NO162934B - PROCEDURE FOR ERROR DETECTION IN WELDING RELATIONS. - Google Patents

PROCEDURE FOR ERROR DETECTION IN WELDING RELATIONS. Download PDF

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Publication number
NO162934B
NO162934B NO842934A NO842934A NO162934B NO 162934 B NO162934 B NO 162934B NO 842934 A NO842934 A NO 842934A NO 842934 A NO842934 A NO 842934A NO 162934 B NO162934 B NO 162934B
Authority
NO
Norway
Prior art keywords
radiator
outlet
interface
valve
echo
Prior art date
Application number
NO842934A
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Norwegian (no)
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NO842934L (en
NO162934C (en
Inventor
Jean-Pierre Georges Capdevelle
Original Assignee
Gaz De France
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Gaz De France filed Critical Gaz De France
Publication of NO842934L publication Critical patent/NO842934L/en
Publication of NO162934B publication Critical patent/NO162934B/en
Publication of NO162934C publication Critical patent/NO162934C/en

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/44—Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor
    • G01N29/4409—Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor by comparison
    • G01N29/4436—Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor by comparison with a reference signal
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/04—Analysing solids
    • G01N29/06—Visualisation of the interior, e.g. acoustic microscopy
    • G01N29/0609—Display arrangements, e.g. colour displays
    • G01N29/0618—Display arrangements, e.g. colour displays synchronised with scanning, e.g. in real-time
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/04—Analysing solids
    • G01N29/11—Analysing solids by measuring attenuation of acoustic waves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
    • G01N29/30—Arrangements for calibrating or comparing, e.g. with standard objects
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/36—Detecting the response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor
    • G01N29/38—Detecting the response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor by time filtering, e.g. using time gates
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/04—Wave modes and trajectories
    • G01N2291/044—Internal reflections (echoes), e.g. on walls or defects
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/26—Scanned objects
    • G01N2291/267—Welds
    • G01N2291/2675—Seam, butt welding

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
  • Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
  • Arc Welding Control (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)

Abstract

1. Method of detecting defaults on both sides of each parent metal/filler metal interface formed by the welding of a first metallic piece (1) on another metallic piece (2), in particular of T-shaped welded joints made of steel with an austenitic structure, comprising the emission of longitudinal ultrasonic waves (40) on the wall or surface of one of the said pieces, towards the interface (4, 6) to be checked, the detection of the echo return and the use of samples comprising discontinuities at predetermined locations for the evaluation of the echoes, characterized in that the echo return is detected substantially at the point of emission (PE) of the longitudinal ultrasonic waves (40), an echo return is compared with a pre-established reference echo with the aid of a standard joint (17, 18, 20) corresponding to the joint to be checked and comprising predetermined standard holes (22, 24, 26, 28, 30) near the said interface and useful for the production of reference echoes different from the echoes produced by the interface and in that the echo return is detected only during the lapse of time determined by the reference echo.

Description

Returkobling for radiatorer. Return connection for radiators.

Foreliggende oppfinnelse vedrorer en returkobling for radiatorer. The present invention relates to a return connection for radiators.

Ved innkobling av radiatorventil og returkobling, enten When connecting the radiator valve and return connection, either

hver for seg eller i en sammenbygget utfbrelse, og med anbrin- individually or in a combined version, and with

gelse under eller ved siden av radiatoren, opptrer det fenomen at radiatoren, hvis ventilen og koblingen er forbundet med en ledning for shunting og denne ledning får hele vannstrommen ved at ventilen stenges mot radiatoren, til tross for at vann ikke sirkulerer gjennom den på vanlig måte, men dens vannfylling i hovedsaken er kald, vil kjennes het på oversiden, hvis der ikke finnes en særskilt anordning ved radiatorkoblingen. under or next to the radiator, the phenomenon occurs that the radiator, if the valve and the coupling are connected by a line for shunting and this line receives the entire water flow by closing the valve against the radiator, despite the fact that water does not circulate through it in the usual way , but its water filling is mainly cold, will feel hot on the upper side, if there is no special device at the radiator connection.

Fenomenet opptrer særlig ved énrbr-systerner, hvor denne innkoblingsmetode anvendes, og beror på at der, når vannstrommen passerer gjennom radiatorkoblingen for å ledes til neste radiator eller til returledningen, skjer en varmetransport mellom det sir-kulerende og det stillestående vann i grenselaget mellom det varme og det kalde vann som står i kontakt med radiatoren. Hvis radiatorkoblingen er forsynt med en anordning for særskilt avstengning ved særlig behov, er dens indre konstruksjon som regel sådan at varmetransporten bare skjer gjennom godset i armaturdelene og fenomenet blir da av mindre omfatning. Hvis denne ekstra av-stengningsmulighet ikke foreligger, men en mere direkte vei for kontakt, blir den oppvarmede vannmengde stor og fenomentet på-tagelig. The phenomenon occurs in particular with one-rbr cisterns, where this connection method is used, and is due to the fact that, when the water flow passes through the radiator connection to be led to the next radiator or to the return line, a heat transfer occurs between the circulating and the stagnant water in the boundary layer between the heat and the cold water that is in contact with the radiator. If the radiator coupling is equipped with a device for special shutdown in case of special need, its internal construction is usually such that the heat transport only takes place through the goods in the fitting parts and the phenomenon is then of lesser extent. If this additional shut-off option does not exist, but a more direct path for contact exists, the heated water quantity becomes large and the phenomenon noticeable.

Det oppvarmede vann fra grenselaget vil nemlig som folge av minskingen av dets tetthet ved denne oppvarmning stige verti-kalt gjennom radiatoren og bre seg ut i det ovre vannrom, langs dets overside, inntil det atter avkjbles og synker. The heated water from the boundary layer will, as a result of the reduction in its density due to this heating, rise vertically through the radiator and spread out into the upper water space, along its upper side, until it is disconnected again and sinks.

Fenomenet gir inntrykk av at radiatorventilen ikke er stengt eller ikke kan stenges, da ingen normalt kontrollerer at resten av radiatoren i virkeligheten er kald. The phenomenon gives the impression that the radiator valve is not closed or cannot be closed, as no one normally checks that the rest of the radiator is in fact cold.

For å eliminere det beskrevne fenomen kan det sbrges for at returkoblingen automatisk stenges av samtidig med radiatorventilen, hvilket imidlertid kompliserer og fordyrer konstruk-sjonen. Oppfinnelsens hensikt er å eliminere dette fenomen på In order to eliminate the described phenomenon, it can be ensured that the return connection is automatically closed at the same time as the radiator valve, which, however, complicates and makes the construction more expensive. The purpose of the invention is to eliminate this phenomenon

en enklere og billigere måte. an easier and cheaper way.

Oppfinnelsen angår således en returkobling for radiatorer med et innlbp som er forbundet med radiatoren og et innlbp som kan forbindes med en radiatorventils shuntiedningsutlbp, og et utlbp. Det særegne ved oppfinnelsen er en tunge som rager opp i et kammer som kommuniserer dels med innlbpet som er forbundet med radiatorventilens shuntutlbp og utibpet og dels gjennom en åpning i en mellomvegg med radiatorutlbpet, hvilken tunge rager opp til et nivå over åpningen, således at det fra radiatorutlbpet kommende vann må strbmme over tungen til utibpet, mens det fra shuntutibpet kommende vann hindres av tungen i å strbmme til den nevnte åpning og radiatorutlbpet. The invention thus relates to a return connection for radiators with an inlet which is connected to the radiator and an inlet which can be connected to a radiator valve's shunt outlet, and an outlet. The peculiarity of the invention is a tongue that protrudes into a chamber which communicates partly with the inlet which is connected to the radiator valve's shunt outlet and outlet and partly through an opening in an intermediate wall with the radiator outlet, which tongue protrudes to a level above the opening, so that water coming from the radiator outlet must flow over the tongue to the outlet, while water coming from the shunt tip is prevented by the tongue from flowing to the aforementioned opening and the radiator outlet.

Oppfinnelsen skal beskrives nærmere i tilslutning til tegningen som viser en returkobling ifblge oppfinnelsen i kombi-nasjon med en radiatorventil. The invention shall be described in more detail in connection with the drawing which shows a return connection according to the invention in combination with a radiator valve.

Radiatorventilen 1 er av i og for seg kjent art og har et innlbp 2 og et utlbp 3 for tilslutning til en radiators 4 innlbp 1J. Videre har radiatorventilen et shuntutlbp 5. Et dobbelt-virkende ventillegeme 6 kan på vanlig måte påvirkes over en san-del 7 og et ratt 8 og virker på den ene side mot et sete 9 ved shuntutlopet 5 °S på den annen side mot et sete 10 i en åpning i en mellomvegg som skiller innlbpet 2 fra utibpet 3» Ventillegemet 6 kan innstilles mot setet 10 for å stenge radiatorventilens utlbp 3 helt eller mot setet 9 for å stenge shuntutlbpet 5 helt eller i en mellomstilling, således at en del av vannstrbm-men går gjennom radiatoren og resten shuntes forbi denne. The radiator valve 1 is of a known type and has an inlet 2 and an outlet 3 for connection to a radiator 4 inlet 1J. Furthermore, the radiator valve has a shunt valve 5. A double-acting valve body 6 can be actuated in the usual way via a sand part 7 and a steering wheel 8 and acts on one side against a seat 9 at the shunt loop 5 °S on the other side against a seat 10 in an opening in an intermediate wall that separates the inlet 2 from the outlet 3". The valve body 6 can be set against the seat 10 to close the radiator valve outlet 3 completely or against the seat 9 to close the shunt outlet 5 completely or in an intermediate position, so that part of the water flow - but goes through the radiator and the rest is shunted past this.

Returkoblingen 11 har et innlbp 12 som er forbundet med radiatorens utlbp 13' ved hjelp av en kobling 14 , et shuntinnlbp 15 som her er vist koblet direkte med radiatorventilens 1 shuntutlbp 5» selvom det selvsagt kan være koblet til dette over en ledning, samt et utlbp 16. Videre har returkoblingen en gjen-get åpning 17, hvori der er innsatt et dreibart ventillegeme 18 for avstengning av returkoblingen mot radiatoren ved behov. Dette ventillegeme som er vist i stengt stilling, men som normalt er åpent, samvirker med en åpning 19 i en mellomvegg 20 The return connection 11 has an inlet 12 which is connected to the radiator's outlet 13' by means of a coupling 14, a shunt valve 15 which is shown here connected directly with the radiator valve 1 shunt valve 5", although it can of course be connected to this via a wire, as well as a outlet 16. Furthermore, the return connection has a threaded opening 17, in which a rotatable valve body 18 is inserted for shutting off the return connection to the radiator if necessary. This valve body, which is shown in a closed position, but which is normally open, cooperates with an opening 19 in an intermediate wall 20

som skiller innlbpet 12 fra shuntinnlopet 15 og utibpet 16. which separates the inlet 12 from the shunt inlet 15 and the outlet 16.

Ifblge oppfinnelsen er der anordnet en tunge 21 i returkoblingen, og denne rager fra underkanten av åpningen 19 i en bue oppad og inn i et kammer 22 som begrenses av koblingens vegg-parti 23( den nevnte mellomvegg 20 og en i huset utformet leppe 24. Dette kammer 22 kommuniserer således med innlbpet 12 gjennom åpningen 19 og med lbpet mellom shuntinnlopet 15 og utibpet 16 gjennom åpningen 25 mellom leppen 24 og tungens 21 overkant 26. Denne kant befinner seg på et nivå over åpningens 19 overkant og leppens 24 underkant. According to the invention, a tongue 21 is arranged in the return coupling, and this protrudes from the lower edge of the opening 19 in an arc upwards into a chamber 22 which is limited by the coupling's wall part 23 (the aforementioned intermediate wall 20 and a lip 24 designed in the housing. This chamber 22 thus communicates with the inlet 12 through the opening 19 and with the lip between the shunt inlet 15 and the outlet 16 through the opening 25 between the lip 24 and the upper edge 26 of the tongue 21. This edge is located at a level above the upper edge of the opening 19 and the lower edge of the lip 24.

Normalt strbmmer det fra radiatoren kommende vann fra innlbpet 12 gjennom åpningen 19 over tungen 21 til utibpet 16. Hvis radiatoren er avstengt, dvs. ventillegemet 6 tetter mot setet 10, således at der ikke strbmmer noe vann fra radiatoren gjennom returkoblingen, går der i stedet en strbm av varmt vann gjennom returkoblingen fra innlbpet 15 til utibpet 16. Tungen 21 hindrer at der oppstår en sirkulasjon mellom varmt og kaldt vann i returkoblingen, da det varme vann ikke kan passere den av tungen dannede væskelås. Normally, water coming from the radiator flows from the inlet 12 through the opening 19 over the tongue 21 to the outlet 16. If the radiator is closed, i.e. the valve body 6 seals against the seat 10, so that no water flows from the radiator through the return connection, instead a stream of hot water through the return connection from the inlet 15 to the outlet 16. The tongue 21 prevents a circulation between hot and cold water in the return connection, as the hot water cannot pass the liquid lock formed by the tongue.

Selvom returkoblingen er vist anordnet under radiatoren, er den også effektiv ved en montering ved siden av radiatoren, idet tungen 21 også i et sådant tilfelle hindrer en utveksling av kalt og varmt vann når radiatoren er stengt. Although the return connection is shown arranged below the radiator, it is also effective when mounted next to the radiator, as the tongue 21 also in such a case prevents an exchange of cold and hot water when the radiator is closed.

Returkoblingen kan også være sammenbygget med radiatorventilen i stedet ior å utgjore en særskilt enhet, som vist på tegningen. The return connection can also be combined with the radiator valve instead of forming a separate unit, as shown in the drawing.

Claims (1)

Returkobling (l) for radiatorer (4), med et innlbp (12) som er forbundet med radiatoren (4) og et innlbp (l5) som kan forbindes med en radiatorventils (l) shuntledningsutibp (5)> samt et utlbp (16), karakterisert ved en tunge (21) som rager opp i et kammer (22) som kommuniserer dels med innlbpet (15) som er forbundet med radiatorventilens (l) shuntutlbp (5) og utibpet (16) og dels gjennom en åpning (19) i en mellomvegg (20) med radiatorutlbpet (13'), hvilken tunge (21) rager opp til et nivå over åpningen (19), således at det fra radiatorutlbpet (13') kommende vann må strbmme over tungen (21) til utibpet (16) , mens det fra shuntutlbpet (5) kommende vann hindres av tungen i å strbmme til den nevnte åpning (L9) og radiatorutlbpet (13').Return connection (l) for radiators (4), with an inlet (12) which is connected to the radiator (4) and an inlet (l5) which can be connected to a radiator valve (l) shunt line outlet (5)> and an outlet (16) , characterized by a tongue (21) projecting into a chamber (22) which communicates partly with the inlet (15) which is connected to the radiator valve's (l) shunt valve (5) and outlet (16) and partly through an opening (19) in an intermediate wall (20) with the radiator outlet (13'), which tongue (21) projects up to a level above the opening (19), so that the water coming from the radiator outlet (13') must flow over the tongue (21) to the outlet ( 16), while the water coming from the shunt outlet (5) is prevented by the tongue from flowing to the aforementioned opening (L9) and the radiator outlet (13').
NO842934A 1983-07-19 1984-07-18 PROCEDURE FOR ERROR DETECTION IN WELDING RELATIONS. NO162934C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8311911A FR2549607B1 (en) 1983-07-19 1983-07-19 METHOD FOR DETECTING DEFECTS, ESPECIALLY INTERNAL, SUCH AS CRACKS IN WELDED JOINTS

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
NO842934L NO842934L (en) 1985-01-21
NO162934B true NO162934B (en) 1989-11-27
NO162934C NO162934C (en) 1990-03-07

Family

ID=9290926

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
NO842934A NO162934C (en) 1983-07-19 1984-07-18 PROCEDURE FOR ERROR DETECTION IN WELDING RELATIONS.

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0132187B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE37094T1 (en)
CA (1) CA1232671A (en)
DE (1) DE3473928D1 (en)
FR (1) FR2549607B1 (en)
NO (1) NO162934C (en)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1583634B1 (en) * 2002-12-18 2006-08-02 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Method of evaluating a weld joint formed during a welding process using longitudinal and transversal ultrasonic waves
CN101699279B (en) * 2009-10-27 2011-08-03 中国长江航运集团青山船厂 Ultrasonic defect detection method for T-shaped joint fillet weld of dual-phase steel and carbon steel

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB664763A (en) * 1949-02-17 1952-01-09 Nat Res Dev Method of and apparatus for examining materials by ultrasonic irradiation
DE971993C (en) * 1955-01-04 1959-05-06 Siemens Ag Transducer for oblique irradiation of ultrasonic pulses in test bodies
DE1816255C3 (en) * 1968-12-21 1973-11-22 Hoesch Werke Ag, 4600 Dortmund Process for the non-destructive testing of weld seams using ultrasonic energy
FR2093406A5 (en) * 1970-06-12 1972-01-28 Commissariat Energie Atomique
US3895685A (en) * 1971-04-19 1975-07-22 Combustion Eng Method and apparatus for ultrasonic inspection of weldments
IT1096070B (en) * 1977-05-16 1985-08-17 Mannesmann Ag PROCEDURE FOR THE DIFFERENTIATION OF US SIGNALS (ULTRASOUND) WHOSE REFLECTION HAS DIFFERENT CAUSES
AT362166B (en) * 1979-01-08 1981-04-27 Voest Alpine Ag WELDING AUSTENITIC STEEL
JPS56143951A (en) * 1980-04-10 1981-11-10 Nisshin Steel Co Ltd Ultrasonic flaw detection for austenite alloy steel welded steel pipe

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO842934L (en) 1985-01-21
FR2549607A1 (en) 1985-01-25
ATE37094T1 (en) 1988-09-15
NO162934C (en) 1990-03-07
EP0132187B1 (en) 1988-09-07
EP0132187A1 (en) 1985-01-23
DE3473928D1 (en) 1988-10-13
FR2549607B1 (en) 1986-01-31
CA1232671A (en) 1988-02-09

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