CA2683310C - Vegetable oil dielectric fluid composition - Google Patents
Vegetable oil dielectric fluid composition Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2683310C CA2683310C CA2683310A CA2683310A CA2683310C CA 2683310 C CA2683310 C CA 2683310C CA 2683310 A CA2683310 A CA 2683310A CA 2683310 A CA2683310 A CA 2683310A CA 2683310 C CA2683310 C CA 2683310C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- dielectric fluid
- electrical device
- fluid composition
- vegetable oil
- pour point
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 119
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 103
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 24
- 235000006708 antioxidants Nutrition 0.000 claims description 18
- 235000019484 Rapeseed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 17
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000000994 depressogenic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004322 Butylated hydroxytoluene Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylhydroxytoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000010354 butylated hydroxytoluene Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940095259 butylated hydroxytoluene Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019282 butylated hydroxyanisole Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-IEOSBIPESA-N α-tocopherol Chemical compound OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2O[C@@](CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-IEOSBIPESA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WGVKWNUPNGFDFJ-DQCZWYHMSA-N β-tocopherol Chemical compound OC1=CC(C)=C2O[C@@](CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C WGVKWNUPNGFDFJ-DQCZWYHMSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- GZIFEOYASATJEH-VHFRWLAGSA-N δ-tocopherol Chemical compound OC1=CC(C)=C2O[C@@](CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1 GZIFEOYASATJEH-VHFRWLAGSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 244000020518 Carthamus tinctorius Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000003255 Carthamus tinctorius Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000003901 Crambe Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000220246 Crambe <angiosperm> Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000001689 Cyanthillium cinereum Species 0.000 claims description 2
- GZIFEOYASATJEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-delta tocopherol Natural products OC1=CC(C)=C2OC(CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1 GZIFEOYASATJEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000020551 Helianthus annuus Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000003222 Helianthus annuus Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000007817 Olea europaea Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012343 cottonseed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010389 delta-tocopherol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002076 α-tocopherol Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000004835 α-tocopherol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000007680 β-tocopherol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011590 β-tocopherol Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002446 δ-tocopherol Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003289 ascorbyl group Chemical group [H]O[C@@]([H])(C([H])([H])O*)[C@@]1([H])OC(=O)C(O*)=C1O* 0.000 claims 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 34
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 34
- -1 Alkyl methacrylates Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 description 12
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 10
- 235000011331 Brassica Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 241000219198 Brassica Species 0.000 description 9
- 241001301148 Brassica rapa subsp. oleifera Species 0.000 description 9
- 235000005637 Brassica campestris Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920013639 polyalphaolefin Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 240000002791 Brassica napus Species 0.000 description 5
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 5
- GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N (±)-α-Tocopherol Chemical compound OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2OC(CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000004334 sorbic acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000011293 Brassica napus Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000004255 Butylated hydroxyanisole Substances 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 3
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- BGNXCDMCOKJUMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butylhydroquinone Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(O)=CC=C1O BGNXCDMCOKJUMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000845 anti-microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 3
- CZBZUDVBLSSABA-UHFFFAOYSA-N butylated hydroxyanisole Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1.COC1=CC=C(O)C=C1C(C)(C)C CZBZUDVBLSSABA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229940043253 butylated hydroxyanisole Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 3
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000010199 sorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000004977 Brassica sinapistrum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011786 L-ascorbyl-6-palmitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- QAQJMLQRFWZOBN-LAUBAEHRSA-N L-ascorbyl-6-palmitate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O QAQJMLQRFWZOBN-LAUBAEHRSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZTHYODDOHIVTJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propyl gallate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 ZTHYODDOHIVTJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930003427 Vitamin E Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 235000010385 ascorbyl palmitate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-tocopherol Natural products CC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC1CCC2C(C)C(O)C(C)C(C)C2O1 WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004250 tert-Butylhydroquinone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019281 tert-butylhydroquinone Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000019165 vitamin E Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011709 vitamin E Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940046009 vitamin E Drugs 0.000 description 2
- HMUNWXXNJPVALC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[4-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl]-2-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)ethanone Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)N1CCN(CC1)C(CN1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2)=O HMUNWXXNJPVALC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CHHHXKFHOYLYRE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 2,4-Hexadienoic acid, potassium salt (1:1), (2E,4E)- Chemical compound [K+].CC=CC=CC([O-])=O CHHHXKFHOYLYRE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- LDXJRKWFNNFDSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)-1-[4-[2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidin-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl]ethanone Chemical compound C1CN(CC2=NNN=C21)CC(=O)N3CCN(CC3)C4=CN=C(N=C4)NCC5=CC(=CC=C5)OC(F)(F)F LDXJRKWFNNFDSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TXBCBTDQIULDIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[[3-hydroxy-2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propoxy]methyl]-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)COCC(CO)(CO)CO TXBCBTDQIULDIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004606 Fillers/Extenders Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000390166 Physaria Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000019486 Sunflower oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000700605 Viruses Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009874 alkali refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004599 antimicrobial Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019463 artificial additive Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OGBUMNBNEWYMNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N batilol Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOCC(O)CO OGBUMNBNEWYMNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013533 biodegradable additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003240 coconut oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019864 coconut oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004332 deodorization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000539 dimer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- BEFDCLMNVWHSGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenylcyclopentane Chemical compound C=CC1CCCC1 BEFDCLMNVWHSGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009969 flowable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013373 food additive Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002778 food additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004668 long chain fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HWYHZTIRURJOHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N luminol Chemical compound O=C1NNC(=O)C2=C1C(N)=CC=C2 HWYHZTIRURJOHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentyl glycol Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)CO SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002530 phenolic antioxidant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010241 potassium sorbate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004302 potassium sorbate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940069338 potassium sorbate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010388 propyl gallate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000473 propyl gallate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940075579 propyl gallate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940058206 rosemary oil Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000010668 rosemary oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002000 scavenging effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940075582 sorbic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000007655 standard test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002600 sunflower oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- UEUXEKPTXMALOB-UHFFFAOYSA-J tetrasodium;2-[2-[bis(carboxylatomethyl)amino]ethyl-(carboxylatomethyl)amino]acetate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CN(CC([O-])=O)CCN(CC([O-])=O)CC([O-])=O UEUXEKPTXMALOB-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013638 trimer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009489 vacuum treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B5/00—Preserving by using additives, e.g. anti-oxidants
- C11B5/0021—Preserving by using additives, e.g. anti-oxidants containing oxygen
- C11B5/0035—Phenols; Their halogenated and aminated derivates, their salts, their esters with carboxylic acids
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23D—EDIBLE OILS OR FATS, e.g. MARGARINES, SHORTENINGS, COOKING OILS
- A23D9/00—Other edible oils or fats, e.g. shortenings, cooking oils
- A23D9/007—Other edible oils or fats, e.g. shortenings, cooking oils characterised by ingredients other than fatty acid triglycerides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M101/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a mineral or fatty oil
- C10M101/04—Fatty oil fractions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
- C11B3/10—Refining fats or fatty oils by adsorption
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B5/00—Preserving by using additives, e.g. anti-oxidants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B5/00—Preserving by using additives, e.g. anti-oxidants
- C11B5/0007—Organic substances
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
- H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
- H01B3/20—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances liquids, e.g. oils
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
- H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
- H01B3/20—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances liquids, e.g. oils
- H01B3/22—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances liquids, e.g. oils hydrocarbons
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
- C10M2203/102—Aliphatic fractions
- C10M2203/1025—Aliphatic fractions used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
- C10M2203/106—Naphthenic fractions
- C10M2203/1065—Naphthenic fractions used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
- C10M2205/028—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms
- C10M2205/0285—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
- C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
- C10M2207/026—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings with tertiary alkyl groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/04—Ethers; Acetals; Ortho-esters; Ortho-carbonates
- C10M2207/046—Hydroxy ethers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/283—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/283—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
- C10M2207/2835—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/287—Partial esters
- C10M2207/289—Partial esters containing free hydroxy groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/287—Partial esters
- C10M2207/289—Partial esters containing free hydroxy groups
- C10M2207/2895—Partial esters containing free hydroxy groups used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/40—Fatty vegetable or animal oils
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/40—Fatty vegetable or animal oils
- C10M2207/401—Fatty vegetable or animal oils used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type
- C10M2209/084—Acrylate; Methacrylate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
- C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
- C10N2020/011—Cloud point
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/02—Pour-point; Viscosity index
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/08—Resistance to extreme temperature
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/10—Inhibition of oxidation, e.g. anti-oxidants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/40—Low content or no content compositions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/64—Environmental friendly compositions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/14—Electric or magnetic purposes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/14—Electric or magnetic purposes
- C10N2040/16—Dielectric; Insulating oil or insulators
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2070/00—Specific manufacturing methods for lubricant compositions
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Organic Insulating Materials (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
- Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
Abstract
An electncal device having therein a dielectric fluid composition, wherein the dielectric fluid composition includes at least one refined, bleached and deodorized vegetable oil and at least one antioxidant, wherein the dielectric fluid composition has a pour point of less than about -20 0C as measured according to either of ASTM
D97 or ASTM D5950.
D97 or ASTM D5950.
Description
VEGETABLE OIL DIELECTRIC FLUID COMPOSITION
TECHNICAL FIELD
100011 The present disclosure relates to dielectric fluids for use in electrical apparatus.
BACKGROUND
100021 Dielectric (or insulating) fluid compositions used in electrical distribution and power equipment act as an electrical insulating medium, i.e., exhibit dielectric strength, and they transport generated heat away from the equipment, i.e., act as a cooling medium., When used in a transformer, for example, dielectric fluids transport heat from the windings and core of the transformer or connected circuits to cooling surfaces.
[00031 Liquid filled electrical apparatus used in certain climates may require a dielectric fluid composition that maintains its electrical and physical properties, particularly pourability, for extended periods at low temperatures. This pourability requirement has limited the range of applications for vegetable oil based dielectric fluid compositions, which typically have pour points above about -10 C.
SUMMARY
100041 Since some electrical apparatus use large amounts of dielectric fluid, and the dielectric fluid may remain in the apparatus for extended periods of time, there is a possibility that, during the service life of the apparatus, the dielectric fluid may be introduced into the environment. To create a dielectric fluid with improved low temperature performance, a vegetable oil base fluid may be blended with petroleum based mineral oils or silicones, or formulated with significant amounts of non-biologically based synthetic additives. However, in many cases these additives are expensive, toxic and/or non-biodegradable, and accidental spillage or leakage from the electrical apparatus could damage the surrounding environment.
(00051 In one embodiment, this disclosure is directed to a dielectric fluid composition including at least one refined, bleached and deodorized (R.BD) vegetable oil. The RBD vegetable oil has a sufficiently low pour point (less than about -20 C, preferably less than about -25 C, as measured according to either of ASTM D97 or ASTM D5950) to make the composition well suited for use in electrical apparatus, particularly in cold climates. Such RBD vegetable oils may be used in the compositions, dielectric fluid compositions and methods according to the other aspects of this invention recited herein.
100061 In one aspect, the present disclosure is directed to a composition consisting of at least one vegetable oil and at least one antioxidant, wherein the composition has a pour point of less than about -20 C as measured according to either of ASTM D97 or ASTM D5950.
100071 In another aspect, the present disclosure is directed to a composition consisting of at least one vegetable oil, at least one antioxidant, and at least one pour point depressant, wherein the composition has a pour point of less than about -30 C as measured according to either of ASTM D97 or ASTM D5950.
[00081 In yet another aspect, the present disclosure is directed to a dielectric fluid composition including at least one rapeseed oil selected from Brassica Juneca, Brassica Campestris and combinations thereof; and a synthetic ester.
[00091 The dielectric fluid compositions may be used in an electrical device such as, for example, transformers, switchgear, regulators and reclosers.
[00101 In yet anther aspect, the present disclosure is directed to a method of making a dielectric fluid, including providing at least one refined, bleached and deodorized rapeseed oil with a pour point of less than about -20 C as measured by at least one of ASTM D97 and ASTM D5950; treating the rapeseed oil with clay;
and filtering the rapeseed oil to produce a processed rapeseed oil.
[00111 The dielectric fluid compositions described herein have excellent electrical properties, even when formulated with a minimal amount of non-biologically based compounds. In some embodiments, the dielectric fluid composition qualifies as at least one of: (1) readily biodegradable as defined by USEPA
OPPTS
835.3110; (2) ultimately biodegradable as defined by USEPA OPPTS 835.3100;
and (3) biodegradable as measured by method OECD 301. The excellent low temperature performance of the vegetable oil dielectric fluid compositions, as well as their environmentally safe and bio-based nature, allows use of the fluids in apparatus and in climatic areas in which vegetable oil based fluids have not been previously employed. Since many components of the vegetable oil dielectric fluid compositions are derived from renewable, seed-based resources, the fluids may be produced easily and at a reasonable cost.
[0012] The details of one or more embodiments of the invention are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features, objects, and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the description and drawings, and from the claims.
[0012a] In one embodiment, the invention relates to an electrical device having therein a dielectric fluid composition, wherein the dielectric fluid composition comprises at least one refined, bleached and deodorized non-GMO Northern European winter rapeseed oil and at least one antioxidant, wherein the dielectric fluid composition has a pour point of less than -20 C as measured according to either of ASTM D97 or ASTM D5950, and wherein the electrical device is selected from the group consisting of a transformer, a switchgear, a regulator and a recloser.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0013] FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a transformer including a vegetable oil dielectric fluid composition.
[0014] FIG. 2 is a plot showing the viscosity of dielectric fluids over time at temperatures of -10 C and -20 C.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0015] This disclosure is directed to dielectric fluid compositions including at least one refined, bleached and deodorized (RBD) vegetable oil. The RBD vegetable oil has a pour point of less than about -20 C, preferably less than about -25 C, as measured according to either of ASTM D97 or ASTM D5950. This low pour point makes the dielectric fluid compositions including the RBD vegetable oil well suited for use in electrical apparatus, particularly in cold climates.
TECHNICAL FIELD
100011 The present disclosure relates to dielectric fluids for use in electrical apparatus.
BACKGROUND
100021 Dielectric (or insulating) fluid compositions used in electrical distribution and power equipment act as an electrical insulating medium, i.e., exhibit dielectric strength, and they transport generated heat away from the equipment, i.e., act as a cooling medium., When used in a transformer, for example, dielectric fluids transport heat from the windings and core of the transformer or connected circuits to cooling surfaces.
[00031 Liquid filled electrical apparatus used in certain climates may require a dielectric fluid composition that maintains its electrical and physical properties, particularly pourability, for extended periods at low temperatures. This pourability requirement has limited the range of applications for vegetable oil based dielectric fluid compositions, which typically have pour points above about -10 C.
SUMMARY
100041 Since some electrical apparatus use large amounts of dielectric fluid, and the dielectric fluid may remain in the apparatus for extended periods of time, there is a possibility that, during the service life of the apparatus, the dielectric fluid may be introduced into the environment. To create a dielectric fluid with improved low temperature performance, a vegetable oil base fluid may be blended with petroleum based mineral oils or silicones, or formulated with significant amounts of non-biologically based synthetic additives. However, in many cases these additives are expensive, toxic and/or non-biodegradable, and accidental spillage or leakage from the electrical apparatus could damage the surrounding environment.
(00051 In one embodiment, this disclosure is directed to a dielectric fluid composition including at least one refined, bleached and deodorized (R.BD) vegetable oil. The RBD vegetable oil has a sufficiently low pour point (less than about -20 C, preferably less than about -25 C, as measured according to either of ASTM D97 or ASTM D5950) to make the composition well suited for use in electrical apparatus, particularly in cold climates. Such RBD vegetable oils may be used in the compositions, dielectric fluid compositions and methods according to the other aspects of this invention recited herein.
100061 In one aspect, the present disclosure is directed to a composition consisting of at least one vegetable oil and at least one antioxidant, wherein the composition has a pour point of less than about -20 C as measured according to either of ASTM D97 or ASTM D5950.
100071 In another aspect, the present disclosure is directed to a composition consisting of at least one vegetable oil, at least one antioxidant, and at least one pour point depressant, wherein the composition has a pour point of less than about -30 C as measured according to either of ASTM D97 or ASTM D5950.
[00081 In yet another aspect, the present disclosure is directed to a dielectric fluid composition including at least one rapeseed oil selected from Brassica Juneca, Brassica Campestris and combinations thereof; and a synthetic ester.
[00091 The dielectric fluid compositions may be used in an electrical device such as, for example, transformers, switchgear, regulators and reclosers.
[00101 In yet anther aspect, the present disclosure is directed to a method of making a dielectric fluid, including providing at least one refined, bleached and deodorized rapeseed oil with a pour point of less than about -20 C as measured by at least one of ASTM D97 and ASTM D5950; treating the rapeseed oil with clay;
and filtering the rapeseed oil to produce a processed rapeseed oil.
[00111 The dielectric fluid compositions described herein have excellent electrical properties, even when formulated with a minimal amount of non-biologically based compounds. In some embodiments, the dielectric fluid composition qualifies as at least one of: (1) readily biodegradable as defined by USEPA
OPPTS
835.3110; (2) ultimately biodegradable as defined by USEPA OPPTS 835.3100;
and (3) biodegradable as measured by method OECD 301. The excellent low temperature performance of the vegetable oil dielectric fluid compositions, as well as their environmentally safe and bio-based nature, allows use of the fluids in apparatus and in climatic areas in which vegetable oil based fluids have not been previously employed. Since many components of the vegetable oil dielectric fluid compositions are derived from renewable, seed-based resources, the fluids may be produced easily and at a reasonable cost.
[0012] The details of one or more embodiments of the invention are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features, objects, and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the description and drawings, and from the claims.
[0012a] In one embodiment, the invention relates to an electrical device having therein a dielectric fluid composition, wherein the dielectric fluid composition comprises at least one refined, bleached and deodorized non-GMO Northern European winter rapeseed oil and at least one antioxidant, wherein the dielectric fluid composition has a pour point of less than -20 C as measured according to either of ASTM D97 or ASTM D5950, and wherein the electrical device is selected from the group consisting of a transformer, a switchgear, a regulator and a recloser.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0013] FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a transformer including a vegetable oil dielectric fluid composition.
[0014] FIG. 2 is a plot showing the viscosity of dielectric fluids over time at temperatures of -10 C and -20 C.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0015] This disclosure is directed to dielectric fluid compositions including at least one refined, bleached and deodorized (RBD) vegetable oil. The RBD vegetable oil has a pour point of less than about -20 C, preferably less than about -25 C, as measured according to either of ASTM D97 or ASTM D5950. This low pour point makes the dielectric fluid compositions including the RBD vegetable oil well suited for use in electrical apparatus, particularly in cold climates.
[0016] In one embodiment, this disclosure is directed to a dielectric fluid composition that consists of at least one RBD vegetable oil and an antioxidant. The dielectric fluid composition has a pour point less than about -20 C, preferably less than about -25 C.
[0017] The term RBD vegetable oil as used herein refers to crude vegetable oils that have been further processed at a vegetable oil refinery. Typically, to make a RBD
vegetable oil, crude vegetable oil is de-gummed after addition of water followed by alkali refining with a base such as NaOH, bleaching with clay and deodorization using vacuum steam stripping. Such RBD processing of oils is well known in the art.
The processing steps remove contaminants from the crude vegetable oils that would cause poor dielectric performance. Crude vegetable oils 3a also contain more waxy components that would cause less desirable cold temperature performance.
[0018] The pour point of the dielectric fluid composition may be measured by either of two different methods, ASTM D97 or ASTM D5950 (pour point measurements per the test methods herein may vary as much as 3 C). ASTM
D97, a manual technique, is an accepted standard test method for determination of pour point in the electrical equipment industry. However, automated equipment to measure pour point may in some cases provide improved speed and consistency per ASTM Method D5950. However, the D5950 method is not yet approved in the electrical industry, although the lubricating fluids industry has converted to and approved the D5950 automated method.
[00191 The vegetable oil is preferably obtained by processing naturally occurring (non-genetically modified, or non-GMO) seed stocks, but may also be obtained from genetically modified (GMO) seeds, or from blends of oils obtained from GMO and non-GMO seeds.
100201 One suitable vegetable oil for the dielectric fluid composition may be obtained by processing GMO rapeseed, non-GMO rapeseed, and combinations thereof. Preferred oils are obtained from seeds grown in northern European regions. Oils obtained from non-GMO "winter" rapeseeds grown in northern European climates have particularly low pour points, and are preferred for use in electrical apparatus operated in cold climates. Oils obtained from the seeds of Brassica Juneca and Brassica Campestris plants are particularly preferred, and suitable oils are available from Cargill, Inc., Minneapolis, MN, under the trade designation Agri-Pure 60 Rapeseed Oil.
100211 While not wishing to be bound by any theory, presently available evidence indicates that RBD oils obtained from northern European rapeseeds such as, for example. Brassica Juneca and Brassica Campestris seeds, have a fatty acid distribution that results in a pour point of less than about -20 C, preferably less than about -25 C, as measured according to either of ASTM D97 or ASTM
D5950. Other RBD rapeseed oils such as, for example, those available from North American seed stocks, exhibit a much higher pour point of about -10 to about -C. Compared to these North American oils, northern European rapeseed oils derived from Brassica Juneca and Brassica Campestris can provide a significant advantage in low temperature applications.
[0022] The Brassica Juneca and Brassica Campestris oils used in the dielectric fluid composition may be obtained from a single year's harvest, or oils from various cultivars may be blended to provide a vegetable oil dielectric fluid composition with the desired electrical, chemical and physical properties.
[0023] In addition to an exceptionally low pour point, dielectric fluid compositions including the preferred RBD Brassica Juneca and Brassica Campestris oils have excellent electrical properties after appropriate processing.
[0024] The dielectric fluid compositions preferably have a dielectric strength of at least about 55 kv, preferably greater than about 60 kV. The dielectric strength may be measured per ASTM method D1816 using a 0.08 inch (2 mm) gap between VDE electrodes. The determination of dielectric strength is well known in the art and is within the knowledge of the skilled person.
(0025] The dielectric fluid composition also preferably has a fire point greater than 300 C, as well as a flash point greater than about 275 C. Both fire point and flash point may be measured by ASTM D92. The determination of fire point is well known in the art and is within the knowledge of the skilled person.
[0026] The dielectric fluid composition also preferably has a dissipation factor (DF) at 25 C of less than about 0.1 %, and a dissipation factor at 100 C of less than about 4%. The dissipation factors may be measured using ASTM D924.
The determination of dissipation factor is well known in the art and is within the knowledge of the skilled person.
[0027] Other electrical, chemical and physical properties are set forth in Table 4 below.
[0028] To ensure that the dielectric fluid composition remains flowable at relatively low temperatures, the vegetable oil used in the composition should preferably have a kinematic viscosity between 2 and 15 cSt at 100 C and less than 110 cSt at 40 C. Preferably, the fluids used in the dielectric fluid composition have a kinematic viscosity between about 20 and about 50 cSt at 40 C.
[0029] A common method for measuring the kinematic viscosity at 40/100 C is ASTM D445, however, at cold temperatures of-10 C and -20 C and colder, a different technique may be used. The yield stress and viscosity were measured using a Cannon mini-rotary viscometer (MRV) per ASTM D3829. The MRV
operated as a concentric cylinder viscometer in which the yield stress is determined by observing the movement of the cylinder under different applied stress. For example, a 5 gram weight may be used to apply the yield stress and the viscosity may be determined by measuring the time to complete three revolutions. The time is multiplied by a constant, which depends on the cell used for the measurement, and the applied stress, to determine the dynamic viscosity in centipoise (cP).
The dynamic viscosity in cP is converted to kinematic viscosity in centistokes (cSt) by dividing the dynamic viscosity by the density of the fluid at the specific temperature of measurement. The determination of viscosities is well known in the art and is within the knowledge of the skilled person.
100301 For example, the density may be determined using a 250 ml volumetric flask with a 15 ml graduated cylinder for a neck. The internal volume was calibrated with water at a known temperature and mass prior to measuring the fluid. The densities of the fluids at temperature were calculated using the weight of the fluid with the measured volume.
100311 The vegetable oil dielectric fluid composition further includes one or more antioxidant compounds. Useful antioxidant compounds include, for example, BHA
(butylated hydroxyanisole), BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene), TBHQ (tertiary butylhydroquinone), THBP (tetrahydrobutrophenone), ascorbyl palmitate (rosemary oil), propyl gallate, and alpha-, beta- or delta-tocopherol (vitamin E).
[0032) The antioxidant compounds may be present in the dielectric fluid composition at less than about I wt%, preferably less than about 0.5 wt%, based on the total weight of the composition.
[00331 In addition to the preferred rapeseed oils such as Brassica Juneca and Brassica Campestris, any of the dielectric fluid compositions described herein may optionally include other vegetable oils as extenders or to modify its properties, including adjusting the pour point. Any commercially available seed oil may be used, and suitable additional vegetable oils include, for example, soybean, sunflower, crambe, corn, olive, cottonseed, safflower, vernonia, lesquerella and combinations thereof. Of these additional oils, soybean oil and sunflower oil are preferred.
[00341 The additional vegetable oils may be present or used in any amount, as long as their presence does not substantially degrade the physical, chemical and electrical properties of the composition.
(00351 In another embodiment, the vegetable oil dielectric fluid composition consists of at least one vegetable oil as described above, at least one antioxidant as described above, and at least one pour point depressant. A wide variety of compounds may be used as pour point depressants, and preferred pour point depressants include polyvinyl acetate oligomers and polymers and/or acrylic oligomers and polymers. Suitable pour point depressant compounds include (meth)acrylates such as those available from Rohmax, Philadelphia, PA, under the trade-mark Viscoplex. Alkyl methacrylates with a molecular weight of about 200,000, such as Viscoplex 10-3 10, have been found to be particularly suitable.
100361 The pour point depressant may be used alone or may optionally be further diluted with a vegetable oil. Suitable vegetable oil diluted pour point depressant compounds include, for example, the vegetable oil diluted alkyl methacrylates available from Functional Products, Macedonia, OH, under the trade designation PD-551.
100371 The pour point depressant is present in the vegetable oil dielectric fluid composition up to about 4 wt%, preferably about 0.2 wt% to about 2 wt%, and more preferably from about 0.4 wt% to 2 wt%.
100381 Vegetable oil dielectric fluid compositions include an antioxidant and a pour point depressant typically have a pour point of less than about -30 C, preferably less than about -33 C, as measured by at least one of ASTM D97 and ASTM D5950. Including these additives, the vegetable oil dielectric fluid composition typically has a fire point greater than about 300 C, preferably greater than about 350 C, and a flash point of greater than about 275 C, preferably greater than about 325 C. Other properties of a typical vegetable oil dielectric fluid composition with additives are shown in Table 5 below.
[0039] Any of the dielectric fluid compositions described herein may optionally include a small amount of one or more additives to inhibit the growth of microorganisms.
Any antimicrobial substance that is compatible with the dielectric fluid may be blended into the fluid. In some cases, compounds that are useful as antioxidants also may be used as antimicrobials. It is known, for example, that phenolic antioxidants such as BHA also exhibit some activity against bacteria, molds, viruses and protozoa, particularly when used with other antimicrobial substances such as potassium sorbate, sorbic acid or monoglycerides. Vitamin E, ascorbyl palmitate and other known compounds also are suitable for use as antimicrobial additives.
[0040] Any of the vegetable oil dielectric fluid compositions described herein may further optionally include a colorant such as a dye or pigment. Any known dye or pigment can be used for this purpose, and many are available commercially as food additives. The most useful dyes and pigments are those that are oil soluble. The colorant is present in the composition in minor amounts, typically less than about 1 ppm.
[0041] In appropriate circumstances, any of the vegetable oil dielectric fluid compositions described herein may optionally include a minor amount of one or more petroleum derived oils, such as, for example, mineral oils and/or polyalphaolefins.
Mineral oils from naphthenic and paraffinic sources are typically refined and processed in to transformer fluids that meet the electrical industry standards per ASTM
D3687.
Suitable mineral oil-based dielectric fluids include, for example, those available from Petro-Canada under the trade-mark Luminol TR, those available from Calumet Lubricating Co. under the trade-mark Caltran 60-15, and those available from Ergon Refining Inc. under the trade-mark Hivolt II. Suitable polyalphaolefins have a viscosity from about 2 cSt to about 14 cSt at 100 C, and are available from Chevron under the trade-mark Synfluid PAO, Amoco under the trade-mark Durasyn and Ethyl Corp.
under the trade-mark Ethylflo. Particularly preferred polyalphaolefins have a viscosity from about 4 cSt to about 8 cSt, and originate from dimers, trimers and tetramers of chains of 10 carbons. The most preferred viscosity range for the polyalphaolefins is from about 6 cSt to about 8 cSt.
100421 The petroleum derived oils and polyalphaolefins may be incorporated into the composition at less than about 10 % by weight, preferably less than about than percent by weight.
100431 In another embodiment, the present disclosure is directed to a vegetable oil dielectric fluid composition including at least one vegetable oil as described above, and a synthetic ester compound. In addition to the at least one vegetable oil and synthetic ester, the vegetable oil dielectric fluid composition preferable further includes an antioxidant as described above and a pour point depressant as described herein.
100441 The synthetic ester may be blended with the vegetable oil and other optional components in an amount sufficient to modify the properties of the dielectric fluid composition, particularly to further lower pour point for a particular cold temperature application. The term "synthetic ester" as used herein refers to esters produced by a reaction between: (1) a bio-based or petroleum-derived polyol; and, (2) a linear or branched organic acid that may be bio-based or petroleum-derived. The term polyol as used herein refers to alcohols with two or more hydroxyl groups.
[00451 While the synthetic esters may be derived from biologically based compounds, petroleum by-products, or combinations thereof, biologically based esters derived from renewable compounds produced by animals and plants are preferred.
100461 As used herein, the term bio-based refers to compounds derived from substances produced by either animals and/or naturally occurring or cultivated plants. The plant and animal sources for the bio-based compounds may be GMO, non-GMO and combinations thereof, and non-GMO sources are preferred. The term "bio-based" has the meaning set forth in the USDA FB4P (2002 Farm Bill), e.g. 70 Fed. Reg. 1792 (January 11, 2005) and 71 Fed. Reg. 59862 (October 11, 2006) (to be codified at 7 C.F.R. pt. 2902).
100471 Suitable examples of bio-based synthetic esters include those produced by reacting a polyol and an organic acid with carbon chain lengths ofC8-C10 derived from a vegetable oil such as, for example, coconut oil. Suitable synthetic esters are available from Cargill (Brazil) under the trade-mark Innovatti, as well as from Hatco Chemical Co., Kearney, NJ. Among these synthetic esters, synthetic pentaerithritol esters with C7-C9 groups available under the trade-marks Envirotemp 200 (E200) from Cooper Power Systems and Hatco 5005 from Hatco Chemical Co., as well as trimethylolpropane (TMP) esters with C8-C 10 groups available under the trade-mark EXP 1906 from Innovatti and Hatco 2938 from Hatco Chemical Co., are particularly well suited for use in the dielectric fluid compositions. Other polyols suitable for reacting with organic acids to make synthetic esters include, for example, neopentyl glycol, dipentaerythritol, and 2-ethylhexyl, n-octyl, isooctyl, isononyl, isodecyl and tridecyl alcohols.
(0048] The synthetic esters may be used in the vegetable oil dielectric fluid composition at up to about 70% by weight, preferably about 30% by weight to about 70% by weight, and even more preferably about 25% by weight to 70% by weight. Generally, larger amounts of the synthetic ester result in a dielectric fluid composition with a lower pour point. For example, some vegetable oil dielectric fluid compositions including up to about 30 wt% synthetic ester have a pour point of less than about -38 C, while some compositions including up to about 70 wt%
synthetic ester have a pour point of less than about -50 C, according to at least one of ASTM D97 and ASTM D5950.
(0049] While incorporation of non-bio based synthetic materials may improve certain properties of the vegetable oil dielectric fluid compositions described above, addition of these compounds also increases costs and may reduce the "environmentally friendly" nature of the composition. To ensure that a spill or leak of the vegetable oil dielectric fluid composition will not have significant environmental impact, the composition should preferably be biodegradable, nontoxic and formulated with a minimum of non-bio based material. The vegetable oil dielectric fluid composition should preferably include at least 70%
bio-based material and more preferably at least about 72.5% bio-based material.
(00501 For example, bio-based content can be determined by using ASTM Method D 6866, which is based on the amount of bio-based carbon in the material as %
of the mass of the total organic carbon in the product.
(0051] The vegetable oil dielectric fluid compositions described above should also preferably be formulated to include a minimum amount of non-biodegradable material. The amount of synthetic and/or non biodegradable additives in the vegetable oil dielectric fluid composition should preferably be limited such that the composition qualifies as at least one of (1) readily biodegradable as defined by USEPA OPPTS 835.3110; (2) ultimately biodegradable as defined by USEPA
OPPTS 835.3100; and (3) biodegradable as measured by method OECD 301.
[00521 Readily biodegradable as defined by USEPA OPPTS 835.3110 is an arbitrary classification of chemicals which have passed certain specified screening tests for ultimate biodegradability. These tests are so stringent that it is assumed that such compounds will rapidly and completely biodegrade in aquatic environments under aerobic conditions.
100531 Ultimate biodegradability as defined by USEPA OPPTS 835.3100 is the breakdown of an organic compound to C02, water, the oxides or mineral salts of other elements, and/or to products associated with normal metabolic processes of microorganisms.
100541 The vegetable oil dielectric fluid compositions described above should preferably be formulated to be essentially free of GMO material, which means that the composition includes no more than about 5% by weight GMO material. Even more preferably, the composition should be substantially free of GMO material (no more than about I wt% GMO), and most preferably completely free of GMO
material, which means that no GMO material is present in the composition except for impurities. In the present application, substantially does not exclude completely, e.g. a composition that is substantially free from GMO material may be completely free from GMO material. Where necessary, the word substantially may be omitted from the definition of the invention.
[00551 The vegetable oil dielectric fluid compositions described above may be made by taking commercially available refined, bleached and deodorized (RBD) vegetable oils and treating the oils to remove impurities and improve electrical properties. The RBD oils are typically treated by removing moisture and stirring with an absorber, such as an activated clay, to remove impurities, which can be detrimental to the electrical properties of the oils. In addition to or instead of the clay treatment step, the RBD oils may be heated and/or filtered to remove particles, microorganisms and the like.
[0056] Preferably, the RBD oils are treated by adding about 10 wt% heated clay (170 C) to the heated oil while stirring. The oil is then filtered to remove the clay particles containing the absorbed contaminants followed by vacuum processing to less than about 10 torr.
100571 Typically, following these or similar treatment steps, preferred processed oils contain a maximum of about 200 ppm water, more preferably a maximum of about 100 ppm water.
[00581 Following the impurity removal steps, the processed oils may be used alone as dielectric fluids in electrical apparatus. However, prior to use the oils are typically blended with the additives described above, e.g. antioxidants, pour point depressants, colorants and the like. The processed oils may be further blended with additional vegetable oils, synthetic esters, synthetic or petroleum derived oils and the like to tailor their properties for a particular application.
100591 In another embodiment, the present disclosure is directed at electrical apparatus having therein a dielectric fluid composition including at least one RBD
vegetable oil as described above and an antioxidant. The dielectric fluid composition has a pour point of less than about -20 C, preferably less than about -25 C, as measured according to either of ASTM D97 or ASTM D5950. In addition to the antioxidant, the dielectric fluid composition in the electrical apparatus may further include any of the additives described above, including, for example, pour point depressants, additional vegetable oils, synthetic esters, mineral oils, polyalphaolefins, and the like.
[00601 The vegetable oil dielectric fluid composition may be incorporated into any electrical equipment or apparatus including, but not limited to, transformers, switchgear, regulators and reclosers.
[00611 For example, referring to Fig. 1, a transformer 10 includes a tank body enclosing a transformer core coil assembly and windings 15. The core coil assembly and windings 15 are at least partially immersed in a dielectric fluid 18.
The space between a surface of the fluid 18 and the tank body 12, referred to as the headspace 20, may optionally include an oxygen permeable container 24 housing an oxidation reducing composition 22 such as those described in US
2005/0040375. For example, a pre-packaged oxygen scavenging compound, such as is available commercially under the Ageless and Freshmax trade-marks, may be encased in a pouch constructed of a oxygen permeable polymer film, a polyester felt or a cellulose pressboard. The tank body 12 may also include optional features such as a threaded plug 28 with a view port 30, and a pressure release device 40.
[00621 The dielectric fluid compositions preferably are introduced into the electrical apparatus in a manner that minimizes the exposure of the fluid to atmospheric oxygen, moisture, and other contaminants that could adversely affect their performance. A preferred process includes drying of the tank contents, evacuation and substitution of air with dry nitrogen gas, filling under partial vacuum, and immediate sealing of the tank. If the electrical device requires a headspace between the dielectric fluid and tank cover, after filling and sealing of the tank, the gas in the headspace may be evacuated and substituted with an inert gas, such as dry nitrogen.
100631 Electrical transformers and switchgear typically are constructed by immersing the core and windings and other electrical equipment in a dielectric fluid and enclosing the immersed components in a sealed housing or tank. The windings in larger equipment frequently are also wrapped with a cellulose or paper material. The vegetable oil dielectric fluid compositions described herein also may be used to protect and extend the useful service life of the cellulose chains of the paper insulating material. While not wishing to be bound by any theory, presently available evidence indicates that the vegetable oil dielectric fluids absorb water from the paper, which prevents the paper from hydrolytic degradation, and provides long-chain fatty acids that transesterify the cellulose and further reduce paper breakdown, particularly at higher equipment operating temperatures.
100641 The vegetable oil dielectric fluids compositions can also be used to retrofill existing electrical equipment that incorporate other, less desirable dielectric fluids.
Retrofilling existing equipment can be accomplished using any suitable method known in the art, though because of the increased sensitivity of vegetable oil fluids to moisture, the components of the electrical equipment may optionally be dried prior to the introduction of the vegetable oil based dielectric fluid. This maybe particularly useful if the equipment includes cellulose or paper wrapping, which can absorb moisture over time. Because of the relatively high solubility of water in vegetable oils, a vegetable oil fluid can itself be used to dry out existing electrical equipment.
EXAMPLES
Example 1 100651 Three different samples of RBD European Rapeseed oil that represent at least three different crop years were obtained and tested. The oils were obtained from a refinery in Antwerp, Belgium, which processed rapeseeds from the preferred genus and species types Brassica Juneca and Brassica Campestris.
100661 The results are shown in Table I below.
Table 1 Sample Crop Year Pour Point ( C) (ASTM D97) Example 2 100671 The pour points of the following fluids were measured according to ASTM
D 97 and ASTM D5950, and the results are shown in Table 2.
Table 2 Sample Pour Point (=C) Pour Point ( C) 100% Euro-Rapeseed / "As received" -21 -20 100% Euro-Rapeseed / Clay treated- No additives -21 -24 Example 3 100681 Samples of European soybean oil and European rapeseed oil were obtained for analysis. The rapeseed oil was Cargill Agri-Pure 60 from Antwerp, Belgium, and included the preferred genus and species types Brassica Juneca and Brassica Campestris. As received, the RBD soybean oil had a pour point of about -10 to WO 2008/143830 PCT/[JS2008/006081 about -16 C according to ASTM D5950, while the RBD rapeseed oil had a pour point of -26 C.
[00691 The properties of the oils are shown in Table 3 below.
Table 3 Euro-Rapeseed Soybean Oil Moisture 37 ppm 66 ppm Dielectric D1816 62 kV 46 kV
DF @ 25 C 0.04% 0.21%
DF@ l00 C 1.91% 5.67%
Acid No. 0.069 mg KOH/g 0.0 14 mg KOH/g IFT 28.6 dynes/cm 27.1 dynes/cm Flash Point 334 C 334 C
Fire Point 358 C 360 C
Pour Point -26 C -10 C
*After 24 hours vacuum treatment, moisture = Ippm, D1816 = 54 kV
100701 The RBD oils were then treated with clay and filtered, and the properties of the resulting processed oils are shown in Table 4 below.
Table 4 Euro-Rapeseed Soybean Oil Moisture 3 ppm I ppm Dielectric D1816 71 kV 61 kV
DF @ 25 C 0.02% 0.01%
DF @ 100 C 0.39% 0.38%
Acid No. 0.029 mg KOH/g 0.005 mg KOH/g IFT 32.0 dynes/cm 30.0 dynes/cm Flash Point 334 C 336 C
Fire Point 358 C 362 C
Pour Point -21 C -10 C
Viscosity @ 40 C 34.90 cSt 31.40 cSt Viscosity @ 100 C 8.04 cSt 7.77 cSt 100711 The processed oils were then blended with additives to enhance their performance as electrical insulating fluids. The processed oils were blended with 0.40% by weight of BHT antioxidant, and 1.0 wt% of a pour point depressant, Viscoplex 10-310, available from Rohmax, Philadelphia, PA.
100721 . The properties of the resulting blends are shown in Table 5 below.
Table 5 Euro-Rapeseed Soybean Oil Moisture 13 ppm 5 ppm Dielectric 01816 73 kV 66 kV
DF @ 25 C 0.02% 0.03%
DF @ 100 C 1.53% 1.75%
Acid No. 0.047 mg KOH/g 0.028 mg KOH/g I FT 32.2 dynes/cm 31.6 dynes/cm Flash Point 332 C 330 C
Fire Point 358 C 360 C
Pour Point (D5950) -33 C -26 C
Pour Point (D97) -31 C -24 C
Viscosity @ 40 C 36.31 cSt 34.53 cSt Viscosity @ 100 C 8.79 cSt 8.35 cSt Volume Resistivity 74 x 1012 51 x 10 Example 4 100731 The Euro Rapeseed Oil from Example 2 was blended with various synthetic esters as shown in Table 6 below.
[007411n Table 6, Soybean Oil refers to a soybean oil derived dielectric fluid available from Cooper Power Systems, Waukesha, W1, under the trade designation Envirotemp FR3 Fluid.
Table 6 Base Fluid Synthetic Synthetic Pour Pour Beneficial Aspects Ester Ester Point ( C) Point ( C) Fire Point> >70% Bio-E200 EXP 1906 (ASTM D (ASTM 300 C based &
5950) D97) Renewable Example Cl 0 70% -48 Yes (304 C) Yes 30 % Soybean Oil Example C2 0 30% -33 -34 Yes (323 C) Yes 70 % Soybean Oil Example 3-1 0 70% -50 Yes (303 C) Yes 30 % Euro-Ra eseed Example 3-2 0 30% -39 -38 Yes (321 C) Yes 70 % Euro-Rapeseed Example 3-3 70% 0 -51 Yes No 30 % Euro-Ra eseed Example 3-4 30% 0 -38 Yes No 70 % Euro-Rapeseed Example 3-5 0 27.5% -39 -40 Yes (327 C) Yes 72.5 % Euro-Raeseed All blends in Table 6 contain up to 1.0% by wt pour point depressant (Viscoplex 10-310, available from Rohmax), and up to 0.4% by wt antioxidant in vegetable oil.
C I and C2 represent comparative examples.
E200 = Synthetic pentaerithritol ester with C7-C9 groups available from Hatco Chemical Co. under the trade designation Hatco 5005 EXP 1906 = Synthetic ester with C8-C 10 groups available from Hatco Chemical Co. under the trade designation Hatco 2938.
[00751 Example C2 compared to examples 3-2 and 3-4 show the improved cold temperature performance of the Euro-Rapeseed fluid compared to a soybean oil based fluid.
Example 5 100761 The 100% Euro-Rapeseed oil from example 2 was blended with additives and tested to determine the viscosity over extended periods of time at low temperature. Likewise, the test was also performed on a soybean oil derived dielectric fluid available from Cooper Power Systems, Waukesha, WI, under the trade designation Envirotemp FR3 Fluid. The results are shown in Figure 2.
[00771 The results of Fig. 2 show that, when introduced into electrical power equipment, the substantially bio-based and biodegradable formulations of the presently described dielectric fluid composition flow and maintain a relatively constant viscosity for an extended period of time compared to a conventional vegetable oil.
100781 Various embodiments of the invention have been described. These and other embodiments are within the scope of the following claims.
[0017] The term RBD vegetable oil as used herein refers to crude vegetable oils that have been further processed at a vegetable oil refinery. Typically, to make a RBD
vegetable oil, crude vegetable oil is de-gummed after addition of water followed by alkali refining with a base such as NaOH, bleaching with clay and deodorization using vacuum steam stripping. Such RBD processing of oils is well known in the art.
The processing steps remove contaminants from the crude vegetable oils that would cause poor dielectric performance. Crude vegetable oils 3a also contain more waxy components that would cause less desirable cold temperature performance.
[0018] The pour point of the dielectric fluid composition may be measured by either of two different methods, ASTM D97 or ASTM D5950 (pour point measurements per the test methods herein may vary as much as 3 C). ASTM
D97, a manual technique, is an accepted standard test method for determination of pour point in the electrical equipment industry. However, automated equipment to measure pour point may in some cases provide improved speed and consistency per ASTM Method D5950. However, the D5950 method is not yet approved in the electrical industry, although the lubricating fluids industry has converted to and approved the D5950 automated method.
[00191 The vegetable oil is preferably obtained by processing naturally occurring (non-genetically modified, or non-GMO) seed stocks, but may also be obtained from genetically modified (GMO) seeds, or from blends of oils obtained from GMO and non-GMO seeds.
100201 One suitable vegetable oil for the dielectric fluid composition may be obtained by processing GMO rapeseed, non-GMO rapeseed, and combinations thereof. Preferred oils are obtained from seeds grown in northern European regions. Oils obtained from non-GMO "winter" rapeseeds grown in northern European climates have particularly low pour points, and are preferred for use in electrical apparatus operated in cold climates. Oils obtained from the seeds of Brassica Juneca and Brassica Campestris plants are particularly preferred, and suitable oils are available from Cargill, Inc., Minneapolis, MN, under the trade designation Agri-Pure 60 Rapeseed Oil.
100211 While not wishing to be bound by any theory, presently available evidence indicates that RBD oils obtained from northern European rapeseeds such as, for example. Brassica Juneca and Brassica Campestris seeds, have a fatty acid distribution that results in a pour point of less than about -20 C, preferably less than about -25 C, as measured according to either of ASTM D97 or ASTM
D5950. Other RBD rapeseed oils such as, for example, those available from North American seed stocks, exhibit a much higher pour point of about -10 to about -C. Compared to these North American oils, northern European rapeseed oils derived from Brassica Juneca and Brassica Campestris can provide a significant advantage in low temperature applications.
[0022] The Brassica Juneca and Brassica Campestris oils used in the dielectric fluid composition may be obtained from a single year's harvest, or oils from various cultivars may be blended to provide a vegetable oil dielectric fluid composition with the desired electrical, chemical and physical properties.
[0023] In addition to an exceptionally low pour point, dielectric fluid compositions including the preferred RBD Brassica Juneca and Brassica Campestris oils have excellent electrical properties after appropriate processing.
[0024] The dielectric fluid compositions preferably have a dielectric strength of at least about 55 kv, preferably greater than about 60 kV. The dielectric strength may be measured per ASTM method D1816 using a 0.08 inch (2 mm) gap between VDE electrodes. The determination of dielectric strength is well known in the art and is within the knowledge of the skilled person.
(0025] The dielectric fluid composition also preferably has a fire point greater than 300 C, as well as a flash point greater than about 275 C. Both fire point and flash point may be measured by ASTM D92. The determination of fire point is well known in the art and is within the knowledge of the skilled person.
[0026] The dielectric fluid composition also preferably has a dissipation factor (DF) at 25 C of less than about 0.1 %, and a dissipation factor at 100 C of less than about 4%. The dissipation factors may be measured using ASTM D924.
The determination of dissipation factor is well known in the art and is within the knowledge of the skilled person.
[0027] Other electrical, chemical and physical properties are set forth in Table 4 below.
[0028] To ensure that the dielectric fluid composition remains flowable at relatively low temperatures, the vegetable oil used in the composition should preferably have a kinematic viscosity between 2 and 15 cSt at 100 C and less than 110 cSt at 40 C. Preferably, the fluids used in the dielectric fluid composition have a kinematic viscosity between about 20 and about 50 cSt at 40 C.
[0029] A common method for measuring the kinematic viscosity at 40/100 C is ASTM D445, however, at cold temperatures of-10 C and -20 C and colder, a different technique may be used. The yield stress and viscosity were measured using a Cannon mini-rotary viscometer (MRV) per ASTM D3829. The MRV
operated as a concentric cylinder viscometer in which the yield stress is determined by observing the movement of the cylinder under different applied stress. For example, a 5 gram weight may be used to apply the yield stress and the viscosity may be determined by measuring the time to complete three revolutions. The time is multiplied by a constant, which depends on the cell used for the measurement, and the applied stress, to determine the dynamic viscosity in centipoise (cP).
The dynamic viscosity in cP is converted to kinematic viscosity in centistokes (cSt) by dividing the dynamic viscosity by the density of the fluid at the specific temperature of measurement. The determination of viscosities is well known in the art and is within the knowledge of the skilled person.
100301 For example, the density may be determined using a 250 ml volumetric flask with a 15 ml graduated cylinder for a neck. The internal volume was calibrated with water at a known temperature and mass prior to measuring the fluid. The densities of the fluids at temperature were calculated using the weight of the fluid with the measured volume.
100311 The vegetable oil dielectric fluid composition further includes one or more antioxidant compounds. Useful antioxidant compounds include, for example, BHA
(butylated hydroxyanisole), BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene), TBHQ (tertiary butylhydroquinone), THBP (tetrahydrobutrophenone), ascorbyl palmitate (rosemary oil), propyl gallate, and alpha-, beta- or delta-tocopherol (vitamin E).
[0032) The antioxidant compounds may be present in the dielectric fluid composition at less than about I wt%, preferably less than about 0.5 wt%, based on the total weight of the composition.
[00331 In addition to the preferred rapeseed oils such as Brassica Juneca and Brassica Campestris, any of the dielectric fluid compositions described herein may optionally include other vegetable oils as extenders or to modify its properties, including adjusting the pour point. Any commercially available seed oil may be used, and suitable additional vegetable oils include, for example, soybean, sunflower, crambe, corn, olive, cottonseed, safflower, vernonia, lesquerella and combinations thereof. Of these additional oils, soybean oil and sunflower oil are preferred.
[00341 The additional vegetable oils may be present or used in any amount, as long as their presence does not substantially degrade the physical, chemical and electrical properties of the composition.
(00351 In another embodiment, the vegetable oil dielectric fluid composition consists of at least one vegetable oil as described above, at least one antioxidant as described above, and at least one pour point depressant. A wide variety of compounds may be used as pour point depressants, and preferred pour point depressants include polyvinyl acetate oligomers and polymers and/or acrylic oligomers and polymers. Suitable pour point depressant compounds include (meth)acrylates such as those available from Rohmax, Philadelphia, PA, under the trade-mark Viscoplex. Alkyl methacrylates with a molecular weight of about 200,000, such as Viscoplex 10-3 10, have been found to be particularly suitable.
100361 The pour point depressant may be used alone or may optionally be further diluted with a vegetable oil. Suitable vegetable oil diluted pour point depressant compounds include, for example, the vegetable oil diluted alkyl methacrylates available from Functional Products, Macedonia, OH, under the trade designation PD-551.
100371 The pour point depressant is present in the vegetable oil dielectric fluid composition up to about 4 wt%, preferably about 0.2 wt% to about 2 wt%, and more preferably from about 0.4 wt% to 2 wt%.
100381 Vegetable oil dielectric fluid compositions include an antioxidant and a pour point depressant typically have a pour point of less than about -30 C, preferably less than about -33 C, as measured by at least one of ASTM D97 and ASTM D5950. Including these additives, the vegetable oil dielectric fluid composition typically has a fire point greater than about 300 C, preferably greater than about 350 C, and a flash point of greater than about 275 C, preferably greater than about 325 C. Other properties of a typical vegetable oil dielectric fluid composition with additives are shown in Table 5 below.
[0039] Any of the dielectric fluid compositions described herein may optionally include a small amount of one or more additives to inhibit the growth of microorganisms.
Any antimicrobial substance that is compatible with the dielectric fluid may be blended into the fluid. In some cases, compounds that are useful as antioxidants also may be used as antimicrobials. It is known, for example, that phenolic antioxidants such as BHA also exhibit some activity against bacteria, molds, viruses and protozoa, particularly when used with other antimicrobial substances such as potassium sorbate, sorbic acid or monoglycerides. Vitamin E, ascorbyl palmitate and other known compounds also are suitable for use as antimicrobial additives.
[0040] Any of the vegetable oil dielectric fluid compositions described herein may further optionally include a colorant such as a dye or pigment. Any known dye or pigment can be used for this purpose, and many are available commercially as food additives. The most useful dyes and pigments are those that are oil soluble. The colorant is present in the composition in minor amounts, typically less than about 1 ppm.
[0041] In appropriate circumstances, any of the vegetable oil dielectric fluid compositions described herein may optionally include a minor amount of one or more petroleum derived oils, such as, for example, mineral oils and/or polyalphaolefins.
Mineral oils from naphthenic and paraffinic sources are typically refined and processed in to transformer fluids that meet the electrical industry standards per ASTM
D3687.
Suitable mineral oil-based dielectric fluids include, for example, those available from Petro-Canada under the trade-mark Luminol TR, those available from Calumet Lubricating Co. under the trade-mark Caltran 60-15, and those available from Ergon Refining Inc. under the trade-mark Hivolt II. Suitable polyalphaolefins have a viscosity from about 2 cSt to about 14 cSt at 100 C, and are available from Chevron under the trade-mark Synfluid PAO, Amoco under the trade-mark Durasyn and Ethyl Corp.
under the trade-mark Ethylflo. Particularly preferred polyalphaolefins have a viscosity from about 4 cSt to about 8 cSt, and originate from dimers, trimers and tetramers of chains of 10 carbons. The most preferred viscosity range for the polyalphaolefins is from about 6 cSt to about 8 cSt.
100421 The petroleum derived oils and polyalphaolefins may be incorporated into the composition at less than about 10 % by weight, preferably less than about than percent by weight.
100431 In another embodiment, the present disclosure is directed to a vegetable oil dielectric fluid composition including at least one vegetable oil as described above, and a synthetic ester compound. In addition to the at least one vegetable oil and synthetic ester, the vegetable oil dielectric fluid composition preferable further includes an antioxidant as described above and a pour point depressant as described herein.
100441 The synthetic ester may be blended with the vegetable oil and other optional components in an amount sufficient to modify the properties of the dielectric fluid composition, particularly to further lower pour point for a particular cold temperature application. The term "synthetic ester" as used herein refers to esters produced by a reaction between: (1) a bio-based or petroleum-derived polyol; and, (2) a linear or branched organic acid that may be bio-based or petroleum-derived. The term polyol as used herein refers to alcohols with two or more hydroxyl groups.
[00451 While the synthetic esters may be derived from biologically based compounds, petroleum by-products, or combinations thereof, biologically based esters derived from renewable compounds produced by animals and plants are preferred.
100461 As used herein, the term bio-based refers to compounds derived from substances produced by either animals and/or naturally occurring or cultivated plants. The plant and animal sources for the bio-based compounds may be GMO, non-GMO and combinations thereof, and non-GMO sources are preferred. The term "bio-based" has the meaning set forth in the USDA FB4P (2002 Farm Bill), e.g. 70 Fed. Reg. 1792 (January 11, 2005) and 71 Fed. Reg. 59862 (October 11, 2006) (to be codified at 7 C.F.R. pt. 2902).
100471 Suitable examples of bio-based synthetic esters include those produced by reacting a polyol and an organic acid with carbon chain lengths ofC8-C10 derived from a vegetable oil such as, for example, coconut oil. Suitable synthetic esters are available from Cargill (Brazil) under the trade-mark Innovatti, as well as from Hatco Chemical Co., Kearney, NJ. Among these synthetic esters, synthetic pentaerithritol esters with C7-C9 groups available under the trade-marks Envirotemp 200 (E200) from Cooper Power Systems and Hatco 5005 from Hatco Chemical Co., as well as trimethylolpropane (TMP) esters with C8-C 10 groups available under the trade-mark EXP 1906 from Innovatti and Hatco 2938 from Hatco Chemical Co., are particularly well suited for use in the dielectric fluid compositions. Other polyols suitable for reacting with organic acids to make synthetic esters include, for example, neopentyl glycol, dipentaerythritol, and 2-ethylhexyl, n-octyl, isooctyl, isononyl, isodecyl and tridecyl alcohols.
(0048] The synthetic esters may be used in the vegetable oil dielectric fluid composition at up to about 70% by weight, preferably about 30% by weight to about 70% by weight, and even more preferably about 25% by weight to 70% by weight. Generally, larger amounts of the synthetic ester result in a dielectric fluid composition with a lower pour point. For example, some vegetable oil dielectric fluid compositions including up to about 30 wt% synthetic ester have a pour point of less than about -38 C, while some compositions including up to about 70 wt%
synthetic ester have a pour point of less than about -50 C, according to at least one of ASTM D97 and ASTM D5950.
(0049] While incorporation of non-bio based synthetic materials may improve certain properties of the vegetable oil dielectric fluid compositions described above, addition of these compounds also increases costs and may reduce the "environmentally friendly" nature of the composition. To ensure that a spill or leak of the vegetable oil dielectric fluid composition will not have significant environmental impact, the composition should preferably be biodegradable, nontoxic and formulated with a minimum of non-bio based material. The vegetable oil dielectric fluid composition should preferably include at least 70%
bio-based material and more preferably at least about 72.5% bio-based material.
(00501 For example, bio-based content can be determined by using ASTM Method D 6866, which is based on the amount of bio-based carbon in the material as %
of the mass of the total organic carbon in the product.
(0051] The vegetable oil dielectric fluid compositions described above should also preferably be formulated to include a minimum amount of non-biodegradable material. The amount of synthetic and/or non biodegradable additives in the vegetable oil dielectric fluid composition should preferably be limited such that the composition qualifies as at least one of (1) readily biodegradable as defined by USEPA OPPTS 835.3110; (2) ultimately biodegradable as defined by USEPA
OPPTS 835.3100; and (3) biodegradable as measured by method OECD 301.
[00521 Readily biodegradable as defined by USEPA OPPTS 835.3110 is an arbitrary classification of chemicals which have passed certain specified screening tests for ultimate biodegradability. These tests are so stringent that it is assumed that such compounds will rapidly and completely biodegrade in aquatic environments under aerobic conditions.
100531 Ultimate biodegradability as defined by USEPA OPPTS 835.3100 is the breakdown of an organic compound to C02, water, the oxides or mineral salts of other elements, and/or to products associated with normal metabolic processes of microorganisms.
100541 The vegetable oil dielectric fluid compositions described above should preferably be formulated to be essentially free of GMO material, which means that the composition includes no more than about 5% by weight GMO material. Even more preferably, the composition should be substantially free of GMO material (no more than about I wt% GMO), and most preferably completely free of GMO
material, which means that no GMO material is present in the composition except for impurities. In the present application, substantially does not exclude completely, e.g. a composition that is substantially free from GMO material may be completely free from GMO material. Where necessary, the word substantially may be omitted from the definition of the invention.
[00551 The vegetable oil dielectric fluid compositions described above may be made by taking commercially available refined, bleached and deodorized (RBD) vegetable oils and treating the oils to remove impurities and improve electrical properties. The RBD oils are typically treated by removing moisture and stirring with an absorber, such as an activated clay, to remove impurities, which can be detrimental to the electrical properties of the oils. In addition to or instead of the clay treatment step, the RBD oils may be heated and/or filtered to remove particles, microorganisms and the like.
[0056] Preferably, the RBD oils are treated by adding about 10 wt% heated clay (170 C) to the heated oil while stirring. The oil is then filtered to remove the clay particles containing the absorbed contaminants followed by vacuum processing to less than about 10 torr.
100571 Typically, following these or similar treatment steps, preferred processed oils contain a maximum of about 200 ppm water, more preferably a maximum of about 100 ppm water.
[00581 Following the impurity removal steps, the processed oils may be used alone as dielectric fluids in electrical apparatus. However, prior to use the oils are typically blended with the additives described above, e.g. antioxidants, pour point depressants, colorants and the like. The processed oils may be further blended with additional vegetable oils, synthetic esters, synthetic or petroleum derived oils and the like to tailor their properties for a particular application.
100591 In another embodiment, the present disclosure is directed at electrical apparatus having therein a dielectric fluid composition including at least one RBD
vegetable oil as described above and an antioxidant. The dielectric fluid composition has a pour point of less than about -20 C, preferably less than about -25 C, as measured according to either of ASTM D97 or ASTM D5950. In addition to the antioxidant, the dielectric fluid composition in the electrical apparatus may further include any of the additives described above, including, for example, pour point depressants, additional vegetable oils, synthetic esters, mineral oils, polyalphaolefins, and the like.
[00601 The vegetable oil dielectric fluid composition may be incorporated into any electrical equipment or apparatus including, but not limited to, transformers, switchgear, regulators and reclosers.
[00611 For example, referring to Fig. 1, a transformer 10 includes a tank body enclosing a transformer core coil assembly and windings 15. The core coil assembly and windings 15 are at least partially immersed in a dielectric fluid 18.
The space between a surface of the fluid 18 and the tank body 12, referred to as the headspace 20, may optionally include an oxygen permeable container 24 housing an oxidation reducing composition 22 such as those described in US
2005/0040375. For example, a pre-packaged oxygen scavenging compound, such as is available commercially under the Ageless and Freshmax trade-marks, may be encased in a pouch constructed of a oxygen permeable polymer film, a polyester felt or a cellulose pressboard. The tank body 12 may also include optional features such as a threaded plug 28 with a view port 30, and a pressure release device 40.
[00621 The dielectric fluid compositions preferably are introduced into the electrical apparatus in a manner that minimizes the exposure of the fluid to atmospheric oxygen, moisture, and other contaminants that could adversely affect their performance. A preferred process includes drying of the tank contents, evacuation and substitution of air with dry nitrogen gas, filling under partial vacuum, and immediate sealing of the tank. If the electrical device requires a headspace between the dielectric fluid and tank cover, after filling and sealing of the tank, the gas in the headspace may be evacuated and substituted with an inert gas, such as dry nitrogen.
100631 Electrical transformers and switchgear typically are constructed by immersing the core and windings and other electrical equipment in a dielectric fluid and enclosing the immersed components in a sealed housing or tank. The windings in larger equipment frequently are also wrapped with a cellulose or paper material. The vegetable oil dielectric fluid compositions described herein also may be used to protect and extend the useful service life of the cellulose chains of the paper insulating material. While not wishing to be bound by any theory, presently available evidence indicates that the vegetable oil dielectric fluids absorb water from the paper, which prevents the paper from hydrolytic degradation, and provides long-chain fatty acids that transesterify the cellulose and further reduce paper breakdown, particularly at higher equipment operating temperatures.
100641 The vegetable oil dielectric fluids compositions can also be used to retrofill existing electrical equipment that incorporate other, less desirable dielectric fluids.
Retrofilling existing equipment can be accomplished using any suitable method known in the art, though because of the increased sensitivity of vegetable oil fluids to moisture, the components of the electrical equipment may optionally be dried prior to the introduction of the vegetable oil based dielectric fluid. This maybe particularly useful if the equipment includes cellulose or paper wrapping, which can absorb moisture over time. Because of the relatively high solubility of water in vegetable oils, a vegetable oil fluid can itself be used to dry out existing electrical equipment.
EXAMPLES
Example 1 100651 Three different samples of RBD European Rapeseed oil that represent at least three different crop years were obtained and tested. The oils were obtained from a refinery in Antwerp, Belgium, which processed rapeseeds from the preferred genus and species types Brassica Juneca and Brassica Campestris.
100661 The results are shown in Table I below.
Table 1 Sample Crop Year Pour Point ( C) (ASTM D97) Example 2 100671 The pour points of the following fluids were measured according to ASTM
D 97 and ASTM D5950, and the results are shown in Table 2.
Table 2 Sample Pour Point (=C) Pour Point ( C) 100% Euro-Rapeseed / "As received" -21 -20 100% Euro-Rapeseed / Clay treated- No additives -21 -24 Example 3 100681 Samples of European soybean oil and European rapeseed oil were obtained for analysis. The rapeseed oil was Cargill Agri-Pure 60 from Antwerp, Belgium, and included the preferred genus and species types Brassica Juneca and Brassica Campestris. As received, the RBD soybean oil had a pour point of about -10 to WO 2008/143830 PCT/[JS2008/006081 about -16 C according to ASTM D5950, while the RBD rapeseed oil had a pour point of -26 C.
[00691 The properties of the oils are shown in Table 3 below.
Table 3 Euro-Rapeseed Soybean Oil Moisture 37 ppm 66 ppm Dielectric D1816 62 kV 46 kV
DF @ 25 C 0.04% 0.21%
DF@ l00 C 1.91% 5.67%
Acid No. 0.069 mg KOH/g 0.0 14 mg KOH/g IFT 28.6 dynes/cm 27.1 dynes/cm Flash Point 334 C 334 C
Fire Point 358 C 360 C
Pour Point -26 C -10 C
*After 24 hours vacuum treatment, moisture = Ippm, D1816 = 54 kV
100701 The RBD oils were then treated with clay and filtered, and the properties of the resulting processed oils are shown in Table 4 below.
Table 4 Euro-Rapeseed Soybean Oil Moisture 3 ppm I ppm Dielectric D1816 71 kV 61 kV
DF @ 25 C 0.02% 0.01%
DF @ 100 C 0.39% 0.38%
Acid No. 0.029 mg KOH/g 0.005 mg KOH/g IFT 32.0 dynes/cm 30.0 dynes/cm Flash Point 334 C 336 C
Fire Point 358 C 362 C
Pour Point -21 C -10 C
Viscosity @ 40 C 34.90 cSt 31.40 cSt Viscosity @ 100 C 8.04 cSt 7.77 cSt 100711 The processed oils were then blended with additives to enhance their performance as electrical insulating fluids. The processed oils were blended with 0.40% by weight of BHT antioxidant, and 1.0 wt% of a pour point depressant, Viscoplex 10-310, available from Rohmax, Philadelphia, PA.
100721 . The properties of the resulting blends are shown in Table 5 below.
Table 5 Euro-Rapeseed Soybean Oil Moisture 13 ppm 5 ppm Dielectric 01816 73 kV 66 kV
DF @ 25 C 0.02% 0.03%
DF @ 100 C 1.53% 1.75%
Acid No. 0.047 mg KOH/g 0.028 mg KOH/g I FT 32.2 dynes/cm 31.6 dynes/cm Flash Point 332 C 330 C
Fire Point 358 C 360 C
Pour Point (D5950) -33 C -26 C
Pour Point (D97) -31 C -24 C
Viscosity @ 40 C 36.31 cSt 34.53 cSt Viscosity @ 100 C 8.79 cSt 8.35 cSt Volume Resistivity 74 x 1012 51 x 10 Example 4 100731 The Euro Rapeseed Oil from Example 2 was blended with various synthetic esters as shown in Table 6 below.
[007411n Table 6, Soybean Oil refers to a soybean oil derived dielectric fluid available from Cooper Power Systems, Waukesha, W1, under the trade designation Envirotemp FR3 Fluid.
Table 6 Base Fluid Synthetic Synthetic Pour Pour Beneficial Aspects Ester Ester Point ( C) Point ( C) Fire Point> >70% Bio-E200 EXP 1906 (ASTM D (ASTM 300 C based &
5950) D97) Renewable Example Cl 0 70% -48 Yes (304 C) Yes 30 % Soybean Oil Example C2 0 30% -33 -34 Yes (323 C) Yes 70 % Soybean Oil Example 3-1 0 70% -50 Yes (303 C) Yes 30 % Euro-Ra eseed Example 3-2 0 30% -39 -38 Yes (321 C) Yes 70 % Euro-Rapeseed Example 3-3 70% 0 -51 Yes No 30 % Euro-Ra eseed Example 3-4 30% 0 -38 Yes No 70 % Euro-Rapeseed Example 3-5 0 27.5% -39 -40 Yes (327 C) Yes 72.5 % Euro-Raeseed All blends in Table 6 contain up to 1.0% by wt pour point depressant (Viscoplex 10-310, available from Rohmax), and up to 0.4% by wt antioxidant in vegetable oil.
C I and C2 represent comparative examples.
E200 = Synthetic pentaerithritol ester with C7-C9 groups available from Hatco Chemical Co. under the trade designation Hatco 5005 EXP 1906 = Synthetic ester with C8-C 10 groups available from Hatco Chemical Co. under the trade designation Hatco 2938.
[00751 Example C2 compared to examples 3-2 and 3-4 show the improved cold temperature performance of the Euro-Rapeseed fluid compared to a soybean oil based fluid.
Example 5 100761 The 100% Euro-Rapeseed oil from example 2 was blended with additives and tested to determine the viscosity over extended periods of time at low temperature. Likewise, the test was also performed on a soybean oil derived dielectric fluid available from Cooper Power Systems, Waukesha, WI, under the trade designation Envirotemp FR3 Fluid. The results are shown in Figure 2.
[00771 The results of Fig. 2 show that, when introduced into electrical power equipment, the substantially bio-based and biodegradable formulations of the presently described dielectric fluid composition flow and maintain a relatively constant viscosity for an extended period of time compared to a conventional vegetable oil.
100781 Various embodiments of the invention have been described. These and other embodiments are within the scope of the following claims.
Claims (15)
1. An electrical device having therein a dielectric fluid composition, wherein the dielectric fluid composition comprises at least one refined, bleached and deodorized non-GMO Northern European winter rapeseed oil and at least one antioxidant, wherein the dielectric fluid composition has a pour point of less than -20°C as measured according to either of ASTM D97 or ASTM D5950, and wherein the electrical device is selected from the group consisting of a transformer, a switchgear, a regulator and a recloser.
2. The electrical device of claim 1, wherein the composition has a pour point of less than -25°C.
3. The electrical device of claim 1 or 2, wherein the composition further comprises at least one pour point depressant.
4. The electrical device of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the device is a transformer.
5. The electrical device of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the dielectric fluid composition further comprises at least a second vegetable oil.
6. The electrical device of claim 5, wherein the second vegetable oil is selected from the group consisting of soybean, sunflower, crambe, corn, olive, cottonseed, safflower, vernonia, lesquerelia and combinations thereof.
7. The electrical device of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the dielectric fluid composition further comprises at least one synthetic ester.
8. The electrical device of claim 7, wherein the dielectric fluid composition comprises 25% by weight to 70% by weight of the synthetic ester.
9. The electrical device of claim 7 or 8, wherein the synthetic ester is a bio based material.
10. The electrical device of any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the at least one rapeseed oil has a viscosity between 2 and 15 cSt at 100°C and less than 110 cSt at 40°C.
11. The electrical device of any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the one or more antioxidant compounds comprise butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), tertiary butyihydroxyquinone (TBHQ), tetrahydroxybutrophenone (THBP), ascorbyl paimitate, propyl gailate, or alpha-, beta-or delta-tocopherol.
12. The electrical device of any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the dielectric fluid composition further comprises a colorant.
13. The electrical device of any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the dielectric fluid composition is readily biodegradable as defined by USEPA OPPTS 835.3110.
14. The electrical device of any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the dielectric fluid composition is ultimately biodegradable as defined by USEPA OPPTS
835.3100.
835.3100.
15. The electrical device of any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the dielectric fluid composition is biodegradable as measured by method OECD 301.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA2786816A CA2786816C (en) | 2007-05-17 | 2008-05-13 | Vegetable oil dielectric fluid composition |
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP07108428.9 | 2007-05-17 | ||
US11/804,306 US8801975B2 (en) | 2007-05-17 | 2007-05-17 | Vegetable oil dielectric fluid composition |
EP07108428A EP1995301A1 (en) | 2007-05-17 | 2007-05-17 | Vegetable oil dielectric fluid composition |
US11/804,306 | 2007-05-17 | ||
PCT/US2008/006081 WO2008143830A1 (en) | 2007-05-17 | 2008-05-13 | Vegetable oil dielectric fluid composition |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CA2786816A Division CA2786816C (en) | 2007-05-17 | 2008-05-13 | Vegetable oil dielectric fluid composition |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CA2683310A1 CA2683310A1 (en) | 2008-11-27 |
CA2683310C true CA2683310C (en) | 2012-10-23 |
Family
ID=39651238
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CA2786816A Expired - Fee Related CA2786816C (en) | 2007-05-17 | 2008-05-13 | Vegetable oil dielectric fluid composition |
CA2683310A Expired - Fee Related CA2683310C (en) | 2007-05-17 | 2008-05-13 | Vegetable oil dielectric fluid composition |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CA2786816A Expired - Fee Related CA2786816C (en) | 2007-05-17 | 2008-05-13 | Vegetable oil dielectric fluid composition |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
KR (1) | KR20100022473A (en) |
CN (1) | CN101688149A (en) |
CA (2) | CA2786816C (en) |
NO (1) | NO20093475L (en) |
WO (1) | WO2008143830A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
RU2516470C2 (en) * | 2009-07-07 | 2014-05-20 | Зм Инновейтив Пропертиз Компани | Electric equipment, containing dielectric oil with erucic acid |
JP5764298B2 (en) * | 2010-03-31 | 2015-08-19 | 出光興産株式会社 | Biodegradable lubricating oil composition having flame retardancy |
ES2909143T3 (en) | 2010-11-03 | 2022-05-05 | Corbion Biotech Inc | Genetically modified Chlorella or Prototheca microbes and oil produced from these |
KR101932295B1 (en) * | 2010-12-30 | 2018-12-24 | 유니온 카바이드 케미칼즈 앤드 플라스틱스 테크날러지 엘엘씨 | Method of removing impurities from natural ester oil, manufacture of oil-based dielectric fluids |
IT1403878B1 (en) | 2011-02-14 | 2013-11-08 | A & A Flii Parodi Srl | VEGETABLE DIELECTRIC FLUID FOR ELECTRIC TRANSFORMERS |
BR112013033455B1 (en) * | 2011-06-27 | 2019-10-15 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | DIELECTRIC FLUID AND DEVICE |
CA2870364A1 (en) | 2012-04-18 | 2013-10-24 | Solazyme, Inc. | Recombinant microbes with modified fatty acid synthetic pathway enzymes and uses thereof |
CN104822812A (en) * | 2012-11-13 | 2015-08-05 | 纳幕尔杜邦公司 | Blended oil compositions useful as dielectric fluid compositions and methods of preparing same |
EP2853802A1 (en) * | 2013-09-26 | 2015-04-01 | M-I Finland Oy | Flow improver aid composition, process for its preparation and methods of using it |
EP2853801A1 (en) * | 2013-09-26 | 2015-04-01 | M-I Finland Oy | Drag reducing agent composition, process for its preparation and method for reducing drag |
CN106574255A (en) | 2014-07-10 | 2017-04-19 | 泰拉瑞亚控股公司 | Ketoacyl acp synthase genes and uses thereof |
CN104134519B (en) * | 2014-07-15 | 2016-08-24 | 国家电网公司 | A kind of environment-friendly type oil immersion-type distribution transformer based on high burning-point vegetable oil |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FI66899C (en) * | 1983-02-11 | 1984-12-10 | Kasvisoeljy Vaextolje Ab Oy | SMOERJMEDEL MED TRIGLYCERIDER SOM HUVUDKONPONENT |
DE3927155A1 (en) * | 1989-08-17 | 1991-02-21 | Henkel Kgaa | ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY BASIC OIL FOR THE FORMULATION OF HYDRAULIC OILS |
US5169669A (en) * | 1991-09-25 | 1992-12-08 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Cooking oils |
AU692791B2 (en) * | 1993-10-12 | 1998-06-18 | Agrigenetics, Inc. | Brassica napus variety AG019 |
US5949017A (en) * | 1996-06-18 | 1999-09-07 | Abb Power T&D Company Inc. | Electrical transformers containing electrical insulation fluids comprising high oleic acid oil compositions |
US6340658B1 (en) * | 1998-05-11 | 2002-01-22 | Wavely Light And Power | Vegetable-based transformer oil and transmission line fluid |
US6534454B1 (en) * | 2000-06-28 | 2003-03-18 | Renewable Lubricants, Inc. | Biodegradable vegetable oil compositions |
-
2008
- 2008-05-13 KR KR1020097026415A patent/KR20100022473A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2008-05-13 CN CN200880016112A patent/CN101688149A/en active Pending
- 2008-05-13 CA CA2786816A patent/CA2786816C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-05-13 CA CA2683310A patent/CA2683310C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-05-13 WO PCT/US2008/006081 patent/WO2008143830A1/en active Application Filing
-
2009
- 2009-12-04 NO NO20093475A patent/NO20093475L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2786816A1 (en) | 2008-11-27 |
CN101688149A (en) | 2010-03-31 |
NO20093475L (en) | 2009-12-04 |
WO2008143830A1 (en) | 2008-11-27 |
CA2786816C (en) | 2014-12-23 |
KR20100022473A (en) | 2010-03-02 |
CA2683310A1 (en) | 2008-11-27 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US8801975B2 (en) | Vegetable oil dielectric fluid composition | |
CA2683310C (en) | Vegetable oil dielectric fluid composition | |
EP0950249B1 (en) | High oleic acid electrical insulation fluids and devices containing the fluids | |
US5958851A (en) | Soybean based transformer oil and transmission line fluid | |
US6340658B1 (en) | Vegetable-based transformer oil and transmission line fluid | |
US6312623B1 (en) | High oleic acid oil compositions and methods of making and electrical insulation fluids and devices comprising the same | |
CA2785645C (en) | Algae oil based dielectric fluid for electrical components | |
US6159913A (en) | Soybean based transformer oil and transmission line fluid | |
AU721761B2 (en) | High oleic acid electrical insulation fluids and method of making the same | |
EP2388785A1 (en) | Method of making a vegetable oil dielectric fluid composition | |
EP2128874B1 (en) | Electrical equipment insulated with a biodegradable dielectric fluid | |
EP2128873B1 (en) | Biodegradable dielectric fluid | |
RU2411599C1 (en) | Biologically degradable liquid dielectric | |
AU772953B2 (en) | High oleic acid electrical insulation fluids and devices containing the fluids | |
MXPA01001891A (en) | High oleic acid oil compositions and electrical devices containing the same |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
EEER | Examination request | ||
MKLA | Lapsed |
Effective date: 20220513 |