NO159417B - WIDE-RADIATELY, ROTATING SYMMETRIC VEHICLE. - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A broad-beam axially symmetrical street lamp having three reflectors (1, 2, 3) in the form of surfaces of rotation, which are arranged above one another around the axis of symmetry (A) of the street lamp, which respectively have a lamp opening in the centre and which reflect the light of the lamp (L) away from the axis of symmetry at a high angle, for a lamp which has a translucent bulb and which is so assigned that its longitudinal axis coincides with the axis of symmetry, characterised in that the generatrix for the surfaces of rotation of the three reflectors are sections consisting of confocal parabolas, whose respective focal points (F) lie on the axis of symmetry (A) at the level of the centre point (M) of the heated discharge tube (B) of the lamp (L) and which are determined by the following values (in each case with a tolerance of + or - 10 %) : see diagramm : EP0085145,P4,F1 where f is the focal length, D is the outer diameter of the larger reflector, alpha is the angle of the main axis - measured clock-wise from the axis of symmetry (A) below the focal point (F) - and d is the diameter of the lamp opening, that the outer diameter (a1) of the lowermost reflector (1) ids represented by a1/D = 0,82 + or - 10 %, and that the second reflector (2) has the largest outer diameter (D), whose value is below 300 mm and preferably amounts to 220 mm + or - 10 %.

Description

Cleaning agent mixture.

This invention relates to an improved cleaning agent composition suitable for use in hydrocarbon fuels such as petrol. More particularly, the invention relates to an improved product comprising an aikenyl-imidazoline, a minor amount of an amide of a fatty acid, alkanol and an aromatic hydrocarbon.

Alkenyl imidazolines and alphenyl amides

have been used as cleaning agents in fuels for fluorine combustion engines. Such materials are suitable additives to petrol for various purposes. They clean dirty carburetors and keep them clean, redu-

sers engine stoppage due to carburettor-

sing and protect fuel tanks and lines against corrosion. A special come-

said product contains 52 percent of 1 essentially 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-heptadecenyl-imidazoline; 26 percent anhydrous isopropanol and 22 percent xylene. This material is a liquid with a stable pour point (minimum storage temperature without solidification) of -23°C, which allows it to be easily handled and mixed at very low temperatures. However, its flame pumkt (Tag Open

Cup) 13°C. While the material is thus light

to handle at lower temperatures, its use at normal refining temperatures, usually above 13°C, will require careful handling and shipping

there. There is therefore a need for a product which has the cleaning properties of the above-mentioned imidazoline and amides, and which can be easily handled at lower temperatures.

rer, but which will not flare up at nor-

grind refining temperatures.

It is thus a purpose of invention

to provide a cleaning agent of an alkenyl imidazoline which is a liquid at very low temperatures and -which will not flash at normal refining temperatures. A further object is to provide such a mixture which in combination comprises a 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-heptade-kenyl-imidazoline, an alkanol with from 2-5 carbon atoms and an aromatic hydrocarbon

voucher. Another object is to provide such mixtures which also contain a li-

ten amount of an amide of a fatty acid.

The above and other purposes up-

is achieved by providing a cleaning agent mixture comprising (A) an alkenylimidazoline of the formula:

where R is one or more olefinic hydrocarbon radicals containing 11-19 carbon atoms; (B) from 5 to 15 percent by weight of an alcohol having 2 to 5 carbon atoms; (C)

from 2-8 percent by weight of an aromatic hydrocarbon, and (D) a small amount of an N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-aminoethyl-amide of a fatty acid, the carbon chain in said acid corresponding to R in (A), so that the weight ratio of

said alkenylimidazoline to said amide is from 8:1 to 11:1, and the sum of (A) and

(B) constitutes from 80 to 90 percent by weight of

■the mixture.

Representative imidazolines are 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-undekenyl-imidazoline, 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2 Htrldekenyl-imidazoline, 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-penitadecenyl-imidazoline, 1-(2-hydroxyethyl ) -2-heptadecenyl-imidazoline and 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-mono-dekenyl-imidazoline.

Representative alkanols include ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, isobutanol, sec-butanol, tert-butanol, n-pentanol, isopentanol, sec-pentanol and tert-pentanol. Representative aromatic hydrocarbons include benzene, toluene, and xylene.

Representative amides include the N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-aminoethyl amide of undecanoic acid, of dodecanoic acid, of tetradecanoic acid, of hexadecanoic acid, of heptadecanoic acid, of oleic acid and of eicosanoic acid.

It is preferred that the imidazoline is 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-heptadecenyl-imidazoline, and that the amide is N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-aminoethyl-iamide of octadeiconic acid or a corresponding derivative of a refined ball oleic acid containing mainly linoleic acid and oleic acid and a small amount of stearic acid. Typical compositions of tall oil comprise from 44-47 weight percent linoleic acid, from 50-52 weight percent oleic acid and from 2-4 weight percent stearic acid. With such a tall oil acid, the amide will be a mixture of mainly octadecenoic, octade-cadienic and a small amount of octadecanoic acid.

A preferred alcohol is anhydrous isopropanol, and a preferred aromatic hydrocarbon is xylene.

In the most preferred embodiment of the invention, a cleaning agent mixture consisting essentially of (A) approx. 85 percent by weight of a mixture consisting essentially of 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-'heptadecenyl-imidazoline and the N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-aminoethyl amide of refined tallalic acid, where the ratio of said imidazoline to said amide is approx. . 9.5; 1, (B) approx. 10% by weight anhydrous isopropanol and (C) approx. 5% by weight xylene.

The cleaning agent mixture according to the invention offers several advantages compared to the previous mixtures. Its handling properties are greatly improved in that it remains liquid at very low temperatures and yet has a flash point significantly above normal refining temperatures. Furthermore, it is significantly more effective in all conditions than the previous mixtures. At a concentration of 29 parts

in

per million is thus the (preferred mixture according to the invention substantially equivalent to 50 parts/million of

the previous mixtures when it comes to protecting a carburettor against icing.

In the following examples, mixture A is the particularly preferred mixture described above, and mixture B is a commercial, different mixture of the same materials. The following table gives the compositions of these mixtures.

Example I

The flash point of mixtures A and B was determined by the "Tag Open Cup" method (A.S.T.M. D 1310-56T). With this method, the sample is placed in the cup in a "Tag Open! Tester", as described in the A.S.T.M. reference, and is heated slowly but at a constant rate. A small test flame is passed at a constant speed over the cup at specified intervals. The flash point is taken as the lowest temperature at which application of the test flame causes the vapor on the surface of the liquid to flare up, i.e. it ignites but does not continue to burn. The following results were obtained.

Example II

The stable pour points for the mixtures A and! B was determined by storing samples in a constant cold temperature bdks at a specified temperature for five days, after which the samples were examined to determine whether solid material had precipitated. A sample passed if no solid material was precipitated. The results are shown in the following table.

Examples I and II show the unusual and favorable handling characteristics of the compositions according to the invention compared to previous compositions. Thus, mixture A has retained, at least, the cold weather handling characteristics of mixture B, and has improved the hot weather handling characteristics of mixture B, i.e. its flash point is sufficiently high to be completely safe at normal refining temperatures. Furthermore, the mixtures according to the invention can be safely shipped as a non-flammable liquid, whereas previous mixtures had to be shipped as flammable liquids.

As indicated, the composition according to the invention is useful in preventing gassing. Engine stalling due to carburettor seizing takes place because the evaporating petrol in the carburettor has a cooling effect on the incoming air. Over a range of temperature (-1 to 10°C) and humidity conditions (above 65 percent relative humidity), the moisture in the air freezes and ice forms on the carburetor damper, plugging the damper opening and stopping air-fuel flow. When the mixture according to the invention is added to petrol, it coats the damper and prevents ice from sticking to the damper and carburettor walls. Most of the formed ice passes through the carburettor without causing damage. The following example illustrates the advantages of the mixtures 1 according to the invention compared to other mixtures.

Example III

Mixtures A and B above were compared with respect to their ability to reduce carburisation in a carburisation test. This process consists of operating an automobile engine at no load between medium and low speeds using cold, moist carburetor intake air supplied by means of an ice tower. When ice forms on the carburettor damper and in the idle passages, the engine stalls at the lowest speeds in the test range. After stopping, the engine is started

immediately again at medium speed in the test area. Heating was simulated by applying external heat to a heat-puncture effect under the carburettor. The engine used was a 1953 L-head Plymouth 6, model P-24, 3520 cm<3>, compression ratio 7.1:1. The carburetor was a Carter model 2-2248S. The ice tower supplied the air supply with 3.9 g of water per kg of dry air, the air being heated so that it was 4°C at the carburettor intake. A CFM blower forced the air through the air supply system, and a wide plastic film skirt was suspended from the air line outlet over the entire carburettor so that excess air from the ice tower covered the carburettor. The engine was run for 30 seconds at 1450-1500 rpm, and then for 15 seconds at low speed (450 rpm using room air for carburettor intake), and testing was continued until the ice on the damper melted and the idle speed reached 350 rpm. The number of engine stops that occurred was recorded. The characteristic of a fuel's tendency to ice is the number of engine stops you get before the engine is warmed up. The results are shown in the following table.

As will be seen, liquid hydrocarbon fuels used in the operation of internal combustion engines are greatly improved with regard to the above-described properties by means of the present invention. Another feature of the invention is thus a ^gasoline mixture containing a major amount of a hydrocarbon base fuel which boils within the gasoline boiling range, and which contains a small amount of from 0.0003 to 0.1 percent by weight, of a mixture consisting of substantially all of an alkenyl-imidazoline of the above-mentioned formula I, from 5-15 percent by weight of an alkanol with 2-5 carbon atoms, from 2-8 percent of an aromatic hydrocarbon, and an amide of a fatty acid as described above, so that - the ratio of imidazoline to amide is 8:1 to 11:1, and the sum of imidazoline and amide makes up from 80 to 90 percent by weight of the mixture. A preferred concentration in the petrol is approx.

29 parts/million.

The following table V indicates together

the sentences for several typical commercial gasolines which are improved by their being added to a mixture according to the invention.

Example IV

To 1000 parts of gasoline A, as described in Table V, is added 0.003 parts by weight of a mixture consisting of 80 percent by weight 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-undekenyl-2-imidazoline, 15.0 percent by weight anhydrous ethanol and 5.0 percent by weight benzene.

Example V

To 10,000 parts of hensin B is added 10 parts by weight of a mixture consisting of 90.0% by weight of a mixture of an 8.0:1 mixture of 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-monode-kenyl-2-imidazoline and N- The (2-hydroxy-ethyl)-aminoethyl amide of eicosanoic acid, 8.0% by weight of anhydrous tert-pentanol and 2.0% by weight of toluene.

Example VI.

To 500 parts of gasoline C, as described in Table V, is added 0.025 parts by weight of a mixture consisting of 85 percent by weight 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-heptadecenyl-2-imidazoline,

10.0% by weight anhydrous isopropanol and 5.0% by weight xylene.

Example VII.

To 2000 parts of gasoline D is added 0.06 part by weight of a mixture consisting of 85 percent by weight of an 11:1 mixture of 1-i(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-pentadecenyl-2-imidazoline and N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-aminoethyl -amide of hexadeconic acid, 9% by weight of anhydrous rc-butanol and 6% by weight of xylene.

Example VIII.

A reactor equipped with heating device, cooling device, temperature measuring device, device for achieving vacuum, reflux cooling device and sample supply device is flushed with nitrogen, and 500 parts by weight of refined tallow oleic acid are added and heated to 90° C. 203 parts by weight a -hydroxyethyl-ethylenediamine is added, followed by 72 parts by weight of xylene. The mixture is refluxed at atmospheric pressure, and reflux treatment is continued until an acid number of 1.8 or less has been achieved, after which the reactor is allowed to cool. During the cooling, the system is slowly (within 1 hour) placed under vacuum, and the xylene is removed until the pressure reaches 50 anm Hg. The mixture is reheated to 170° C. under 50 mm Hg. and is maintained at that temperature by the addition of xylene. The mixture is refluxed at this temperature until the ratio pst. imidazoline to pst. amide is 9.5:1. The vacuum is then filled with nitrogen, and the reaction mixture is cooled under a blanket of nitrogen to 70° C. Using the percentage amounts of imidazoline and amide present, sufficient isopropanol and xylene are added to give a final mixture containing 85 weight percent of the imidazoline-amide mixture, 10 weight percent isopropanol and 5 weight percent xylene. 0.5 part "Hyflo" and 0.05 part asbestos are added, and the reaction mixture is circulated through a filter press until it is clear. The resulting material contains 85% by weight of a 9:1 mixture of 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-heptadecenyl-2-imidazoline and the N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-aminoethyl amide of refined talloleic acid (approximately .amounts of oleic acid and linoleic acid), 10% by weight anhydrous

isopropanal and 5% xylene by weight.

Claims (4)

1. Comprehensive cleaning agent mixture imidazoline, alkanol and an aromatic hydrocarbon, characterized in that it comprises (A) an alikenyl-imidazoline of the formula: where R is one or more olefinic hydrocarbon radicals containing 11-19 carbon atoms; (B) from 5 to 15 percent by weight of an alcohol having 2 to 5 carbon atoms; (C) from 2-8 percent by weight of an aromatic hydrocarbon, and (D) a small amount of an N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-aminoethyl amide of a fatty acid, the carbon chain in said acid corresponding to Ri (A), as that the weak ratio of said alkenylimidazoline to said amide is from 8:1 to 11:1, and the sum of (A) and (B) constitutes from 80 to 90 percent by weight of the mixture. 2. Cleaning agent mixture as stated in claim 1, characterized in that it essentially consists of (A) approx. 85% by weight of a 9.5:1 mixture of 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-heptadecenyl-2-imidazoline and the N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-aminoethyl amide of a refined talloleic acid; (B) approx. 10% by weight anhydrous isopropanol, and (C) approx. 5% by weight xylene. 3. Gasoline mixture comprising a major amount of a hydrocarbon green fuel with an i-boiling point within the taensine boiling range, in which is incorporated from 0.0003 to 0.1 weight percent of the cleaning agent mixture According to claim 1. 4. Gasoline mixture comprising a main amount of a hydrocarbon base fuel with a boiling point within the gasoline boiling range, in which is incorporated from 0.0003 to 0.1 weight percent of the cleaning agent mixture according to claim 2.