NO20093475L - Dielectric fluid composition with vegetable oil - Google Patents
Dielectric fluid composition with vegetable oilInfo
- Publication number
- NO20093475L NO20093475L NO20093475A NO20093475A NO20093475L NO 20093475 L NO20093475 L NO 20093475L NO 20093475 A NO20093475 A NO 20093475A NO 20093475 A NO20093475 A NO 20093475A NO 20093475 L NO20093475 L NO 20093475L
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- dielectric fluid
- fluid composition
- electrical device
- vegetable oil
- approx
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 121
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 103
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 23
- 235000006708 antioxidants Nutrition 0.000 claims description 19
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 235000019484 Rapeseed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 15
- 235000004977 Brassica sinapistrum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 240000002791 Brassica napus Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004322 Butylated hydroxytoluene Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylhydroxytoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000010354 butylated hydroxytoluene Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940095259 butylated hydroxytoluene Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000994 depressogenic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- ZTHYODDOHIVTJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propyl gallate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 ZTHYODDOHIVTJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019282 butylated hydroxyanisole Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-IEOSBIPESA-N α-tocopherol Chemical compound OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2O[C@@](CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-IEOSBIPESA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WGVKWNUPNGFDFJ-DQCZWYHMSA-N β-tocopherol Chemical compound OC1=CC(C)=C2O[C@@](CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C WGVKWNUPNGFDFJ-DQCZWYHMSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- GZIFEOYASATJEH-VHFRWLAGSA-N δ-tocopherol Chemical compound OC1=CC(C)=C2O[C@@](CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1 GZIFEOYASATJEH-VHFRWLAGSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011786 L-ascorbyl-6-palmitate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- QAQJMLQRFWZOBN-LAUBAEHRSA-N L-ascorbyl-6-palmitate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O QAQJMLQRFWZOBN-LAUBAEHRSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010385 ascorbyl palmitate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000007124 Brassica oleracea Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000003899 Brassica oleracea var acephala Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011301 Brassica oleracea var capitata Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000001169 Brassica oleracea var oleracea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000001689 Cyanthillium cinereum Species 0.000 claims description 2
- GZIFEOYASATJEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-delta tocopherol Natural products OC1=CC(C)=C2OC(CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1 GZIFEOYASATJEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000007817 Olea europaea Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000390166 Physaria Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012343 cottonseed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010389 delta-tocopherol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010388 propyl gallate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000473 propyl gallate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940075579 propyl gallate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000004835 α-tocopherol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002076 α-tocopherol Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000007680 β-tocopherol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011590 β-tocopherol Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002446 δ-tocopherol Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- OSEXMTPTBITXBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butyl-3-hydroxycyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione Chemical group CCCCC1=C(O)C(=O)C=CC1=O OSEXMTPTBITXBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 235000003901 Crambe Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 241000220246 Crambe <angiosperm> Species 0.000 claims 1
- 244000124209 Crocus sativus Species 0.000 claims 1
- 235000015655 Crocus sativus Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000013974 saffron Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004248 saffron Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 31
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 31
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 12
- -1 Alkyl methacrylates Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 241000219198 Brassica Species 0.000 description 9
- 244000060924 Brassica campestris Species 0.000 description 9
- 235000005637 Brassica campestris Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 8
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 235000011331 Brassica Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920013639 polyalphaolefin Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 5
- GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N (±)-α-Tocopherol Chemical compound OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2OC(CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004255 Butylated hydroxyanisole Substances 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 3
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- BGNXCDMCOKJUMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butylhydroquinone Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(O)=CC=C1O BGNXCDMCOKJUMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 3
- CZBZUDVBLSSABA-UHFFFAOYSA-N butylated hydroxyanisole Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1.COC1=CC=C(O)C=C1C(C)(C)C CZBZUDVBLSSABA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229940043253 butylated hydroxyanisole Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 3
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000010199 sorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000004334 sorbic acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000014698 Brassica juncea var multisecta Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000006008 Brassica napus var napus Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000006618 Brassica rapa subsp oleifera Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241001301148 Brassica rapa subsp. oleifera Species 0.000 description 2
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930003427 Vitamin E Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000845 anti-microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-tocopherol Natural products CC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC1CCC2C(C)C(O)C(C)C(C)C2O1 WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004250 tert-Butylhydroquinone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019281 tert-butylhydroquinone Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000019165 vitamin E Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011709 vitamin E Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940046009 vitamin E Drugs 0.000 description 2
- CHHHXKFHOYLYRE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 2,4-Hexadienoic acid, potassium salt (1:1), (2E,4E)- Chemical compound [K+].CC=CC=CC([O-])=O CHHHXKFHOYLYRE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- TXBCBTDQIULDIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[[3-hydroxy-2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propoxy]methyl]-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)COCC(CO)(CO)CO TXBCBTDQIULDIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000006685 Carthamus lanatus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000006007 Carthamus lanatus subsp baeticus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004606 Fillers/Extenders Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000020551 Helianthus annuus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000003222 Helianthus annuus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019486 Sunflower oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000700605 Viruses Species 0.000 description 1
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009874 alkali refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004599 antimicrobial Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019463 artificial additive Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- OGBUMNBNEWYMNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N batilol Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOCC(O)CO OGBUMNBNEWYMNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013533 biodegradable additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003240 coconut oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019864 coconut oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- BEFDCLMNVWHSGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenylcyclopentane Chemical compound C=CC1CCCC1 BEFDCLMNVWHSGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009969 flowable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013373 food additive Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002778 food additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004668 long chain fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HWYHZTIRURJOHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N luminol Chemical compound O=C1NNC(=O)C2=C1C(N)=CC=C2 HWYHZTIRURJOHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentyl glycol Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)CO SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011087 paperboard Substances 0.000 description 1
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical class OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002530 phenolic antioxidant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010241 potassium sorbate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004302 potassium sorbate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940069338 potassium sorbate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940058206 rosemary oil Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000010668 rosemary oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940075582 sorbic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000007655 standard test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002600 sunflower oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- UEUXEKPTXMALOB-UHFFFAOYSA-J tetrasodium;2-[2-[bis(carboxylatomethyl)amino]ethyl-(carboxylatomethyl)amino]acetate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CN(CC([O-])=O)CCN(CC([O-])=O)CC([O-])=O UEUXEKPTXMALOB-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B5/00—Preserving by using additives, e.g. anti-oxidants
- C11B5/0021—Preserving by using additives, e.g. anti-oxidants containing oxygen
- C11B5/0035—Phenols; Their halogenated and aminated derivates, their salts, their esters with carboxylic acids
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23D—EDIBLE OILS OR FATS, e.g. MARGARINES, SHORTENINGS, COOKING OILS
- A23D9/00—Other edible oils or fats, e.g. shortenings, cooking oils
- A23D9/007—Other edible oils or fats, e.g. shortenings, cooking oils characterised by ingredients other than fatty acid triglycerides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M101/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a mineral or fatty oil
- C10M101/04—Fatty oil fractions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
- C11B3/10—Refining fats or fatty oils by adsorption
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B5/00—Preserving by using additives, e.g. anti-oxidants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B5/00—Preserving by using additives, e.g. anti-oxidants
- C11B5/0007—Organic substances
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
- H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
- H01B3/20—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances liquids, e.g. oils
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
- H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
- H01B3/20—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances liquids, e.g. oils
- H01B3/22—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances liquids, e.g. oils hydrocarbons
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
- C10M2203/102—Aliphatic fractions
- C10M2203/1025—Aliphatic fractions used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
- C10M2203/106—Naphthenic fractions
- C10M2203/1065—Naphthenic fractions used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
- C10M2205/028—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms
- C10M2205/0285—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
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Abstract
Det er beskrevet en elektrisk anordning som har deri en dielektrisk fluidsammensetning, hvori den dielektriske fluidsammensetningen inkluderer minst en raffinert, bleket vegetabilsk olje hvor lukten er fjernet, og minst en antioksidant, hvori den dielektriske fluidsammensetningen har et hellepunkt på mindre enn ca. 20°C målt med enten ASTM D97 eller ASTM D5950.There is disclosed an electrical device having therein a dielectric fluid composition, wherein the dielectric fluid composition includes at least one refined bleached vegetable oil where the odor is removed, and at least one antioxidant, wherein the dielectric fluid composition has a pour point of less than ca. 20 ° C measured with either ASTM D97 or ASTM D5950.
Description
Den foreliggende beskrivelse angår dielektriske fluider til anvendelse i elektriske apparater. The present description relates to dielectric fluids for use in electrical devices.
Dielektriske (eller isolerende) fluidsammensetninger brukt i elektrisk fordeling og kraftuttrykk virker som et elektrisk isolerende medium, dvs. de utviser dielektrisk styrke og de transporterer dannet varme vekk fra utstyret, dvs. virker som et avkjølingsmedium. Når det anvendes i en transformator transporterer f.eks. dielektriske fluider varme fra vindingene og kjernen til transformatoren eller koblede kretser til avkjølende overflater. Dielectric (or insulating) fluid compositions used in electrical distribution and power expression act as an electrically insulating medium, i.e. they exhibit dielectric strength and they transport generated heat away from the equipment, i.e. act as a cooling medium. When used in a transformer transports e.g. dielectric fluids heat from the windings and core of the transformer or coupled circuits to cooling surfaces.
Væskefylte elektriske apparater brukt i visse klimaer kan kreve en dielektrisk fluidsammensetning som opprettholder dens elektriske og fysikalske egenskaper, særlig hellbarhet, for utstrakte perioder ved lave temperaturer. Dette hellbarhetskravet har begrenset område for anvendelse av vegetabilsk oljebaserte dielektriske fluidsammensetninger, som typisk har hellepunkter over ca. -10°C. Liquid-filled electrical appliances used in certain climates may require a dielectric fluid composition that maintains its electrical and physical properties, particularly pourability, for extended periods at low temperatures. This pourability requirement has a limited area for the use of vegetable oil-based dielectric fluid compositions, which typically have pour points above approx. -10°C.
Siden noen elektriske apparater benytter store mengder av dielektrisk fluid, og at det dielektriske fluidet kan forbli i apparatet over utstrakte tidsperioder er det en mulighet at, under apparatets funksjonsliv, at det dielektriske fluidet kan innføres i omgivelsene. For å danne et dielektrisk fluid med forbedret yteevne ved lave temperaturer, kan et fluid basert på en vegetabilsk olje blandes med mineraloljebaserte mineraloljer eller silikoner, eller formulert med signifikante mengder av ikke-biologisk baserte syntetiske tilsetninger. I mange tilfeller er imidlertid disse tilsetningene kostbare, toksiske og/eller ikke biologisk nedbrytbare, og utilsiktet søl eller lekkasje fra det elektriske apparatet kunne skade de omkringliggende omgivelser. Since some electrical devices use large quantities of dielectric fluid, and that the dielectric fluid can remain in the device over extended periods of time, there is a possibility that, during the device's functional life, the dielectric fluid can be introduced into the environment. To form a dielectric fluid with improved low temperature performance, a vegetable oil based fluid can be mixed with mineral oil based mineral oils or silicones, or formulated with significant amounts of non-biologically based synthetic additives. In many cases, however, these additives are expensive, toxic and/or non-biodegradable, and accidental spillage or leakage from the electrical appliance could damage the surrounding environment.
I én utforming er denne beskrivelsen rettet på en dielektrisk fluidsammensetning som inkluderer minst én raffinert, bleket vegetabilsk olje som er gjort luktfri (RBD). Den RBD vegetabilske olje har et tilstrekkelig lavt hellepunkt (mindre enn ca. -20°C, fortrinnsvis mindre enn ca. 25°C, målt i henhold til hver av ASTM D97 eller ASTM D5950) for å gjøre sammensetningen godt tilpasset for anvendelse i elektriske apparater, særlig i kalde klima. Slike RBD vegetabilske oljer kan anvendes i sammensetningene, dielektriske fluidsammensetninger og fremgangsmåter i henhold til de andre aspektene av den foreliggende oppfinnelse beskrevet heri. In one embodiment, this disclosure is directed to a dielectric fluid composition that includes at least one refined bleached vegetable oil that has been deodorized (RBD). The RBD vegetable oil has a sufficiently low pour point (less than about -20°C, preferably less than about 25°C, as measured according to each of ASTM D97 or ASTM D5950) to make the composition well suited for use in electrical appliances, especially in cold climates. Such RBD vegetable oils can be used in the compositions, dielectric fluid compositions and methods according to the other aspects of the present invention described herein.
I ett aspekt er foreliggende beskrivelse rettet på en sammensetning som består av minst én vegetabilsk olje og minst én antioksidant, hvori sammensetningen har et hellepunkt på mindre enn ca. 20°C målt i henhold til hver av ASTM D97 eller ASTM D5950. In one aspect, the present disclosure is directed to a composition consisting of at least one vegetable oil and at least one antioxidant, wherein the composition has a pour point of less than about 20°C measured according to each of ASTM D97 or ASTM D5950.
I et annet aspekt er den foreliggende beskrivelse rettet på en sammensetning som består av minst én vegetabilsk olje, minst én antioksidant, og minst én hellepunktundertrykker, hvori sammensetningen har et hellepunkt på mindre enn ca. In another aspect, the present disclosure is directed to a composition comprising at least one vegetable oil, at least one antioxidant, and at least one pour point depressant, wherein the composition has a pour point of less than about
-30°C målt i henhold til hver av ASTM D97 eller ASTM D5950.-30°C measured according to each of ASTM D97 or ASTM D5950.
I enda et annet aspekt er den foreliggende beskrivelse rettet på en dielektrisk fluidsammensetning som inkluderer minst én rapsfrøolje valgt fra Brassica Juneca, Brassica Campestris og kombinasjoner derav; og en syntetisk ester. In yet another aspect, the present disclosure is directed to a dielectric fluid composition that includes at least one canola seed oil selected from Brassica Juneca, Brassica Campestris, and combinations thereof; and a synthetic ester.
De dielektriske fluidsammensetninger kan anvendes i en elektrisk anordning så som f.eks. transformatorer, brytermekanisme, regulatorer og innkoblere. The dielectric fluid compositions can be used in an electrical device such as e.g. transformers, switch mechanism, regulators and switches.
I enda et annet aspekt er foreliggende beskrivelse rettet på en fremgangsmåte til å fremstille et dielektrisk fluid, inkludert å tilveiebringe minst én raffinert, bleket rapsfrøolje som er gjort luktfri med et hellepunkt på mindre enn ca. -20°C målt ved minst én av ASTM D97 og ASTM D5950; å behandle rapsfrøoljen med leire; å filtrere rapsfrøoljen for å produsere en prosessert rapsfrøolje. In yet another aspect, the present disclosure is directed to a method of making a dielectric fluid, including providing at least one refined, bleached canola seed oil that has been deodorized with a pour point of less than about -20°C as measured by at least one of ASTM D97 and ASTM D5950; treating the rapeseed oil with clay; to filter the rapeseed oil to produce a processed rapeseed oil.
De dielektriske fluidsammensetninger beskrevet heri har utmerkede elektriske egenskaper til og med når de er formulert med en minimal mengde av ikke-biologisk baserte forbindelser. I noen utforminger kvalifiserer den dielektriske fluidsammensetningen som minst én av: (1) lett biodegraderbar som definert ved USEPA OPPTS 835.3110; (2) endelig biodegraderbar som definert ved USEPA OPPTS 835.3100; og (3) biodegraderbar som målt ved fremgangsmåte OECD 301. Den utmerkede yteevnen ved lav temperatur til de vegetabilsk olje dielektriske fluidsammensetninger, så vel som deres omgivelsessikre og biobaserte natur, tillater anvendelse av fluidene i apparat og i klimatiske områder hvori vegetabilsk oljebaserte fluider ikke tidligere er blitt anvendt. Siden mange komponenter i de vegetabilsk olje dielektriske fluidsammensetninger er avledet fra fornybare, frøbaserte ressurser, kan fluidene lett produseres og med en rimelig kostnad. The dielectric fluid compositions described herein have excellent electrical properties even when formulated with a minimal amount of non-biologically based compounds. In some embodiments, the dielectric fluid composition qualifies as at least one of: (1) readily biodegradable as defined by USEPA OPPTS 835.3110; (2) ultimately biodegradable as defined by USEPA OPPTS 835.3100; and (3) biodegradable as measured by method OECD 301. The excellent low temperature performance of the vegetable oil dielectric fluid compositions, as well as their environmentally safe and bio-based nature, allow the fluids to be used in appliances and in climatic areas where vegetable oil-based fluids have not previously has been applied. Since many components of the vegetable oil dielectric fluid compositions are derived from renewable, seed-based resources, the fluids can be easily produced and at a reasonable cost.
Detaljer til én eller flere utforminger av oppfinnelsen er fremsatt i de vedlagte tegninger og beskrivelsen nedenfor. Andre trekk, hensikter og fordeler med oppfinnelsen vil være klart fra beskrivelsen og tegningene og fra kravene. Details of one or more designs of the invention are presented in the attached drawings and the description below. Other features, purposes and advantages of the invention will be clear from the description and drawings and from the claims.
Kort beskrivelse av tegningerBrief description of drawings
Fig. 1 er et tverrsnittsriss av en transformator som inkluderer en vegetabilsk olje dielektrisk fluidsammensetning. Fig. 2 er en graf som viser viskositeten til dielektriske fluider over tid ved temperaturer på -10°C og -20°C. Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a transformer incorporating a vegetable oil dielectric fluid composition. Fig. 2 is a graph showing the viscosity of dielectric fluids over time at temperatures of -10°C and -20°C.
Foreliggende beskrivelse er rettet på dielektriske fluidsammensetninger som inkluderer minst én raffinert, bleket vegetabilsk olje som er gjort luktfri (RBD). Den RBD vegetabilske olje har et hellepunkt på mindre enn ca. -20°C, fortrinnsvis mindre enn ca. -25°C, målt i henhold til hver av ASTM D97 eller ASTM D5950. Dette lave hellepunktet gjør de dielektriske fluidsammensetninger inkludert den RBD vegetabilske olje godt tilpasset anvendelse i elektriske apparater, særlig i kalde klima. The present disclosure is directed to dielectric fluid compositions that include at least one refined, bleached vegetable oil that has been deodorized (RBD). The RBD vegetable oil has a pour point of less than approx. -20°C, preferably less than approx. -25°C, measured according to each of ASTM D97 or ASTM D5950. This low pour point makes the dielectric fluid compositions including the RBD vegetable oil well suited for use in electrical appliances, particularly in cold climates.
I én utforming er denne beskrivelsen rettet på en dielektrisk fluidsammensetning som består av minst én RBD vegetabilsk olje og én antioksidant. Den dielektriske fluidsammensetningen har et hellepunkt på mindre enn ca. -20°C, fortrinnsvis mindre enn ca. -25°C. In one embodiment, this disclosure is directed to a dielectric fluid composition comprising at least one RBD vegetable oil and one antioxidant. The dielectric fluid composition has a pour point of less than approx. -20°C, preferably less than approx. -25°C.
Betegnelsen RBD vegetabilsk olje som brukt heri refererer seg til rå vegetabilske oljer som er blitt ytterligere prosessert på et vegetabilsk oljeraffineri. Typisk, for å lage en RBD vegetabilsk olje, blir rå vegetabilsk olje avgummifisert etter tilsetting av vann etterfulgt av alkaliraffinering med en base så som NaOH, bleking med leire og gjort luktfri ved å bruke vakuumdampstripping. Slik RBD-prosessering av oljer er velkjent på området. Prosesseringstrinnene fjerner kontaminanter fra den rå vegetabilske olje som ville forårsake dårlig dielektrisk yteevne. Rå vegetabilske oljer inneholder også mer vokskomponenter som ville forårsake mindre ønskelig yteevne ved kalde temperaturer. The term RBD vegetable oil as used herein refers to crude vegetable oils that have been further processed at a vegetable oil refinery. Typically, to make an RBD vegetable oil, crude vegetable oil is degummed after adding water followed by alkali refining with a base such as NaOH, bleaching with clay and deodorized using vacuum steam stripping. Such RBD processing of oils is well known in the field. The processing steps remove contaminants from the crude vegetable oil that would cause poor dielectric performance. Crude vegetable oils also contain more wax components that would cause less desirable cold temperature performance.
Hellepunktet til den dielektriske fluidsammensetningen kan måles ved hver av to forskjellige metoder, ASTM D97 eller ASTM D5950 (hellepunktmålinger pr. testmetoder heri kan variere så mye som + 3°C). ASTM D97, en manuell teknikk, er en akseptert standardtestmetode for bestemmelse av hellepunkt i elektrisk utstyrsindustri. Automatisert utstyr for å måle hellepunktet kan imidlertid i noen tilfeller tilveiebringe forbedret hastighet og konsistens ved ASTM-metode D5950. D5950-metoden er imidlertid ikke godkjent i elektrisk industri, skjønt smørefluidindustrien har konvertert til og godkjent en D5950 automatisert metode. The pour point of the dielectric fluid composition can be measured by each of two different methods, ASTM D97 or ASTM D5950 (pour point measurements per test method herein can vary by as much as + 3°C). ASTM D97, a manual technique, is an accepted standard test method for the determination of pour point in the electrical equipment industry. However, automated equipment to measure the pour point can in some cases provide improved speed and consistency of ASTM method D5950. However, the D5950 method is not approved in the electrical industry, although the lubricating fluid industry has converted to and approved a D5950 automated method.
Den vegetabilske olje blir fortrinnsvis oppnådd ved prosessering av naturlig forekommende (ikke genetisk modifisert, eller ikke-GMO) frølager, som også kan oppnås fra genetisk modifiserte (GMO) frø, eller fra blandinger av oljer oppnådd fra GMO og ikke-GMO frø. The vegetable oil is preferably obtained by processing naturally occurring (not genetically modified, or non-GMO) seed stock, which can also be obtained from genetically modified (GMO) seeds, or from mixtures of oils obtained from GMO and non-GMO seeds.
En egnet vegetabilsk olje for den dielektriske fluidsammensetning kan oppnås ved å prosessere GMO rapsfrø, ikke-GMO rapsfrø og kombinasjoner derav. Foretrukne oljer blir oppnådd fra frø dyrket i nord europeiske regioner. Oljer oppnådd fra ikke-GMO "vinter" rapsfrø dyrket i nord europeiske klimaer har særlig lave hellepunkter, og er foretrukket for anvendelse i elektriske apparater som benyttes i kaldt klima. Oljer oppnådd fra frøene til Brassica Juneca og Brassica Campestris plantene er særlig foretrukket, og egnede oljer er tilgjengelig fra Cargill, Inc., Minneapolis, MN, under handelsbetegnelsen Agri-Pure 60 rapsfrøolje. A suitable vegetable oil for the dielectric fluid composition can be obtained by processing GMO rapeseed, non-GMO rapeseed and combinations thereof. Preferred oils are obtained from seeds grown in northern European regions. Oils obtained from non-GMO "winter" rapeseed grown in northern European climates have particularly low pour points, and are preferred for use in electrical appliances used in cold climates. Oils obtained from the seeds of the Brassica Juneca and Brassica Campestris plants are particularly preferred, and suitable oils are available from Cargill, Inc., Minneapolis, MN, under the trade name Agri-Pure 60 Rapeseed Oil.
Mens det ikke er ønskelig å bli bundet til noen teori, indikerer foreliggende tilgjengelig bevis at RBD-oljer oppnådd fra nord europeisk rapsfrø så som f.eks. Brassica Juneca og Brassica Campestris frø, har en fettsyrefordeling som resulterer i et hellepunkt på mindre enn ca. -20°C, fortrinnsvis mindre enn ca. -20°C, målt i henhold til hver av ASTM D97 eller ASTM D5950. Andre RBD rapsfrøoljer så som f.eks. de tilgjengelig fra nord amerikanske frølager, utviser et mye høyere hellepunkt på ca. -10 til ca. -16°C. Sammenlignet med disse nord amerikanske oljene kan nord europeiske rapsfrøoljer avledet fra Brassica Juneca og Brassica Campestris tilveiebringe en signifikant fordel ved lavtemperaturanvendelser. While not wishing to be bound by any theory, currently available evidence indicates that RBD oils obtained from northern European rapeseed such as e.g. Brassica Juneca and Brassica Campestris seeds have a fatty acid distribution that results in a pour point of less than approx. -20°C, preferably less than approx. -20°C, measured according to each of ASTM D97 or ASTM D5950. Other RBD rapeseed oils such as e.g. those available from North American seed stores, exhibit a much higher pour point of approx. -10 to approx. -16°C. Compared to these North American oils, North European rapeseed oils derived from Brassica Juneca and Brassica Campestris can provide a significant advantage in low temperature applications.
Brassica Juneca og Brassica Campestris oljer brukt i den dielektriske fluidsammensetningen kan oppnås fra et enkelt års innhøsting, eller oljer fra forskjellige dyrkere kan blandes for å tilveiebringe en vegetabilsk olje dielektrisk fluidsammensetning med de ønskede elektriske, kjemiske og fysikalske egenskaper. Brassica Juneca and Brassica Campestris oils used in the dielectric fluid composition can be obtained from a single year's harvest, or oils from different growers can be blended to provide a vegetable oil dielectric fluid composition with the desired electrical, chemical and physical properties.
I tillegg til et eksepsjonelt lavt hellepunkt, har dielektriske fluidsammensetninger inkludert de foretrukne RBD Brassica Juneca og Brassica Campestris oljer utmerkede elektriske egenskaper etter egnet prosessering. In addition to an exceptionally low pour point, dielectric fluid compositions including the preferred RBD Brassica Juneca and Brassica Campestris oils have excellent electrical properties after suitable processing.
De dielektriske fluidsammensetningene har fortrinnsvis en dielektrisk styrke på minst ca. 55 kv, fortrinnsvis større enn ca. 60 kV. Den dielektriske styrken kan måles ved ASTM-metode D1816 ved å bruke et 0,08 tommer (2 mm) gap mellom VDE-elektroder. Bestemmelse av dielektrisk styrke er velkjent på området, og innenfor kunnskapen til fagpersonen. The dielectric fluid compositions preferably have a dielectric strength of at least approx. 55 kv, preferably larger than approx. 60 kV. The dielectric strength can be measured by ASTM Method D1816 using a 0.08 inch (2 mm) gap between VDE electrodes. Determination of dielectric strength is well known in the field, and within the knowledge of the person skilled in the art.
Den dielektriske fluidsammensetningen har også fortrinnsvis et brennpunkt større enn 300°C, så vel som et flashpunkt større enn ca. 275°C. Både brannpunktet og flashpunktet kan måles ved ASTM D92. Bestemmelse av brannpunktet er velkjent på området og innenfor kunnskapen til fagpersonen. The dielectric fluid composition also preferably has a flash point greater than 300°C, as well as a flash point greater than approx. 275°C. Both the fire point and the flash point can be measured by ASTM D92. Determination of the flash point is well known in the area and within the knowledge of the professional.
Den dielektriske fluidsammensetningen har også fortrinnsvis en tapsfaktor (DF) ved 25°C på mindre enn ca. 0,1 %, og en tapsfaktor ved 100°C på mindre enn ca. 4°. Tapsfaktorene kan måles ved å bruke ASTM D924. Bestemmelse av tapsfaktor er velkjent på området og innenfor kunnskapen til fagpersonen. The dielectric fluid composition also preferably has a loss factor (DF) at 25°C of less than approx. 0.1%, and a loss factor at 100°C of less than approx. 4°. The loss factors can be measured using ASTM D924. Determining the loss factor is well known in the field and within the knowledge of the professional.
Andre elektriske, kjemiske og fysikalske egenskaper er fremsatt i tabell 4 nedenfor. Other electrical, chemical and physical properties are presented in Table 4 below.
For å sikre at den dielektriske fluidsammensetningen forblir flytbar ved relativt lave temperaturer, bør den vegetabilske olje brukt i sammensetningen fortrinnsvis ha en kinematisk viskositet mellom 2 og 15 cSt ved 100°C og mindre enn 110 cSt ved 40°C. Fortrinnsvis har fluidene brukt i den dielektriske fluidsammensetningen en kinematisk viskositet mellom ca. 20 og ca. 50 cSt ved 40°C. To ensure that the dielectric fluid composition remains flowable at relatively low temperatures, the vegetable oil used in the composition should preferably have a kinematic viscosity between 2 and 15 cSt at 100°C and less than 110 cSt at 40°C. Preferably, the fluids used in the dielectric fluid composition have a kinematic viscosity between approx. 20 and approx. 50 cSt at 40°C.
En vanlig metode til å måle den kinematiske viskositeten ved 40/100°C er ASTM D445, imidlertid ved kuldegrader på -10°C og -20°C og kaldere, kan en annen teknikk anvendes. Flytespenning og viskositet ble målt ved å bruke et Cannon mini-rotasjonsviskometer (MRV) ved ASTM D3829. MRV funksjonerte som et konsentrisk sylinderviskometer hvori flytespenningen blir bestemt ved å observere bevegelsen av sylinderen under forskjellige typer anvendt spenning. F.eks. kan en 5 g vekt anvendes til å påføre flytespenning, og viskositeten kan bestemmes ved å måle tiden det tar for å gjennomgå tre omdreininger. Tiden blir multiplisert med en konstant, som avhenger av cellen brukt for målingen, og den anvendte spenning, for å bestemme den dynamiske viskositet i centipoise (cP). Den dynamiske viskositet i cP blir konvertert til kinematisk viskositet i centistokes (cSt) ved å dele den dynamiske viskositet med tettheten til fluidet på den spesifikke måletemperatur. Bestemmelse av viskositeter er velkjent på området og er innenfor kunnskapen til fagpersonen. A common method for measuring the kinematic viscosity at 40/100°C is ASTM D445, however at temperatures of -10°C and -20°C and colder, another technique can be used. Yield stress and viscosity were measured using a Cannon mini-rotational viscometer (MRV) at ASTM D3829. The MRV functioned as a concentric cylinder viscometer in which the yield stress is determined by observing the movement of the cylinder under different types of applied stress. E.g. a 5 g weight can be used to apply yield stress, and the viscosity can be determined by measuring the time it takes to complete three revolutions. The time is multiplied by a constant, which depends on the cell used for the measurement, and the applied voltage, to determine the dynamic viscosity in centipoise (cP). The dynamic viscosity in cP is converted to kinematic viscosity in centistokes (cSt) by dividing the dynamic viscosity by the density of the fluid at the specific measurement temperature. Determination of viscosities is well known in the field and is within the knowledge of the person skilled in the art.
F.eks. kan tettheten bestemmes ved å bruke en 250 ml volumetrisk flaske med en 15 ml gradert sylinder som hals. Det indre volumet ble kalibrert med vann med kjent temperatur og masse før måling av fluidet. Tetthetene til fluidene ved temperaturen ble beregnet ved å bruke vekten av fluidet med det målte volum. E.g. the density can be determined using a 250 ml volumetric flask with a 15 ml graduated cylinder as the neck. The internal volume was calibrated with water of known temperature and mass before measuring the fluid. The densities of the fluids at the temperature were calculated using the weight of the fluid with the measured volume.
Den vegetabilsk olje dielektriske fluidsammensetningen inkluderer ytterligere én eller flere antioksidantforbindelser. Nyttige antioksidantforbindelser inkluderer f.eks. BHA (butylert hydroksyanisol), BHT (butylert hydroksytoluen), TBHQ (tertiært butylhydrokinon), THBP (tetrahydrobutrofenon), askorbylpalmitat (rosmarinolje), propylgallat, og alfa-, beta- eller delta-tokoferom (vitamin E). The vegetable oil dielectric fluid composition further includes one or more antioxidant compounds. Useful antioxidant compounds include e.g. BHA (butylated hydroxyanisole), BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene), TBHQ (tertiary butylhydroquinone), THBP (tetrahydrobutrophenone), ascorbyl palmitate (rosemary oil), propyl gallate, and alpha, beta or delta tocopherol (vitamin E).
Antioksidantforbindelsene kan være tilstede i den dielektriske fluidsammensetningen med mindre enn ca. 1 vekt%, fortrinnsvis mindre enn ca. 0,5 vekt%, basert på den totale vekten til sammensetningen. The antioxidant compounds may be present in the dielectric fluid composition with less than about 1% by weight, preferably less than approx. 0.5% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition.
I tillegg til de foretrukne rapsfrøoljer så som Brassica Juneca og Brassica Campestris kan enhver av de dielektriske fluidsammensetningene beskrevet heri eventuelt inkludere andre vegetabilske oljer som utvidere eller for å modifisere dets egenskaper, inkludert å justere hellepunktet. Enhver kommersielt tilgjengelig frøolje kan anvendes, og egnede ytterligere vegetabilske oljer inkludere f.eks. soyabønne, solsikke, kål, mais, oliven, bomullsfrø, safrantistel, vernonia, lesquerella og kombinasjoner derav. Av disse ytterligere oljer er soyabønneolje og solsikkeolje foretrukne. In addition to the preferred rapeseed oils such as Brassica Juneca and Brassica Campestris, any of the dielectric fluid compositions described herein may optionally include other vegetable oils as extenders or to modify its properties, including adjusting the pour point. Any commercially available seed oil can be used, and suitable additional vegetable oils include e.g. soybean, sunflower, cabbage, corn, olive, cottonseed, saffron thistle, vernonia, lesquerella and combinations thereof. Of these additional oils, soybean oil and sunflower oil are preferred.
De ytterligere vegetabilske oljer kan være tilstede eller anvendes i enhver mengde, så lenge som deres nærvær ikke hovedsakelig degraderer de fysikalske, kjemiske elektriske egenskapene til sammensetningen. The additional vegetable oils may be present or used in any amount, so long as their presence does not substantially degrade the physico-chemical electrical properties of the composition.
I en annen utforming består den vegetabilsk olje dielektriske fluidsammensetningen av minst én vegetabilsk olje som beskrevet over, minst én antioksidant som beskrevet over, og minst ett middel til nedsetting av hellepunktet. Et stort utvalg av forbindelser kan anvendes som midler for nedsetting av hellepunktet, og foretrukne midler inkluderer polvinylacetatoligomerer og polymerer og/eller akryloligomerer og polymerer. Egnede midler til nedsettelse av hellepunktet inkluderer (met)akrylater så som de tilgjengelig fra Rohmax, Philadelphia, PA, under handelsnavnet Viscoplex. Alkylmetakrylater med en molekylvekt på ca. 200000, så som Viscoplex 10-310 er blitt funnet å være spesielt egnet. In another design, the vegetable oil dielectric fluid composition consists of at least one vegetable oil as described above, at least one antioxidant as described above, and at least one agent for lowering the pour point. A wide variety of compounds can be used as pour point depressants, and preferred agents include polyvinyl acetate oligomers and polymers and/or acrylic oligomers and polymers. Suitable pour point depressants include (meth)acrylates such as those available from Rohmax, Philadelphia, PA, under the trade name Viscoplex. Alkyl methacrylates with a molecular weight of approx. 200,000, such as Viscoplex 10-310 has been found to be particularly suitable.
Midler for nedsettelse av hellepunktet kan anvendes alene eller eventuelt være ytterligere fortynnet med en vegetabilsk olje. Egnede vegetabilske oljer for fortynning av middel til nedsettelse av hellepunktet inkluderer f.eks. vegetabilsk oljefortynnede alkylmetakrylater tilgjengelig fra Functional Products, Makedonia, OH, under handelsbetegnelsen PD-551. Agents for lowering the pour point can be used alone or possibly further diluted with a vegetable oil. Suitable vegetable oils for dilution of pour point depressants include e.g. vegetable oil diluted alkyl methacrylates available from Functional Products, Macedonia, OH, under the trade name PD-551.
Middel for nedsettelse av hellepunkter er tilstede i den vegetabilsk olje dielektriske fluidsammensetning opptil ca. 4 vekt%, fortrinnsvis 0,2 vekt% til ca. 2 vekt%, og mer fortrinnsvis fra ca. 0,4 vekt% til 2 vekt%. Pour point depressants are present in the vegetable oil dielectric fluid composition up to approx. 4% by weight, preferably 0.2% by weight to approx. 2% by weight, and more preferably from approx. 0.4% by weight to 2% by weight.
Sammensetninger av dielektrisk fluid med vegetabilsk olje inkluderer en antioksidant og et middel for nedsettelse av hellepunktet som typisk har et hellepunkt på mindre enn ca. -30°C, fortrinnsvis mindre enn ca. -33°C, som målt med minst én av ASTM D97 og ASTM D5950. Inkludert disse tilsettinger har sammensetningen av dielektrisk fluid med vegetabilsk olje typisk et brannpunkt som er større enn ca. 300°C, fortrinnsvis større enn ca. 350°C, og et flashpunkt som er større enn ca. 275°C, fortrinnsvis større enn ca. 325°C. Andre egenskaper til en sammensetning av dielektrisk fluid med vegetabilsk olje med tilsetninger er vist i tabell 5 nedenfor. Vegetable oil dielectric fluid compositions include an antioxidant and a pour point depressant typically having a pour point of less than about -30°C, preferably less than approx. -33°C, as measured by at least one of ASTM D97 and ASTM D5950. Including these additions, the composition of dielectric fluid with vegetable oil typically has a flash point greater than approx. 300°C, preferably greater than approx. 350°C, and a flash point greater than approx. 275°C, preferably greater than approx. 325°C. Other properties of a composition of dielectric fluid with vegetable oil with additives are shown in Table 5 below.
Enhver av de dielektriske fluidsammensetningene beskrevet heri kan eventuelt inkludere en liten mengde av én eller flere tilsetninger for å inhibere vekst av mikroorganismer. Ethvert antimikrobielt stoff som er kompatibelt med det dielektriske fluidet kan blandes inn i fluidet. I noen tilfeller kan forbindelser som er nyttige som antioksidanter også anvendes som antimikrobielle midler. Det er f.eks. kjent at fenoliske antioksidanter så som BHA også utviser noe aktivitet mot bakterier, mugg, virus og protozoer, særlig når de anvendes med andre mikrobielle stoffer så som kaliumsorbat, sorbinsyre eller monoglyserider. Vitamin E, askorbylpalmitat og andre kjente forbindelser er også egnet for anvendelse som antimikrobielle tilsettinger. Any of the dielectric fluid compositions described herein may optionally include a small amount of one or more additives to inhibit the growth of microorganisms. Any antimicrobial substance compatible with the dielectric fluid can be mixed into the fluid. In some cases, compounds useful as antioxidants can also be used as antimicrobial agents. It is e.g. known that phenolic antioxidants such as BHA also exhibit some activity against bacteria, mould, viruses and protozoa, particularly when used with other microbial substances such as potassium sorbate, sorbic acid or monoglycerides. Vitamin E, ascorbyl palmitate and other known compounds are also suitable for use as antimicrobial additives.
Enhver av sammensetningene av dielektrisk fluid med vegetabilsk olje beskrevet heri kan ytterligere eventuelt inkludere et fargemiddel så som en farge eller pigment. Enhver kjent farge eller pigment kan anvendes for denne hensikt, og mange er kommersielt tilgjengelige som mattilsetninger. De nyttigste fargestoffer og pigmenter er de som er oljeløselige. Fargestoffet er tilstede i sammensetningen i små mengder, typisk mindre enn ca. 1 ppm. Any of the compositions of dielectric fluid with vegetable oil described herein may further optionally include a colorant such as a dye or pigment. Any known color or pigment can be used for this purpose, and many are commercially available as food additives. The most useful dyes and pigments are those that are oil soluble. The dye is present in the composition in small amounts, typically less than approx. 1 ppm.
Under egnede omstendigheter kan enhver av sammensetningene av dielektrisk fluid med vegetabilsk olje beskrevet heri eventuelt inkludere en liten mengde av én eller flere mineraloljeavledede oljer, så som f.eks. mineraloljer og/eller polyalfaolefiner. Mineraloljer fra nafteniske og parafiniske kilder blir typisk raffinert og prosessert til transformatorfluider som oppfyller den elektriske industriens standarder ASTM D3687. Egnede mineraloljebaserte dielektriske fluider inkluderer f.eks. de som er tilgjengelig fra Petro-Canada under handelsbetegnelsen Luminol TR, de tilgjengelig fra Calumet Lubricating Co. under handelsbetegnelsen Caltran 60-15, og de tilgjengelig fra Ergon Refining Inc. under handelsbetegnelsen Hivolt II. Egnede polyalfaolefiner har en viskositet fra ca. 2 cSt til ca. 14 cSt ved 100°C, og er tilgjengelig fra Chevron under handelsbetegnelsen Synfluid PAO, Amoco under handelsbetegnelsen Durasyn og Ethyl Corp. under handelsbetegnelsen Ethylflo. Særlig foretrukne polyalfaolefiner har en viskositet på ca. 4 cSt til ca. 8 cSt. Under suitable circumstances, any of the vegetable oil dielectric fluid compositions described herein may optionally include a small amount of one or more mineral oil derived oils, such as e.g. mineral oils and/or polyalphaolefins. Mineral oils from naphthenic and paraffinic sources are typically refined and processed into transformer fluids that meet electrical industry standards ASTM D3687. Suitable mineral oil based dielectric fluids include e.g. those available from Petro-Canada under the trade name Luminol TR, those available from Calumet Lubricating Co. under the trade name Caltran 60-15, and those available from Ergon Refining Inc. under the trade name Hivolt II. Suitable polyalphaolefins have a viscosity from approx. 2 cSt to approx. 14 cSt at 100°C, and is available from Chevron under the trade name Synfluid PAO, Amoco under the trade name Durasyn and Ethyl Corp. under the trade name Ethylflo. Particularly preferred polyalphaolefins have a viscosity of approx. 4 cSt to approx. 8 cSt.
Mineraloljeavledede oljer og polyalfaolefiner kan inkorporeres i sammensetningen med mindre enn ca. 10 vekt%, fortrinnsvis mindre enn ca. 5 vekt%. Mineral oil derived oils and polyalphaolefins can be incorporated into the composition with less than approx. 10% by weight, preferably less than approx. 5% by weight.
I en annen utforming er foreliggende beskrivelse rettet på en sammensetning av dielektrisk fluid med vegetabilsk olje som inkluderer minst én vegetabilsk olje som beskrevet over, og en syntetisk esterforbindelse. I tillegg til den minst ene vegetabilske olje og syntetiske ester inkluderer den vegetabilsk olje dielektrisk fluid sammensetningen fortrinnsvis ytterligere en antioksidant som beskrevet over, og et middel for nedsettelse av hellepunktet som beskrevet heri. In another embodiment, the present description is directed to a composition of dielectric fluid with vegetable oil which includes at least one vegetable oil as described above, and a synthetic ester compound. In addition to the at least one vegetable oil and synthetic ester, the vegetable oil dielectric fluid composition preferably further includes an antioxidant as described above, and an agent for lowering the pour point as described herein.
Den syntetiske ester kan blandes med den vegetabilske olje og andre eventuelle komponenter i en mengde som er tilstrekkelig til å modifisere egenskapene til den dielektrisk fluidsammensetningen, særlig for ytterligere å senke hellepunktet for en spesiell kuldetemperaturanvendelse. Betegnelsen "syntetisk ester" som brukt heri refererer seg til estere fremstilt ved en reaksjon mellom: (1) en biobasert eller mineraloljeavledet polyol; og (2) en lineær eller grenet organisk syre som kan være biobasert eller mineraloljeavledet. Betegnelsen polyol som benyttet heri refererer seg til alkoholer med to eller flere hydroksylgrupper. The synthetic ester may be mixed with the vegetable oil and other optional components in an amount sufficient to modify the properties of the dielectric fluid composition, particularly to further lower the pour point for a particular cold temperature application. The term "synthetic ester" as used herein refers to esters prepared by a reaction between: (1) a bio-based or mineral oil-derived polyol; and (2) a linear or branched organic acid which may be biobased or mineral oil derived. The term polyol used herein refers to alcohols with two or more hydroxyl groups.
Mens de syntetiske estere kan avledes fra biologisk baserte forbindelser, mineraloljebiprodukter eller kombinasjoner derav, er biologisk baserte estere avledet fra fornybare forbindelser fremstilt av dyr og planter foretrukket. While the synthetic esters may be derived from biologically based compounds, mineral oil byproducts or combinations thereof, biologically based esters derived from renewable compounds produced by animals and plants are preferred.
Som brukt heri refererer betegnelsen biobasert seg til forbindelser avledet fra stoffer fremstilt av enten dyr og/eller naturlig forekommende eller dyrkede planter. Plante-og dyrekildene for de biobaserte forbindelser kan være GMO, ikke-GMO og kombinasjoner derav, og ikke-GMO-kilder er foretrukne. Betegnelsen "biobasert" har betydninger fremsatt i USD A FB4P (2002 Farm Bill), f.eks. 70 Fed. Reg. 1792 (11. januar 2005) og 71 Fed. Reg. 59862 (11. oktober 2006) (for å kodifiseres med 7 C.F.R. punkt 2902). As used herein, the term bio-based refers to compounds derived from substances produced by either animals and/or naturally occurring or cultivated plants. The plant and animal sources for the bio-based compounds may be GMO, non-GMO and combinations thereof, and non-GMO sources are preferred. The term "biobased" has the meanings set forth in USD A FB4P (2002 Farm Bill), e.g. 70 Fed. Reg. 1792 (January 11, 2005) and 71 Fed. Reg. 59862 (Oct. 11, 2006) (to be codified at 7 C.F.R. section 2902).
Egnede eksempler på biobaserte syntetiske estere inkluderer de fremstilt ved å omsette en polyol og en organisk syre med karbonkjedelengder på C8-C10 avledet fra en vegetabilsk olje så som f.eks. kokosnøttolje. Egnede syntetiske estere er tilgjengelige fra Cargill (Brasil) under handelsbetegnelsen Innovatti, så vel som fra Hatco Chemical Co., Kearney, NJ. Blant disse syntetiske estere er syntetiske pentaerytritolestere med C7-C9-grupper tilgjengelige under handelsbetegnelsen Envirotemp 200 (E200) fra Cooper Power Systems og Hatco 5005 fra Hatco Chemical Co., så vel som trimetylolpropan (TMP) estere med C8-C10-grupper tilgjengelig under handelsbetegnelsen EXP 1906 fra Innovatti og Hatco 2938 fra Hatco Chemical Co., særlig vel egnet for anvendelse i sammensetningene av de elektriske fluider. Andre polyoler som er egnet for å reagere med organiske syrer for å fremstille syntetiske estere inkluderer f.eks. neopentylglykol, dipentaerytritol, og 2-etylheksyl, n-oktyl, isooktyl, isononyl, isodecyl og tridecylalkoholer. Suitable examples of bio-based synthetic esters include those prepared by reacting a polyol and an organic acid with carbon chain lengths of C8-C10 derived from a vegetable oil such as e.g. coconut oil. Suitable synthetic esters are available from Cargill (Brazil) under the trade name Innovatti, as well as from Hatco Chemical Co., Kearney, NJ. Among these synthetic esters are synthetic pentaerythritol esters with C7-C9 groups available under the trade name Envirotemp 200 (E200) from Cooper Power Systems and Hatco 5005 from Hatco Chemical Co., as well as trimethylolpropane (TMP) esters with C8-C10 groups available under trade name EXP 1906 from Innovatti and Hatco 2938 from Hatco Chemical Co., particularly well suited for use in the compositions of the electrical fluids. Other polyols suitable for reacting with organic acids to produce synthetic esters include e.g. neopentyl glycol, dipentaerythritol, and 2-ethylhexyl, n-octyl, isooctyl, isononyl, isodecyl and tridecyl alcohols.
De syntetiske estere kan anvendes i sammensetningen av dielektrisk fluid med vegetabilsk olje opptil ca. 70 vekt%, fortrinnsvis ca. 30 vekt% til ca. 70 vekt%, og enda mer fortrinnsvis ca. 25 vekt% til 70 vekt%. Generelt resulterer større mengder av den syntetiske ester i en sammensetning av dielektrisk fluid med et lavere hellepunkt. F.eks. har noen sammensetninger av dielektrisk fluid med vegetabilsk olje som inkluderer opptil ca. 30 vekt% syntetiske estere et hellepunkt på mindre enn ca. -38°C, mens noen sammensetninger som inkluderer opp til ca. 70 vekt% syntetisk ester har et hellepunkt på mindre enn ca. -50°C, i henhold til minst én av ASTM D97 og ASTM D5950. The synthetic esters can be used in the composition of dielectric fluid with vegetable oil up to approx. 70% by weight, preferably approx. 30% by weight to approx. 70% by weight, and even more preferably approx. 25% by weight to 70% by weight. In general, larger amounts of the synthetic ester result in a dielectric fluid composition with a lower pour point. E.g. has some compositions of dielectric fluid with vegetable oil which include up to approx. 30% by weight synthetic esters a pour point of less than approx. -38°C, while some compositions that include up to approx. 70% by weight synthetic ester has a pour point of less than approx. -50°C, according to at least one of ASTM D97 and ASTM D5950.
Mens inkorporering av ikke-biobaserte syntetiske materialer kan forbedre visse egenskaper til sammensetningene av dielektrisk fluid med vegetabilsk olje beskrevet ovenfor, øker også tilsetning av disse forbindelser omkostningene og kan redusere sammensetningens "omgivelsesvennlige" natur. For å sikre at søl eller lekkasje av sammensetningen av dielektrisk fluid med vegetabilsk olje ikke vil ha signifikant innflytelse på omgivelsene bør sammensetningen fortrinnsvis være biodegraderbar, ikke-toksisk og formulert med et minimum av ikke-basert materiale. Sammensetningen av dielektrisk fluid med vegetabilsk olje bør fortrinnsvis inkludere minst 70 % biobasert materiale og mer fortrinnsvis ca. 72,5 % biobasert materiale. While the incorporation of non-bio-based synthetic materials may improve certain properties of the vegetable oil dielectric fluid compositions described above, addition of these compounds also increases cost and may reduce the "environmentally friendly" nature of the composition. To ensure that spillage or leakage of the composition of dielectric fluid with vegetable oil will not have a significant influence on the environment, the composition should preferably be biodegradable, non-toxic and formulated with a minimum of non-based material. The composition of dielectric fluid with vegetable oil should preferably include at least 70% bio-based material and more preferably approx. 72.5% bio-based material.
F.eks. kan biobasert innhold bestemmes ved å bruke ASTM-metode D6866, som er basert på mengden av biobasert karbon i materialet som prosent av massen av det totale organiske karbon i produktet. E.g. biobased content can be determined using ASTM method D6866, which is based on the amount of biobased carbon in the material as a percentage of the mass of total organic carbon in the product.
Sammensetningene av dielektrisk fluid med vegetabilsk olje beskrevet ovenfor bør også fortrinnsvis formuleres for å inkludere en minimal mengde av ikke-biodegraderbart materiale. Mengden av syntetiske og/eller ikke-biodegraderbare tilsetninger i sammensetningen av dielektrisk fluid med vegetabilsk olje bør fortrinnsvis være begrenset slik at sammensetningen kvalifiserer som minst én av: (1) lett biodegraderbar som definert av USEPA OPPTS 835.3110; (2) endelig biodegraderbar som definert ved USEPA OPPTS 835.3100; og (3) biodegraderbar som målt ved metoden OECD 301. The vegetable oil dielectric fluid compositions described above should also preferably be formulated to include a minimal amount of non-biodegradable material. The amount of synthetic and/or non-biodegradable additives in the vegetable oil dielectric fluid composition should preferably be limited so that the composition qualifies as at least one of: (1) readily biodegradable as defined by USEPA OPPTS 835.3110; (2) ultimately biodegradable as defined by USEPA OPPTS 835.3100; and (3) biodegradable as measured by the OECD 301 method.
Lett biodegraderbart som definert ved USEPA OPPTS 835.3110 er en tilfeldig klassifisering av kjemikalier som har passert visse spesifiserte screeningtester for endelig biodegraderbarhet. Readily biodegradable as defined by USEPA OPPTS 835.3110 is a random classification of chemicals that have passed certain specified screening tests for ultimate biodegradability.
Disse testene er så strenge at det er antatt at slike forbindelser vil hurtig og fullstendig biodegraderes i vandige omgivelser under aerobe forhold. These tests are so rigorous that it is assumed that such compounds will rapidly and completely biodegrade in aqueous environments under aerobic conditions.
Endelig biodegraderbarhet som definert ved USEPA OPPTS 835.3100 er nedbrytning av en organisk forbindelse til CO2, vann, oksider eller mineralsalter av andre elementer, og/eller til produkter assosiert med normale metabolske prosesser i mikroorganismer. Ultimate biodegradability as defined by USEPA OPPTS 835.3100 is the breakdown of an organic compound to CO2, water, oxides or mineral salts of other elements, and/or to products associated with normal metabolic processes in microorganisms.
Sammensetningene av dielektrisk fluid med vegetabilsk olje beskrevet over bør fortrinnsvis formuleres slik at de er essensielt fri for GMO-materiale, som betyr at sammensetningen ikke inkluderer mer enn ca. 5 vekt% GMO-materiale. Enda mer fordelaktig bør sammensetningen være hovedsakelig fri for GMO-materiale (ikke mer enn ca. 1 vekt% GMO), og mest fortrinnsvis fullstendig fri for GMO-materiale, som betyr at intet GMO-materiale er tilstede i sammensetningen unntagen som urenheter. I den foreliggende søknad ekskluderes det hovedsakelig ikke fullstendig, f.eks. at en sammensetning som er hovedsakelig fri for GMO-materiale kan være fullstendig fri for GMO-materiale. Når det er nødvendig kan ordet hovedsakelig fjernes fra definisjonen av oppfinnelsen. The compositions of dielectric fluid with vegetable oil described above should preferably be formulated so that they are essentially free of GMO material, which means that the composition does not include more than approx. 5% by weight GMO material. Even more advantageously, the composition should be substantially free of GMO material (no more than about 1% by weight GMO), and most preferably completely free of GMO material, meaning that no GMO material is present in the composition except as impurities. In the present application, it is mainly not completely excluded, e.g. that a composition which is essentially free of GMO material may be completely free of GMO material. When necessary, the word may be substantially removed from the definition of the invention.
Sammensetningene av dielektrisk fluid med vegetabilsk olje beskrevet over kan fremstilles ved å ta kommersielt tilgjengelig raffinert, bleket og luktfri (RBD) vegetabilske oljer og behandle oljene for p fjerne urenheter og forbedre elektriske egenskaper. RBD-oljene blir typisk behandlet ved å fjerne fuktighet og omrøring med et absorberende middel, så som en aktivert leire, for å fjerne urenheter, som kan være ødeleggende for de dielektriske egenskapene til oljene. I tillegg til eller istedenfor leirebehandlingstrinnet kan RBD-oljer oppvarmes og/eller filtreres for å fjerne partikler, mikroorganismer og liknende. The vegetable oil dielectric fluid compositions described above can be prepared by taking commercially available refined, bleached and deodorized (RBD) vegetable oils and treating the oils to remove impurities and improve electrical properties. The RBD oils are typically treated by removing moisture and stirring with an absorbent, such as an activated clay, to remove impurities that can be detrimental to the dielectric properties of the oils. In addition to or instead of the clay treatment step, RBD oils can be heated and/or filtered to remove particles, microorganisms and the like.
Fortrinnsvis blir RBD-oljene behandlet ved å tilsette ca. 10 vekt% oppvarmet leire (170°C) til den oppvarmede olje under omrøring. Oljen ble deretter filtrert for å fjerne leirepartikler som inneholder de absorberende kontaminanter etterfulgt av vakuumprosessering til mindre enn ca. 10 torr. Preferably, the RBD oils are treated by adding approx. 10% by weight of heated clay (170°C) to the heated oil while stirring. The oil was then filtered to remove clay particles containing the absorbent contaminants followed by vacuum processing to less than approx. 10 torr.
Typisk ved å følge disse eller lignende behandlingstrinn inneholder foretrukne prosesserte oljer maksimalt ca. 200 ppm vann, mer fortrinnsvis maksimalt ca. 100 ppm vann. Typically by following these or similar processing steps, preferred processed oils contain a maximum of approx. 200 ppm water, more preferably a maximum of approx. 100 ppm water.
Etter trinnene for å fjerne urenheter kan de prosesserte oljer anvendes alene som dielektriske fluider i elektriske apparater. Før anvendelse er imidlertid oljene typisk blandet med tilsetninger beskrevet ovenfor, f.eks. antioksidanter, midler til nedsettelse av hellepunktet, fargemidler og liknende. De prosesserte oljene kan ytterligere blandes med ytterligere vegetabilske oljer, syntetiske estere, syntetiske eller mineraloljeavledede oljer og liknende for å skreddersy deres egenskaper for en spesiell anvendelse. After the steps to remove impurities, the processed oils can be used alone as dielectric fluids in electrical appliances. Before use, however, the oils are typically mixed with additives described above, e.g. antioxidants, agents for lowering the pour point, coloring agents and the like. The processed oils may be further blended with additional vegetable oils, synthetic esters, synthetic or mineral oil derived oils and the like to tailor their properties for a particular application.
I en annen utforming er foreliggende beskrivelse rettet på elektriske apparater som har i seg en sammensetning av dielektrisk fluid inkludert minst én RBD vegetabilsk olje som beskrevet over og en antioksidant. Sammensetningen med dielektrisk fluid har et hellepunkt på ca. -20°C, fortrinnsvis mindre enn ca. -25°C, som målt i henhold til én av ASTM D97 eller ASTM D5950.1 tillegg til antioksidanten kan sammensetningen av dielektrisk fluid i det elektriske apparatet ytterligere inkludere enhver av tilsetningene beskrevet over, inkludert f.eks. midler for nedsettelse av hellepunktet, ytterligere vegetabilske oljer, syntetiske estere, mineraloljer, polyalfaolefiner og liknende. In another embodiment, the present description is directed to electrical devices which have in them a composition of dielectric fluid including at least one RBD vegetable oil as described above and an antioxidant. The composition with dielectric fluid has a pour point of approx. -20°C, preferably less than approx. -25°C, as measured according to one of ASTM D97 or ASTM D5950.1 addition to the antioxidant, the composition of dielectric fluid in the electrical apparatus may further include any of the additives described above, including e.g. agents for lowering the pour point, additional vegetable oils, synthetic esters, mineral oils, polyalphaolefins and the like.
Sammensetningen av dielektrisk fluid med vegetabilsk olje kan inkorporeres i ethvert elektrisk utstyr eller apparat inkludert men ikke begrenset til transformatorer, koblingsanlegg, regulatorer og gjeninnkoblingsanordninger. The vegetable oil dielectric fluid composition may be incorporated into any electrical equipment or apparatus including but not limited to transformers, switchgear, regulators and reclosers.
F.eks. ved å referere til fig. 1 inkluderer en transformator 10 et tanklegeme 12 som innelukker en transformatorkjernespolemontasje og vindinger 15. Kjernespolemontasjen og vindingene 15 er minst delvis nedsenket i et dielektrisk fluid 18. Rommet mellom en overflate av fluidet 18 og tanklegemet 12, referert til som tomrommet 20, kan eventuelt inkludere en oksygenpermeabel beholder 24 som huser en oksidasjonsreduserende sammensetning 22 slik som de beskrevet i US 2005/0040375. F.eks. er en ferdigpakket oksygenkonsumerende forbindelse, tilgjengelig kommersielt under Ageless og Freshmax handelsnavn, og som kan pakkes i en sekk konstruert av oksygenpermeabel polymerfilm, en polyesterfilt eller cellulosepapp. Tanklegemet 12 kan også inkludere eventuelle trekk så som en gjenget plugg 28 med en innsynsport 30, og en trykkfrigjøringsanordning 40. E.g. by referring to fig. 1, a transformer 10 includes a tank body 12 that encloses a transformer core coil assembly and windings 15. The core coil assembly and windings 15 are at least partially immersed in a dielectric fluid 18. The space between a surface of the fluid 18 and the tank body 12, referred to as the void 20, may optionally include an oxygen permeable container 24 housing an oxidation reducing composition 22 such as those described in US 2005/0040375. E.g. is a prepackaged oxygen-consuming compound, available commercially under the Ageless and Freshmax trade names, which can be packaged in a sack constructed of oxygen-permeable polymer film, a polyester felt, or cellulose paperboard. The tank body 12 can also include any features such as a threaded plug 28 with an inspection port 30, and a pressure release device 40.
Sammensetningene av dielektrisk fluid blir fortrinnsvis innført i det elektriske apparatet på en måte som minimaliserer eksponering av fluidet til atmosfærisk oksygen, fuktighet og andre kontaminanter som kunne påvirke deres yteevne negativt. En foretrukket prosess inkluderer tørking av tankinnholdene, evakuering og substitusjon av luft med tørr nitrogengass, fylling under delvis vakuum og øyeblikkelig forsegling av tanken. Hvis den elektriske anordning krever et tomrom mellom det dielektriske fluidet og tankdekselet, kan etter fylling og forsegling av tanken gassen i tomrommet evakueres og substitueres med en inertgass, så som tørr nitrogen. The dielectric fluid compositions are preferably introduced into the electrical apparatus in a manner that minimizes exposure of the fluid to atmospheric oxygen, moisture and other contaminants that could adversely affect their performance. A preferred process includes drying the tank contents, evacuating and substituting air with dry nitrogen gas, filling under partial vacuum, and immediately sealing the tank. If the electrical device requires a void between the dielectric fluid and the tank cover, after filling and sealing the tank, the gas in the void can be evacuated and substituted with an inert gas, such as dry nitrogen.
Elektriske transformatorer og koblingsanlegg er typisk konstruert ved å senke kjernene og vindingene og annet elektrisk utstyr ned i et dielektrisk fluid og lukke de nedsenkede komponentene i et forseglet hus eller tank. Vindingene i større utstyr blir også hyppig pakket med et cellulose- eller papirmateriale. Sammensetningene av dielektrisk fluid med vegetabilsk olje beskrevet heri kan også anvendes til å beskytte og utvide den nyttige tjenestetiden til cellulosekjeder av papirinsulerende materiale. Mens man ikke ønsker å være bundet til noen teori indikerer foreliggende tilgjengelige bevis at de dielektriske fluidene med vegetabilsk olje absorberer vann fra papiret, som forhindrer papiret fra hydrolyttisk degradering, og tilveiebringer langkjedede fettsyrer som transesterifiserer cellulosen og ytterligere reduserer papirnedbrytning, spesielt ved høyere operative temperaturer for utstyret. Electrical transformers and switchgear are typically constructed by immersing the cores and windings and other electrical equipment in a dielectric fluid and enclosing the immersed components in a sealed housing or tank. The windings in larger equipment are also frequently wrapped with a cellulose or paper material. The compositions of dielectric fluid with vegetable oil described herein can also be used to protect and extend the useful life of cellulosic chains of paper insulating material. While not wishing to be bound by any theory, currently available evidence indicates that the vegetable oil dielectric fluids absorb water from the paper, which prevents the paper from hydrolytic degradation, and provides long-chain fatty acids that transesterify the cellulose and further reduce paper degradation, especially at higher operating temperatures for the equipment.
Sammensetningene av dielektriske fluider med vegetabilsk olje kan også anvendes til å tilbakefylle eksisterende elektrisk utstyr som inkorporerer andre, mindre ønskelige elektriske fluider. Tilbakefylling av eksisterende utstyr kan utføres ved å bruke enhver egnet metode kjent på området, skjønt på grunn av den økte sensitiviteten til fluider med vegetabilsk olje for fuktighet, kan komponentene i det elektriske utstyret eventuelt tørkes før innføring av det vegetabilsk olje baserte dielektriske fluid. Dette kan være særlig nyttig hvis utstyret inkluderer cellulose eller papirinnpakking, som kan absorbere fuktighet over tid. På grunn av den relativt høye løseligheten av vann i vegetabilske oljer kan en vegetabilsk oljefluid i seg selv anvendes til å tørke ut eksisterende elektrisk utstyr. The compositions of dielectric fluids with vegetable oil can also be used to backfill existing electrical equipment incorporating other, less desirable electrical fluids. Backfilling of existing equipment can be carried out using any suitable method known in the art, although due to the increased sensitivity of vegetable oil fluids to moisture, the components of the electrical equipment may be dried prior to introduction of the vegetable oil based dielectric fluid. This can be particularly useful if the equipment includes cellulose or paper packaging, which can absorb moisture over time. Due to the relatively high solubility of water in vegetable oils, a vegetable oil fluid in itself can be used to dry out existing electrical equipment.
EKSEMPLEREXAMPLES
Eksempel 1Example 1
Tre forskjellige prøver av RBD europeisk rapsfrøolje som representerer minst tre forskjellige avlingsår ble oppnådd og testet. Oljene ble oppnådd fra et raffineri i Antwerpen, Belgia, som hadde rapsfrø fra de foretrukne typer av slektene og artene Brassica Juneca og Brassica Campestris. Three different samples of RBD European rapeseed oil representing at least three different crop years were obtained and tested. The oils were obtained from a refinery in Antwerp, Belgium, which had rapeseed of the preferred types of the genera and species Brassica Juneca and Brassica Campestris.
Resultatene er vist i tabell 1 nedenfor.The results are shown in Table 1 below.
Eksempel 2 Example 2
Hellepunktene for følgende fluider ble målt i henhold til ASTM D97 og ASTM D5950, og resultatene er vist i tabell 2. The pour points of the following fluids were measured according to ASTM D97 and ASTM D5950, and the results are shown in Table 2.
Eksempel 3 Example 3
Prøvene med europeisk soyabønneolje og europeisk rapsfrøolje ble oppnådd for analyse. Rapsfrøoljen var Cargill Agri-Pure 60 fra Antwerpen, Belgia, og inkluderte de foretrukne typer av slektene og artene Brassica Juneca og Brassica Campestris. Som mottatt hadde RBD soyabønneolje et hellepunkt på ca. -10 til ca. -16°C i henhold til ASTM D5950, mens RBD rapsfrøoljen hadde et hellepunkt på -26°C. The samples of European soybean oil and European rapeseed oil were obtained for analysis. The rapeseed oil was Cargill Agri-Pure 60 from Antwerp, Belgium and included the preferred types of the genera and species Brassica Juneca and Brassica Campestris. As received, RBD soybean oil had a pour point of approx. -10 to approx. -16°C according to ASTM D5950, while the RBD rapeseed oil had a pour point of -26°C.
Egenskapene til oljene er vist i tabell 3 nedenfor.The properties of the oils are shown in table 3 below.
De prosesserte oljer ble deretter blandet med tilsetninger for å forsterke deres yteevne som elektrisk insulerende fluider. De prosesserte oljer blir blandet med 0,40 vekt% BHT antioksidant, og 1,0 vekt% av et hellepunktnedsettende middel, Viscoplex 10-310, tilgjengelig fra Rohmax, Philadelphia, PA. The processed oils were then mixed with additives to enhance their performance as electrically insulating fluids. The processed oils are blended with 0.40 wt% BHT antioxidant, and 1.0 wt% of a pour point depressant, Viscoplex 10-310, available from Rohmax, Philadelphia, PA.
Egenskapene til de resulterende blandinger er vist i tabell 5 nedenfor.The properties of the resulting mixtures are shown in Table 5 below.
Eksempel 4 Example 4
Euro rapsfrøoljen fra eksempel 2 ble blandet med forskjellige syntetiske estere som vist i tabell 6 nedenfor. The Euro rapeseed oil from Example 2 was blended with various synthetic esters as shown in Table 6 below.
I tabell 6 refererer soyabønneolje seg til et soyabønneavledet dielektrisk fluid tilgjengelig fra Cooper Power Systems, Waukesha, WI, under handelsbetegnelsen Envirotemp FR3 fluid. In Table 6, soybean oil refers to a soybean-derived dielectric fluid available from Cooper Power Systems, Waukesha, WI, under the trade name Envirotemp FR3 fluid.
Alle blandinger i tabell 6 inneholder opptil 1,0 vekt% hellepunktnedsettende middel (Viscoplex 10-310, tilgjengelig fra Rohmax), og opptil 0,4 vekt% antioksidant i vegetabilsk olje. All compositions in Table 6 contain up to 1.0 wt% pour point depressant (Viscoplex 10-310, available from Rohmax), and up to 0.4 wt% antioxidant in vegetable oil.
Cl og C2 representerer sammenligningseksempler.Cl and C2 represent comparative examples.
E200 *= syntetisk pentaeritritolester med C7-C9-grupper tilgjengelig fra hatco Chemical Co. under handelsbetegnelsen Hatco 5005 E200 *= synthetic pentaerythritol ester with C7-C9 groups available from hatco Chemical Co. under the trade name Hatco 5005
EXP 1906 = syntetisk ester med C8-C10-grupper tilgjengelige fra Hatco Chemical Co. under handelsbetegnelsen Hatco 2938. EXP 1906 = synthetic ester with C8-C10 groups available from Hatco Chemical Co. under the trade name Hatco 2938.
Eksempel C2 sammenlignet med eksempler 3-2 og 3-4 viser den forbedrede kuldetemperaturyteevnen til euro-rapsfrøfluid sammenlignet meden soyabønneoljebasert fluid. Example C2 compared to Examples 3-2 and 3-4 shows the improved cold temperature performance of Euro rapeseed fluid compared to soybean oil based fluid.
Eksempel 5Example 5
100 % euro-rapsfrøolje fira eksempel 2 ble blandet med tilsetninger og testet for å bestemme viskositeten over utvidede tidsperioder ved lav temperatur. Likeledes ble testen også utført på soyabønneoljeavledet dielektrisk fluid tilgjengelig fra Cooper Power Systems, Waukesha, Wl, under handelsbetegnelsen Envirotemp FR3 fluid. Resultatene er vist i fig. 2. 100% Euro rapeseed oil from Example 2 was blended with additives and tested to determine viscosity over extended periods of time at low temperature. Likewise, the test was also performed on soybean oil derived dielectric fluid available from Cooper Power Systems, Waukesha, Wl, under the trade name Envirotemp FR3 fluid. The results are shown in fig. 2.
Resultatene i fig. 2 viser at, når det innføres i elektrisk kraftutstyr, opprettholder de hovedsakelig biobaserte og biodegraderbare formuleringer i henhold til den foreliggende beskrevne sammensetningen av dielektrisk fluid en relativt konstant viskositet for en utvidet tidsperiode sammenlignet med en konvensjonell vegetabilsk olje. The results in fig. 2 shows that, when introduced into electrical power equipment, the predominantly bio-based and biodegradable formulations according to the present described composition of dielectric fluid maintain a relatively constant viscosity for an extended period of time compared to a conventional vegetable oil.
Forskjellige utforminger av oppfinnelsen er blitt beskrevet. Disse og andre utforminger er innenfor området til de følgende vedlagte krav. Various designs of the invention have been described. These and other designs are within the scope of the following attached requirements.
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US11/804,306 US8801975B2 (en) | 2007-05-17 | 2007-05-17 | Vegetable oil dielectric fluid composition |
EP07108428A EP1995301A1 (en) | 2007-05-17 | 2007-05-17 | Vegetable oil dielectric fluid composition |
PCT/US2008/006081 WO2008143830A1 (en) | 2007-05-17 | 2008-05-13 | Vegetable oil dielectric fluid composition |
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US8945908B2 (en) | 2012-04-18 | 2015-02-03 | Solazyme, Inc. | Tailored oils |
JP2015536549A (en) * | 2012-11-13 | 2015-12-21 | イー・アイ・デュポン・ドウ・ヌムール・アンド・カンパニーE.I.Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Blended oil compositions useful as dielectric fluid compositions and methods for their preparation |
EP2853801A1 (en) * | 2013-09-26 | 2015-04-01 | M-I Finland Oy | Drag reducing agent composition, process for its preparation and method for reducing drag |
EP2853802A1 (en) * | 2013-09-26 | 2015-04-01 | M-I Finland Oy | Flow improver aid composition, process for its preparation and methods of using it |
WO2016007862A2 (en) | 2014-07-10 | 2016-01-14 | Solazyme, Inc. | Novel ketoacyl acp synthase genes and uses thereof |
CN104134519B (en) * | 2014-07-15 | 2016-08-24 | 国家电网公司 | A kind of environment-friendly type oil immersion-type distribution transformer based on high burning-point vegetable oil |
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FI66899C (en) * | 1983-02-11 | 1984-12-10 | Kasvisoeljy Vaextolje Ab Oy | SMOERJMEDEL MED TRIGLYCERIDER SOM HUVUDKONPONENT |
DE3927155A1 (en) * | 1989-08-17 | 1991-02-21 | Henkel Kgaa | ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY BASIC OIL FOR THE FORMULATION OF HYDRAULIC OILS |
US5169669A (en) * | 1991-09-25 | 1992-12-08 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Cooking oils |
AU692791B2 (en) * | 1993-10-12 | 1998-06-18 | Agrigenetics, Inc. | Brassica napus variety AG019 |
US5949017A (en) * | 1996-06-18 | 1999-09-07 | Abb Power T&D Company Inc. | Electrical transformers containing electrical insulation fluids comprising high oleic acid oil compositions |
US6340658B1 (en) * | 1998-05-11 | 2002-01-22 | Wavely Light And Power | Vegetable-based transformer oil and transmission line fluid |
US6534454B1 (en) * | 2000-06-28 | 2003-03-18 | Renewable Lubricants, Inc. | Biodegradable vegetable oil compositions |
-
2008
- 2008-05-13 CA CA2786816A patent/CA2786816C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-05-13 CN CN200880016112A patent/CN101688149A/en active Pending
- 2008-05-13 CA CA2683310A patent/CA2683310C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-05-13 KR KR1020097026415A patent/KR20100022473A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2008-05-13 WO PCT/US2008/006081 patent/WO2008143830A1/en active Application Filing
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2009
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CA2786816C (en) | 2014-12-23 |
CN101688149A (en) | 2010-03-31 |
CA2683310A1 (en) | 2008-11-27 |
CA2683310C (en) | 2012-10-23 |
CA2786816A1 (en) | 2008-11-27 |
WO2008143830A1 (en) | 2008-11-27 |
KR20100022473A (en) | 2010-03-02 |
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