NO161452B - PLOG FOR UNDERGRADING OF CABLES OR ROOTS. - Google Patents
PLOG FOR UNDERGRADING OF CABLES OR ROOTS. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NO161452B NO161452B NO824257A NO824257A NO161452B NO 161452 B NO161452 B NO 161452B NO 824257 A NO824257 A NO 824257A NO 824257 A NO824257 A NO 824257A NO 161452 B NO161452 B NO 161452B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- plow
- trench
- wedge
- plow according
- cable
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000009933 burial Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011499 joint compound Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F5/00—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes
- E02F5/02—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes for digging trenches or ditches
- E02F5/10—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes for digging trenches or ditches with arrangements for reinforcing trenches or ditches; with arrangements for making or assembling conduits or for laying conduits or cables
- E02F5/104—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes for digging trenches or ditches with arrangements for reinforcing trenches or ditches; with arrangements for making or assembling conduits or for laying conduits or cables for burying conduits or cables in trenches under water
- E02F5/106—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes for digging trenches or ditches with arrangements for reinforcing trenches or ditches; with arrangements for making or assembling conduits or for laying conduits or cables for burying conduits or cables in trenches under water using ploughs, coulters, rippers
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F5/00—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes
- E02F5/02—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes for digging trenches or ditches
- E02F5/08—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes for digging trenches or ditches with digging wheels turning round an axis
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F5/00—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes
- E02F5/02—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes for digging trenches or ditches
- E02F5/10—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes for digging trenches or ditches with arrangements for reinforcing trenches or ditches; with arrangements for making or assembling conduits or for laying conduits or cables
- E02F5/104—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes for digging trenches or ditches with arrangements for reinforcing trenches or ditches; with arrangements for making or assembling conduits or for laying conduits or cables for burying conduits or cables in trenches under water
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F5/00—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes
- E02F5/02—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes for digging trenches or ditches
- E02F5/10—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes for digging trenches or ditches with arrangements for reinforcing trenches or ditches; with arrangements for making or assembling conduits or for laying conduits or cables
- E02F5/104—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes for digging trenches or ditches with arrangements for reinforcing trenches or ditches; with arrangements for making or assembling conduits or for laying conduits or cables for burying conduits or cables in trenches under water
- E02F5/109—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes for digging trenches or ditches with arrangements for reinforcing trenches or ditches; with arrangements for making or assembling conduits or for laying conduits or cables for burying conduits or cables in trenches under water using rotating digging elements
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Electric Cable Installation (AREA)
- Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
- Organic Insulating Materials (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
Description
Foreliggende oppfinnelse vedrører en plog for nedgraving av kabler eller rør av den type som fremgår av ingressen til det etterfølgende selvstendige krav. The present invention relates to a plow for burying cables or pipes of the type that appears in the preamble to the following independent claim.
Ploger av kjent type for nedgraving av rør eller kabler omfatter vanligvis et plogskjær som tvinger Jorden oppad og utad for dannelse av en grøft etterfulgt av to parallelle flater som vil holde Jorden fra hverandre, mens kabler eller rør senkes ned i bunnen av grøften mellom disse. Selv om sidene til plogskjæret kan danne en smal grøft med bratte sider, vil likevel Jorden være forstyrret og svekket i trekantede soner som forløper oppover på hver side av plogskjæret. Jorden som forskyves blir ikke ført tilbake i grøften på en kontrollert måte med det resultat at grøften ikke blir fullstendig gjenfyllt og nedgravingsdybden for røret eller kabelen er mindre enn dybden som skjæres av plogskjæret. Resultatet er at røret eller kabelen ligger i bunnen av en relativt grunn, bred grøft som er fyllt med løsgjort og svekket Jord og utilstrekkelig beskyttelse oppnås. Plows of a known type for burying pipes or cables usually include a plowshare which forces the Earth upwards and outwards to form a trench followed by two parallel surfaces which will hold the Earth apart, while cables or pipes are lowered into the bottom of the trench between them. Although the sides of the plowshare may form a narrow trench with steep sides, the Earth will still be disturbed and weakened in triangular zones running upwards on each side of the plowshare. The soil that is displaced is not returned to the trench in a controlled manner with the result that the trench is not completely backfilled and the depth of burial for the pipe or cable is less than the depth cut by the ploughshare. The result is that the pipe or cable lies at the bottom of a relatively shallow, wide trench that is filled with loosened and weakened soil and insufficient protection is achieved.
Den vanlige prosess beveger et betydelig volum av Jord på en måte som medfører en stor del indre skjærkrefter og følgelig krever den en høy kraft for å trekke plogen. The usual process moves a significant volume of soil in a way that involves a large amount of internal shear forces and consequently requires a high force to pull the plough.
US-patent 3031357 viser den mest nærliggende, tidligere kjente plog. Her må imidlertid en vesentlig andel av trekkraften på plogen benyttes til å overvinne friksjons-kreftene som virker mot det kileformede Jordlegemet som skal heves opp. Det samme gjelder plogen ifølge DE-patent 499664. US Patent 3031357 shows the closest prior known plow. Here, however, a significant proportion of the traction on the plow must be used to overcome the frictional forces that act against the wedge-shaped Earth body that is to be raised. The same applies to the plow according to DE patent 499664.
Det er et formål med den foreliggende oppfinnelse å tilveiebringe en plog som skjærer en forbedret fureform, løfter fure- eller materialkilen en mindre avstand for å tillate at kabelen eller røret kan innsettes under den og tillate at materialet kan føres tilbake med minimal forstyrrelse. It is an object of the present invention to provide a plow which cuts an improved furrow shape, raises the furrow or material wedge a smaller distance to allow the cable or pipe to be inserted under it and allow the material to be returned with minimal disturbance.
Dette oppnås ifølge oppfinnelsen med en plog av den innled-ningsvis nevnte art som kjennetegnes ved karakteristikken i det etterfølgende selvstendige krav. According to the invention, this is achieved with a plow of the type mentioned at the outset which is distinguished by the characteristic in the following independent claim.
Etter at kabel eller rør er blitt lagt og plogen har passert videre, vil materialkilen falle tilbake i grøften uten assistanse og begrave kabelen eller rør. After the cable or pipe has been laid and the plow has passed on, the wedge of material will fall back into the trench unassisted and bury the cable or pipe.
Hensiktsmessig innbefatter plogen to i lengderetningen forløpende sideflater som er plassert bakenfor skjærene for å hjelpe til å holde grøfteveggene fra hverandre mens kabel eller rør føres ned i grøften. Conveniently, the plow includes two longitudinally extending side surfaces located behind the cutters to help hold the trench walls apart while the cable or pipe is fed into the trench.
Fortrinnsvis konvergerer disse sideflater mot deres fremre ende for dannelsen av det første av skjærene. Preferably, these side surfaces converge towards their front end to form the first of the cuttings.
En av sideflatene er fortrinnsvis flat og konvergensen tilveiebringes ved vinkling eller krumming av den andre. One of the side surfaces is preferably flat and the convergence is provided by angling or curving the other.
Innretningen kan være slik at kabel eller rør passerer mellom de i lengderetningen forløpende sideflater inn i grøften under den løftede kile. The arrangement can be such that the cable or pipe passes between the longitudinally extending side surfaces into the trench below the raised wedge.
Et tredje skjær kan være anordnet og plassert foran det første skjær og på. linje med dette. A third shear can be arranged and placed in front of the first shear and on. line with this.
Plogen er vanligvis beregnet for drift i et relativt mykt substrat, så som jord, sand, slam eller leire. Ved modifiser-ing av det andre og tredje skjær til å virke som sager, kan imidlertid plogen også drives i hårdere substrat så som fjell. The plow is usually intended for operation in a relatively soft substrate, such as soil, sand, mud or clay. However, by modifying the second and third cutting edge to act as saws, the plow can also be driven in harder substrate such as rock.
Innretningen for løfting av kilen omfatter fortrinnsvis et skråstilt plan som stiger fra skjæreggen. The device for lifting the wedge preferably comprises an inclined plane that rises from the cutting edge.
Kilen bør være gitt tilstrekkelig løft i begynnelsen til å tillate sidebevegelse uten å presse mot grøfteveggene. Oppfinnelsen er i det følgende nærmere forklart under henvisning til et utførelseseksempel som er vist på de vedlagte tegninger som viser: Fig. 1 et perspektivisk riss av plogen for nedgraving The wedge should be given sufficient lift initially to allow lateral movement without pressing against the trench walls. The invention is explained in more detail in the following with reference to an embodiment which is shown in the attached drawings which show: Fig. 1 a perspective view of the plow for digging
av kahler eller rør ifølge oppfinnelsen, of casings or pipes according to the invention,
Fig. 2,3,4 tverrsnitt gjennom jorden før, under og etter Fig. 2,3,4 cross section through the earth before, during and after
passering med plogen. passage with the plough.
Plogen, som generelt er betegnet med henvisningstallet 1, innbefatter to i lengderetningen forløpende sideflater 2 og 3 (er flater på et legeme 4), hvori flaten 2 er flat og vertikal (men må ikke nødvendigvis være dette) og flaten 3 er krummet innover for å møte flaten 2 og danner en skjæregg 5. Gjennom legemet 4 forløper en passasje 6 gjennom hvilken kabelen 7 føres ned i grøften under den løftede jord- eller materialkile 8. The plough, which is generally designated by the reference numeral 1, includes two longitudinally extending side surfaces 2 and 3 (being surfaces of a body 4), in which surface 2 is flat and vertical (but need not necessarily be this) and surface 3 is curved inwards for to meet the surface 2 and forms a cutting edge 5. A passage 6 runs through the body 4 through which the cable 7 is led down into the trench under the raised soil or material wedge 8.
Plogen innbefatter et andre skjær i form av et fritt roterende skjær 9 som sammen med skjæreggen 5 danner to avstandsplasserte kutt i jorden og derved danner en materialkile 8. Som det fremgår av fig. 2 er kuttet som dannes av eggen 5 vertikalt, mens kuttet som dannes av skjæret 9 er skråstilt til vertikalplanet. The plow includes a second blade in the form of a freely rotating blade 9 which, together with the cutting edge 5, forms two spaced cuts in the soil and thereby forms a material wedge 8. As can be seen from fig. 2, the cut formed by the edge 5 is vertical, while the cut formed by the cutting edge 9 is inclined to the vertical plane.
Plogen omfatter også innretninger for løfting av jordkilen 8, i form av en horisontal skjæregg 10 og en skråstilt flate 11. Den skråstilte flaten 11 er den fremre kant av en kileformet del 12 som også har en horisontal flate 13 (som kan være lett skråstilt hvis ønsket). The plow also includes devices for lifting the soil wedge 8, in the form of a horizontal cutting edge 10 and an inclined surface 11. The inclined surface 11 is the front edge of a wedge-shaped part 12 which also has a horizontal surface 13 (which can be slightly inclined if wished).
Plogen innbefatter videre en bjelke 14 som forbinder legemet 4 med en bærekonstruksjon 15 som hensiktsmessig omfatter et par ski eller hjul, med et plassert på hver side. Støtte-konstruks jonen 15 er innstillbar ved hjelp av ikke viste innretninger for å styre dybden av kuttene. Plogen trekkes med en taueline 16 som er forbundet til et koplingspunkt 17 i form av et øye. The plow further includes a beam 14 which connects the body 4 with a support structure 15 which suitably comprises a pair of skis or wheels, with one placed on each side. The support structure 15 is adjustable by means of devices not shown to control the depth of the cuts. The plow is pulled with a rope 16 which is connected to a connection point 17 in the form of an eye.
Ved bruk vil skjærene 5 og 9 kutte sidene av jordkilen som skal løftes av plogen som vist på fig. 2. Kilene er trapes-formet i snitt, bredere ved toppen enn ved bunnen og har en vertikal side og en side i 30° vinkel til vertikalplanet. Fig. 3 viser den måte ploglegemet 4 beveger kilen oppad ved hjelp av de øvre flater 11 og 13 på fremspringet 12, mens sideflaten 3 beveger den sideveis for å gi rom for at ploglegemet 4 kan passere gjennom jorden. Den detaljerte geometri for den krumme side 3 og løfteflaten 11 er slik at jordkilen bestandig løftes tilstrekkelig først for å tillate sideveis bevegelse uten fastklemming mot veggene. Jo flatere den hellende vegg er, jo mindre er den nødvendige løftekraft, men desto større mengde jord må flyttes. 30" er ofte en hensiktsmessig vinkel, men andre kan være egnet i spesielle tilfeller. Fig. 4 viser at når ploglegemet 4 beveges videre, vil kilen falle tilbake på toppen av røret eller kabelen, og fylle grøften fullstendig å gi forbedret beskyttelse. In use, the cutters 5 and 9 will cut the sides of the soil wedge to be lifted by the plow as shown in fig. 2. The wedges are trapezoidal in section, wider at the top than at the bottom and have a vertical side and a side at a 30° angle to the vertical plane. Fig. 3 shows the way the plow body 4 moves the wedge upwards by means of the upper surfaces 11 and 13 of the projection 12, while the side surface 3 moves it laterally to make room for the plow body 4 to pass through the soil. The detailed geometry of the curved side 3 and the lifting surface 11 is such that the soil wedge is always lifted sufficiently first to allow lateral movement without clamping against the walls. The flatter the sloping wall, the less lifting force is required, but the greater the amount of soil that must be moved. 30" is often a convenient angle, but others may be suitable in special cases. Fig. 4 shows that when the plow body 4 is moved further, the wedge will fall back on top of the pipe or cable, filling the trench completely to provide improved protection.
Skjærene 5 og 9 bør være så smale og skarpe som mulig for å gi kilen minimal jordforstyrrelse. The cutters 5 and 9 should be as narrow and sharp as possible to give the wedge minimal ground disturbance.
Skiveskjæret 9 som danner den hellende grøftevegg kan svinges om en akse 18 foran skjæret for å gi en viss bevegelsesfrihet hvis man støter mot et hinder. The disc cutter 9 which forms the inclined ditch wall can be swung about an axis 18 in front of the cutter to give a certain freedom of movement if you bump into an obstacle.
Fordelen ved den ovenfor illustrerte plog er at den håndterer kilen på en slik måte at den reduserer påkjenningene eller spenningene i den og dermed reduserer trekkraften. Den etterlater kabelen eller røret under jord som har vesentlig mindre gjennomgått svekkelse sammenlignet med bruk av de tidligere beskrevne ploger. The advantage of the plow illustrated above is that it handles the wedge in such a way as to reduce the stresses or strains in it and thus reduce traction. It leaves the cable or pipe underground which has undergone significantly less weakening compared to the use of the previously described plows.
Når plogen benyttes for legging av en kabel, vil det vanligvis være ønskelig å benytte en dreibar krummet plate (ikke vist og kjent for fagmannen som en "dipper") festet til plogbjelken 14 for å tvinge kabelen ned i kanalen 6 slik at kabelen passerer ut i bunnen av kanalen. When the plow is used for laying a cable, it will usually be desirable to use a rotatable curved plate (not shown and known to those skilled in the art as a "dipper") attached to the plow beam 14 to force the cable down into the channel 6 so that the cable passes out at the bottom of the channel.
Claims (9)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB8138351 | 1981-12-19 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NO824257L NO824257L (en) | 1983-06-20 |
NO161452B true NO161452B (en) | 1989-05-08 |
NO161452C NO161452C (en) | 1989-08-16 |
Family
ID=10526735
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NO824257A NO161452C (en) | 1981-12-19 | 1982-12-17 | PLOG FOR UNDERGRADING OF CABLES OR ROOTS. |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0088190B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPS58146627A (en) |
AU (1) | AU557934B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA1187297A (en) |
DE (1) | DE3278268D1 (en) |
NO (1) | NO161452C (en) |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB8301514D0 (en) * | 1983-01-20 | 1983-02-23 | British Petroleum Co Plc | Plough assembly |
GB8331892D0 (en) * | 1983-11-30 | 1984-01-04 | Soil Machine Dynamics Ltd | Ploughs |
DE8709260U1 (en) * | 1987-07-04 | 1987-12-17 | Peter Lancier Maschinenbau-Hafenhütte GmbH & Co KG, 48167 Münster | Cable plow |
JPH0630738U (en) * | 1992-09-22 | 1994-04-22 | 株式会社アイ・アンド・プラス | Electronic thermometer |
US10323383B2 (en) * | 2012-11-30 | 2019-06-18 | Oceaneering International, Inc. | Seabed plow capable of over-the-stern release and retrieval in any of boulder clearing, trenching and backfill configurations |
US9422690B2 (en) | 2012-11-30 | 2016-08-23 | Michael W. N. Wilson | Method and apparatus for performing burial assessment surveys |
CN112952655B (en) * | 2021-01-28 | 2022-05-31 | 国网冀北电力有限公司廊坊供电公司 | Cable laying device |
IT202100019700A1 (en) | 2021-07-23 | 2023-01-23 | Saipem Spa | Assembly and method for laying underwater cables |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE499664C (en) * | 1928-06-30 | 1930-06-13 | Gustav Jaeger | Method and device for laying electrical cables |
GB844269A (en) * | 1956-10-25 | 1960-08-10 | Kurt Willner | An implement for laying lengths of material in the ground |
US3423946A (en) * | 1967-06-07 | 1969-01-28 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Undersea repeater burying plowshare |
AT328974B (en) * | 1974-05-10 | 1976-04-26 | Willner Kurt | SPATIAL PLUG BODY FOR TRENCHLESS LAYING OF CABLE-LIKE PIPES |
FR2290539A1 (en) * | 1974-11-07 | 1976-06-04 | Masquelier Henry | MACHINE FOR LAYING TRENCHES |
GB2016560A (en) * | 1978-03-13 | 1979-09-26 | Hughes & Co | Method of and apparatus for cutting channels |
GB2031049B (en) * | 1978-08-08 | 1982-07-28 | Davison G | Method and apparatus for excavating trenches |
EP0030082B1 (en) * | 1979-11-29 | 1985-09-11 | Imperial Chemical Industries Plc | Agronomic process and implement for use therein |
-
1982
- 1982-12-13 AU AU91428/82A patent/AU557934B2/en not_active Expired
- 1982-12-15 CA CA000417809A patent/CA1187297A/en not_active Expired
- 1982-12-17 DE DE8282306745T patent/DE3278268D1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-12-17 NO NO824257A patent/NO161452C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-12-17 EP EP82306745A patent/EP0088190B1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-12-18 JP JP57221127A patent/JPS58146627A/en active Granted
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPS58146627A (en) | 1983-09-01 |
AU9142882A (en) | 1983-06-23 |
JPH0319331B2 (en) | 1991-03-14 |
EP0088190B1 (en) | 1988-03-23 |
CA1187297A (en) | 1985-05-21 |
DE3278268D1 (en) | 1988-04-28 |
AU557934B2 (en) | 1987-01-15 |
EP0088190A1 (en) | 1983-09-14 |
NO161452C (en) | 1989-08-16 |
NO824257L (en) | 1983-06-20 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
MK1K | Patent expired |
Free format text: EXPIRED IN DECEMBER 2003 |