NO153603B - HIGH-TEMPERATURE AND HIGH-PRESSURE PROCESS FOR PREPARING A SINTERED, PRESSED REMOVAL OF POLYCRYSTALLINE CUBIC BORNITRID. - Google Patents

HIGH-TEMPERATURE AND HIGH-PRESSURE PROCESS FOR PREPARING A SINTERED, PRESSED REMOVAL OF POLYCRYSTALLINE CUBIC BORNITRID. Download PDF

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NO153603B
NO153603B NO782272A NO782272A NO153603B NO 153603 B NO153603 B NO 153603B NO 782272 A NO782272 A NO 782272A NO 782272 A NO782272 A NO 782272A NO 153603 B NO153603 B NO 153603B
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hydrogen
temperature
halogen
bornitrid
sintered
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NO153603C (en
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Francis Raymond Corrigan
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Gen Electric
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Publication of NO153603C publication Critical patent/NO153603C/en

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    • H01L23/00—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
    • H01L23/12—Mountings, e.g. non-detachable insulating substrates
    • H01L23/14—Mountings, e.g. non-detachable insulating substrates characterised by the material or its electrical properties
    • H01L23/15—Ceramic or glass substrates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J3/00—Processes of utilising sub-atmospheric or super-atmospheric pressure to effect chemical or physical change of matter; Apparatus therefor
    • B01J3/06—Processes using ultra-high pressure, e.g. for the formation of diamonds; Apparatus therefor, e.g. moulds or dies
    • B01J3/062—Processes using ultra-high pressure, e.g. for the formation of diamonds; Apparatus therefor, e.g. moulds or dies characterised by the composition of the materials to be processed
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
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    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/58—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on borides, nitrides, i.e. nitrides, oxynitrides, carbonitrides or oxycarbonitrides or silicides
    • C04B35/583—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on borides, nitrides, i.e. nitrides, oxynitrides, carbonitrides or oxycarbonitrides or silicides based on boron nitride
    • C04B35/5831—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on borides, nitrides, i.e. nitrides, oxynitrides, carbonitrides or oxycarbonitrides or silicides based on boron nitride based on cubic boron nitrides or Wurtzitic boron nitrides, including crystal structure transformation of powder
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    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
    • C09K3/14—Anti-slip materials; Abrasives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2203/00—Processes utilising sub- or super atmospheric pressure
    • B01J2203/06—High pressure synthesis
    • B01J2203/0605—Composition of the material to be processed
    • B01J2203/0645—Boronitrides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2203/00—Processes utilising sub- or super atmospheric pressure
    • B01J2203/06—High pressure synthesis
    • B01J2203/065—Composition of the material produced
    • B01J2203/066—Boronitrides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2203/00—Processes utilising sub- or super atmospheric pressure
    • B01J2203/06—High pressure synthesis
    • B01J2203/0675—Structural or physico-chemical features of the materials processed
    • B01J2203/068—Crystal growth
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
    • H01L2924/0001—Technical content checked by a classifier
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
    • H01L2924/095—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00 with a principal constituent of the material being a combination of two or more materials provided in the groups H01L2924/013 - H01L2924/0715
    • H01L2924/097—Glass-ceramics, e.g. devitrified glass
    • H01L2924/09701—Low temperature co-fired ceramic [LTCC]

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Description

Fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av 2-monohalogenerte aldehyder. Process for the production of 2-monohalogenated aldehydes.

Denne oppfinnelse angår en fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av 2-monohalogenerte aldehyder. This invention relates to a method for the production of 2-monohalogenated aldehydes.

Fra norsk patent nr. 64 344 er det kjent It is known from Norwegian patent no. 64 344

en fremgangsmåte ved hvilken vanngass a method by which water gas

eller andre karbonmonoksyd- og hydrogen-holdige gassblandinger kan adderes til or other carbon monoxide and hydrogen-containing gas mixtures can be added to

umettede hydrocarboner i nærvær av me-taller i det periodiske systems 8. gruppe og unsaturated hydrocarbons in the presence of metals in the 8th group of the periodic system and

deres forbindelser og blandinger av disse. their compounds and mixtures thereof.

For fremstilling av halogenerte aldehyder har man hittil bare anvendt meget For the production of halogenated aldehydes, only a lot has been used so far

omstendelige, lite selektive metoder, som laborious, unselective methods, such as

stort sett har gått ut fra den tilsvarende have largely proceeded from the corresponding

alkohol. Det er således kjent å overføre alcohol. It is thus known to transfer

propanol til a-klorpropionaldehyd ved propanol to a-chloropropionaldehyde by

hjelp av klor i sollys, hvorved imidlertid help of chlorine in sunlight, whereby however

utbyttene er meget dårlige. the yields are very poor.

Videre var fagfolk av den mening at Furthermore, professionals were of the opinion that

fremstillingen av halogenerte aldehyder the production of halogenated aldehydes

ved addisjon av karbonoksyd og hydrogen til halogenolefiner ikke var mulig. by addition of carbon monoxide and hydrogen to haloolefins was not possible.

Det er nu overraskende funnet at karbonmonoksyd og hydrogen ved passende It has now surprisingly been found that carbon monoxide and hydrogen at appropriate

reaksjonsbetingelser kan adderes til halogenolefiner med godt utbytte under over-veiende dannelse av a-halogenerte aldehyder. reaction conditions can be added to haloolefins in good yield with predominantly formation of α-halogenated aldehydes.

Foreliggende oppfinnelse går ut på en The present invention is based on a

fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av 2-halogenaldehyder av typen process for the production of 2-haloaldehydes of the type

R'R"CH - CHX - CHO R'R'CH - CHX - CHO

av halogensubstituerte olefiner med for-melen: of halogen-substituted olefins with the formula:

i hvilken R' og R" betyr et hydrogenatom, en arylrest eller en alkylrest med fortrinnsvis 1—6 C-atomer, og X betyr et halogen-atom, f. eks. klor, fluor eller brom, i nærvær av en katalysator. Fremgangsmåten er i det vesentligste karakterisert ved at det halogensubstituerte olefin under forhøyet trykk og forhøyet temperatur omsettes med hydrogen og karbonmonoksyd i nærvær av koboltkarbonyl-katalysatorer, som f. eks. dikoboltoktakarbonyl eller kobolthydrogen-karbonyl, og i mengder på minst 1 molprosent, fortrinnsvis 5—10 molprosent, basert på det halogenerte olefin. in which R' and R" mean a hydrogen atom, an aryl radical or an alkyl radical with preferably 1-6 C atoms, and X means a halogen atom, e.g. chlorine, fluorine or bromine, in the presence of a catalyst. The method is essentially characterized in that the halogen-substituted olefin is reacted under elevated pressure and elevated temperature with hydrogen and carbon monoxide in the presence of cobalt carbonyl catalysts, such as dicobalt octacarbonyl or cobalt hydrogen carbonyl, and in amounts of at least 1 mole percent, preferably 5— 10 mole percent, based on the halogenated olefin.

Ved hjelp av fremgangsmåten ifølge oppfinnelsen kan særlig 2-klorpropionaldehyd fremstilles av vinylklorid. Videre kan f. eks. dannes 2-klorbutyraldehyd av 1-klorpropylen-1,2, 2-brombutyraldehyd av 1-br ompropy len-1,2, 2 - klor- 3 - f enylpropional-dehyd (2-klor-3-hydrokanelaldehyd) av 1-klorstyren, 2-klor-3-metyl-butyraldehyd av l-klor-2-metylpropylen-l,2. Using the method according to the invention, 2-chloropropionaldehyde in particular can be produced from vinyl chloride. Furthermore, e.g. 2-chlorobutyraldehyde is formed from 1-chloropropylene-1,2, 2-bromobutyraldehyde from 1-bromopropylene-1,2, 2-chloro-3-phenylpropionaldehyde (2-chloro-3-hydrocinnamaldehyde) from 1-chlorostyrene , 2-chloro-3-methyl-butyraldehyde of 1-chloro-2-methylpropylene-1,2.

Da koboltkarbonyl er oppløselig så vel i utgangsstoffet som i sluttproduktet, er til-stedeværelsen av et oppløsningsmiddel ikke absolutt nødvendig, men det er imidlertid fordelaktig å gjennomføre omsetningen i 10—20 pst. oppløsning for å oppnå et re-aksjonsprodukt som begunstiger a-halogen-aldehyd-dannelsen. Egnede oppløsnings-midler er f. eks. mettede hydrokarboner, og med fordel slike som har et høyere kokepunkt enn det dannede a-kloraldehyd, slik at det sistnevnte ved destillasjon i for-løp kan adskilles fra oppløsningsmidlet. For fremstillingen av 2-klorpropionaldehyd er i denne forbindelse n-heptan og isooktan særlig egnet. Man kan imidlertid også anvende andre hydrokarboner, som me-thylcykloheksan, dekan osv. As cobalt carbonyl is soluble both in the starting material and in the final product, the presence of a solvent is not absolutely necessary, but it is however advantageous to carry out the reaction in a 10-20% solution in order to obtain a reaction product that favors the α-halogen -aldehyde formation. Suitable solvents are e.g. saturated hydrocarbons, and advantageously those which have a higher boiling point than the α-chloroaldehyde formed, so that the latter can be separated from the solvent by distillation in advance. In this connection, n-heptane and isooctane are particularly suitable for the production of 2-chloropropionaldehyde. However, you can also use other hydrocarbons, such as methylcyclohexane, decane, etc.

Hydrogenet og karbonmonoksydet kan tilføres til reaksjonen enkeltvis eller blan-det. Hensiktsmessig velges volumforholdet mellom hydrogen og karbonmonoksydet over 0,4, fortrinnsvis mellom 1 og 4 og hensiktsmessig ikke over 7, hvorved det min-ste partialtrykk av hydrogen og karbonmonoksyd blir henholdsvis 25 og 40 atmosfærer. Fortrinnsvis arbeides ved et total-trykk på 150 til 400 atmosfærer. Trykk over 500 atmosfærer behøver ikke gi noen merk-bar fordel. The hydrogen and carbon monoxide can be added to the reaction individually or mixed. The volume ratio between hydrogen and carbon monoxide is preferably chosen above 0.4, preferably between 1 and 4 and suitably not above 7, whereby the minimum partial pressure of hydrogen and carbon monoxide is 25 and 40 atmospheres respectively. Preferably, work is carried out at a total pressure of 150 to 400 atmospheres. Pressures above 500 atmospheres may not provide any noticeable benefit.

Reaksjonstemperaturen holdes hensiktsmessig mellom 75 og 140°C, fortrinnsvis mellom 95 og 115°C. Ved høyere tempe-raturer oppstår høy-molekylære, harpiks-aktige reaksjonsprodukter. The reaction temperature is conveniently kept between 75 and 140°C, preferably between 95 and 115°C. At higher temperatures, high-molecular, resin-like reaction products occur.

Som reaksjonskar tjener hensiktsmessig en røre- eller rysteautoklav. Ved over-holdelse av de forholdsvis lange reaksjons-tider er det selvsagt også mulig å anvende en kontinuerlig gjennomføring av frem-gangmsåten, f. eks. i et rør eller særlig i en rørekarkaskade. A stirring or shaking autoclave is suitable as a reaction vessel. By observing the relatively long reaction times, it is of course also possible to use a continuous execution of the process, e.g. in a pipe or especially in a mixer cascade.

I det følgende skal den foreliggende oppfinnelse illustreres kort ved hjelp av eksempler. In the following, the present invention will be briefly illustrated by means of examples.

Eksempel 1. Example 1.

Reaksjonsapparaturen (en rysteautoklav) ble tilsatt n-heptan som inneholdt 80 mmol vinylklorid og 4,4 mmol dikoboltoktakarbonyl. Det ble nå innført syntese-gass som pr. 1 volumdel karbonmonoksyd inneholdt 2,33 volumdeler hydrogen, inntil trykket var 200 atmosfærer. Etter opp-varmning til 110°C ble denne temperatur holdt konstant i 90 minutter. Produktet som ble tatt ut av reaktoren etter avkjøling, viste at av de 57,4 pst. vinylklorid som var omsatt under disse betingelser, var 86,2 pst. overført til 2-klorpropionaldehyd. The reaction apparatus (a shaking autoclave) was charged with n-heptane containing 80 mmol of vinyl chloride and 4.4 mmol of dicobolt octacarbonyl. Synthesis gas was now introduced, which per 1 part by volume of carbon monoxide contained 2.33 parts by volume of hydrogen, until the pressure was 200 atmospheres. After heating to 110°C, this temperature was kept constant for 90 minutes. The product which was taken out of the reactor after cooling showed that of the 57.4 per cent vinyl chloride which had reacted under these conditions, 86.2 per cent had been converted to 2-chloropropionaldehyde.

Eksempel 2. Example 2.

Reaksjonstemperaturen ble fylt som i eksempel 1. Forholdet hydrogen til karbonmonoksyd var 1,35:1. Reaksjonstemperaturen ble holdt på 95°C i 120 minutter. 2-klorpropionaldehyd med 83,6 pst. utbytte, basert på 44,3 pst. omsetning av vinylkloridet, ble utvunnet. The reaction temperature was filled as in example 1. The ratio of hydrogen to carbon monoxide was 1.35:1. The reaction temperature was maintained at 95°C for 120 minutes. 2-Chloropropionaldehyde with 83.6 percent yield, based on 44.3 percent conversion of the vinyl chloride, was recovered.

Eksempel 3. Example 3.

I en 2-liters autoklav ble under ute-lukkelse av luft og fuktighet innført 100 g vinylklorid og 500 ml isooktan som inneholdt 25 g dikoboltoktakarbonyl. Deretter ble 80 atmosfærer karbonmonoksyd og 160 atmosfærer hydrogen presset inn, og inn-holdet ble oppvarmet til 115°C. Over 75°C startet reaksjonen. 90 minutter etter at den ønskede temperatur var nådd, var 52 pst. av vinylkloridet omsatt med 83 pst. utbytte til 2-klorpropionaldehyd. 100 g of vinyl chloride and 500 ml of isooctane containing 25 g of dicobolt octacarbonyl were introduced into a 2-liter autoclave while excluding air and moisture. Then 80 atmospheres of carbon monoxide and 160 atmospheres of hydrogen were forced in, and the contents were heated to 115°C. Above 75°C the reaction started. 90 minutes after the desired temperature had been reached, 52 per cent of the vinyl chloride had been converted with a yield of 83 per cent to 2-chloropropionaldehyde.

Eksempel 4. Example 4.

I en 100 cm3 autoklav ble 12,1 g 1-brompropylen-1,2, oppløst i 60 ml isooktan, i nærvær av 3 g dikoboltoktakarbonyl omsatt med en blanding av hydrogen/karbonmonoksyd i forhold på ca. 3:1 ved et to-taltrykk på 300 atmosfærer. Etter to timer kunne 2-brombutyraldehyd isoleres med godt utbytte. In a 100 cm3 autoclave, 12.1 g of 1-bromopropylene-1,2, dissolved in 60 ml of isooctane, in the presence of 3 g of dicobolt octacarbonyl was reacted with a mixture of hydrogen/carbon monoxide in a ratio of approx. 3:1 at a two-digit pressure of 300 atmospheres. After two hours, 2-bromobutyraldehyde could be isolated in good yield.

Eksempel 5. Example 5.

På samme måte fikk man av 0,2 mol M-klorstyren og n-heptan som oppløsnings-middel 0,06 mol-a-klorhydrokanelaldehyd. In the same way, 0.06 mol of α-chlorohydrocinnamaldehyde was obtained from 0.2 mol of M-chlorostyrene and n-heptane as solvent.

Claims (2)

1. Fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av 2:-halogenaldehyder av typen R'R"CH - CHX - CHO fra halogensubstituerte olefiner med den generelle formel R'R"C = CHX, i hvilken R' og R" betyr et hydrogenatom, en alkylrest eller en arylrest, og X betyr et halo-genatom, i nærvær av en katalysator, karakterisert ved at det halogensubstituerte olefin under forhøyet trykk og temperatur omsettes med en blanding av hydrogen og karbonmonoksyd i nærvær av en koboltkarbonyl-katalysator som f. eks. dikoboltoktakarbonyl eller kobolthydrogen-karbonyl i mengder på minst 1 molprosent, fortrinnsvis 5—10 molprosent, basert på det halogenerte olefin.1. Process for the production of 2:-haloaldehydes of the type R'R"CH - CHX - CHO from halogen-substituted olefins with the general formula R'R"C = CHX, in which R' and R" mean a hydrogen atom, an alkyl residue or an aryl residue, and X means a halogen atom, in the presence of a catalyst, characterized in that the halogen-substituted olefin is reacted under elevated pressure and temperature with a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide in the presence of a cobalt carbonyl catalyst such as, for example, dicobalt octacarbonyl or cobalt hydrogen carbonyl in amounts of at least 1 mole percent, preferably 5-10 mole percent, based on the halogenated olefin. 2. Fremgangsmåte ifølge påstand 1, karakterisert ved at reaksjonen ut-føres i nærvær av et mettet hydrokarbon som oppløsningsmiddel.2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the reaction is carried out in the presence of a saturated hydrocarbon as solvent.
NO782272A 1977-07-01 1978-06-30 HIGH-TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF A SINTERED, PRESSED REMOVAL OF POLYCRYSTALLIN CUBIC BORN ITRID. NO153603C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US05/812,283 US4188194A (en) 1976-10-29 1977-07-01 Direct conversion process for making cubic boron nitride from pyrolytic boron nitride

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NO782272L NO782272L (en) 1979-01-03
NO153603B true NO153603B (en) 1986-01-13
NO153603C NO153603C (en) 1986-04-23

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AT (1) AT395144B (en)
AU (1) AU524584B2 (en)
BE (1) BE868653A (en)
BR (1) BR7804310A (en)
CH (1) CH644091A5 (en)
DE (1) DE2828742A1 (en)
DK (1) DK298578A (en)
ES (1) ES471333A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2395948A1 (en)
GB (1) GB2002333B (en)
IE (1) IE47548B1 (en)
IL (1) IL54939A0 (en)
IN (1) IN150013B (en)
IT (1) IT1096850B (en)
MX (1) MX149093A (en)
NL (1) NL186506C (en)
NO (1) NO153603C (en)
SE (1) SE447241B (en)
ZA (1) ZA783449B (en)

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AU3761978A (en) 1980-01-03
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GB2002333B (en) 1982-05-26
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BE868653A (en) 1978-10-16
NO153603C (en) 1986-04-23
MX149093A (en) 1983-08-24
DE2828742A1 (en) 1979-03-01
SE447241B (en) 1986-11-03
CH644091A5 (en) 1984-07-13
NL186506C (en) 1990-12-17
FR2395948B1 (en) 1984-03-23
DE2828742C2 (en) 1989-02-02
NO782272L (en) 1979-01-03
ZA783449B (en) 1980-04-30
AU524584B2 (en) 1982-09-23
ATA477478A (en) 1992-02-15
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FR2395948A1 (en) 1979-01-26
DK298578A (en) 1979-01-02
IN150013B (en) 1982-06-26
NL7807196A (en) 1979-01-03
IT1096850B (en) 1985-08-26
AT395144B (en) 1992-09-25
GB2002333A (en) 1979-02-21
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BR7804310A (en) 1979-04-17
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