NO161690B - Fabric softener and process of manufacture thereof. - Google Patents
Fabric softener and process of manufacture thereof. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NO161690B NO161690B NO841889A NO841889A NO161690B NO 161690 B NO161690 B NO 161690B NO 841889 A NO841889 A NO 841889A NO 841889 A NO841889 A NO 841889A NO 161690 B NO161690 B NO 161690B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- added
- fabric softener
- gel
- cooled
- acid
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 20
- 239000002979 fabric softener Substances 0.000 title claims description 16
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- -1 amine salt Chemical class 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 8
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920003169 water-soluble polymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000001767 cationic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- REZZEXDLIUJMMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M dimethyldioctadecylammonium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC REZZEXDLIUJMMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000004664 distearyldimethylammonium chloride (DHTDMAC) Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 4
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QLAJNZSPVITUCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,2-dioxathietane 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound O=S1(=O)OCO1 QLAJNZSPVITUCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 3
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 3
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004280 Sodium formate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002216 antistatic agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- YZXBAPSDXZZRGB-DOFZRALJSA-N arachidonic acid Chemical compound CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCC(O)=O YZXBAPSDXZZRGB-DOFZRALJSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960002713 calcium chloride Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium nitrate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- ZCPCLAPUXMZUCD-UHFFFAOYSA-M dihexadecyl(dimethyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC ZCPCLAPUXMZUCD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- OGQYPPBGSLZBEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl(dioctadecyl)azanium Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC OGQYPPBGSLZBEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IQDGSYLLQPDQDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylazanium;chloride Chemical compound Cl.CNC IQDGSYLLQPDQDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UKMSUNONTOPOIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N docosanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O UKMSUNONTOPOIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003974 emollient agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- KEMQGTRYUADPNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O KEMQGTRYUADPNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- VKOBVWXKNCXXDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N icosanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O VKOBVWXKNCXXDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Pentadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ISYWECDDZWTKFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O ISYWECDDZWTKFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000003856 quaternary ammonium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- HLBBKKJFGFRGMU-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium formate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C=O HLBBKKJFGFRGMU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 235000019254 sodium formate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium nitrite Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]N=O LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-HJWRWDBZSA-N (9Z)-heptadecenoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-HJWRWDBZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-NTGFUMLPSA-N (9Z,12Z)-9,10,12,13-tetratritiooctadeca-9,12-dienoic acid Chemical compound C(CCCCCCC\C(=C(/C\C(=C(/CCCCC)\[3H])\[3H])\[3H])\[3H])(=O)O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-NTGFUMLPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ULNRTPCFRBIMKL-GHVJWSGMSA-N (e)-2-tetracosenoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC\C=C\C(O)=O ULNRTPCFRBIMKL-GHVJWSGMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DJCQJZKZUCHHAL-SREVYHEPSA-N (z)-pentadec-9-enoic acid Chemical compound CCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O DJCQJZKZUCHHAL-SREVYHEPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SXNBVULTHKFMNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dihydroxyoctadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)(O)C(O)=O SXNBVULTHKFMNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WBIQQQGBSDOWNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1S(O)(=O)=O WBIQQQGBSDOWNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YWWVWXASSLXJHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9E-tetradecenoic acid Natural products CCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O YWWVWXASSLXJHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000021357 Behenic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- DPUOLQHDNGRHBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Brassidinsaeure Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O DPUOLQHDNGRHBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- URXZXNYJPAJJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Erucic acid Natural products CCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O URXZXNYJPAJJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000005639 Lauric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021353 Lignoceric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- CQXMAMUUWHYSIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lignoceric acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCCC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 CQXMAMUUWHYSIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Nitrite anion Chemical compound [O-]N=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021314 Palmitic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CC([O-])=O VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-L adipate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCCCC([O-])=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000008051 alkyl sulfates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- SWLVFNYSXGMGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium bromide Chemical compound [NH4+].[Br-] SWLVFNYSXGMGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940114079 arachidonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000021342 arachidonic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940116226 behenic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007844 bleaching agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- LLSDKQJKOVVTOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium chloride dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.[Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] LLSDKQJKOVVTOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229940052299 calcium chloride dihydrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004665 cationic fabric softener Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002752 cationic softener Substances 0.000 description 1
- FKLSONDBCYHMOQ-ARJAWSKDSA-N cis-9-dodecenoic acid Chemical compound CC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O FKLSONDBCYHMOQ-ARJAWSKDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SECPZKHBENQXJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N cis-palmitoleic acid Natural products CCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O SECPZKHBENQXJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWHCXVQVJPWHRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cis-tetracosenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O GWHCXVQVJPWHRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- AQUCOCCZWYJKFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M diethyl(dioctadecyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](CC)(CC)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC AQUCOCCZWYJKFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- PSLWZOIUBRXAQW-UHFFFAOYSA-M dimethyl(dioctadecyl)azanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC PSLWZOIUBRXAQW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- RSHVNDLJRRLWEF-UHFFFAOYSA-M dioctadecyl-di(propan-2-yl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C(C)C)(C(C)C)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC RSHVNDLJRRLWEF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphosphoric acid Chemical class OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FPRKGXIOSIUDSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N docosa-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCC=CC=CC=CC=CC(O)=O FPRKGXIOSIUDSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HOWGUJZVBDQJKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N docosane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC HOWGUJZVBDQJKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KFEVDPWXEVUUMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N docosanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCCC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 KFEVDPWXEVUUMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940060296 dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940108623 eicosenoic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- DPUOLQHDNGRHBS-KTKRTIGZSA-N erucic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O DPUOLQHDNGRHBS-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-QXMHVHEDSA-N gadoleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-QXMHVHEDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007429 general method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002070 germicidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000008040 ionic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- YAQXGBBDJYBXKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);1,10-phenanthroline;dicyanide Chemical compound [Fe+2].N#[C-].N#[C-].C1=CN=C2C3=NC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1.C1=CN=C2C3=NC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 YAQXGBBDJYBXKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XIXADJRWDQXREU-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium acetate Chemical compound [Li+].CC([O-])=O XIXADJRWDQXREU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- YWWVWXASSLXJHU-WAYWQWQTSA-N myristoleic acid Chemical compound CCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O YWWVWXASSLXJHU-WAYWQWQTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FFJMLWSZNCJCSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-methylmethanamine;hydrobromide Chemical compound Br.CNC FFJMLWSZNCJCSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940049964 oleate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- SECPZKHBENQXJG-FPLPWBNLSA-N palmitoleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O SECPZKHBENQXJG-FPLPWBNLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002304 perfume Substances 0.000 description 1
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L phthalate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- WBHHMMIMDMUBKC-QJWNTBNXSA-N ricinoleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC[C@@H](O)C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O WBHHMMIMDMUBKC-QJWNTBNXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000017281 sodium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010288 sodium nitrite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005063 solubilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007928 solubilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003460 sulfonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QZZGJDVWLFXDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetracosanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QZZGJDVWLFXDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-HKGQFRNVSA-N tetradecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC[14C](O)=O TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-HKGQFRNVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/0005—Other compounding ingredients characterised by their effect
- C11D3/001—Softening compositions
- C11D3/0015—Softening compositions liquid
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Description
Oppfinnelsen angår tøymykningsmidler egnet for anvendelse under skylles<y.>klusen for en klesvaskeprosess,og nærmere bestemt konsentrerte, vandige tøymykningsmidler som er stabile ved såvel lave som høye omgivelsestemperaturer, dvs. at slike mykningsmidler ikke danner en gel, og de er under bruk lett dispergerbare i vann. The invention relates to fabric softeners suitable for use during the rinse cycle for a laundry process, and more specifically to concentrated, aqueous fabric softeners which are stable at both low and high ambient temperatures, i.e. such softeners do not form a gel, and they are easily dispersible in water.
Blandinger som inneholder kvartære ammoniumsalter med minst én langkjedet hydrocarbylgruppe er vanlig anvendt for å oppnå fordelene ved tøymykning når de anvendes under skyll-ing av klesvask, se f.eks. US patentskrifter 3349033, 3644203, 3946115, 3997453, 4073735 og 4119545. Mixtures containing quaternary ammonium salts with at least one long-chain hydrocarbyl group are commonly used to obtain the benefits of fabric softening when used during the rinsing of laundry, see e.g. US Patents 3349033, 3644203, 3946115, 3997453, 4073735 and 4119545.
I de fleste vandige mykningsmidler som inneholder kationaktive kvartære ammoniumforbindelser som aktive bestanddeler, har konsentrasjonen av slike kationaktive forbindelser i alminnelighet vært begrenset til et område av 3-6 vekt% In most aqueous softeners containing cation-active quaternary ammonium compounds as active ingredients, the concentration of such cation-active compounds has generally been limited to a range of 3-6% by weight
(se US patentskrifter 3904533 og 3920565) . En slik lav konsentrasjon er i alminnelighet betinget av den kjensgjerning av kationaktive forbindelser danner geler i vandige systemer ved konsentrasjoner over ca. 8%, og selv om anvendelse av elektrolytter for å senke slike blandingers viskositet er kjent (se spesielt US patentskrift 4199545) , er slike elektrolytter langtfra tilfredsstillende. Fra et funksjonsmessig synspunkt gir elektrolytten ofte ikke det nødvendige resultat spesielt dersom de kationaktive forbindelsers konsentrasjon ligger innen området 12-15%. Dessuten er selv om resultatet erholdt med elektrolyttene kan minske en del av geldannelses-problemet, anvendelsen av disse langt fra tilfredsstillende hva gjelder å tilveiebringe et sterkt konsentrert, vandig system av kationaktive forbindelser som ikke danner en gel eller utsettes for kraftig viskositetsforandring innen det vanlige temperaturområde som forekommer ved håndteringen av disse, f.eks. fra -18°C opp til 60°C. I US patentskrift 3681241 er en konsentrert tøymyknende emulsjon beskrevet som i det vesentlige består av 3,5-6,5 vektdeler av en forbindelse som f.eks. kan representeres ved distearyldimethylammoniumklorid, 3,5-6,5 vektdeler av et alkylamidimidazoliniumalkyl-sulfat og 0-3 vektdeler av et annet, men lignende fettamid-imidazoliniumalkylsulfat som efter det som påstås gjør at blandingen blir stabil ved lav tempertur. Det tilsiktede (see US Patents 3904533 and 3920565). Such a low concentration is generally conditioned by the fact that cationically active compounds form gels in aqueous systems at concentrations above approx. 8%, and although the use of electrolytes to lower the viscosity of such mixtures is known (see in particular US patent 4199545), such electrolytes are far from satisfactory. From a functional point of view, the electrolyte often does not give the required result, especially if the concentration of the cation-active compounds is within the range of 12-15%. Moreover, even if the result obtained with the electrolytes can reduce part of the gel formation problem, their use is far from satisfactory in terms of providing a highly concentrated, aqueous system of cation-active compounds that does not form a gel or is exposed to a strong viscosity change within the usual temperature range which occurs when handling these, e.g. from -18°C up to 60°C. In US patent 3681241, a concentrated fabric softening emulsion is described which essentially consists of 3.5-6.5 parts by weight of a compound such as e.g. can be represented by distearyldimethylammonium chloride, 3.5-6.5 parts by weight of an alkylamidoimidazolinium alkyl sulfate and 0-3 parts by weight of another but similar fatty amide imidazolinium alkyl sulfate which, according to what is claimed, makes the mixture stable at low temperatures. The intentional
mengdeområde for de samlede aktive bestanddeler er 8-13%. quantity range for the total active ingredients is 8-13%.
I britisk patentsøknad 2053249A, publisert 4. februar 1981, er kationaktive tøymykningsmidler beskrevet som inneholder 15-60 vekt% kationaktiv mykningsforbindelse, 25-75 vekt% av et vandig medium og 0,5-40 vekt% av en nærmere angitt vannoppløselig polymer. In British patent application 2053249A, published 4 February 1981, cationic fabric softeners are described which contain 15-60% by weight of cationic softening compound, 25-75% by weight of an aqueous medium and 0.5-40% by weight of a specified water-soluble polymer.
I US patentskrift 3974076 er kvartære ammoniumholdige mykningsmidler med vanlige konsentrasjoner av kationaktive bestanddeler beskrevet, dvs. 3-6%. Disse mykningsmidler er særpregede ved den meget lille partikkelstørrelse for den i det vesentlige vannuoppløselige kvartære ammonium-mykningsforbindelse, dvs. at 90 vekt% av de kvartære ammoniumforbindelser foreligger som partikler som passerer gjennom et l,2^um filter. Mykningsmidlene er beskrevet som en kombinasjon av den kationaktive mykningsforbindelse, en Cg-C20-alkylalkohol og 0,1-2,0% av et ikke-ionisk overflate-aktivt middel med en HLB (hydrofob-lipofil balanse) av 8-15, fortrinnsvis 10-14. De foretrukne ikke-ioniske bestanddeler har en lipofil hydrocarbongruppeekvivalent med 9-15 carbonatomer sammen med 7-13 hydrofile ethylenoxydgrupper. Dette patentskrift befatter seg ikke med problemet som er forbundet med konsentrerte vandige, kationaktive mykningsmidlers stabilitet, men snarere med å forbedre mykningsgraden og In US patent 3974076, quaternary ammonium-containing softeners with usual concentrations of cationic active ingredients are described, i.e. 3-6%. These softeners are characterized by the very small particle size of the essentially water-insoluble quaternary ammonium softening compound, i.e. that 90% by weight of the quaternary ammonium compounds are present as particles that pass through a 1.2 µm filter. The emollients are described as a combination of the cationic emollient compound, a C8-C20 alkyl alcohol and 0.1-2.0% of a non-ionic surfactant with an HLB (hydrophobic-lipophilic balance) of 8-15, preferably 10-14. The preferred nonionic components have a lipophilic hydrocarbon group equivalent of 9-15 carbon atoms together with 7-13 hydrophilic ethylene oxide groups. This patent is not concerned with the problem associated with the stability of concentrated aqueous cationic softeners, but rather with improving the degree of softening and
-jevnheten ved anvendelse av vanlige konsentrasjoner. - the uniformity when using common concentrations.
I US patentskrifter 4076632, 4157307 og 4233164 er kvartære ammoniummykningsforbindelser beskrevet som inneholder bl.a. "protonert" ethoxylert amin, men i intet av disse patentskrifter er salter av aminet beskrevet for ikke å In US patent documents 4076632, 4157307 and 4233164, quaternary ammonium softening compounds are described which contain e.g. "protonated" ethoxylated amine, but in none of these patents are salts of the amine described so as not to
snakke om med organiske syrer med høy molekylvekt (dvs. talk about with high molecular weight organic acids (i.e.
høyere fettsyrer, f.eks. ci2~<C>30' <a>lkYlarylsulfonsyrer, higher fatty acids, e.g. ci2~<C>30' <a>lkYlaryl sulfonic acids,
f.e<ks>. C12~C1g-alkylbenzensulf onsyrer, C-^-C^-paraf in (alkyl)-sulfonsyrer, C12~C3o_olefinsulfonsvrer' mono"°9 difosfor-syreestere av Cg-C-^-alkoholer, innbefattende ethoxylatene av slike alkoholer med fra 1 til 100 mol ethylenoxyd). I US patentskrift 4118327 er vanlige konsentrasjoner av kationaktive bestanddeler beskrevet (0,1-10, fortrinnsvis 1-8, vekt%) sammen med fosfatorganoestere som antistatiske midler. e.g. <ks>. C12-C18-alkylbenzene sulfonic acids, C-2-C2-paraffin (alkyl)-sulfonic acids, C12-C30_olefin sulfonic acids' mono"°9 diphosphoric acid esters of C8-C-2-alcohols, including the ethoxylates of such alcohols with from 1 to 100 mol of ethylene oxide).In US patent document 4118327, usual concentrations of cationic active ingredients are described (0.1-10, preferably 1-8, weight%) together with phosphate organoesters as antistatic agents.
Oppfinnelsen angår også et stabilt, vandig, konsentrert tøymykningsmiddel omfattende (A) 12-20 vekt% av en kationisk mykningsforbindelse med formelen The invention also relates to a stable, aqueous, concentrated fabric softener comprising (A) 12-20% by weight of a cationic softening compound of the formula
hvori R^,R2,R2 og R4 er alifatiske radikaler med 1-30 carbonatomer, hvorav minst to utgjøres av alkylgrupper med 14-30 carbonatomer, og (B) 0,5-5,0 vekt% av en elektrolytt, og tøy-mykningsmidlet er særpreget ved at det dessuten omfatter (C) 1-5 vekt% av et aminsalt på basis av ethoxylerte langkjedede aminer og langkjedede organiske syrer. wherein R^, R2, R2 and R4 are aliphatic radicals of 1-30 carbon atoms, of which at least two are alkyl groups of 14-30 carbon atoms, and (B) 0.5-5.0% by weight of an electrolyte, and the plasticizer is distinctive in that it also comprises (C) 1-5% by weight of an amine salt based on ethoxylated long-chain amines and long-chain organic acids.
Vannoppløselige polymerer, som f.eks. polyethylenglycol (f.eks. molekylvekt 400), utgjør foretrukne valgfrie bestanddeler for det foreliggende tøymykningsmiddel. Water-soluble polymers, such as e.g. polyethylene glycol (eg molecular weight 400), constitute preferred optional ingredients for the present fabric softener.
Oppfinnelsen angår også en fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av det foreliggende tøymykningsmiddel, og fremgangsmåten er særpreget ved de i hhv. krav 5's og krav 8's karakteriserende del angitte trekk. The invention also relates to a method for producing the present fabric softener, and the method is characterized by the respective claim 5's and claim 8's characterizing part stated features.
De vandige tøymykningsmidler ifølge oppfinnelsen inneholder som angitt 12-20% kationisk mykningsforbindelse med den generelle formel The aqueous fabric softeners according to the invention contain, as indicated, 12-20% cationic softening compound with the general formula
hvori R^, ^2,R3°9 R4 betegner ci-C3o alifatiske radikaler fortrinnsvis alkyl- eller alkenylgrupper, under den forutsetning at minst to av gruppene er C^-C^g, fortrinnsvis ^ iA~^ 18~ grupper. De andre kan da med fordel være lavere alkylgrupper, og mer foretrukket er minst to av gruppene C^^-C^g-grupper mens de to andre er lavere C^-C^-alkylgrupper, helst methyl eller ethyl), og X betegner et anion som bevirker oppløseliggjørelse i vann, som klorid, bromid, iodid, fluorid, sulfat, metho-sulfat, nitritt, nitrat, fosfat eller carboxylat (dvs. acetat, adipat, propionat, fthalat, benzoat eller oleat etc.) wherein R^, ^2,R3°9 R4 denote 1-C30 aliphatic radicals, preferably alkyl or alkenyl groups, on the condition that at least two of the groups are C^-C^g, preferably ^ iA~^ 18~ groups. The others can then advantageously be lower alkyl groups, and more preferably at least two of the groups are C^^-C^g groups while the other two are lower C^-C^ alkyl groups, preferably methyl or ethyl), and X denotes an anion that causes solubilization in water, such as chloride, bromide, iodide, fluoride, sulfate, methosulfate, nitrite, nitrate, phosphate, or carboxylate (ie, acetate, adipate, propionate, phthalate, benzoate, or oleate, etc.)
Typiske kationiske forbindelser med formelen I innbefatter distearyldimethylammoniumklorid, ditalgdimethylammoniumklorid, dihexadecyldimethylammoniumklorid, distearyl-dimethylammoniumbromid, di(hydrogenert talg)-dimethylammonium-bromid, distearyl-di(isopropyl)-ammoniumklorid og distearyldimethylammoniummethosulfat. Typical cationic compounds of formula I include distearyldimethylammonium chloride, ditallowdimethylammonium chloride, dihexadecyldimethylammonium chloride, distearyldimethylammonium bromide, di(hydrogenated tallow)dimethylammonium bromide, distearyldi(isopropyl)ammonium chloride and distearyldimethylammonium methosulfate.
De aminsalter som det her tas sikte på å anvende i en mengde av 1-5 vekt% i tøymykningsmidlene, er basert på ethoxylerte langkjedede aminer og langkjedede organiske syrer. Aminene utgjøres typisk av Ci2-C30 alifatiske aminer, fortrinnsvis <C>l2<-C>20 <a>miner' eller blandinger derav som er blitt omsatt med 1-100 molekyler ethylenoxyd. Aminene kan også være omsatt med propylen- eller butylenoxyd og derefter med ethylenoxyd. Det endelige oxyalkylerte amin bør være et vannopp-løselig produkt. Spesielt verdifulle er amenene som er av^ ledet fra naturlige fettsyrer, som Armeens eller Ethomeens, og disse omfatter generelt en blandet alkylgruppe med c1o~Ci8' C±2~ C16' C12~C15 e-Ller C16~C18 etc * De foretrukne ethoxylerte aminer er slike som inneholder 5-50 molekyler kondensert ethylenoxyd, og mer foretrukne er ethoxylerte aminer med 10-35 molekyler kondensert ethylenoxyd. De mest foretrukne inneholder 12-20 molekyler ethylenoxyd. The amine salts which are here intended to be used in an amount of 1-5% by weight in the fabric softeners are based on ethoxylated long-chain amines and long-chain organic acids. The amines typically consist of Ci2-C30 aliphatic amines, preferably <C>12<-C>20 <a>mines' or mixtures thereof which have been reacted with 1-100 molecules of ethylene oxide. The amines can also be reacted with propylene or butylene oxide and then with ethylene oxide. The final oxyalkylated amine should be a water-soluble product. Particularly valuable are the amenes derived from natural fatty acids, such as Armeens or Ethomeens, and these generally comprise a mixed alkyl group with c10~Ci8' C±2~ C16' C12~C15 e-Ller C16~C18 etc * The preferred ethoxylated amines are those which contain 5-50 molecules of condensed ethylene oxide, and more preferred are ethoxylated amines with 10-35 molecules of condensed ethylene oxide. The most preferred ones contain 12-20 molecules of ethylene oxide.
Den tredje bestanddel er et elektrolyttmateriale (ionisk) The third component is an electrolyte (ionic) material
i en mengde av 0,5-5 vekt%. Anvendelsen av en elektrolytt tjener ikke bare til å regulere viskositeten, men letter også stabilisering av systemet mot geldannelse og faseinversjon ved høye temperaturer, f.eks. over 40°C in an amount of 0.5-5% by weight. The use of an electrolyte not only serves to regulate the viscosity, but also facilitates stabilization of the system against gel formation and phase inversion at high temperatures, e.g. above 40°C
Spesielt egnede elektrolytter innbefatter natriumklorid Particularly suitable electrolytes include sodium chloride
og kalsiumklorid. Andre anvendbare elektrolytter innbefatter bl.a. natriumformiat, natriumnitritt, natriumnitrat eller natriumacetat såvel som vannoppløselige salter av andre katione: som f.eks. kalium-, lithium-, magnesium- eller ammoniumkationer etc. and calcium chloride. Other usable electrolytes include e.g. sodium formate, sodium nitrite, sodium nitrate or sodium acetate as well as water-soluble salts of other cations: such as e.g. potassium, lithium, magnesium or ammonium cations etc.
Mindre mengder av lavere alkanoler kan anvendes, og spesielt dersom det er ønsket ytterligere å forandre viskositeten. Alkoholer er i alminnelighet tilbøyelige til å senke viskositeten ved omgivelsestemperaturene selv om moderate mengder kan bevirke en senkning av faseinversjons-temperaturen. De foretrukne mykningsmidler ifølge oppfinnelsen har faseinversjonstemperaturer over 80°C, fortrinnsvis over 9 0°C, når alkoholmengden ligger innen området 1-10 vekt%. Smaller amounts of lower alkanols can be used, and especially if it is desired to further change the viscosity. Alcohols generally tend to lower the viscosity at ambient temperatures although moderate amounts may cause a lowering of the phase inversion temperature. The preferred softeners according to the invention have phase inversion temperatures above 80°C, preferably above 90°C, when the amount of alcohol is within the range 1-10% by weight.
Spesielt egnede alkoholer er ethyl- eller isopropylalkohol. Particularly suitable alcohols are ethyl or isopropyl alcohol.
Foruten de ovennevnte bestanddeler for mykningsmidlene ifølge oppfinnelsen kan disse også inneholde en rekke vanlige, supplerende og valgfrie bestanddeler som ikke uheldig på-virker de foreliggende mykningsmidlers stabilitet og/eller funksjonelle egenskaper. Således kan for eksempel de vanlige parfymer, farvestoffer, pigmenter, blakningsmidler, kimdrepende midler, optiske hvitemidler, antikorrosjonsmidler (f.eks. natriumsilikat) , vannoppløselige polymerer eller antistatiske midler etc. være tilstede. Dersom slike anvendes, kan hver av disse utgjøre 0,01-5 vekt% av det samlede mykningsmiddel. In addition to the above-mentioned ingredients for the softeners according to the invention, these can also contain a number of common, supplementary and optional ingredients which do not adversely affect the stability and/or functional properties of the present softeners. Thus, for example, the usual perfumes, dyes, pigments, bleaching agents, germicides, optical brighteners, anti-corrosion agents (e.g. sodium silicate), water-soluble polymers or antistatic agents etc. can be present. If such are used, each of these can make up 0.01-5% by weight of the total plasticizer.
Det vil selvfølgelig erkjennes og forstås at de fleste tilgjengelige kjemiske materialer, og spesielt slike som inneholder en hydrocarbylgruppe, i alminnelighet utgjøres av blandinger av nær beslektede grupper. De langkjedede alkyl-substituenter (R) i de kationaktive forbindelser som anvendes i de foreliggende mykningsmidler, kan således ikke bare ha en enkelt carbonkjedelengde, men vil mer sannsynlig ha en blanding av carbonkjedelengder. I dette henseende er en spesielt anvendbar kvartær forbindelse en forbindelse hvori alkylgruppene skriver seg fra talg og kan inneholde 35% C^6~ kjeder og 60% C^g-kjeder med mindre mengder av C14~kjeder og endog andre kjedelengder. It will, of course, be recognized and understood that most available chemical materials, and particularly those containing a hydrocarbyl group, generally consist of mixtures of closely related groups. The long-chain alkyl substituents (R) in the cation-active compounds used in the present softeners can thus not only have a single carbon chain length, but will more likely have a mixture of carbon chain lengths. In this regard, a particularly useful quaternary compound is a compound in which the alkyl groups are derived from tallow and may contain 35% C^6~ chains and 60% C^g chains with smaller amounts of C14~ chains and even other chain lengths.
Tøymykningsmidlene ifølge oppfinnelsen må foruten viskositets- og fasestabilitet oppvise den nødvendige viskositet (dvs. for å være hellbare) og dispergerbarhet i vann under skyllesyklusen (eller i en hvilken som helst annen fortynnet tilstand før anvendelse) som brukerne har vendt seg til å akseptere og forlanger ved anvendelse av de mindre konsentrerte produkter. De her angjeldende produkter kan således ha viskositeter av 30-250, fortrinnsvis 40-120, eps. The fabric softeners according to the invention must, in addition to viscosity and phase stability, exhibit the necessary viscosity (ie to be pourable) and dispersibility in water during the rinse cycle (or in any other diluted state before use) that users have come to accept and demand when using the less concentrated products. The products concerned here can thus have viscosities of 30-250, preferably 40-120, eps.
Foruten at de oppviser utmerkede dispergerbarhetsegen-skaper i vann bidrar de her anvendte aminsalter også til å In addition to exhibiting excellent dispersibility properties in water, the amine salts used here also contribute to
gi mykningsvirkning, slik at f.eks. et konsentrat av 12% kvartær forbindelse og 2% aminsalt ikke bare er 2 ganger så effektivt som et vanlig 6%-ig kationaktivt mykningsmiddel, men nesten 2,5 ganger så effektivt. give a softening effect, so that e.g. a concentrate of 12% quaternary compound and 2% amine salt is not only 2 times as effective as a regular 6% cation active softener, but almost 2.5 times as effective.
De generelle metoder for fremstilling av de foreliggende mykningsmidler er tallrike, og sluttproduktet vil variere noe hva gjelder dets stabilitet. Den valgte metode er avhengig av de anvendte bestanddeler og er forskjellige fra hverandre hva gjelder tilsetningsrekkefølgen for de forskjellige materialer og behandlingsbetingelsene. The general methods for producing the present softeners are numerous, and the final product will vary somewhat in terms of its stability. The chosen method depends on the ingredients used and differs from each other in terms of the order of addition of the different materials and the processing conditions.
En typisk foretrukken metode (A) innbefatter tilsetning av det ikke-ioniske materiale1 og eventuelt farvemiddel til oppskriftsvekten av vann som har en temperatur av ca. 70°C. Til denne oppløsning blir den kationaktive mykningsforbindelse tilsatt i "smeltet" form (50-60°C) til hvilken aminsaltet allerede er blitt tilsatt. Som regel vil en gel bli dannet. Blandingen avkjøles til ca. 40°C, og derefter tilsettes elektrolytten for å bryte ned gelen. Blandingen blir derefter avkjølt til værelsetemperatur under omrøring. En modifikasjon av metoden (A) innbefatter regulering av pH til ca. 12 før den smeltede kationaktive forbindelse tilsettes. I dette tilfelle dannes ingen gel. Efter avkjøling til ca. 40°C blir pH på ny regulert til 5-6, og blandingen avkjøles til værelsetemperatur under omrøring, hvorefter elektrolytt anvendes for å regulere viskositeten (metode B). Ved en ytterligere metode (C) blir den ikke-ioniske forbindelse og elektrolytt tilsatt til minst 80% varmt vann (ca. 40°C), og derefter tilsettes den kationaktive mykningsforbindelse og aminsaltet på samme måte som ved metoden (A). I alminnelighet vil ingen gel bli dannet. En eventuell restmengde av vannet blir derefter tilsatt, og blandingen blir avkjølt til værelsetemperatur under omrøring. A typically preferred method (A) involves adding the non-ionic material1 and optional colorant to the recipe weight of water having a temperature of approx. 70°C. To this solution the cationic softening compound is added in "melted" form (50-60°C) to which the amine salt has already been added. As a rule, a gel will be formed. The mixture is cooled to approx. 40°C, and then the electrolyte is added to break down the gel. The mixture is then cooled to room temperature with stirring. A modification of the method (A) includes regulation of the pH to approx. 12 before the molten cationic active compound is added. In this case no gel is formed. After cooling to approx. 40°C, the pH is again regulated to 5-6, and the mixture is cooled to room temperature with stirring, after which electrolyte is used to regulate the viscosity (method B). In a further method (C), the non-ionic compound and electrolyte are added to at least 80% hot water (about 40°C), and then the cationic softening compound and the amine salt are added in the same way as in method (A). Generally, no gel will form. Any remaining amount of water is then added, and the mixture is cooled to room temperature while stirring.
De nedenstående eksempler tjener til nærmere å beskrive den foreliggende oppfinnelse. De der angitte deler er basert på vekt dersom intet annet er angitt. The following examples serve to describe the present invention in more detail. The parts stated there are based on weight if nothing else is stated.
Eksempel 1 Example 1
I overensstemmelse med den ovenfor beskrevne metode (A) blir 1 del polyethylenglycol (molekylvekt 400) + 1,2 deler av en 0,2%-ig farvemiddeloppløsning oppløst i ca. 70 deler vann ved en temperatur av ca. 7 0°C. Til denne oppløsning blir 17,6 deler distearyldimethylammoniumklorid (75% aktivt innhold og med ca. 10% isopropanol og resten vann) i smeltet In accordance with the method (A) described above, 1 part polyethylene glycol (molecular weight 400) + 1.2 parts of a 0.2% dye solution is dissolved in approx. 70 parts water at a temperature of approx. 70°C. For this solution, 17.6 parts of distearyldimethylammonium chloride (75% active content and with approx. 10% isopropanol and the rest water) are melted
x x
form og hvortil 3,7 deler Ethomeen T25x og 1,3 deler dodecyl-benzensulfonsyre (temperatur = 55°C) under omrøring, langsomt tilsatt. En gel blir dannet. Gelen avkjøles til ca. 40°C, og derefter tilsettes 0,5 del kalsiumkloriddihydrat. Blandingen blir avkjølt til værelsetemperatur (ca. 20°C) under omrøring. Et stabilt produkt fås med en viskositet av ca. 100 eps. form and to which 3.7 parts of Ethomeen T25x and 1.3 parts of dodecyl-benzenesulfonic acid (temperature = 55°C) are slowly added while stirring. A gel is formed. The gel is cooled to approx. 40°C, and then 0.5 part calcium chloride dihydrate is added. The mixture is cooled to room temperature (approx. 20°C) while stirring. A stable product is obtained with a viscosity of approx. 100 eps.
x x
Talqamin (40% C,,, 60% C,0) kondensert med 15 molekyler Talqamin (40% C,,, 60% C,0) condensed with 15 molecules
±b ±o ±b ±o
ethylenoxyd. ethylene oxide.
Eksempel 2 Example 2
Metoden ifølge eksempel 1 gjentas under anvendelse av de følgende deler av (A) kationisk forbindelse (aktiv), (B) amin, (C) sulfonsyre og (D) elektrolytt. The method of Example 1 is repeated using the following portions of (A) cationic compound (active), (B) amine, (C) sulfonic acid and (D) electrolyte.
Ca) A = 12; B - 1.0; C - 0.32; D = 0.5 Approx) A = 12; B - 1.0; C - 0.32; D = 0.5
(b) A = 14; B = 1.5; C = 0.52; D = 0.5 (c) A = 16; B = 1.8; C = 0.63; D - 0.7 (d) A = 18; B = 2.5; C = 0.88; D = 1.0 (b) A = 14; B = 1.5; C = 0.52; D = 0.5 (c) A = 16; B = 1.8; C = 0.63; D - 0.7 (d) A = 18; B = 2.5; C = 0.88; D = 1.0
Eksempel 3 Example 3
Eksemplene 1 og 2 gjentas, men istedenfor distearyldimethylammoniumklorid å anvende de følgende: Examples 1 and 2 are repeated, but instead of distearyldimethylammonium chloride using the following:
(a) ditalgdimethylammoniumklorid (a) ditallow dimethyl ammonium chloride
(b) distearyldimethylammoniummethosulfat (b) distearyldimethylammonium methosulfate
(c) di(hydrogenert talg)-dimethylammoniumbromid (d) dihexadecyldimethylammoniumklorid (c) di(hydrogenated tallow)-dimethylammonium bromide (d) dihexadecyldimethylammonium chloride
(e) distearyldiethylammoniumklorid (e) distearyldiethylammonium chloride
Eksempel 4 Example 4
Eksemplene 1, 2 og 3 gjentas idet det i alle tilfeller tilsettes 1 del polyethylenglycol (molekylvekt 400) sammen med aminsaltet i det første trinn av fremstillingsprosessen. Examples 1, 2 and 3 are repeated, with 1 part of polyethylene glycol (molecular weight 400) being added in all cases together with the amine salt in the first step of the manufacturing process.
Polyethylenglycol (molekylvekt 400) er representativ for vannoppløselige polymerer med lav molekylvekt som om ønsket kan anvendes i mykningsmidlene ifølge oppfinnelsen. Blant andre anvendbare polymerer kan henvisning gjøres til den ovennevnte britiske publiserte patentsøknad 2053249A. Mykningsmidlene ifølge oppfinnelsen kan innbefatte en hvilken som helst og samtlige av slike polymerer og dessuten andre vannoppløselige polymerer. I mykningsmidlene ifølge oppfinnelsen kan disse materialer anvendes i en mengde av 0,1- Polyethylene glycol (molecular weight 400) is representative of water-soluble polymers with a low molecular weight which, if desired, can be used in the plasticizers according to the invention. Among other useful polymers, reference may be made to the above-mentioned British Published Patent Application 2053249A. The plasticizers according to the invention may include any and all of such polymers and also other water-soluble polymers. In the plasticizers according to the invention, these materials can be used in an amount of 0.1-
20 vekt% av det samlede mykningsmiddel. 20% by weight of the total plasticizer.
Eksempel 5 Example 5
Hvert av de ovenstående eksempler 1-4 gjentas ved som elektrolytt å anvende de følgende: Each of the above examples 1-4 is repeated by using the following as electrolyte:
(a) natriumklorid (a) sodium chloride
(b) natriumnitrat (b) sodium nitrate
(c) natriumformiat (c) sodium formate
(d) ammoniumbromid (d) ammonium bromide
(e) kalsiumklorid (e) calcium chloride
(f) kalsiumnitrat (f) calcium nitrate
(g) lithiumacetat (g) lithium acetate
(h) magnesiumklorid (h) magnesium chloride
Eksempel 6 Example 6
Hvert av eksemplene 1-5 gjentas hva gjelder sammensetningene, men ved anvendelse av metoden (B) for fremstilling av mykningsmidlene. Ved denne metode innbefatter den for-andring av fremstillingen som er beskrevet i eksempel 1, regulering av pH til 12 med natriumhydroxyd efter oppløsning av aminsaltet (og av eventuelt anvendt polyethylenglycol) og fornyet regulering av pH til 5-6 med saltsyre efter at den kationaktive forbindelse er blitt tilsatt. På dette stadium dannes ingen gel som ved metoden (A). Elektrolytten tilsettes efter at blandingen er blitt avkjølt til værelsetemperatur . Each of the examples 1-5 is repeated with regard to the compositions, but using method (B) for producing the plasticizers. In this method, the change to the preparation described in example 1 includes regulation of the pH to 12 with sodium hydroxide after dissolving the amine salt (and of any polyethylene glycol used) and renewed regulation of the pH to 5-6 with hydrochloric acid after the cation-active compound has been added. At this stage no gel is formed as in method (A). The electrolyte is added after the mixture has cooled to room temperature.
Eksempel 7 Example 7
Hvert av eksemplene 1-5 blir på ny gjentatt hva gjelder sammensetningene, men ved anvendelse av metoden (C) for fremstilling av mykningsmidlene. Each of the examples 1-5 is repeated again with regard to the compositions, but using method (C) for the production of the plasticizers.
Ved denne metode blir aminsaltet (og eventuelt anvendt vannoppløselig polyethylenglycol) oppløst i 80% av opp-skriftsmengden av vannet ved en temperatur av 35-40°C. Elektrolytten blir derefter tilsatt, efterfulgt av den In this method, the amine salt (and possibly water-soluble polyethylene glycol used) is dissolved in 80% of the prescribed amount of water at a temperature of 35-40°C. The electrolyte is then added, followed by it
smeltede kationaktive forbindelse. Den øvrige oppskrifts- molten cationic compound. The other recipe-
vekt av vannet blir derefter tilsatt, og blandingen blir derpå avkjølt til værelsetemperatur under omrøring. weight of the water is then added and the mixture is then cooled to room temperature with stirring.
Eksempel 8 Example 8
I overensstemmelse med den ovenfor beskrevne metode In accordance with the method described above
(A) blir 1 del polyethylenglycol (molekylvekt 400) og 1,2 (A) becomes 1 part polyethylene glycol (molecular weight 400) and 1.2
deler 0,2%-ig farvemiddeloppløsning oppløst i ca. 7 0 deler parts 0.2% dye solution dissolved in approx. 7 0 parts
vann ved en temperatur av ca. 70°C- water at a temperature of approx. 70°C-
17,6 deler ditalgdimethylammoniumklorid (75% aktiv bestanddel og inneholdende 10% isopropanol og rest vann) i smeltet form og hvortil 2 deler Ethomeen^<1> 2 5 (talgamin- 17.6 parts tallow dimethylammonium chloride (75% active ingredient and containing 10% isopropanol and residual water) in molten form and to which 2 parts Ethomeen^<1> 2 5 (tallow
40% C,,, 60% C,0/ kondensert med 15 molekyler ethylenoxyd) 40% C,,, 60% C,0/ condensed with 15 molecules of ethylene oxide)
og 0,62% stearinsyre (temperatur = 55 C) tidligere er blitt tilsatt under omrøring,blir langsomt tilsatt til oppløsningen i henhold til eksemplets avsnitt 1. Et stabilt produkt med en viskositet av ca. 100 eps fås. and 0.62% stearic acid (temperature = 55 C) has previously been added while stirring, is slowly added to the solution according to the example section 1. A stable product with a viscosity of approx. 100 eps available.
Eksempel 9 Example 9
Eksempel 8 gjentas under anvendelse av det samme antall deler av kationaktiv forbindelse, amin og elektrolytter som beskrevet i eksempel 2, samtidig som stearinsyremengden varieres slik at den er støkiometrisk i forhold til aminmengden. Example 8 is repeated using the same number of parts of cationic compound, amine and electrolytes as described in example 2, while varying the amount of stearic acid so that it is stoichiometric in relation to the amount of amine.
Eksempel 10 Example 10
Eksempel 9 gjentas ved istedenfor å anvende stearinsyre Example 9 is repeated instead of using stearic acid
å anvende støkiometriske mengder av de følgende syrer: laurin-syre, cis-9-dodecensyre, myristinsyre, cis-9-tetradecensyre, pentadecansyre, cis-9-pentadecensyre, palmitinsyre, cis-9-hexadecensyre, heptadecansyre, cis-9-heptadecensyre, oleinsyre, linoleinsyre, 4-oxo-cis-9-trans-ll-eleostearinsyre, trans-13-octadecantriensyre, ricinusoleinsyre, dihydroxystearinsyre, nonadecansyre, eicosansyre, cis-ll-eicosensyre, cis-9-eicosensyre, eicosandiensyre, eicosantriensyre, arachidonsyre, eicosanpentaensyre, docosansyre, cis-13-docosensyre, docosan- to use stoichiometric amounts of the following acids: lauric acid, cis-9-dodecenoic acid, myristic acid, cis-9-tetradecenoic acid, pentadecanoic acid, cis-9-pentadecenoic acid, palmitic acid, cis-9-hexadecenoic acid, heptadecanoic acid, cis-9-heptadecenoic acid , oleic acid, linoleic acid, 4-oxo-cis-9-trans-ll-eleostearic acid, trans-13-octadecantrienoic acid, ricinusoleic acid, dihydroxystearic acid, nonadecanoic acid, eicosanoic acid, cis-ll-eicosenoic acid, cis-9-eicosenoic acid, eicosandenoic acid, eicosantrienoic acid, arachidonic acid , eicosanepentaenoic acid, docosanoic acid, cis-13-docosenoic acid, docosan-
diensyre, docosantetraensyre, 4,8,12,15,19-docosanpentaen-syre, docosanhexansyre, tetracosansyre, tetracosensyre, 4,8,12,15/18,21-tetracosanhexaensyre eller blandinger derav. dienoic acid, docosanetetraenoic acid, 4,8,12,15,19-docosanepentaenoic acid, docosanehexanoic acid, tetracosanoic acid, tetracosenoic acid, 4,8,12,15/18,21-tetracosanehexaenoic acid or mixtures thereof.
Eksempel 11 Example 11
Eksemplene 9 og 10 blir begge gjentatt ved at på den ene side den kvartære forbindelse blir erstattet med forbindelsene ifølge eksempel 3 og på den annen side alle disse eksempler gjentas under anvendelse av 1 del polyethylenglycol (molekylvekt 400) i blandingen. Examples 9 and 10 are both repeated in that on the one hand the quaternary compound is replaced with the compounds according to example 3 and on the other hand all these examples are repeated using 1 part polyethylene glycol (molecular weight 400) in the mixture.
De vandige mykningsmidler ifølge oppfinnelsen er generelt anvendbare, på samme måte som andre slike midler, og de er spesielt anvendbare under skyllesyklusen i en automatisk klesvaskemaskin. Ved slike operasjoner såvel som ved en hvilken som helst annen ønsket metode for behandling av tøy blir mykningsmidlene som regel anvendt slik at det generelt fås en aktiv konsentrasjon av 0,005-0,3%, basert på vekten av tøyet som behandles, fortrinnsvis 0,007-0,2%, og mest foretrukket 0,01-0,15%. The aqueous softeners according to the invention are generally applicable, in the same way as other such agents, and they are particularly applicable during the rinse cycle in an automatic clothes washing machine. In such operations as well as in any other desired method of treating cloth, the softeners are generally used so that an active concentration of 0.005-0.3% is generally obtained, based on the weight of the cloth being treated, preferably 0.007-0 .2%, and most preferably 0.01-0.15%.
Et foretrukket forhold mellom kvartær forbindelse og aminsalt er 40:1 - 2:1, mer foretrukket 10:1 - 5:1, i de foreliggende tøymykningsmidler. A preferred ratio between quaternary compound and amine salt is 40:1 - 2:1, more preferably 10:1 - 5:1, in the present fabric softeners.
Claims (8)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US49345083A | 1983-05-11 | 1983-05-11 |
Publications (3)
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NO841889L NO841889L (en) | 1984-11-12 |
NO161690B true NO161690B (en) | 1989-06-05 |
NO161690C NO161690C (en) | 1989-09-13 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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NO841889A NO161690C (en) | 1983-05-11 | 1984-05-10 | SUBSTANCES FOR MANUFACTURING THEREOF. |
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AR (1) | AR244824A1 (en) |
AT (1) | AT395016B (en) |
AU (1) | AU566057B2 (en) |
BE (1) | BE899633A (en) |
BR (1) | BR8402167A (en) |
CA (1) | CA1244603A (en) |
CH (1) | CH664777A5 (en) |
DE (1) | DE3415892A1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK164463B (en) |
ES (1) | ES8603604A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2545853B1 (en) |
GB (2) | GB2139658B (en) |
GR (1) | GR82250B (en) |
HK (1) | HK36090A (en) |
IE (1) | IE55538B1 (en) |
IT (1) | IT1179365B (en) |
LU (1) | LU85356A1 (en) |
MX (1) | MX162792A (en) |
NL (1) | NL8401523A (en) |
NO (1) | NO161690C (en) |
NZ (1) | NZ207932A (en) |
PH (1) | PH22615A (en) |
PT (1) | PT78561B (en) |
SE (1) | SE464139B (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA843208B (en) |
ZM (1) | ZM2384A1 (en) |
ZW (1) | ZW6984A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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GB8410321D0 (en) * | 1984-04-19 | 1984-05-31 | Unilever Plc | Aqueous concentrated fabric softening composition |
GB8818593D0 (en) * | 1988-08-04 | 1988-09-07 | Albright & Wilson | Fabric conditioners |
EP0407040A3 (en) * | 1989-06-21 | 1991-09-11 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | Cationic surface active fibre conditioning compositions comprising compounds including long chain hydrocarbyl groups |
AU5755890A (en) * | 1989-06-21 | 1991-01-03 | Colgate-Palmolive Company, The | Cationic surface active fiber conditioning compositions comprising compounds including long chain hydrocarbyl groups |
EP0559304A2 (en) * | 1989-06-21 | 1993-09-08 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | Liquid dishwashing detergent composition |
AU628590B2 (en) * | 1989-06-21 | 1992-09-17 | Colgate-Palmolive Company, The | Liquid dishwashing detergent composition |
Family Cites Families (11)
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JPS5124638B2 (en) * | 1971-09-23 | 1976-07-26 | ||
JPS5010439B2 (en) * | 1971-11-15 | 1975-04-21 | ||
JPS51105500A (en) * | 1975-03-12 | 1976-09-18 | Kao Corp | Orimonojunankazai |
US4045361A (en) * | 1975-05-21 | 1977-08-30 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Fabric conditioning compositions |
US4233164A (en) * | 1979-06-05 | 1980-11-11 | The Proctor & Gamble Company | Liquid fabric softener |
LU82836A1 (en) * | 1980-10-10 | 1982-05-10 | Lilachim Sa | QUATERNARY AMMONIUM SALT MIXTURES |
ATE13562T1 (en) * | 1981-01-16 | 1985-06-15 | Procter & Gamble | TEXTILE TREATMENT AGENTS. |
EP0059502B1 (en) * | 1981-02-28 | 1985-06-26 | THE PROCTER & GAMBLE COMPANY | Textile treatment compositions |
DE3150179A1 (en) * | 1981-12-18 | 1983-06-23 | Hoechst Ag, 6230 Frankfurt | CONCENTRATED PRE-MIXTURES OF SOFT SOFTENER |
DE3204165A1 (en) * | 1982-02-06 | 1983-08-11 | Hoechst Ag, 6230 Frankfurt | CONCENTRATED SOFT SOFTENER |
ZA834209B (en) * | 1982-06-22 | 1985-01-30 | Colgate Palmolive Co | Concentrated fabric softening compositions and method for making same |
-
1984
- 1984-04-19 NZ NZ207932A patent/NZ207932A/en unknown
- 1984-04-19 SE SE8402212A patent/SE464139B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1984-04-25 GR GR74496A patent/GR82250B/el unknown
- 1984-04-27 ZW ZW69/84A patent/ZW6984A1/en unknown
- 1984-04-28 DE DE19843415892 patent/DE3415892A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1984-04-30 ZA ZA843208A patent/ZA843208B/en unknown
- 1984-05-02 MX MX201209A patent/MX162792A/en unknown
- 1984-05-03 AT AT0146484A patent/AT395016B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1984-05-04 DK DK223884A patent/DK164463B/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1984-05-07 AU AU27747/84A patent/AU566057B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1984-05-08 PT PT78561A patent/PT78561B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1984-05-08 CH CH2250/84A patent/CH664777A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1984-05-09 BR BR8402167A patent/BR8402167A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1984-05-10 IE IE1158/84A patent/IE55538B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1984-05-10 IT IT48169/84A patent/IT1179365B/en active
- 1984-05-10 ES ES532365A patent/ES8603604A1/en not_active Expired
- 1984-05-10 NO NO841889A patent/NO161690C/en unknown
- 1984-05-10 PH PH30667A patent/PH22615A/en unknown
- 1984-05-10 GB GB08411919A patent/GB2139658B/en not_active Expired
- 1984-05-10 CA CA000453993A patent/CA1244603A/en not_active Expired
- 1984-05-11 LU LU85356A patent/LU85356A1/en unknown
- 1984-05-11 NL NL8401523A patent/NL8401523A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1984-05-11 BE BE0/212911A patent/BE899633A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1984-05-11 AR AR84296634A patent/AR244824A1/en active
- 1984-05-11 FR FR8407366A patent/FR2545853B1/en not_active Expired
- 1984-05-11 ZM ZM23/84A patent/ZM2384A1/en unknown
-
1986
- 1986-06-19 GB GB868614969A patent/GB8614969D0/en active Pending
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1990
- 1990-05-10 HK HK360/90A patent/HK36090A/en unknown
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