NO173183B - NITROCELLULOSE-BASED FUEL MIXTURE - Google Patents
NITROCELLULOSE-BASED FUEL MIXTURE Download PDFInfo
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- NO173183B NO173183B NO872742A NO872742A NO173183B NO 173183 B NO173183 B NO 173183B NO 872742 A NO872742 A NO 872742A NO 872742 A NO872742 A NO 872742A NO 173183 B NO173183 B NO 173183B
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- lead
- propellant
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- copper
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 33
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims 5
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 claims description 53
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000020 Nitrocellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- LLVFMJQPUWTQTM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 2-carboxy-5-hydroxyphenolate;lead(2+) Chemical compound [Pb+2].OC1=CC=C(C([O-])=O)C(O)=C1 LLVFMJQPUWTQTM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- CNVULGHYDPMIHD-UHFFFAOYSA-L bis[(2-hydroxybenzoyl)oxy]lead Chemical compound [Pb+2].OC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O.OC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O CNVULGHYDPMIHD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 7
- URAYPUMNDPQOKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N triacetin Chemical compound CC(=O)OCC(OC(C)=O)COC(C)=O URAYPUMNDPQOKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000005749 Copper compound Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001880 copper compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002611 lead compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- CMRVDFLZXRTMTH-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper;2-carboxyphenolate Chemical compound [Cu+2].OC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O.OC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O CMRVDFLZXRTMTH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyl phthalate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCC DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N resorcinol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1 GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- POCJOGNVFHPZNS-ZJUUUORDSA-N (6S,7R)-2-azaspiro[5.5]undecan-7-ol Chemical compound O[C@@H]1CCCC[C@]11CNCCC1 POCJOGNVFHPZNS-ZJUUUORDSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- BSPUVYFGURDFHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitramine Natural products CC1C(O)CCC2CCCNC12 BSPUVYFGURDFHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- UQLDLKMNUJERMK-UHFFFAOYSA-L di(octadecanoyloxy)lead Chemical compound [Pb+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O UQLDLKMNUJERMK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013773 glyceryl triacetate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001087 glyceryl triacetate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- POCJOGNVFHPZNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isonitramine Natural products OC1CCCCC11CNCCC1 POCJOGNVFHPZNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001610 polycaprolactone Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004632 polycaprolactone Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960002622 triacetin Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- RUKISNQKOIKZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-nitrodiphenylamine Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC=C1NC1=CC=CC=C1 RUKISNQKOIKZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- YQUVCSBJEUQKSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 YQUVCSBJEUQKSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- HOQPTLCRWVZIQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-H bis[[2-(5-hydroxy-4,7-dioxo-1,3,2$l^{2}-dioxaplumbepan-5-yl)acetyl]oxy]lead Chemical compound [Pb+2].[Pb+2].[Pb+2].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O HOQPTLCRWVZIQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004204 candelilla wax Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940073532 candelilla wax Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013868 candelilla wax Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- IUJAMGNYPWYUPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N hentriacontane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC IUJAMGNYPWYUPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- YJOMWQQKPKLUBO-UHFFFAOYSA-L lead(2+);phthalate Chemical compound [Pb+2].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O YJOMWQQKPKLUBO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940105289 carbon black Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229960002380 dibutyl phthalate Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- -1 RDX (cyclo-1 Chemical compound 0.000 description 4
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- YEOCHZFPBYUXMC-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper benzoate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1.[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 YEOCHZFPBYUXMC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- JXSRRBVHLUJJFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7-amino-2-methylsulfanyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-6-carbonitrile Chemical compound N1=CC(C#N)=C(N)N2N=C(SC)N=C21 JXSRRBVHLUJJFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical group O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SNIOPGDIGTZGOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitroglycerin Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)OCC(O[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+]([O-])=O SNIOPGDIGTZGOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960003711 glyceryl trinitrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B25/00—Compositions containing a nitrated organic compound
- C06B25/18—Compositions containing a nitrated organic compound the compound being nitrocellulose present as 10% or more by weight of the total composition
- C06B25/24—Compositions containing a nitrated organic compound the compound being nitrocellulose present as 10% or more by weight of the total composition with nitroglycerine
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B23/00—Compositions characterised by non-explosive or non-thermic constituents
- C06B23/007—Ballistic modifiers, burning rate catalysts, burning rate depressing agents, e.g. for gas generating
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
- Air Bags (AREA)
- Polysaccharides And Polysaccharide Derivatives (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
Description
Oppfinnelsen vedrører nitrocellulose (NC)-basert drivmiddel som inneholder ballistisk modifiseringsmiddel for å produsere effekten av platå- eller mesa-brenning over betydelige trykk-områder. The invention relates to nitrocellulose (NC)-based propellant containing ballistic modifier to produce the effect of plateau or mesa burning over significant pressure ranges.
Fremstilling av nitrocellulosedrivmidler er beskrevet i kapittel 17 i boken "High Explosives and Propellants" av S Fordham, 2. utgave, Pergamon Press 1980. Produksjonen av støpt dobbeltbasis-nitrocellulosedrivmiddel er også beskrevet i britiske patentskrifter nr. 827.012 og 1.095.471. The manufacture of nitrocellulose propellants is described in Chapter 17 of the book "High Explosives and Propellants" by S Fordham, 2nd edition, Pergamon Press 1980. The manufacture of cast double base nitrocellulose propellant is also described in British Patent Nos. 827,012 and 1,095,471.
Generelt står, for en gitt antennelsestemperatur, brennhastigheten til et drivmiddel i et forbrenningskammer i forhold til det trykk som det utsettes for, på en måte som kan uttrykkes matematisk ved uttrykket In general, for a given ignition temperature, the burning rate of a propellant in a combustion chamber is proportional to the pressure to which it is subjected, in a manner that can be expressed mathematically by the expression
hvor r er brennhastigheten, p er trykket og k og n er konstanter som er karakteristiske for drivmidlet. Således øker r eksponen-sielt med økende p, og log r øker lineært med log p, idet kurven for log r mot log p er en linje med skrånende n. I konvensjonelt drivmiddel uten ballistisk modifiseringsmiddel har trykkeksponenten n en verdi på 0,5-0,8, og for rakettpro-pulsjon presenterer den progressive økning i brennhastighet med økende trykk problemer ved konstruksjon av motorer som skal motstå de trykk som kan utvikle seg. For å overvinne dette problem er det blitt utviklet drivmiddelblandinger på NC-basis som inneholder ballistiske modifiseringsmidler, idet modifiseringsmidlet er effektivt til å modifisere brennhastighet- og trykk-slektskapsforholdet slik at trykkeksponenten n reduseres over et nyttig arbeidstrykkområde. I det område hvor n=0, inneholder kurven med log r mot log p en flat del, betegnet et "platå", og brenningen er betegnet "platåbrenning". I noen tilfeller er n redusert til en negativ verdi over et visst trykkområde, og når et slikt drivmiddel brenner, betegnes det "mesa-brenning" . Ballistiske modifiseringsmidler som forårsaker reduksjon av trykkeksponenten, betegnes platoniseringsmidler. Platåbrenningsdrivmidler gir redusert motorytelsesvariabilitet where r is the burning rate, p is the pressure and k and n are constants characteristic of the propellant. Thus, r increases exponentially with increasing p, and log r increases linearly with log p, the curve for log r versus log p being a line with sloping n. In conventional propellant without ballistic modifier, the pressure exponent n has a value of 0.5- 0.8, and for rocket propulsion the progressive increase in burning rate with increasing pressure presents problems in the construction of engines that must withstand the pressures that may develop. To overcome this problem, NC-based propellant mixtures have been developed which contain ballistic modifiers, the modifier being effective in modifying the burn rate and pressure relationship so that the pressure exponent n is reduced over a useful working pressure range. In the area where n=0, the curve of log r against log p contains a flat part, termed a "plateau", and the burn is termed "plateau burn". In some cases, n is reduced to a negative value above a certain pressure range, and when such a propellant burns, it is termed "mesa burning". Ballistic modifiers that cause a reduction in the pressure exponent are called platonizers. Plateau combustion propellants provide reduced engine performance variability
i området av platået, og mesabrenning gir ekstra sikkerhet mot utvikling av høyt trykk i drivmiddelbeholderen. in the area of the plateau, and mesa burning provides extra security against the development of high pressure in the propellant container.
Ballistiske modifiseringsmidler (platoniseringsmidler) som det er vanlig å anvende, inkluderer slike organiske salter som blysalicylat, blystearat eller bly-B-resorcylat og kan også inkludere ytterligere metallsalter, f.eks. kobbersalicylat, kobberstearat eller kobberbenzoat. Anvendelse av slike ballistiske modifiseringsmidler er f.eks. beskrevet i US-patentskrifter nr. 3.088.858, 3.923.564, GB-patentskrift nr. 2.121.399 og japansk patentpublikasjon J55071690. For relativt hurtigbrennende drivmidler omfatter et foretrukket modifiseringsmiddel reaksjons-produktet mellom bly-B-resorcylat og basisk kuprisalicylat som beskrevet i US-patentskrifter nr. 3.138.499, 3.994.757, Ballistic modifiers (platonizers) commonly used include such organic salts as lead salicylate, lead stearate or lead B-resorcylate and may also include additional metal salts, e.g. copper salicylate, copper stearate or copper benzoate. Use of such ballistic modifiers is, for example, described in US Patent Nos. 3,088,858, 3,923,564, GB Patent No. 2,121,399 and Japanese Patent Publication J55071690. For relatively fast-burning propellants, a preferred modifier comprises the reaction product between lead B-resorcylate and basic cupric salicylate as described in US Patent Nos. 3,138,499, 3,994,757,
3.989.776 og 4.001.287. 3,989,776 and 4,001,287.
De løpende anvendte ballistiske modifiseringsmidler har mangler i noen henseender. Således oppviser platoniserte drivmiddelblandinger ofte dårlig reproduserbarhet av platåkarakteri-stikker fra sats til sats, kjemisk ustabilitet under langtids-lagring, forbrenningsustabilitet under brenning og ballistisk drift under lagring. Det er derfor behov for forbedrede ballistiske modifiserte drivmiddelblandinger, spesielt for velplatoni-serte, hurtigbrennende høyenergimaterialer som, når det er nød-vendig, inneholder aluminium eller høye nivåer av energirike fyllstoffer som f.eks. et nitramin, f.eks. RDX (cyklo-1,3,5-tri-metylen-2,4,6-trinitramin). The currently used ballistic modifiers are deficient in some respects. Thus, platonized propellant mixtures often exhibit poor reproducibility of plateau characteristics from batch to batch, chemical instability during long-term storage, combustion instability during burning and ballistic drift during storage. There is therefore a need for improved ballistic modified propellant mixtures, especially for well-platonized, fast-burning high-energy materials which, when necessary, contain aluminum or high levels of high-energy fillers such as a nitramine, e.g. RDX (cyclo-1,3,5-tri-methylene-2,4,6-trinitramine).
Vi har nå oppdaget at NC-baserte drivmidler som har forbedrede platå- eller mesa-brennkarakteristikker kan oppnås ved å anvende ballistisk modifiseringsmiddel som omfatter sinkoksyd. Dette modifiseringsmiddel gir gode kvalitetsplatåer som er reproduserbare fra sats til sats, og de modifiserte drivmidler gjennomgår ikke ballistisk drift ved lagring. We have now discovered that NC-based propellants having improved plateau or mesa burning characteristics can be achieved by using a ballistic modifier comprising zinc oxide. This modifier provides good quality plateaus that are reproducible from batch to batch, and the modified propellants do not undergo ballistic drift during storage.
Sinkoksyd er i seg selv et effektivt ballistisk modifiseringsmiddel for NC-baserte drivmidler inklusive støpt og ekstrudert dobbeltbasisdrivmiddel, men det blir fordelaktig anvendt i tilknytning til andre ballistiske modifiseringsmidler, f.eks. bly-B-resorcylat og blysalicylat for å forsterke den platoniserte brennhastighet. Hos slike blandede ballistiske modifiseringsmidler kan den platoniserte brennhastighet for et drivmiddel bli "avstemt" til kravene til en spesiell rakettmotor, og brennhastigheten kan økes til og med for høy-brenn-hastighetsdrivmidler, i noen tilfeller med 19%. De modifiserte drivmidler har forbedret kjemisk stabilitet, hvilket gjenspeiles i forbedrede oppsprekkingstestresultater. Dette tilskrives reaksjon mellom sinkoksydet og protinsyrerester som er til stede i drivmiddelblandingen, som i fravær av sinkoksyd forårsaker nedbrytning av salpetersyreestere. Zinc oxide is in itself an effective ballistic modifier for NC-based propellants, including cast and extruded double-base propellants, but it is advantageously used in conjunction with other ballistic modifiers, e.g. lead B-resorcylate and lead salicylate to enhance the platonized burning rate. In such mixed ballistic modifiers, the platonized burn rate of a propellant can be "tuned" to the requirements of a particular rocket motor, and the burn rate can be increased even for high-burn-rate propellants, in some cases by 19%. The modified propellants have improved chemical stability, which is reflected in improved cracking test results. This is attributed to reaction between the zinc oxide and protic acid residues present in the propellant mixture, which in the absence of zinc oxide causes the decomposition of nitric acid esters.
Vi har også oppdaget at innlemmelse av sinkoksyd som modifiseringsmiddel i nitrocellulosedrivmidler forbedrer eller eliminerer forbrenningsustabilitet som bevirkes av akustiske resonansbølger som bygger seg opp i et hulrom i en rakettmotor når drivmidlet brennes, og forårsaker vide fluktuasjoner i trykk/tid-brennkarakteristikkene. Forbedringen menes å kunne tilskrives sinkoksydet, på grunn av dets høye smeltepunkt, som virker som et resonansundertrykkende middel. We have also discovered that incorporating zinc oxide as a modifier in nitrocellulose propellants improves or eliminates combustion instability caused by acoustic resonance waves that build up in a cavity in a rocket motor as the propellant is burned, causing wide fluctuations in the pressure/time combustion characteristics. The improvement is believed to be attributable to the zinc oxide, due to its high melting point, which acts as a resonance suppressant.
Således inneholder den NC-baserte drivmiddelblanding ifølge oppfinnelsen minst 0,15 vekt%, regnet på drivmiddelblandingen, av sinkoksyd som ballistisk modifiseringsmiddel. Foretrukne materialer omfatter en blanding av sinkoksyd og en eller flere av bly- eller kobberforbindelsene som er effektive som ballistisk modifiseringsmiddel. Egnede bly- og kobberforbindelser for dette formål inkluderer blystearat, blycitrat, blyftalat, bly-acetoftalat, blysalicylat, bly-B-resorcylat, basisk kobbersalicylat, kobber-B-resorcylat og kobberoksyd. Thus, the NC-based propellant mixture according to the invention contains at least 0.15% by weight, calculated on the propellant mixture, of zinc oxide as a ballistic modifier. Preferred materials include a mixture of zinc oxide and one or more of the lead or copper compounds effective as ballistic modifiers. Suitable lead and copper compounds for this purpose include lead stearate, lead citrate, lead phthalate, lead acetophthalate, lead salicylate, lead B-resorcylate, basic copper salicylate, copper B-resorcylate and copper oxide.
Drivmiddelblandingene i henhold til oppfinnelsen inneholder fortrinnsvis fra 2 til 8,0 vekt% av ballistisk modifiseringsmiddel, og når modifiseringsmidlet omfatter en bly-eller kobberforbindelse som virker som ballistisk modifiseringsmiddel i tilknytning til sinkoksyd, bør blandingen fortrinnsvis inneholde 0,15-5,0 vekt% sinkoksyd. The propellant mixtures according to the invention preferably contain from 2 to 8.0% by weight of ballistic modifier, and when the modifier comprises a lead or copper compound that acts as a ballistic modifier in conjunction with zinc oxide, the mixture should preferably contain 0.15-5.0% by weight % zinc oxide.
I tillegg til nitrocellulosen og det ballistiske modifiseringsmiddel kan drivmiddelblandingene i henhold til oppfinnelsen inneholde konvensjonelle drivmiddelingredienser inklusive NG (i dobbeltbasedrivmiddel); stabilisatorer, f.eks. paranitro-N-metylanilin, 2-nitrodifenylamin eller resorcinol; myknere, f.eks. sukrose-oktoacetat, triacetin eller dibutylftalat; energirike bestanddeler, f.eks. et nitramin, f.eks. RDX eller metallpulver, f.eks. aluminium; brennhastighetsmodererings-midler, f.eks. carbon black; smøremidler, f.eks. candelillavoks; polymere bindemidler, f.eks. polykaprolakton tverrbundet med isocyanat; flammeundertrykkende midler, f.eks. kaliumnitrat, og resonansundertrykkende midler, f.eks. silisiumkarbid. In addition to the nitrocellulose and the ballistic modifier, the propellant mixtures according to the invention may contain conventional propellant ingredients including NG (in double base propellant); stabilizers, e.g. paranitro-N-methylaniline, 2-nitrodiphenylamine or resorcinol; plasticizers, e.g. sucrose octoacetate, triacetin or dibutyl phthalate; energy-rich components, e.g. a nitramine, e.g. RDX or metal powder, e.g. aluminum; burning rate moderators, e.g. carbon black; lubricants, e.g. candelilla wax; polymeric binders, e.g. polycaprolactone cross-linked with isocyanate; flame retardants, e.g. potassium nitrate, and resonance suppressants, e.g. silicon carbide.
Platoniserte drivmiddelblandinger i henhold til oppfinnelsen kan variere over vide områder med hensyn til energi- og brennhastigheter. Således kan et nyttig materiale bli laget som dekker energiområdet fra ca. 800 kalorier/gram til 1200 kalo-rier/gram og brennhastigheter fra ca. 4 mm/sek til ca. 45 mm/sek. Blandingen kan fremstilles ved hjelp av de konvensjonelle driv-middelproduksjonsmetoder som er aktuelle for de respektive typer av nitrocellulosedrivmiddel. Platonized propellant mixtures according to the invention can vary over wide areas with respect to energy and burning rates. Thus, a useful material can be made that covers the energy range from approx. 800 calories/gram to 1200 calories/gram and burning rates from approx. 4 mm/sec to approx. 45 mm/sec. The mixture can be produced using the conventional propellant production methods that are relevant for the respective types of nitrocellulose propellant.
Oppfinnelsen blir ytterligere illustrert ved de følgende eksempler, hvor alle prosenter er gitt i vekt. The invention is further illustrated by the following examples, where all percentages are given by weight.
Eksemplene var satser av drivmiddel med de sammensetninger som er vist i tabell 1, fremstilt ved standarddrivmiddel-produksjonsmetoder som beskrevet i kapittel 17 i boken "High Explosives and Propellants", av S Fordham, 2. utgave, Pergamon Press 1980. Bortsett fra sinkoksydet var de anvendte ingredi-enser vanlig anvendte drivmiddelbestanddeler. The examples were batches of propellant with the compositions shown in Table 1, prepared by standard propellant production methods as described in Chapter 17 of the book "High Explosives and Propellants", by S Fordham, 2nd edition, Pergamon Press 1980. Apart from the zinc oxide, the ingredients used are commonly used propellant components.
Eksemplene 3-6 var støpte dobbeltbasisdrivmidler laget ved en standardmetode hvor et dobbeltbasis-drivmiddelpulver som inneholdt de fleste av ingrediensene ble fremstilt ved en løsningsmiddelinkorporeringsmetode og etterpå blandet med en støpevæske som inneholdt ca. halvparten av nitroglycerolen, Examples 3-6 were cast dual base propellants made by a standard method where a dual base propellant powder containing most of the ingredients was prepared by a solvent incorporation method and then mixed with a casting fluid containing approx. half of the nitroglycerol,
alt triacetinet og endel av stabilisatoren. For testing av brennhastighetene ble det kuttet plater og endebrenningssatser fra det støpte drivmiddel og brent i en motor ved en begynnelses-temperatur på 21°C (med mindre annet er angitt). all the triacetin and part of the stabilizer. For testing the burn rates, slabs and end burn assemblies were cut from the cast propellant and burned in an engine at an initial temperature of 21°C (unless otherwise stated).
Eksemplene 1 og 2 ble foretatt ved løsningsmiddelprosessen. Drivmidlet i henhold til disse eksempler ble ekstrudert til Examples 1 and 2 were carried out by the solvent process. The propellant according to these examples was extruded to
2mm diameter x 18 cm lange strenger som ble overflate-inhibert ved behandling med vinyl-lakk slik at det ble etterlatt en konstant brennende endeoverflate. Brennhastighetene for strengene ble målt over et område med trykk hvor strengene ble brent fra den ubehandlede endeoverflate i et Crawford Bomb strengebrenneapparat under nitrogenatmosfære ved en begynnelses-temperatur på 21°C (med mindre annet er angitt). 2mm diameter x 18cm long strands which were surface-inhibited by treatment with vinyl varnish so that a constant burning end surface was left behind. The burning rates of the strings were measured over a range of pressures where the strings were fired from the untreated end surface in a Crawford Bomb string burner under a nitrogen atmosphere at an initial temperature of 21°C (unless otherwise stated).
Eksempel 1 Example 1
Dette eksempel var en platonisert løsningsmiddelekstrudert dobbeltbase-drivmiddelblanding som inneholdt 4,00% sinkoksyd som det eneste ballistiske modifiseringsmiddel. De ballistiske egenskaper (brennhastighet mot trykk) er vist grafisk i fig. 1 som en avsetning av log brennhastighet mot log trykk. Avset-ningen indikerer at sinkoksydet ga en platåbrennhastighet på This example was a platonized solvent extruded dual base propellant mixture containing 4.00% zinc oxide as the sole ballistic modifier. The ballistic properties (fire rate versus pressure) are shown graphically in fig. 1 as a plot of log burning rate against log pressure. The deposit indicates that the zinc oxide produced a plateau burning rate of
18 mm /sek. ved et trykkområde på 175-225 bar. 18 mm/sec. at a pressure range of 175-225 bar.
Eksempel 2 Example 2
Dette eksempel var et platonisert løsningsmiddelekstrudert dobbeltbasis-drivmiddel som hadde samme sammensetning som eksempel 1, med unntagelse av at det ballistiske modifiseringsmiddel bestod av 2,0% sinkoksyd og 2,0% bly-B-resorcylat. De ballistiske testresultater for dette materiale, vist grafisk i fig. 2, viser at denne blanding oppviste platåbrenning ved høyere brennhastighet på ca. 27 mm/sek. over et trykkområde på ca. 85-200 bar. This example was a platonized solvent extruded dual base propellant having the same composition as Example 1, except that the ballistic modifier consisted of 2.0% zinc oxide and 2.0% lead B-resorcylate. The ballistic test results for this material, shown graphically in fig. 2, shows that this mixture exhibited plateau burning at a higher burning rate of approx. 27 mm/sec. over a pressure range of approx. 85-200 bar.
Eksempler 3( a) og 3( b) Examples 3(a) and 3(b)
Disse eksempler var platoniserte støpte dobbeltbasis-drivmidler med i alt vesentlig samme sammensetning med unntagelse av at eksempel 3(b) inneholdt 0,34% sinkoksyd i tillegg til 1,99% bly-B-resorcylat og 1,99% blysalicylat som ballistisk modifiseringsmiddel. De ballistiske testresultater for disse materialer er vist grafisk i fig. 3. Disse resultater viser at sinkoksydet ga et høyere brennhastighetsplatå over et økt trykkområde på ca. 80-175 bar. These examples were platonized cast double base propellants of essentially the same composition with the exception that example 3(b) contained 0.34% zinc oxide in addition to 1.99% lead B-resorcylate and 1.99% lead salicylate as ballistic modifier . The ballistic test results for these materials are shown graphically in fig. 3. These results show that the zinc oxide produced a higher burning rate plateau over an increased pressure range of approx. 80-175 bar.
Plater av blandingene ble lagret ved 60°C i 12 uker, og brennhastighetene ble igjen bestemt. Eksempel 3(a) viste 7% nedadrettet ballistisk drift over lagringsperioden mens eksempel 3(b) viste i det vesentlige uendret ballistikk, hvilket indikerer effekten av sinkoksydet med hensyn til å for-hindre den nedadrettede ballistiske drift som vanligvis tilskrives reaksjon mellom bly-B-resorcylat og blysalicylat i blandingen. Plates of the mixtures were stored at 60°C for 12 weeks and the burning rates were again determined. Example 3(a) showed 7% downward ballistic drift over the storage period while Example 3(b) showed essentially unchanged ballistics, indicating the effect of the zinc oxide in preventing the downward ballistic drift commonly attributed to lead-B reaction -resorcylate and lead salicylate in the mixture.
Eksempel 4 Example 4
Dette eksempel var en platonisert elastomer-modifisert støpt dobbeltbasis-drivmiddelblanding som inneholdt 0,66% sinkoksyd, 1,98% bly-B-resorcylat, 1,98% blysalicylat og 3,53% av et polymert bindemiddel som bestod av polykaprolakton tverrbundet med isocyanat. Brennhastigheten testet ved begynnelses-temperaturer på -40, 21 og 60°C var 25-26 m/sek. i hvert tilfelle over et platonisert brennområde på 100-175 bar, som vist i fig. 4. This example was a platonized elastomer-modified cast dual-base propellant mixture containing 0.66% zinc oxide, 1.98% lead B-resorcylate, 1.98% lead salicylate, and 3.53% of a polymeric binder consisting of polycaprolactone cross-linked with isocyanate. The burning speed tested at initial temperatures of -40, 21 and 60°C was 25-26 m/sec. in each case over a platonized combustion range of 100-175 bar, as shown in fig. 4.
Brennhastigheten varierte ikke meget med begynnelses-temperaturen (d.v.s. at temperaturkoeffisienten var lav) over området -40 til 60°C i platåbrennområdet. The burning rate did not vary much with the initial temperature (i.e. the temperature coefficient was low) over the range of -40 to 60°C in the plateau burning region.
Eksempler 5( a) og 5( b) Examples 5(a) and 5(b)
Disse eksempler var platoniserte aluminiumfylte støpte dobbeltbasis-drivmidler som hadde i alt vesentlig samme sammensetning, med unntagelse av at eksempel 5(b) inneholdt 0,34% sinkoksyd. 5,1 cm terninger av begge blandinger ble lagret ved 80°C og testet (med røntgenstråler) med hensyn på tegn på opp-sprekking eller interne feil. Eksempel 5(a) viste sprekker etter 8 dager, mens eksempel 5(b) ikke viste noe tegn på opp-sprekking før etter 21 dager. These examples were platonized aluminium-filled cast double-base propellants having essentially the same composition, with the exception that example 5(b) contained 0.34% zinc oxide. 5.1 cm cubes of both mixtures were stored at 80°C and tested (by X-rays) for signs of cracking or internal defects. Example 5(a) showed cracking after 8 days, while Example 5(b) showed no sign of cracking until after 21 days.
Eksempel 6 Example 6
Dette eksempel var et platonisert høyenergi-elastomer-modifisert støpt dobbeltbasis-drivmiddel som inneholdt 0,21% sinkoksyd, 3,21% polymert bindemiddel (som anvendt i eksempel 4), 19,6% RDX og 1,4% silisiumkarbid. De ballistiske testresultater som er vist i fig. 5 indikerer at platåbrenning ved ca. 20 mm/sek. med en akseptabel (lav) temperaturkoeffisient inntreffer over trykkområdet på 80-150 bar. This example was a platonized high energy elastomer modified cast dual base propellant containing 0.21% zinc oxide, 3.21% polymeric binder (as used in Example 4), 19.6% RDX and 1.4% silicon carbide. The ballistic test results shown in fig. 5 indicates that plateau burning at approx. 20 mm/sec. with an acceptable (low) temperature coefficient occurs over the pressure range of 80-150 bar.
Claims (8)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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| GB8617239 | 1986-07-15 |
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| NO872742L NO872742L (en) | 1991-11-28 |
| NO173183B true NO173183B (en) | 1993-08-02 |
| NO173183C NO173183C (en) | 1993-11-10 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| NO872742A NO173183C (en) | 1986-07-15 | 1987-07-01 | NITROCELLULOSE-BASED FUEL MIXTURE |
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| AU (1) | AU632281B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1326137C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3723118C2 (en) |
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| GB (1) | GB2246348B (en) |
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| NO (1) | NO173183C (en) |
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| FR2727401B1 (en) * | 1994-11-29 | 1996-12-27 | Poudres & Explosifs Ste Nale | COMPOSITIONS MODIFYING BALLISTIC PROPERTIES AND PROPERGOLS CONTAINING SUCH COMPOSITIONS |
| EP0898692A4 (en) * | 1997-05-07 | 2000-02-23 | Patricia L Farnell | Munitions using infrared flare weapon systems |
| RU2121470C1 (en) * | 1997-08-18 | 1998-11-10 | Федеральный центр двойных технологий "Союз" | Ballistite fuel |
| RU2167137C2 (en) * | 1999-06-29 | 2001-05-20 | Научно-исследовательский институт полимерных материалов | Ballistite fuel |
| RU2197454C2 (en) * | 2000-05-24 | 2003-01-27 | Казанский государственный технологический университет | Explosive compound |
| RU2272803C1 (en) * | 2004-10-14 | 2006-03-27 | Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие (ФГУП) "Пермский завод им. С.М. Кирова" | Solid rocket fuel for national economy-destined articles |
| RU2281276C1 (en) * | 2004-12-10 | 2006-08-10 | Государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Пермский государственный технический университет" | Solid ballistite-type propellant |
| RU2311400C1 (en) * | 2006-02-13 | 2007-11-27 | Федеральное казенное предприятие "Пермский пороховой завод" (ФКП "Пермский пороховой завод") | Solid rocket fuel for articles of national economy designations |
| RU2380346C2 (en) * | 2008-04-14 | 2010-01-27 | Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Научно-исследовательский институт полимерных материалов" | Ballistite type solid rocket propellant |
| RU2636087C1 (en) * | 2016-08-09 | 2017-11-20 | Акционерное общество "Научно-исследовательский институт полимерных материалов" | Double-based solid fuel |
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| US3138499A (en) * | 1964-06-23 | Pressure | ||
| US1905289A (en) * | 1929-08-31 | 1933-04-25 | Du Pont | Explosive |
| FR955436A (en) * | 1946-11-29 | 1950-01-14 | ||
| US3689331A (en) * | 1964-02-28 | 1972-09-05 | Us Army | Nitrocellulose base compositions and method for making same |
| US3639183A (en) * | 1965-04-16 | 1972-02-01 | Us Navy | Gas generator compositions |
| GB1277192A (en) * | 1965-12-30 | 1972-06-07 | Us Gov Sec Army | Improvements in and relating to nitrocellulose base propellant compositions |
| DE1571218A1 (en) * | 1966-07-23 | 1970-11-26 | Dynamit Nobel Ag | Surface treatment of propellant powder |
| US3506505A (en) * | 1967-12-01 | 1970-04-14 | Herzog Johanna | Nitrocellulose base propellant coated with graphite,plasticizer,and inorganic pigment |
| NO119830B (en) * | 1969-07-19 | 1970-07-06 | Raufoss Ammunisjonsfabrikker | |
| US4243444A (en) * | 1970-09-11 | 1981-01-06 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Ballistic modifiers, synthesis . . . propellants |
| US4659402A (en) * | 1977-12-14 | 1987-04-21 | Hercules Incorporated | Cross-linked double base propellant having improved low temperature mechanical properties |
| SE437511B (en) * | 1979-04-24 | 1985-03-04 | Bofors Ab | WANTED TO MAKE CONSOLIDATED BODY OF DOUBLE BASKET SHEETS |
| JPS609998B2 (en) * | 1982-05-07 | 1985-03-14 | 日本油脂株式会社 | propellant composition |
| GB2152920B (en) * | 1983-08-12 | 1987-06-24 | Secr Defence | Propellant composition |
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1987
- 1987-06-11 GB GB8713679A patent/GB2246348B/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-07-01 NO NO872742A patent/NO173183C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
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- 1987-07-03 FR FR8709451A patent/FR2669626A1/en active Granted
- 1987-07-06 SE SE8702783A patent/SE467540B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1987-07-07 IT IT8721199A patent/IT1235642B/en active
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- 1987-07-13 DE DE3723118A patent/DE3723118C2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-07-15 AU AU76381/87A patent/AU632281B2/en not_active Expired
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| NL194727C (en) | 2003-01-07 |
| SE8702783D0 (en) | 1987-07-06 |
| GB2246348A (en) | 1992-01-29 |
| GB8713679D0 (en) | 1991-10-16 |
| SE8702783L (en) | 1992-03-05 |
| NO872742L (en) | 1991-11-28 |
| SE467540B (en) | 1992-08-03 |
| GB2246348B (en) | 1993-03-03 |
| IT1235642B (en) | 1992-09-14 |
| AU632281B2 (en) | 1992-12-24 |
| NO173183C (en) | 1993-11-10 |
| DE3723118C2 (en) | 2002-06-13 |
| DE3723118A1 (en) | 1992-07-30 |
| FR2669626A1 (en) | 1992-05-29 |
| CA1326137C (en) | 1994-01-18 |
| NL8701562A (en) | 1992-05-06 |
| FR2669626B1 (en) | 1994-08-19 |
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