NO166178B - PROCEDURE FOR THE PREPARATION OF SYMETRIC 1,4-DIHYDROPYRIDINES. - Google Patents
PROCEDURE FOR THE PREPARATION OF SYMETRIC 1,4-DIHYDROPYRIDINES. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NO166178B NO166178B NO841142A NO841142A NO166178B NO 166178 B NO166178 B NO 166178B NO 841142 A NO841142 A NO 841142A NO 841142 A NO841142 A NO 841142A NO 166178 B NO166178 B NO 166178B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- voltage
- formula
- picture tube
- beam current
- see diagramm
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract 2
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract 2
- YNGDWRXWKFWCJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dihydropyridine Chemical class C1C=CNC=C1 YNGDWRXWKFWCJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- CIUQDSCDWFSTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C]1=CC=CC=C1 Chemical group [C]1=CC=CC=C1 CIUQDSCDWFSTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- -1 enamine compound Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000002485 formyl group Chemical class [H]C(*)=O 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 abstract 1
- RAIYODFGMLZUDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N piperidin-1-ium;acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O.C1CC[NH2+]CC1 RAIYODFGMLZUDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C201/00—Preparation of esters of nitric or nitrous acid or of compounds containing nitro or nitroso groups bound to a carbon skeleton
- C07C201/06—Preparation of nitro compounds
- C07C201/12—Preparation of nitro compounds by reactions not involving the formation of nitro groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D211/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings
- C07D211/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D211/80—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D211/84—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms, with at the most one bond to halogen directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D211/90—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Hydrogenated Pyridines (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Pyridine Compounds (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Tobacco Products (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Magnetic Ceramics (AREA)
- Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Diaphragms For Electromechanical Transducers (AREA)
- Air Supply (AREA)
- Ultra Sonic Daignosis Equipment (AREA)
- Mechanical Coupling Of Light Guides (AREA)
- Steroid Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Koplingsanordning for bilderøret i en fjernsynsmottaker. Coupling device for the picture tube in a television receiver.
Oppfinnelsen angår en koplingsanordning for bilderoret i en fjernsynsmottaker med en hoyspenningskilde hvis ene klemme er forbundet med bilderorets hoyspenningstilslutning og hvis andre klemme gjennom en parallellkrets bestående av en motstand og en kondensator er forbundet med et punkt med konstant spenning. The invention relates to a connecting device for the image sensor in a television receiver with a high voltage source, one terminal of which is connected to the image sensor's high voltage connection and whose other terminal, through a parallel circuit consisting of a resistor and a capacitor, is connected to a point of constant voltage.
Ved en kjent koplingsanordning blir videosignalet over en diode tilfort katoden i bilderoret, idet katoden over en strombegrensningsmotstand er forbundet med et punkt med konstant potensial. Ved denne koplingsanordning blir det fra en bestemt verdi av strålestrommen frembrakt et sådant sperrepotensial over begrensningsmotstanden at dioden sperres og en videre okning av strålestrommen som folge av styring av videosignalet gjores umulig. Ved anvendelse av denne koplingsanordning blir strålestrommens toppverdi i oyeblikket begrenset. Videosignalets toppverdi blir derved skåret bort på hvittnivået slik at det oppstår bildeforvreng-ninger. Det er kjent parallelt med dioden å kople en kondensator, slik at ved sperret diode tilfores i det minste hoyfrekvenskoinpo-nentene i videosignalet til bilderorets katode og derved styres strålestrommen. Ved denne koplingsanordning blir den momentane toppverdi av strålestrommens lavfrekvensdel begrenset. Derved opptrer imidlertid alltid en viss bildeforvrengning. In a known connection device, the video signal is fed via a diode to the cathode in the picture tube, the cathode being connected via a current limiting resistor to a point of constant potential. With this switching device, from a certain value of the beam current, such a blocking potential is produced across the limiting resistance that the diode is blocked and a further increase of the beam current as a result of control of the video signal is made impossible. When using this coupling device, the peak value of the jet current is limited at the moment. The peak value of the video signal is thereby cut away at the white level so that image distortions occur. It is known to connect a capacitor in parallel with the diode, so that when the diode is blocked, at least the high-frequency components in the video signal are supplied to the cathode of the picture tube and thereby the beam current is controlled. With this coupling device, the instantaneous peak value of the low-frequency part of the jet current is limited. Thereby, however, a certain image distortion always occurs.
Til grunn for oppfinnelsen ligger det problem at ved en bestemt type fjernsynsmottakere, som f.eks. batterimatede transportable fjernsynsmottaker, er hoyfrekvenskilden for bilderoret og resten av mottakeren i hoy grad folsom overfor overbelastning. For å unngå en overbelastning er det onskelig at strålestrommen begrenses meget effektivt. The invention is based on the problem that with a certain type of television receiver, such as e.g. battery-fed portable television receiver, the high-frequency source for the picture tube and the rest of the receiver is highly sensitive to overload. To avoid an overload, it is desirable that the beam current is limited very effectively.
Hensikten med oppfinnelsen er å tilveiebringe en slik koplingsanordning i en fjernsynsmottaker for begrensning av strålestrommen i bilderoret, slik at det ikke kan opptre noen overbelastning av hoyspenningskilden. The purpose of the invention is to provide such a coupling device in a television receiver for limiting the radiation current in the picture tube, so that no overloading of the high voltage source can occur.
Dette oppnås ifolge oppfinnelsen ved at for begrensning av strålestrommen i bilderoret er forbindelsespunktet mellom parallellkretsen og hoyspenningskilden gjennom et enveis ledende element (likeretter) forbundet med bilderorets styregitter og elementet er polet på sådan måte at elementet er sperret for verdier av strålestrommen som ligger under en forhåndsbestemt maksimalverdi. According to the invention, this is achieved by limiting the radiation current in the imager, the connection point between the parallel circuit and the high voltage source through a unidirectional conducting element (rectifier) is connected to the imager's control grid and the element is poled in such a way that the element is blocked for values of the beam current that lie below a predetermined maximum value.
Denne koplingsanordning byr på den fordel at ved begrensning av strålestrommen innfores det ingen bildeforvrengning. This coupling device offers the advantage that by limiting the beam current no image distortion is introduced.
Et utforelseseksempel på oppfinnelsen skal for-klares nærmere under henvisning til tegningen som viser et ko.plings-skjema for en koplingsanordning ifolge oppfinnelsen. An embodiment of the invention shall be explained in more detail with reference to the drawing which shows a connection diagram for a connection device according to the invention.
Tegningen viser en del av en fjernsynsmottaker i forenklet form. Et bilderor 1 er forsynt med en katode 2, et styregitter 3 (wehneltsylinder) og en hoyspenningstilslutning 4. Ytterligere bestanddeler av bilderoret som ikke har noen betydning for oppfinnelsen er for enkelthets skyld utelatt på tegningen. Hoy-spenningstilslutningen 4 er forbundet med katoden i en hoyspennings-diode 5> hvis glodetråd er forbundet med en glodespenningsvikling 6 på linjeutgangstransformatoren 7. Anoden i hoyspenningsdioden er forbundet med en ende av hoyspenningsviklingen 8 i linjeutgangstransformatoren. Ytterligere viklinger på linjeutgangstransformatoren er for enkelthets skyld sloyfet. Katoden 2 i bilderoret 1 er forbundet med kollektoren i en video-sluttransistor 9 hvis kollektor over et nettverk 10 er forbundet med et forste matespenningspunkt på - 60 volt og hvis emitter over en spenningsdeler 11 er forbundet med et annet matespenningspunkt på + 11 volt. Basisen i tran-sistoren 9 tilfores'videosignalet 12 fra en videokanal. Styregitteret 3 er over en seriemotstand 13 forbundet med et uttak på lysstyrkeregulatoren 14 som ligger mellom en tredje matespenningskilde på 1 120 volt og jord. The drawing shows part of a television receiver in simplified form. A picture tube 1 is provided with a cathode 2, a control grid 3 (wehnelt cylinder) and a high-voltage connection 4. Further components of the picture tube which have no significance for the invention have been omitted from the drawing for the sake of simplicity. The high-voltage connection 4 is connected to the cathode of a high-voltage diode 5> whose filament is connected to a glow-voltage winding 6 of the line output transformer 7. The anode of the high-voltage diode is connected to one end of the high-voltage winding 8 in the line output transformer. Additional windings on the line output transformer are omitted for simplicity. The cathode 2 of the picture tube 1 is connected to the collector of a video final transistor 9 whose collector is connected via a network 10 to a first supply voltage point of - 60 volts and whose emitter via a voltage divider 11 is connected to a second supply voltage point of + 11 volts. The base of the transistor 9 is supplied with the video signal 12 from a video channel. The control grid 3 is connected via a series resistor 13 to an outlet on the brightness regulator 14 which is located between a third supply voltage source of 1,120 volts and ground.
Ved' innstilling av lysstyrkeregulatoren 14 på By' setting the brightness regulator 14 on
stor basislysstyrke og ved summering av toleransene for komponentene. i fjernsynsmottakeren og batterispenningene, består det fare for at linjeutgangstrinnet og mottakerens matespenningskilde overbelastes av strålestrommen. large base brightness and when summing up the tolerances for the components. in the television receiver and the battery voltages, there is a danger that the line output stage and the receiver's supply voltage source will be overloaded by the beam current.
For å hindre en stadig overbelastning av hoyspenningskilden for bilderoret og resten av apparatet, er det anordnet en reguleringskrets som begrenser middelveriden av strålestrommen. Denne reguleringskrets skal beskrives nærmere nedenfor. Mellom et punkt med konstant potensial (jord, chassis) og den ende av hdy-spenningsviklingen 8 som ikke er forbundet med anoden i hoyspenningsdioden 5, er det lagt inn parallell-koplingen av en motstand 5 °S en kondensator l6. Den ikke jordede ende av denne parallell-kopling er over et enve.isledende element 17 (en diode) forbundet med styregitteret 3 i bilderoret 1. Motstanden 15 kan f.eks. ha en verdi på 220.000 -fl-- ' og kondensatoren 16 kan f.eks. ha en verdi på 2,5 <y>uF. Ved hjelp av den således i hoyspenningsmatekretsen inn-koplede parallell-kopling 15, 16 flyter under fjernsynsmottakerens drift strålestrommen i bilderoret og frembringer over parallell-koplingen 15, l6 en spenning som er proporsjonal med middelverdien av strålestrommen..Spenningen over parallell-koplingen 15, 16 er negativ i forhold til jord. Parallell-koplingen er dimensjonert slik at normalt er spenningen over parallell-koplingen mindre negativ enn gitterspenningen på bilderoret. Dioden 17 er polet slik at den er sperret ved dette spenningsforhold. In order to prevent a constant overloading of the high voltage source for the imager and the rest of the apparatus, a control circuit is arranged which limits the average range of the beam current. This regulatory circuit shall be described in more detail below. Between a point of constant potential (earth, chassis) and the end of the hdy voltage winding 8 which is not connected to the anode of the high voltage diode 5, the parallel connection of a resistor 5 °S a capacitor l6 has been inserted. The non-grounded end of this parallel connection is over a unidirectional element 17 (a diode) connected to the control grid 3 in the imager 1. The resistor 15 can e.g. have a value of 220,000 -fl-- ' and the capacitor 16 can e.g. have a value of 2.5 <y>uF. With the aid of the parallel connection 15, 16 thus connected to the high-voltage supply circuit, during the operation of the television receiver, the beam current flows in the picture tube and produces across the parallel connection 15, l6 a voltage which is proportional to the average value of the beam current. The voltage across the parallel connection 15, 16 is negative in relation to earth. The parallel connection is dimensioned so that normally the voltage across the parallel connection is less negative than the grid voltage on the photoconductor. The diode 17 is polarized so that it is blocked at this voltage ratio.
Overskrider middelverdien av strålestrommen en bestemt verdi, begynner dioden 17 å lede strom og spenningen over parallell-koplingen 15, 16 tilfores styregitteret, hvor den gjor seg gjeldende som réguleringsspenning for begrensning av strålestrommens middelverdi. En okning av strålestrommen har i dette til-felle til folge en endring av reguleringsspenningen som reduserer okningen av strålestrommen. Reguleringskretsen blir normalt bare virksom når lysstyrkeregulatoren er innstillet på stor basislysstyrke. Når reguleringskretsen er virksom, er det ikke mulig ved endring av innstillingen av lysstyrkeregulatoren å tilveiebringe en ytterligere okning av basislysstyrken. Seriemotstanden 13 virker da som skillemotstand som skiller spenningen fra lysstyrkeregulatoren 14 fra den over dioden 17 til styregitteret 3 tilforte regu-leringsspenning. Herved hindres på fordelaktig måte at det ved be-tjening kan opptre en overbelastning av linjeutgangstrinnet og mate-spenningskilden. If the mean value of the beam current exceeds a certain value, the diode 17 begins to conduct current and the voltage across the parallel connection 15, 16 is supplied to the control grid, where it acts as a regulation voltage for limiting the mean value of the beam current. An increase in the beam current in this case results in a change in the regulation voltage which reduces the increase in the beam current. The control circuit normally only becomes active when the brightness control is set to a high base brightness. When the control circuit is active, it is not possible by changing the setting of the brightness regulator to provide a further increase in the base brightness. The series resistor 13 then acts as a separating resistor which separates the voltage from the brightness regulator 14 from the regulation voltage supplied across the diode 17 to the control grid 3. This advantageously prevents overloading of the line output stage and the supply voltage source during operation.
Reguleringskretsen reagerer bare når stråléstrom-mens middelverdi overskrider en viss verdi og leverer da en regu-leringsspenning som begrenser en ytterligere okning av strålestrommens middelverdi. Herved unngås at det som folge av strålestrombe-grensning opptrer bildeforvrengning. The control circuit only reacts when the mean value of the radiation current exceeds a certain value and then delivers a control voltage that limits a further increase in the mean value of the radiation current. This avoids image distortion occurring as a result of beam current limitation.
Claims (1)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE3312216A DE3312216A1 (en) | 1983-04-05 | 1983-04-05 | METHOD FOR PRODUCING SYMMETRIC 1,4-DIHYDROPYRIDINE CARBONIC ACID ESTERS |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NO841142L NO841142L (en) | 1984-10-08 |
NO166178B true NO166178B (en) | 1991-03-04 |
NO166178C NO166178C (en) | 1991-06-19 |
Family
ID=6195495
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NO841142A NO166178C (en) | 1983-04-05 | 1984-03-22 | PROCEDURE FOR THE PREPARATION OF SYMETRIC 1,4-DIHYDROPYRIDINES. |
Country Status (18)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0124742B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH0662564B2 (en) |
KR (2) | KR900004038B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE36849T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU558122B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA1234573A (en) |
DE (2) | DE3312216A1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK160488C (en) |
ES (1) | ES8501752A1 (en) |
FI (1) | FI78471C (en) |
GR (1) | GR81898B (en) |
HU (1) | HU192546B (en) |
IE (1) | IE57181B1 (en) |
IL (1) | IL71425A (en) |
NO (1) | NO166178C (en) |
PH (1) | PH20992A (en) |
PT (1) | PT78365B (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA842510B (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3312283A1 (en) * | 1983-04-05 | 1984-10-18 | Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen | METHOD FOR PRODUCING UNBALANCED 1,4-DIHYDROPYRIDINE CARBONIC ACID ESTERS |
DE3508533A1 (en) * | 1985-03-09 | 1986-09-11 | Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen | METHOD FOR PRODUCING BENZYLIDE COMPOUNDS |
US4771057A (en) * | 1986-02-03 | 1988-09-13 | University Of Alberta | Reduced pyridyl derivatives with cardiovascular regulating properties |
DE4423445A1 (en) * | 1994-07-05 | 1996-01-11 | Bayer Ag | Rapid high yield prodn. of nifedipin |
DE19727350C1 (en) | 1997-06-27 | 1999-01-21 | Bayer Ag | Process for the preparation of nifedipine |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1792764C3 (en) * | 1967-03-20 | 1981-04-23 | Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen | Coronary drugs |
DE1670824C3 (en) * | 1967-03-20 | 1978-08-03 | Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen | 1,4-Dihydropyridine-33-dicarboxylic acid alkyl ester |
DE2335466A1 (en) * | 1973-07-12 | 1975-01-30 | Bayer Ag | ALCOXY ALKYL-1,4-DIHYDROPYRIDINE, THE METHOD FOR THEIR MANUFACTURING AND THEIR USE AS A MEDICINAL PRODUCT |
US4370334A (en) * | 1975-07-02 | 1983-01-25 | Fujisawa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. | 1,4-Dihydro-pyridine derivatives and methods of using same |
DE2549568C3 (en) * | 1975-11-05 | 1981-10-29 | Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen | 2,6-Dimethyl-3-methoxycarbonyl-4- (2'-nitrophenyl) -1,4-dihydropyridine-5-carboxylic acid isobutyl ester, several processes for its preparation and pharmaceuticals containing it |
JPS5936896B2 (en) * | 1976-10-21 | 1984-09-06 | 住友化学工業株式会社 | α-acetyl cinnamic acid ester derivatives, their production methods, and herbicides comprising the compounds |
CA1117117A (en) * | 1978-10-10 | 1982-01-26 | Fujisawa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. | 2-methyl-dihydropyridine compound, processes for preparation thereof and pharmaceutical composition comprising the same |
JPS5529990A (en) * | 1979-03-19 | 1980-03-03 | Wako Pure Chem Ind Ltd | Activity measurement of monoamine oxidase (mao) |
-
1983
- 1983-04-05 DE DE3312216A patent/DE3312216A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1984
- 1984-03-22 NO NO841142A patent/NO166178C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1984-03-26 AT AT84103304T patent/ATE36849T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1984-03-26 EP EP84103304A patent/EP0124742B1/en not_active Expired
- 1984-03-26 DE DE8484103304T patent/DE3473756D1/en not_active Expired
- 1984-04-02 IL IL71425A patent/IL71425A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1984-04-02 JP JP59063438A patent/JPH0662564B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1984-04-03 CA CA000451158A patent/CA1234573A/en not_active Expired
- 1984-04-03 FI FI841336A patent/FI78471C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1984-04-03 PT PT78365A patent/PT78365B/en unknown
- 1984-04-03 GR GR74294A patent/GR81898B/el unknown
- 1984-04-03 PH PH30491A patent/PH20992A/en unknown
- 1984-04-03 ES ES531236A patent/ES8501752A1/en not_active Expired
- 1984-04-04 IE IE828/84A patent/IE57181B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1984-04-04 KR KR1019840001767A patent/KR900004038B1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1984-04-04 AU AU26416/84A patent/AU558122B2/en not_active Expired
- 1984-04-04 KR KR1019840001767A patent/KR840008647A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1984-04-04 DK DK178584A patent/DK160488C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1984-04-04 ZA ZA842510A patent/ZA842510B/en unknown
- 1984-04-05 HU HU841337A patent/HU192546B/en unknown
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MK1K | Patent expired |