NO161336B - SEALING RING FOR FITTING IN A TELESCOPIC COUMPER. - Google Patents
SEALING RING FOR FITTING IN A TELESCOPIC COUMPER. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NO161336B NO161336B NO850215A NO850215A NO161336B NO 161336 B NO161336 B NO 161336B NO 850215 A NO850215 A NO 850215A NO 850215 A NO850215 A NO 850215A NO 161336 B NO161336 B NO 161336B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- sealing ring
- strip
- ring
- anchoring
- specified
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 title claims 11
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 claims 5
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims 3
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 22
- KLZUFWVZNOTSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-K Aluminum fluoride Inorganic materials F[Al](F)F KLZUFWVZNOTSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- IRPGOXJVTQTAAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropanal Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C=O IRPGOXJVTQTAAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 8
- 101100004392 Arabidopsis thaliana BHLH147 gene Proteins 0.000 description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910021502 aluminium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001679 gibbsite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910003638 H2SiF6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910004039 HBF4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001570 bauxite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZEFWRWWINDLIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluorosilane;dihydrofluoride Chemical compound F.F.F[Si](F)(F)F ZEFWRWWINDLIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
- E02D29/12—Manhole shafts; Other inspection or access chambers; Accessories therefor
- E02D29/14—Covers for manholes or the like; Frames for covers
- E02D29/1409—Covers for manholes or the like; Frames for covers adjustable in height or inclination
Description
Fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av aluminiumfluorid. Process for the production of aluminum fluoride.
A1F3 fremstilles vanligvis ved felling av AIF3 • 3H20 fra en overmettet oppløsning av A1F3, hvorpå det utfelte hydrat tørkes og kalsi-neres. Den overmettede oppløsning av A1F3 fremstilles vanligvis ut fra aluminium-hydroksyd, bauxitt, aluminium-metall og lignende, som bringes til å reagere med fluorholdige råstoffer som HF, H2SiF6, HBF4 etc. Fluorkonsentrasjonen i det fluorholdige råstoff er ved de kjente me-toder relativt høy og gjerne av størrelsesorden som tilsvarer ca. 15 % HF. Når en syre som inneholder 15 % HF utreagerer med Al(OH)3 vil den resulterende oppløsning inneholde ca. 220 gr. AIF3 pr. liter. A1F3 is usually produced by precipitation of AIF3 • 3H20 from a supersaturated solution of A1F3, after which the precipitated hydrate is dried and calcined. The supersaturated solution of A1F3 is usually prepared from aluminum hydroxide, bauxite, aluminum metal and the like, which are brought to react with fluorine-containing raw materials such as HF, H2SiF6, HBF4 etc. The fluorine concentration in the fluorine-containing raw material is relatively high and preferably of the order of magnitude corresponding to approx. 15% HF. When an acid containing 15% HF reacts with Al(OH)3, the resulting solution will contain approx. 220 gr. AIF3 per litres.
Ved utfelling av aluminiumfluorid fra den By precipitation of aluminum fluoride from it
overmettede oppløsning kan der dannes produk-ter med varierende innhold av krystallvann. For å oppnå best mulig felling blir de fleste fellings-prosesser utført i temperaturområdet 75—100° C, supersaturated solutions can form products with varying contents of crystal water. In order to achieve the best possible precipitation, most precipitation processes are carried out in the temperature range 75-100° C,
og det er kj ent at utf ellingshastigheten kan økes ved tilsats av kim av A1F3 • 3H20. and it is known that the rate of precipitation can be increased by adding seeds of A1F3 • 3H20.
I det temperaturområdet (75—100° C) hvor fellingen vanligvis foregår er løsligheten av aluminiumfluorid ca. 10—15 gr. A1F3 pr. liter. Det har imidlertid vist seg i praksis at utfellingsreaksjonen stopper eller får meget lav hastighet når man kommer ned i en konsentrasjon på ca. 20—30 gr. AIF3 pr. liter. Dette vil si at når man anvender en utgangsoppløsning med ca. 200 gr. AIF3 pr. liter kan oppnå opp til 90 % utfellings-grad. Ved utgangsoppløsninger med lavere fluorinnhold vil utfellingsgraden synke. Ved anvendelse av 5 % HF som fluorholdig råstoff kan det eksempelvis fremstilles overmettede oppløsnin-ger som inneholder ca. 70 gr. A1F3 pr. liter. Ved felling av denne oppløsning ved 90° C under tilsats av kim av A1F3 • 3H20 ble det oppnådd en restkonsentrasjon på ca. 15 gr. A1F3 pr. liter. Dette tilsvarer en utfelling på knapt 80 % av utgangsoppløsningens fluorinnhold. In the temperature range (75-100° C) where precipitation usually takes place, the solubility of aluminum fluoride is approx. 10-15 gr. A1F3 per litres. However, it has been shown in practice that the precipitation reaction stops or becomes very slow when you get down to a concentration of approx. 20-30 gr. AIF3 per litres. This means that when using an output resolution of approx. 200 gr. AIF3 per liter can achieve up to 90% precipitation rate. In the case of starting solutions with a lower fluorine content, the degree of precipitation will decrease. By using 5% HF as a fluorine-containing raw material, supersaturated solutions containing approx. 70 gr. A1F3 per litres. When this solution was precipitated at 90° C while adding seeds of A1F3 • 3H20, a residual concentration of approx. 15 gr. A1F3 per litres. This corresponds to a precipitation of almost 80% of the initial solution's fluorine content.
Oppfinneren har nu funnet at man kan øke utfellingshastigheten og senke restkonsentrasjo-nen og dermed heve utbyttet ved å anvende kom-mersielt aluiminumoksyd A1203 som kim for utfellingen av aluminiumfluorid, istedenfor kim av A1F3 • 3H20. Når kim-tilsatsen er tilstrekkelig stor vil utfellingsreaksjonen forløpe med tilfreds-stillende hastighet ved konsentrasjoner på ned til ca. i gr. AIF3 pr. liter. Ved f. eks. å gå ut fra 5% HF, tilsvarende en overmettet oppløsning med ca. 70 gr. A1F3 pr. liter, kan man på denne måten utvinne 99 % av fluorinnholdet. Prosessen kan utføres i ett trinn ved at Al203-kim tilsettes ved såvel hovedfellingen som ved restfellingen. Prosessen kan imidlertid også utføres i to trinn, idet det i første trinn tilsettes kim av A1F3 • 3H20 på kjent vis, mens det i annet trinn anvendes kim av Al203. Bunnfallet fra første trinn kan filtre-res fra før fellingen i annet trinn, men man kan også sløyfe filtrering og la oppløsningen med bunnfallet gå direkte til felling i annet trinn. The inventor has now found that it is possible to increase the precipitation rate and lower the residual concentration and thus raise the yield by using commercial aluminum oxide A1203 as seed for the precipitation of aluminum fluoride, instead of seed of A1F3 • 3H20. When the seed addition is sufficiently large, the precipitation reaction will proceed with satisfactory speed at concentrations of down to approx. in Gr. AIF3 per litres. By e.g. starting from 5% HF, corresponding to a supersaturated solution with approx. 70 gr. A1F3 per litres, 99% of the fluorine content can be recovered in this way. The process can be carried out in one step by adding Al2O3 seeds during both the main precipitation and the residual precipitation. However, the process can also be carried out in two stages, in that in the first stage seeds of AlF3 • 3H2O are added in a known manner, while in the second stage seeds of Al2O3 are used. The sediment from the first stage can be filtered before precipitation in the second stage, but you can also skip the filtration and let the solution with the sediment go directly to precipitation in the second stage.
Metoden tillater anvendelse av råstoffer med lavt innhold av HF, og man kan således med fordel anvende den HF-oppløsning som frem-kommer ved at avgasser fra aluminiumelektrolyse-ovner vaskes med vann. Denne oppløsning som ofte kalles tårnsyre, inneholder ca. 3—5 % HF. Metoden gir dermed også mulighet for gjen-vinning av det fluor som finnes i avgassene fra aluminiumelektrolyse-ovner. The method allows the use of raw materials with a low content of HF, and one can thus advantageously use the HF solution that is produced by washing exhaust gases from aluminum electrolysis furnaces with water. This solution, which is often called tower acid, contains approx. 3-5% HF. The method thus also offers the possibility of recovering the fluorine found in the exhaust gases from aluminum electrolysis furnaces.
Man kan også anvende andre HF-holdige oppløsninger, f. eks. oppløsninger som stammer fra pyrohydrolytisk spaltning av kullstoffholdig avfallsmateriale fra aluminium-industrien. Metoden kan forøvrig anvendes i forbindelse med hvilkensomhelst lavkonsentrert oppløsning av HF for oppnåelse av bedre fellingsutbytte. You can also use other HF-containing solutions, e.g. solutions originating from the pyrohydrolytic decomposition of carbon-containing waste material from the aluminum industry. The method can also be used in connection with any low-concentration solution of HF to achieve a better precipitation yield.
Eksempel. Example.
1000 kg 5 % HF ble utreagért med Al(OH)3. 1000 kg of 5% HF was reacted with Al(OH)3.
Det ble herved dannet en oppløsning som inne-holdt 70 kg AIF3. Til denne oppløsning ble tilsatt 250 kg A12C>3. Reaksjonen gikk i fire timer under kraftig omrøring, og oppløsningens innhold av oppløst A1F3 sank herved til ca. 1 kg. Ef ter filtrering, tørking og kalsinering fikk man 319 kg produkt som besto av 69 kg A1F3 og 250 kg AI0O3. Produktet ble anvendte som råstoff for aluminiumelektrolyse-ovner. A solution containing 70 kg of AIF3 was thereby formed. 250 kg of A12C>3 was added to this solution. The reaction went on for four hours under vigorous stirring, and the solution's content of dissolved A1F3 thereby dropped to approx. 1 kg. After filtration, drying and calcination, 319 kg of product was obtained which consisted of 69 kg of A1F3 and 250 kg of AI0O3. The product was used as raw material for aluminum electrolysis furnaces.
Det utfelte aluminiumfluorid som altså inneholder en del aluminiumoksyd tørkes og kalsi-neres på kjent måte. Det kalsinerte produkt kan anvendes som råstoff for aluminiumelektrolyse-ovner. 1. Fremgangsmåte til fullstendig utfelling av aluminiumfluorid fra overmettede oppløsninger, karakterisert ved at der for utfelling tilsettes aluminiumoksyd i en mengde som er mi-nimum 3 ganger mengden av oppløst aluminiumfluorid. 2. Fremgangsmåte som i krav 1,karakterisert ved at utfellingen med aluminiumoksyd foretas etter en forutgående delvis utfelling ved hjelp av aluminiumfluorid-kim. The precipitated aluminum fluoride, which thus contains some aluminum oxide, is dried and calcined in a known manner. The calcined product can be used as raw material for aluminum electrolysis furnaces. 1. Process for the complete precipitation of aluminum fluoride from supersaturated solutions, characterized in that, for precipitation, aluminum oxide is added in an amount that is at least 3 times the amount of dissolved aluminum fluoride. 2. Method as in claim 1, characterized in that the precipitation with aluminum oxide is carried out after a previous partial precipitation using aluminum fluoride seeds.
Claims (9)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SE8400243A SE449632C (en) | 1984-01-19 | 1984-01-19 | CLEANING SEAL LIST OF TELESCOPIC STIGARROR, WHICH WAS ENTERED ON THE INSIDE OF AN ANCHORING AND STABILIZATION RING |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NO850215L NO850215L (en) | 1985-07-22 |
NO161336B true NO161336B (en) | 1989-04-24 |
NO161336C NO161336C (en) | 1989-08-02 |
Family
ID=20354354
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NO850215A NO161336C (en) | 1984-01-19 | 1985-01-18 | SEALING RING FOR FITTING IN A TELESCOPIC COUMPER. |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
DK (1) | DK162297C (en) |
FI (1) | FI83112C (en) |
NO (1) | NO161336C (en) |
SE (1) | SE449632C (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2562427A (en) * | 1948-04-16 | 1951-07-31 | Stadler Hurter & Company | Twin screw mechanical feeder |
-
1984
- 1984-01-19 SE SE8400243A patent/SE449632C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1985
- 1985-01-17 DK DK023285A patent/DK162297C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1985-01-18 NO NO850215A patent/NO161336C/en unknown
- 1985-01-18 FI FI850244A patent/FI83112C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DK23285D0 (en) | 1985-01-17 |
DK162297C (en) | 1992-03-02 |
FI850244A0 (en) | 1985-01-18 |
FI850244L (en) | 1985-07-20 |
FI83112C (en) | 1991-05-27 |
SE8400243L (en) | 1985-07-20 |
SE449632C (en) | 1992-03-23 |
NO161336C (en) | 1989-08-02 |
SE8400243D0 (en) | 1984-01-19 |
SE449632B (en) | 1987-05-11 |
FI83112B (en) | 1991-02-15 |
DK162297B (en) | 1991-10-07 |
DK23285A (en) | 1985-07-20 |
NO850215L (en) | 1985-07-22 |
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