NO174160B - Ethanol fuel, and its use as diesel fuel - Google Patents
Ethanol fuel, and its use as diesel fuel Download PDFInfo
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- NO174160B NO174160B NO903670A NO903670A NO174160B NO 174160 B NO174160 B NO 174160B NO 903670 A NO903670 A NO 903670A NO 903670 A NO903670 A NO 903670A NO 174160 B NO174160 B NO 174160B
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- polyalkylene glycol
- ethanol
- fuel
- glycol compound
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- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 68
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims description 27
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 title description 6
- 229920001515 polyalkylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 29
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 24
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- -1 ethyleneoxy groups Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000005529 alkyleneoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims 6
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 8
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical group C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 4
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IGFHQQFPSIBGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nonylphenol Natural products CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IGFHQQFPSIBGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 3
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- SNQQPOLDUKLAAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonylphenol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1O SNQQPOLDUKLAAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YIWUKEYIRIRTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)CO YIWUKEYIRIRTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004129 EU approved improving agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000003573 thiols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- JKTAIYGNOFSMCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-di(nonyl)phenol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC(O)=C1CCCCCCCCC JKTAIYGNOFSMCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NKRVGWFEFKCZAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexyl nitrate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)CO[N+]([O-])=O NKRVGWFEFKCZAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002565 Polyethylene Glycol 400 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003398 denaturant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009965 odorless effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000467 secondary amino group Chemical class [H]N([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
Description
Foreliggende oppfinnelse vedrører et etanoldrivstoff som inneholder polyalkylenglykol forbindelser som tenningsforbedrende middel, samt anvendelse av etanoldrivstoffet som dieseldrivstoff. The present invention relates to an ethanol fuel that contains polyalkylene glycol compounds as an ignition improving agent, as well as the use of the ethanol fuel as diesel fuel.
I en dieselmotor blir forbrenningsluften komprimert til ca. 40 bar og luften får dermed en temperatur som er høy nok til å antenne dieseloljen som injiseres. For gassolje er brukstemperaturen spesifisert til 336 °C og for kerosen er den 295 °C. For vannfri etanol er antenningstemperaturen i luft spesifisert til 558 °C og i oksygengass til 425 °C. Videre vil fordamping av etanol tilsvare en luftavkjøling på ca. 125 °C i et støkiometrisk forhold mellom etanol og luf t«På grunn; avetanolens høye antenningstemperatur er det ikke mulig å bruke ren etanol som drivstoff i en vanlig dieselmotor. In a diesel engine, the combustion air is compressed to approx. 40 bar and the air thus gets a temperature high enough to ignite the diesel oil that is injected. For gas oil, the operating temperature is specified at 336 °C and for kerosene it is 295 °C. For anhydrous ethanol, the ignition temperature in air is specified at 558 °C and in oxygen gas at 425 °C. Furthermore, evaporation of ethanol will correspond to an air cooling of approx. 125 °C in a stoichiometric ratio between ethanol and air. due to ethanol's high ignition temperature, it is not possible to use pure ethanol as fuel in a normal diesel engine.
En måte å antenne etanoldrivstoffet på er å forsyne dieselmotoren med tennplugger, men dette medfører betydelige modifikasjoner av motorkonstruksjonen. I vanlige dieselmotorer blir etanolen tilsatt et såkalt antenningsforbed-rende middel dvs. en forbindelse som senker drivstoffets antenningstemperatur. Den overveiende gruppen antennings-forbedrende midler er gruppen bestående av alkylnitrater og den mest brukte forbindelsen er 2-etylheksylnitrat, generelt forkortet til EHN. One way to ignite the ethanol fuel is to supply the diesel engine with spark plugs, but this entails significant modifications to the engine construction. In ordinary diesel engines, a so-called ignition improving agent is added to the ethanol, i.e. a compound that lowers the fuel's ignition temperature. The predominant group of ignition improvers is the group consisting of alkyl nitrates and the most commonly used compound is 2-ethylhexyl nitrate, generally abbreviated to EHN.
EHN som har en sterk og ubehagelig lukt, er toksisk og kan hydrolyseres til salpetersyre og 2-etylheksanol når det lagres i lengre perioder, spesielt ved høy temperatur. Hydrolysen gir en markert reduksjon av pH og dette kan medføre en alvorlig korrosjonsrisiko. Et annet viktig poeng som taler mot bruk av EHN er at forbindelsen inneholder nitrogen som kan øke mengden av nitrogenoksyder i eksosen. Det er derfor generelt ønskelig at EHN og andre nitrogen-baserte tenningsforbedrende midler kan erstattes av et middel som er mindre miljøskadelig og som har høyere stabi-litet. EHN, which has a strong and unpleasant odor, is toxic and can be hydrolyzed to nitric acid and 2-ethylhexanol when stored for long periods, especially at high temperature. Hydrolysis causes a marked reduction in pH and this can lead to a serious corrosion risk. Another important point against the use of EHN is that the compound contains nitrogen which can increase the amount of nitrogen oxides in the exhaust. It is therefore generally desirable that EHN and other nitrogen-based ignition improving agents can be replaced by an agent which is less harmful to the environment and which has higher stability.
Det er også kjent å tilsette korrosjonsinhibitorer og smøremidler til drivstoff. DE-A1-3.628.504 beskriver en drivstoffblanding av hydrokarboner, en alkohol og en korro-sjonsinhibitor i en mengde på opptil 5000 ppm. Denne inhi-bitoren inneholder en overflateaktiv forbindelse, f.eks. blokk-kopolymerer av alkylenoksyder. It is also known to add corrosion inhibitors and lubricants to fuel. DE-A1-3,628,504 describes a fuel mixture of hydrocarbons, an alcohol and a corrosion inhibitor in an amount of up to 5000 ppm. This inhibitor contains a surfactant compound, e.g. block copolymers of alkylene oxides.
GB-A2-143.846 beskriver anvendelse av 0.005 - 0.05 vekt% polyalkylenglykol som smøremiddel i et dieseldrivstoff basert på metanol og/eller etanol. GB-A2-143,846 describes the use of 0.005 - 0.05% by weight polyalkylene glycol as a lubricant in a diesel fuel based on methanol and/or ethanol.
Det er funnet at de nevnte ulempene med EHN kan elimineres ved bruk av polyalkylenglykolforbindelser som tenningsforbedrende middel i etanoldrivstoff. Etanoldrivstoffet i henhold til oppfinnelsen erkarakterisert vedat det er i form av en løsning bestående av 62 - 94 %, fortrinnsvis 70 - 85 % etanol, 2 - 8 %, fortrinnsvis 3 - 6 % vann og minst 1-30 %, fortrinnsvis 2 - 20 % , av en vannløselig polyalkylenglykolforbindelse som inneholder 6-50 alkylen-oksydenheter med 2-4 karbonatomer og som har en molekylvekt på mindre enn 2500. It has been found that the aforementioned disadvantages of EHN can be eliminated by using polyalkylene glycol compounds as ignition improving agents in ethanol fuel. The ethanol fuel according to the invention is characterized in that it is in the form of a solution consisting of 62 - 94%, preferably 70 - 85% ethanol, 2 - 8%, preferably 3 - 6% water and at least 1 - 30%, preferably 2 - 20 % , of a water-soluble polyalkylene glycol compound containing 6-50 alkylene oxide units with 2-4 carbon atoms and having a molecular weight of less than 2500.
Spesifikke eksempler på slike polyalkylenglykolforbindelser er de som kan uttrykkes med den generelle formel Specific examples of such polyalkylene glycol compounds are those which can be expressed by the general formula
R 0(A)nH, R 0(A)nH,
hvor R er hydrogen eller en hydrokarbongruppe med 1 til 30 karbonatomer, A er en alkylenoksydgruppe med 2-3 karbonatomer, hvor minst 20 % av alle alkylenoksydgruppene er etylenoksydgrupper og n er et heltall valgt slik at polyalkylenglykol forbindelsen har en molekylvekt på fra 300 til 2000, fortrinnsvis fra 400 til 1000. where R is hydrogen or a hydrocarbon group with 1 to 30 carbon atoms, A is an alkylene oxide group with 2-3 carbon atoms, where at least 20% of all alkylene oxide groups are ethylene oxide groups and n is an integer chosen so that the polyalkylene glycol compound has a molecular weight of from 300 to 2000 , preferably from 400 to 1000.
Andre brukbare polyalkylenglykolforbindelser er forbindelser hvor alkylenoksyd med 2-3 karbonatomer er kombinert med en tiolforbindelse, en karboksylsyre, et primært eller sekundært amin, eller et alkanolamin i en slik mengde at polyalkylenglykolforbindelsen erholder den ønskede molekylvekt. Other usable polyalkylene glycol compounds are compounds where alkylene oxide with 2-3 carbon atoms is combined with a thiol compound, a carboxylic acid, a primary or secondary amine, or an alkanolamine in such an amount that the polyalkylene glycol compound obtains the desired molecular weight.
I konvensjonelle dieselmotorer er mengden av polyalkylen-glykolen som tilsettes fortrinnsvis 12 - 20 vekt%, men ved å optimalisere motoren, f.eks. ved å øke kompresjonsfor-holdet og/eller forvarme innløpsluften, kan tilsetningen reduseres fortrinnsvis til 2-12 vekt%. Etanolblandingen i foreliggende oppfinnelse har en utmerket brennbarhet og polyalkylenglykolforbindelsene er luktfrie, ikke-toksiske og stabile ved lagring. Siden de lett kan velges på en slik måte at de kun inneholder karbon, hydrogen og oksygen, vil ikke forbrenningen medføre noen fare for miljøet og undersøkelser har vist at etanoldrivstoffet i henhold til oppfinnelsen har utmerket forbrenning og at innholdet av organiske hydrokarboner er lavt, vanligvis langt under 1000 ppm. In conventional diesel engines, the amount of the polyalkylene glycol that is added is preferably 12 - 20% by weight, but by optimizing the engine, e.g. by increasing the compression ratio and/or preheating the inlet air, the addition can preferably be reduced to 2-12% by weight. The ethanol mixture in the present invention has an excellent combustibility and the polyalkylene glycol compounds are odorless, non-toxic and stable on storage. Since they can easily be selected in such a way that they contain only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, the combustion will not cause any danger to the environment and investigations have shown that the ethanol fuel according to the invention has excellent combustion and that the content of organic hydrocarbons is low, usually well below 1000 ppm.
Det er viktig at polyalkylenglykol forbindelsene har en molekylvekt høyere enn 300, fordi forbindelser med lavere molekylvekt har en tenningsforbedrende effekt som er alt for lav, mens forbindelser med molekylvekt høyere enn ca. 2500 ikke er tilstrekkelig stabile i etanoldrivstoffet. Dersom det tilsettes store mengder polyalkylenglykol forbindelser, bør molekylvekten derav ikke overstige 1000 for å sikre en tilfredstillende løselighet i etanol drivstoffet. Polyalkylenglykolforbindelsene i henhold til oppfinnelsen kan erholdes både fra etylenoksyd og blandinger av etylenoksyd og propylenoksyd. Dersom det anvendes blandinger av etylenoksyd og propylenoksyd, kan disse kombineres både tilfeldig og i en eller flere blokker. Alkylenoksydene kan også kombineres med en forbindelse som inneholder aktivt hydrogen, som f.eks. en alkohol, en karboksylsyre, et amin, en tiol eller en fenolforbindelse. Alkoholen, karboksylsyren, aminet eller tiolen velges fortrinnsvis slik at det inneholder 1-16 karbonatomer og fenolforbin-delsen slik at den inneholder 6-15 karbonatomer. It is important that the polyalkylene glycol compounds have a molecular weight higher than 300, because compounds with a lower molecular weight have an ignition-improving effect that is far too low, while compounds with a molecular weight higher than approx. 2500 are not sufficiently stable in the ethanol fuel. If large amounts of polyalkylene glycol compounds are added, their molecular weight should not exceed 1000 to ensure satisfactory solubility in the ethanol fuel. The polyalkylene glycol compounds according to the invention can be obtained both from ethylene oxide and mixtures of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide. If mixtures of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide are used, these can be combined both randomly and in one or more blocks. The alkylene oxides can also be combined with a compound containing active hydrogen, such as e.g. an alcohol, a carboxylic acid, an amine, a thiol or a phenolic compound. The alcohol, carboxylic acid, amine or thiol is preferably chosen so that it contains 1-16 carbon atoms and the phenolic compound so that it contains 6-15 carbon atoms.
Fortrinnsvis er polyalkylenglykolforbindelsene hovedsakelig fri for aske, f.eks. lavere enn 0.02 %, for å minimalisere avsetninger i sylindrene og den katalytiske eksosconver-teren. Vanligvis inneholder polyalkylenglykolforbindelsene aske fra metallforbindelser som brukes ved fremstillingen. Disse metallforbindelsene kan fjernes ved ionebytting eller utfelling etterfulgt av filtrering. En annen metode for å erholde askefrie polyalkylenglykoler er å bruke askefrie forbindelser som katalysatorer ved fremstillingen. Preferably, the polyalkylene glycol compounds are substantially free of ash, e.g. lower than 0.02%, to minimize deposits in the cylinders and the catalytic exhaust converter. Generally, the polyalkylene glycol compounds contain ash from metal compounds used in their manufacture. These metal compounds can be removed by ion exchange or precipitation followed by filtration. Another method for obtaining ash-free polyalkylene glycols is to use ash-free compounds as catalysts during production.
I tillegg til etanol, vann og polyalkylenglykolforbindelsene, kan drivstoffet i henhold til oppfinnelsen også inneholde et antall konvensjonelle additiver, som f.eks. korrosjonsinhibitorer, smøremidler og denaturanter. In addition to ethanol, water and the polyalkylene glycol compounds, the fuel according to the invention can also contain a number of conventional additives, such as e.g. corrosion inhibitors, lubricants and denaturants.
Oppfinnelsen vil bli nærmere illustrert ved de etterføl-gende eksempler. The invention will be further illustrated by the following examples.
EKSEMPEL 1. EXAMPLE 1.
Forskjellige etanoldrivstoff ble undersøkt i en 6-sylindret superladet laboratoriedieselmotor med et kompresjons forhold på 18:1. Drivstoffinjektorene hadde fem hull med en diame-ter på 0.42 mm. Under forsøket ble innholdet av organiske hydrokarboner i eksosen bestemt ved forskjellige motor-hastigheter og ved en belastning på 2 %. De undersøkte etanoldrivstoffene inneholdt 60.8 vektdeler etanol, 3.2 vektdeler vann og 22 vektdeler polyetylenglykol med molekylvekt 400 (PEG 400), eller 20 vektdeler av et addukt bestående av nonylfenol kombinert med 16 mol EO (NF + 16 EO), eller av dinonylfenol kombinert med 20 mol alkylenoksyd bestående av 30 % etylenoksyd og 70 % propylenoksyd (DNF + (6 EO + 14 PO)). Følgende resultater ble erholdt : Resultatene viser at etanoldrivstoffet i henhold til oppfinnelsen med fordel kan brukes som dieseldrivstoff og at innholdet av hydrokarboner i eksosen i hovedsak er under 1000 ppm. Innhold av hydrokarboner i eksosgassen over 1000 ppm er uakseptabelt av miljøhensyn. Different ethanol fuels were investigated in a 6-cylinder supercharged laboratory diesel engine with a compression ratio of 18:1. The fuel injectors had five holes with a diameter of 0.42 mm. During the experiment, the content of organic hydrocarbons in the exhaust was determined at different engine speeds and at a load of 2%. The investigated ethanol fuels contained 60.8 parts by weight of ethanol, 3.2 parts by weight of water and 22 parts by weight of polyethylene glycol with a molecular weight of 400 (PEG 400), or 20 parts by weight of an adduct consisting of nonylphenol combined with 16 mol of EO (NF + 16 EO), or of dinonylphenol combined with 20 moles of alkylene oxide consisting of 30% ethylene oxide and 70% propylene oxide (DNF + (6 EO + 14 PO)). The following results were obtained: The results show that the ethanol fuel according to the invention can advantageously be used as diesel fuel and that the content of hydrocarbons in the exhaust is mainly below 1000 ppm. Content of hydrocarbons in the exhaust gas above 1000 ppm is unacceptable for environmental reasons.
EKSEMPEL 2. EXAMPLE 2.
Det ble utført undersøkelser med den samme dieselmotoren som i eksempel 1. Dieselmotoren ble oppvarmet ved 1300 rpm med en belastning på 550 Nm, hvorved motoren ble kjørt i 10 minutter på tomgang. Dieseldrivstoffet bestod av 60.8 vektdeler etanol, 3.2 vektdeler vann og 14 eller alter-nativt 17 vektdeler polyalkylenglykolforbindelse bestående av nonylfenol kombinert med 16 mol etylenoksyd pr. mol nonylfenol (NF+16 EO). I enkelte forsøk ble motoren også forsynt med en katalysator for rensing av eksosen. Investigations were carried out with the same diesel engine as in example 1. The diesel engine was warmed up at 1300 rpm with a load of 550 Nm, whereby the engine was run for 10 minutes at idle. The diesel fuel consisted of 60.8 parts by weight of ethanol, 3.2 parts by weight of water and 14 or alternatively 17 parts by weight of a polyalkylene glycol compound consisting of nonylphenol combined with 16 mol of ethylene oxide per moles of nonylphenol (NF+16 EO). In some trials, the engine was also provided with a catalyst for cleaning the exhaust.
Resultatene i tabell 2 viser at selv på tomgang, når innholdet av hydrokarboner i eksosen vanligvis er meget høyt, vil innholdet av hydrokarboner i eksosen holde seg godt under 1000 ppm når det brukes et etanoldrivstoff i henhold til foreliggende oppfinnelse. The results in Table 2 show that even at idle, when the content of hydrocarbons in the exhaust is usually very high, the content of hydrocarbons in the exhaust will remain well below 1000 ppm when an ethanol fuel according to the present invention is used.
EKSEMPEL 3. EXAMPLE 3.
På samme måte som i eksempel 1 ble det undersøkt et etanol-drivstof f ved 2000 rpm. Etanoldrivstoffet inneholdt 60,8 vektdeler etanol, 3,2 vektdeler vann og 18,7 vektdeler polyetylenglykol med en molekylvekt på 600. Eksosgassen ble funnet å inneholde 650 ppm av organiske hydrokarboner. In the same way as in example 1, an ethanol fuel f was examined at 2000 rpm. The ethanol fuel contained 60.8 parts by weight of ethanol, 3.2 parts by weight of water and 18.7 parts by weight of polyethylene glycol with a molecular weight of 600. The exhaust gas was found to contain 650 ppm of organic hydrocarbons.
Claims (8)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE8800597A SE463028B (en) | 1988-02-22 | 1988-02-22 | ETHANOL BRAZLE AND ITS APPLICATION AS DIESEL BRAZEN |
| PCT/SE1989/000055 WO1989007637A1 (en) | 1988-02-22 | 1989-02-10 | Ethanol fuel and its use as a diesel fuel |
Publications (4)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NO903670D0 NO903670D0 (en) | 1990-08-21 |
| NO903670L NO903670L (en) | 1990-10-19 |
| NO174160B true NO174160B (en) | 1993-12-13 |
| NO174160C NO174160C (en) | 1994-03-23 |
Family
ID=26660117
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO903670A NO174160C (en) | 1988-02-22 | 1990-08-21 | Ethanol fuel, and its use as diesel fuel |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| NO (1) | NO174160C (en) |
-
1990
- 1990-08-21 NO NO903670A patent/NO174160C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NO903670L (en) | 1990-10-19 |
| NO174160C (en) | 1994-03-23 |
| NO903670D0 (en) | 1990-08-21 |
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