NO146979B - DEVICE FOR HARDING OF EXTRADED BODIES. - Google Patents
DEVICE FOR HARDING OF EXTRADED BODIES. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NO146979B NO146979B NO762720A NO762720A NO146979B NO 146979 B NO146979 B NO 146979B NO 762720 A NO762720 A NO 762720A NO 762720 A NO762720 A NO 762720A NO 146979 B NO146979 B NO 146979B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- sennoside
- water
- insoluble
- soluble
- acetone
- Prior art date
Links
- IPQVTOJGNYVQEO-KGFNBKMBSA-N sennoside A Chemical class O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1OC1=CC=CC2=C1C(=O)C1=C(O)C=C(C(O)=O)C=C1[C@@H]2[C@H]1C2=CC(C(O)=O)=CC(O)=C2C(=O)C2=C(O[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O3)O)C=CC=C21 IPQVTOJGNYVQEO-KGFNBKMBSA-N 0.000 claims description 54
- IPQVTOJGNYVQEO-CXZNLNCXSA-N sennoside A Natural products O=C(O)c1cc(O)c2C(=O)c3c(O[C@H]4[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O4)cccc3[C@@H]([C@H]3c4c(c(O)cc(C(=O)O)c4)C(=O)c4c(O[C@H]5[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O5)cccc34)c2c1 IPQVTOJGNYVQEO-CXZNLNCXSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- IPQVTOJGNYVQEO-AIFLABODSA-N sennoside B Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1OC1=CC=CC2=C1C(=O)C1=C(O)C=C(C(O)=O)C=C1[C@H]2[C@H]1C2=CC(C(O)=O)=CC(O)=C2C(=O)C2=C(O[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O3)O)C=CC=C21 IPQVTOJGNYVQEO-AIFLABODSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 229940004991 sennoside b Drugs 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- -1 heterocyclic amine Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000005270 trialkylamine group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 51
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 46
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 44
- 229930186851 sennoside Natural products 0.000 description 43
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 42
- 229940124513 senna glycoside Drugs 0.000 description 34
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 17
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 15
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 12
- IPQVTOJGNYVQEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-[2-carboxy-4-hydroxy-10-oxo-5-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-9h-anthracen-9-yl]-4-hydroxy-10-oxo-5-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-9h-anthracene-2-carboxylic acid Chemical class OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OC1=CC=CC2=C1C(=O)C1=C(O)C=C(C(O)=O)C=C1C2C1C2=CC(C(O)=O)=CC(O)=C2C(=O)C2=C(OC3C(C(O)C(O)C(CO)O3)O)C=CC=C21 IPQVTOJGNYVQEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229960001231 choline Drugs 0.000 description 9
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 9
- KWGRBVOPPLSCSI-WPRPVWTQSA-N (-)-ephedrine Chemical compound CN[C@@H](C)[C@H](O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KWGRBVOPPLSCSI-WPRPVWTQSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 241000522641 Senna Species 0.000 description 8
- OEYIOHPDSNJKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N choline Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)CCO OEYIOHPDSNJKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000002475 laxative effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 8
- RKUNBYITZUJHSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hyosciamin-hydrochlorid Natural products CN1C(C2)CCC1CC2OC(=O)C(CO)C1=CC=CC=C1 RKUNBYITZUJHSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229930182478 glucoside Natural products 0.000 description 6
- 150000008131 glucosides Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- BQJCRHHNABKAKU-KBQPJGBKSA-N morphine Chemical compound O([C@H]1[C@H](C=C[C@H]23)O)C4=C5[C@@]12CCN(C)[C@@H]3CC5=CC=C4O BQJCRHHNABKAKU-KBQPJGBKSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 206010010774 Constipation Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000419 plant extract Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229930003347 Atropine Natural products 0.000 description 4
- YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Morpholine Chemical compound C1COCCN1 YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 241001249696 Senna alexandrina Species 0.000 description 4
- RKUNBYITZUJHSG-SPUOUPEWSA-N atropine Chemical compound O([C@H]1C[C@H]2CC[C@@H](C1)N2C)C(=O)C(CO)C1=CC=CC=C1 RKUNBYITZUJHSG-SPUOUPEWSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229960000396 atropine Drugs 0.000 description 4
- JQVYZJIFFAHQKX-ZAULLPPESA-L calcium;3-carboxy-10-[2-carboxy-4-oxido-10-oxo-5-[(2s,3r,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-9h-anthracen-9-yl]-9-oxo-8-[(2s,3r,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-10h-anthracen-1-olate Chemical compound [Ca+2].O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1OC1=CC=CC2=C1C(=O)C1=C(O)C=C(C([O-])=O)C=C1C2C1C2=CC(C([O-])=O)=CC(O)=C2C(=O)C2=C(O[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O3)O)C=CC=C21 JQVYZJIFFAHQKX-ZAULLPPESA-L 0.000 description 4
- KWGRBVOPPLSCSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N d-ephedrine Natural products CNC(C)C(O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KWGRBVOPPLSCSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229960002179 ephedrine Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- DQKGOGJIOHUEGK-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydron;2-hydroxyethyl(trimethyl)azanium;carbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O.C[N+](C)(C)CCO DQKGOGJIOHUEGK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000008141 laxative Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000009814 sennoside A&B Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000006693 Cassia laevigata Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000004071 biological effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229960005181 morphine Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000825 pharmaceutical preparation Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001766 physiological effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002560 therapeutic procedure Methods 0.000 description 3
- RKUNBYITZUJHSG-FXUDXRNXSA-N (S)-atropine Chemical compound C1([C@@H](CO)C(=O)O[C@H]2C[C@H]3CC[C@@H](C2)N3C)=CC=CC=C1 RKUNBYITZUJHSG-FXUDXRNXSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930000680 A04AD01 - Scopolamine Natural products 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000522254 Cassia Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000014489 Cinnamomum aromaticum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylamine Chemical compound CNC ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylamine Chemical compound CCN QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- STECJAGHUSJQJN-GAUPFVANSA-N Hyoscine Natural products C1([C@H](CO)C(=O)OC2C[C@@H]3N([C@H](C2)[C@@H]2[C@H]3O2)C)=CC=CC=C1 STECJAGHUSJQJN-GAUPFVANSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JAQUASYNZVUNQP-USXIJHARSA-N Levorphanol Chemical compound C1C2=CC=C(O)C=C2[C@]23CCN(C)[C@H]1[C@@H]2CCCC3 JAQUASYNZVUNQP-USXIJHARSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylamine Chemical compound NC BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- STECJAGHUSJQJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methyl-scopolamin Natural products C1C(C2C3O2)N(C)C3CC1OC(=O)C(CO)C1=CC=CC=C1 STECJAGHUSJQJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OROGSEYTTFOCAN-DNJOTXNNSA-N codeine Chemical compound C([C@H]1[C@H](N(CC[C@@]112)C)C3)=C[C@H](O)[C@@H]1OC1=C2C3=CC=C1OC OROGSEYTTFOCAN-DNJOTXNNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycine betaine Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)CC([O-])=O KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009931 harmful effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930005342 hyoscyamine Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 229960003210 hyoscyamine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 210000002429 large intestine Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- STECJAGHUSJQJN-FWXGHANASA-N scopolamine Chemical compound C1([C@@H](CO)C(=O)O[C@H]2C[C@@H]3N([C@H](C2)[C@@H]2[C@H]3O2)C)=CC=CC=C1 STECJAGHUSJQJN-FWXGHANASA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960002646 scopolamine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003826 tablet Substances 0.000 description 2
- FMCGSUUBYTWNDP-ONGXEEELSA-N (1R,2S)-2-(dimethylamino)-1-phenyl-1-propanol Chemical compound CN(C)[C@@H](C)[C@H](O)C1=CC=CC=C1 FMCGSUUBYTWNDP-ONGXEEELSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JPMRHWLJLNKRTJ-FGZHOGPDSA-N (9r)-9-[(9r)-2-carboxy-4,5-dihydroxy-10-oxo-9h-anthracen-9-yl]-4,5-dihydroxy-10-oxo-9h-anthracene-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound C12=CC=CC(O)=C2C(=O)C2=C(O)C=C(C(O)=O)C=C2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1C2=CC=CC(O)=C2C(=O)C2=C(O)C=C(C(=O)O)C=C21 JPMRHWLJLNKRTJ-FGZHOGPDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KWTSXDURSIMDCE-QMMMGPOBSA-N (S)-amphetamine Chemical compound C[C@H](N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 KWTSXDURSIMDCE-QMMMGPOBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IIFFFBSAXDNJHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-n,n-bis(2-methylpropyl)propan-1-amine Chemical compound CC(C)CN(CC(C)C)CC(C)C IIFFFBSAXDNJHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NJBCRXCAPCODGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-n-(2-methylpropyl)propan-1-amine Chemical compound CC(C)CNCC(C)C NJBCRXCAPCODGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- USSIQXCVUWKGNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-one Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(CC(C)N(C)C)(C(=O)CC)C1=CC=CC=C1 USSIQXCVUWKGNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical class OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N D-glucitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000792859 Enema Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000588724 Escherichia coli Species 0.000 description 1
- XADCESSVHJOZHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Meperidine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C1(C(=O)OCC)CCN(C)CC1 XADCESSVHJOZHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000699670 Mus sp. Species 0.000 description 1
- FMCGSUUBYTWNDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylephedrine Natural products CN(C)C(C)C(O)C1=CC=CC=C1 FMCGSUUBYTWNDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UIQMVEYFGZJHCZ-SSTWWWIQSA-N Nalorphine Chemical compound C([C@@H](N(CC1)CC=C)[C@@H]2C=C[C@@H]3O)C4=CC=C(O)C5=C4[C@@]21[C@H]3O5 UIQMVEYFGZJHCZ-SSTWWWIQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZGUGWUXLJSTTMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Promazinum Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N(CCCN(C)C)C3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 ZGUGWUXLJSTTMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JPMRHWLJLNKRTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Rhein-chaenthron Natural products C12=CC=CC(O)=C2C(=O)C2=C(O)C=C(C(O)=O)C=C2C1C1C2=CC=CC(O)=C2C(=O)C2=C(O)C=C(C(=O)O)C=C21 JPMRHWLJLNKRTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UVVHNHMVTQRBOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sennidin A Natural products OC(=O)c1cc(O)c2C(=O)c3c(O)cccc3C(C4c5c(O)cccc5C(=O)c6ccc(C(=O)O)c(O)c46)c2c1 UVVHNHMVTQRBOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940025084 amphetamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003237 betaine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000010170 biological method Methods 0.000 description 1
- HQABUPZFAYXKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCN HQABUPZFAYXKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000411 camphor oil Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000010624 camphor oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZPEIMTDSQAKGNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorpromazine Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C=C2N(CCCN(C)C)C3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 ZPEIMTDSQAKGNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001076 chlorpromazine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000001684 chronic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003776 cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960004126 codeine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000001072 colon Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethanolamine Chemical compound OCCNCCO ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylamine Chemical compound CCNCC HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002526 effect on cardiovascular system Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007920 enema Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940079360 enema for constipation Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000006862 enzymatic digestion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002791 glucosyl group Chemical group C1([C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O1)CO)* 0.000 description 1
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OROGSEYTTFOCAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrocodone Natural products C1C(N(CCC234)C)C2C=CC(O)C3OC2=C4C1=CC=C2OC OROGSEYTTFOCAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JJWLVOIRVHMVIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopropylamine Chemical compound CC(C)N JJWLVOIRVHMVIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940125722 laxative agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960003406 levorphanol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960001797 methadone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940113083 morpholine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940073569 n-methylephedrine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960000938 nalorphine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001575 pathological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960000482 pethidine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940127557 pharmaceutical product Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000144 pharmacologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960003598 promazine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WGYKZJWCGVVSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylamine Chemical compound CCCN WGYKZJWCGVVSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000829 suppository Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020357 syrup Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000006188 syrup Substances 0.000 description 1
- YFTHZRPMJXBUME-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripropylamine Chemical compound CCCN(CCC)CCC YFTHZRPMJXBUME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
- B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
- B27N3/08—Moulding or pressing
- B27N3/28—Moulding or pressing characterised by using extrusion presses
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
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Description
Fremgangsmåte til fremstilling av nye sennosidderivater med terapeutisk virkning særlig avførende virkning, og med øket oppløselighet i vann. Process for the production of new sennoside derivatives with therapeutic action, particularly laxative action, and with increased solubility in water.
Foreliggende oppfinnelse angår en The present invention relates to a
fremgangsmåte til fremstilling av nye method for the production of new
sennosidderivater. Produktene fra fremgangsmåten ifølge oppfinnelsen er terapeutisk aktive og er særlig egnet som av-føringsmidler og til anvendelse i sådanne. sennoside derivatives. The products from the method according to the invention are therapeutically active and are particularly suitable as laxatives and for use as such.
Cassia acutifolia (Alexandria sennae) Cassia acutifolia (Alexandria sennae)
og Cassia angustifolia (Tinnevelly sennae) and Cassia angustifolia (Tinnevelly sennae)
er fra gammel tid anvendt som avførings-midler, men tiltross herfor er det først has been used as a laxative since ancient times, but despite this it is the first
nylig fastslått (se U.S. patent 2 350 295) recently established (see U.S. Patent 2,350,295)
bestemte anthrachinoide glucosider som certain anthraquinoid glucosides which
årsak til deres virkning. Utarbeidelsen av cause of their effect. The preparation of
en kjemisk undersøkelsesmetode for sennosidene (se Journal of Pharmacy and Phar-macology, 1950, bind 2, sider 807—813) a chemical method of investigation for the sennosides (see Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 1950, vol. 2, pages 807-813)
førte til en forbedret standardisering av led to an improved standardization of
planteekstraktene så at disse kunne anvendes i terapien på basis av en kvanti-tativ bestemmelse av deres innhold av the plant extracts so that these could be used in therapy on the basis of a quantitative determination of their content of
aktive sennosider med derav følgende nøy-aktige dosering. active sennosides with the consequent precise dosage.
Man antar at de hovedsakelig laksa-tive sennastofer er to glucosider som betegnes som Sennosid A og Sennosid B. It is assumed that the mainly laxative senna substances are two glucosides known as Sennoside A and Sennoside B.
Begge disse glucosider har samme empiriske formel, nemlig C, (H3R0.;n, de skiller seg Both these glucosides have the same empirical formula, namely C, (H3R0.;n, they differ
imidlertid fra hverandre i arten av binding however, apart in the nature of bonding
av glycosen med aglukonbestanddelen i of the glucose with the aglucone component i
vedkommende molekyl. Sennosidenes aglu-kon inneholder en carboxylgruppe og kan molecule in question. The sennosides' aglucone contains a carboxyl group and can
ansees som derivat av rhein. considered derivative of rhein.
I sennaplantene har man også funnet It has also been found in the senna plants
andre stoffer som imidlertid ikke spiller other substances which, however, do not play
noen rolle for den avførende virkning. Som any role for the laxative effect. As
sådanne stoffer har man f. eks. isolert sennacrol, sennahemnetic, kamferolje C,-Hi;0.,(OH)4 og dettes glucosid, kamferin samt en liten mengde av en spesiell olje. De ekstrakter som er fremstillet av egnede arter av sennafamilien kan inneholde forskjellige mengder av sennasid A og B, imidlertid resulterer dette vekslende forhold mellom de to sennosidarter i senna-eks-traktene eller i selve sennosid-preparatene ikke i noen forskjell som er bemerkelses-verdig i biologisk henseende, da begge glucosider synes å forholde seg likeverdig i tykktarmen. Som resultat av den enzyma-tiske fordøyelse ved den der tilstedeværende bakterielle flora, særlig E. Coli, avspaltes glucosedelen i tykktarmen. De aglucoler som dannes ved denne spaltning av Sennosid A henholdsvis Sennosid B er identiske. Dette aglucol utøver sin fysiologiske virkning på tykktarmen. such substances are e.g. isolated sennacrol, sennahemnetic, camphor oil C,-Hi;0.,(OH)4 and its glucoside, campherin and a small amount of a special oil. The extracts prepared from suitable species of the senna family may contain different amounts of sennaside A and B, however, this alternating ratio between the two sennoside species in the senna extracts or in the sennoside preparations themselves does not result in any difference that is noteworthy in biological terms, as both glucosides seem to behave equally in the large intestine. As a result of the enzymatic digestion by the bacterial flora present there, especially E. Coli, the glucose part is split off in the large intestine. The aglycols formed by this cleavage of Sennoside A and Sennoside B are identical. This aglucol exerts its physiological effect on the colon.
Den kjemiske struktur av sennosider A og B er kjent. De har en molekylvekt på 862,72 og deres empiriske formel er Sennosid A er sammensatt av det høyredreiende aglucol Sennidin A, og D-glucose, mens sennosid B er sammensatt av det intermolekylært kompenserte Mesosennidin B og D-glucose. Sennosid A krystalliserer i form av rektangulære gule flater, det spaltes ved temperaturer fra 200 til 240°C. Det er uoppløselig i vann, benzen, ether og kloroform. Sennosid B krystalliserer i form av lysegule prismer, det spaltes ved 180—186°C, dets oppløselighet er av samme art som for sennosid A, imidlertid er sennosid B noe lettere oppløselig, det oppløses nemlig noe i varmt vann. Begge sennosider A og B kan bestemmes ved kjemiske og biologiske metoder som selv i nærvær av andre stoffer som f. eks. de i det foregående nevnte bestanddeler av sennaektsrakter, er i høy grad nøyaktige. The chemical structure of sennosides A and B is known. They have a molecular weight of 862.72 and their empirical formula is Sennoside A is composed of the dextrorotatory aglucol Sennidin A, and D-glucose, while Sennoside B is composed of the intermolecularly compensated Mesosennidin B and D-glucose. Sennoside A crystallizes in the form of rectangular yellow surfaces, it decomposes at temperatures from 200 to 240°C. It is insoluble in water, benzene, ether and chloroform. Sennoside B crystallizes in the form of pale yellow prisms, it decomposes at 180-186°C, its solubility is of the same nature as that of sennoside A, however, sennoside B is slightly more soluble, namely it dissolves somewhat in warm water. Both sennosides A and B can be determined by chemical and biological methods which, even in the presence of other substances such as e.g. the previously mentioned constituents of sennaekts are highly accurate.
Skjønt sennosidenes sterke avførende terapeutiske virkning er alminnelig kjent, er de beheftet med visse ulemper som er forbundet med deres kjemiske og fysikalske egenskaper og som begrenser området for sennosidenes anvendbarhet. Således er f. eks. sennosidene uoppløselige i vandige væsker så at det er praktisk talt umulig å fremstille stabile vandige preparater med egnede konsentrasjoner av aktive stoffer. Dessuten undergår bestanddelene med av-førende virkning allerede efter korte tids-rom en vesentlig avbygning ved innvirk-ning av vann, og denne gjør seg merkbar ved en avtagen av aktiviteten. Denne byd-rolytiske avbygning av de terapeutisk virksomme bestanddeler viser seg altså i en betydelig endring av den fysiologiske effekt. For å unngå denne hydrolytiske avbygning har man derfor anvendt preparater som enten er fremstillet av det isolerte aktive glucosid eller av planteekstraktet, hovedsakelig i fast tilstand, f. eks. som tabletter, granulater eller kapsler. Som flytende preparater er der også anbefalt opp-løsninger med et høyt innhold av alkohol, imidlertid betegnes disse som ustabile. Videre er de fremgangsmåter som er rettet på fremstilling av tørre preparater for å oppnå stabile farmasøytiske produkter, vanskelige og besværlige å utføre, samt kre-ver en kostbar spesialteknikk. Although the strong laxative therapeutic effect of the sennosides is generally known, they suffer from certain disadvantages associated with their chemical and physical properties and which limit the range of applicability of the sennosides. Thus, e.g. the sennosides are insoluble in aqueous liquids so that it is practically impossible to produce stable aqueous preparations with suitable concentrations of active substances. Moreover, the constituents with a laxative effect already undergo a significant breakdown after a short period of time due to the influence of water, and this becomes noticeable when the activity decreases. This bio-rolytic breakdown of the therapeutically active ingredients is thus manifested in a significant change in the physiological effect. To avoid this hydrolytic breakdown, preparations have therefore been used which are either made from the isolated active glucoside or from the plant extract, mainly in a solid state, e.g. as tablets, granules or capsules. Solutions with a high alcohol content are also recommended as liquid preparations, but these are described as unstable. Furthermore, the methods which are aimed at producing dry preparations in order to obtain stable pharmaceutical products are difficult and cumbersome to carry out, and require an expensive special technique.
Ved foreliggende oppfinnelse skaffes der en fremgangsmåte som avhjelper de ovenfor nevnte ulemper og fører til nye, stabile sennosidforbindelser med forhøyet oppløselighet i vann. The present invention provides a method which remedies the above-mentioned disadvantages and leads to new, stable sennoside compounds with increased solubility in water.
Det karakteristiske hovedtrekk ved oppfinnelsen er at sennosid A, sennosid B, blandinger av sennosid A og sennosid B eller et materiale av botanisk opprinnelse som inneholder sennosid A og sennosid B omsettes i et inert medium med en farmakologisk virksom cyclisk eller heterocyclisk aminbase eller med en mono-, di- eller tri-alkylaminbase eller med en alkanolaminbase i hvilken alkylkjeden har fra 1 til 4 carbonatomer, eller med et salt av nevnte aminbase, hvorpå de erholdte reaksjonsprodukter isoleres. The characteristic main feature of the invention is that sennoside A, sennoside B, mixtures of sennoside A and sennoside B or a material of botanical origin containing sennoside A and sennoside B are reacted in an inert medium with a pharmacologically active cyclic or heterocyclic amine base or with a mono -, di- or tri-alkylamine base or with an alkanolamine base in which the alkyl chain has from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or with a salt of said amine base, whereupon the reaction products obtained are isolated.
De herved erholdte nye forbindelser har en betydelig avførende virkning som kan påvises ved biologiske forsøk. Dessuten egner disse forbindelser seg til fremstilling av farmasøytiske preparater som kan anvendes i bestemte doser og som ved den terapeutiske anvendelse ikke er beheftet med ulempene ved de tidligere kjente aktive stoffer. The new compounds thus obtained have a significant laxative effect which can be demonstrated in biological experiments. Moreover, these compounds are suitable for the production of pharmaceutical preparations which can be used in specific doses and which, in the therapeutic application, are not affected by the disadvantages of the previously known active substances.
Som amin kan der i fremgangsmåten ifølge oppfinnelsen anvendes f. eks. betain, cholin, morfolin, methylglucamm, mono-, di- eller trialkylaminer hvis alkylkjede har fra 1 til 4 carbonatomer og et mono-, di-eller trialkanolamin hvis alkylkjede likeledes har fra 1 til 4 carbonatomer, med et sennosid som kan foreligge i form av en blanding av f. eks. sennosider A og B, eller i isolert tilstand, f. eks. som sennosid A eller sennosid B eller med et sennosidholdig planteekstrakt. As an amine, e.g. can be used in the method according to the invention. betaine, choline, morpholine, methylglucamm, mono-, di- or trialkylamines whose alkyl chain has from 1 to 4 carbon atoms and a mono-, di- or trialkanolamine whose alkyl chain likewise has from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, with a sennoside which can be in the form of a mixture of e.g. sennosides A and B, or in an isolated state, e.g. as sennoside A or sennoside B or with a sennoside-containing plant extract.
I fremgangsmåten ifølge oppfinnelsen er det særlig fordelaktig å anvende visse farmakologisk virksomme aminer som amin-reaksjonskomponent. Denne spesielle gruppe av aminer har i sin alminnelighet en skadelig egenskap at de under deres terapeutiske anvendelse frembringer forstoppelse som ikke bare hindrer den til-strebede terapeutiske effekt eller begrenser denne, men også utsetter pasientene for spesielle risikomomenter. Således har det f. eks. vist seg at stoffer som frembringer forstoppelse kan være en alvorlig fare for cardiovasculære pasienter, da anvendelsen av slike stoffer øker den anstrengelse som er forbundet med stolgangen. Overdrevne anstrengelser som er forbundet med stolgangen er allerede beskrevet som utløsende faktor for en rekke alvorlige cardiovalscu-lære anfall som i enkelte tilfelle har ført til døden. En særlig fordel med de nye sennosidaminforbindelser i hvilke amin-bestanddelen består av en forbindelse som hemmer den peristatiske virksomhet ligger i minskning eller eliminering av nevnte skadelige bivirkning. Aminer som f. eks. promazin, klorpromazin, amfetamin, efedrin, n-methylefedrin, atropin, hyoscyamin, scopolamin, morfin, meperidin, methadon, levorfan, codein, dromoran og n-allylnor-morfin, kan omsettes med sennosider under dannelse av de tilsvarende aminosennosider som ikke er beheftet, med den ulempe at de ved anvendelsen hemmer de peristatiske bevegelser (hva de som utgangsmateriale anvendte aminer gjør). In the method according to the invention, it is particularly advantageous to use certain pharmacologically active amines as the amine reaction component. This special group of amines generally has a harmful property that during their therapeutic use they produce constipation which not only prevents the intended therapeutic effect or limits it, but also exposes the patients to particular risk factors. Thus, it has e.g. It has been shown that substances that produce constipation can be a serious danger to cardiovascular patients, as the use of such substances increases the effort associated with the passage of stool. Excessive exertion associated with walking has already been described as a triggering factor for a number of serious cardiovalscu-lar attacks which in some cases have led to death. A particular advantage of the new sennosydamine compounds in which the amine component consists of a compound that inhibits the peristatic activity lies in the reduction or elimination of said harmful side effect. Amines such as promazine, chlorpromazine, amphetamine, ephedrine, n-methylephedrine, atropine, hyoscyamine, scopolamine, morphine, meperidine, methadone, levorphan, codeine, dromoran and n-allylnor-morphine, can react with sennosides to form the corresponding aminosennosides which are not affected , with the disadvantage that when used they inhibit the peristatic movements (what the amines used as starting material do).
Reaksjonen utføres i et inert medium, f. eks. i oppløsninger i blandinger av alkohol og vann, i aceton, kloroform eller dioxan. Ved utførelsen av denne reaksjon oppløses eller dispergeres sennosidmate-rialet i 5 volumdeler oppløsningsmiddel, og den erholdte oppløsning eller dispersjon tilsettes sitt eget volum av en oppløsning av den beregnede mengde av det amin som skal anvendes. Den herved erholdte blanding omrøres og oppvarmes til 50°C, hvorpå oppløsningsmidlet fordamper inntil blandingens volum blir ca. en tredjedel av dens opprinnelige volum. Derpå filtreres blandingen og inndampes til tørrhet. Residuet tørres og oppløses i en liten mengde alkohol, hvorpå der utfelles med ether, bunnfallet frafiltreres og tørres. Det tørre pulver består av aminosennosidet som er et stabilt lysebrunt pulver, oppløselig i vann, methanol, ethanol og aceton, men uoppløselig i ether. The reaction is carried out in an inert medium, e.g. in solutions in mixtures of alcohol and water, in acetone, chloroform or dioxane. When carrying out this reaction, the sennoside material is dissolved or dispersed in 5 parts by volume of solvent, and the resulting solution or dispersion is added to its own volume of a solution of the calculated amount of the amine to be used. The resulting mixture is stirred and heated to 50°C, after which the solvent evaporates until the volume of the mixture is approx. one third of its original volume. The mixture is then filtered and evaporated to dryness. The residue is dried and dissolved in a small amount of alcohol, after which it is precipitated with ether, the precipitate is filtered off and dried. The dry powder consists of aminosennoside, which is a stable light brown powder, soluble in water, methanol, ethanol and acetone, but insoluble in ether.
De således erholdte forbindelser er stabile under vanlige lagringsbetingelser. De har karakteristiske smeltepunkt og spektra i det infrarøde og ultrafiolette område. Disse aminosennosider har en sterk fysiologisk virkning. De kan anvendes til fremstilling av preparater i farmasøytisk anvendbare doser, til anvendelse i terapien. The compounds thus obtained are stable under normal storage conditions. They have characteristic melting points and spectra in the infrared and ultraviolet range. These aminosennosides have a strong physiological effect. They can be used for the preparation of preparations in pharmaceutically usable doses, for use in therapy.
Den fremgangsmåte som foretrekkes til fremstilling av cholin-sennosid består i omsetning av cholinbicarbonat med sennosidene i ekvimolekylære forhold og i et inert medium som f. eks. vann eller alkohol. De herved erholdte forbindelser er lyse-brune pulvere som er oppløselige i vann, methanol, ethanol, glycerin, sorbitol, men uoppløselige i ether. Cholinsennosidet smelter ved 144—146,5°C og har et karakteristisk spektrum i det infrarøde og ultrafiolette område. Ved biologisk undersøkelse viser det seg at cholinsennosidene har en sterk avførende virkning. The method that is preferred for the production of choline sennoside consists in reacting choline bicarbonate with the sennosides in equimolecular conditions and in an inert medium such as e.g. water or alcohol. The compounds thus obtained are light-brown powders which are soluble in water, methanol, ethanol, glycerin, sorbitol, but insoluble in ether. Choline senoside melts at 144-146.5°C and has a characteristic spectrum in the infrared and ultraviolet range. A biological examination shows that the choline sennosides have a strong laxative effect.
I samme fremgangsmåte kan der anvendes andre aminer enn de ovenfor nevnte, i ekvivalente, ekvimolekylære mengder, hvorved man får de på tilsvarende måte substituerte aminosennosider. In the same method, amines other than those mentioned above can be used, in equivalent, equimolecular amounts, whereby the similarly substituted aminosennosides are obtained.
Ved anvendelse av produktene fra fremgangsmåten ifølge oppfinnelsen i terapien kan disse for peroral anvendelse opparbeides til faste preparater som f. eks. tabletter, kapsler, granulater, pulvere eller til flytende preparater som f. eks. siruper, tinkturer, miksturer, suspensjoner eller oppløsninger. For rektal anvendelse kan de opparbeides til stikkpiller eller til væsker for klyster. Til parenteral anvendelse er vandige oppløsninger for injeksjoner egnet. Uansett preparatenes form og den måte de tilføres på, observeres en likeartet biologisk virkning. When using the products from the method according to the invention in therapy, these can be processed into solid preparations for oral use such as e.g. tablets, capsules, granules, powders or for liquid preparations such as e.g. syrups, tinctures, mixtures, suspensions or solutions. For rectal use, they can be processed into suppositories or liquids for enemas. For parenteral use, aqueous solutions for injections are suitable. Regardless of the form of the preparations and the way they are administered, a similar biological effect is observed.
Den daglige dose for disse nye sennosidderivater ligger mellom 2 og 75 mg av forbindelsene, beregnet på dens sennosid-innhold. Disse mengder kan anvendes i en enkelt dose eller i flere doser. Den nøy-aktige dose pr. døgn er avhengig av pasien-tenes spesielle behov og graden av den ønskede farmakologiske effekt. Således for-langes der f. eks. for utrensning før radio-logi større doser enn den som skal tjene til å motvirke den forstoppende virkning av et stoff som f. eks. jern. Videre anvender man ved kroniske resistende forstoppelser høyere doser enn til korrigering av en forbigående forstoppelse. Dessuten må yngre mennesker og barn gis andre mengder enn voksne. The daily dose for these new sennoside derivatives is between 2 and 75 mg of the compounds, calculated on its sennoside content. These amounts can be used in a single dose or in several doses. The precise dose per day depends on the patient's special needs and the degree of the desired pharmacological effect. Thus, e.g. for purging before radiology larger doses than that which should serve to counteract the constipating effect of a substance such as e.g. iron. Furthermore, for chronic resistant constipation, higher doses are used than for the correction of temporary constipation. Also, younger people and children must be given different amounts than adults.
Ved anvendelse av de nye sennosidderivater får man resultatet i løpet av 6 til 10 timer ved oral anvendelse, og ved rektal tilførsel i løpet av fra 15 minutter til 1 time efter tilførselen. De tilpasnings-muligheter som skaffes ved det store område for de mulige doser av de nye forbindelser og de forskjellige preparater de kan opparbeides til, gjør det mulig for legen å behandle de patologiske tilstander som opptrer i forskjellig form på en måte som tilsvarer ethvert enkelt tilfelle. Dette lot seg hittil ikke utføre, og har i lang tid vært ønsket. When using the new sennoside derivatives, the result is obtained within 6 to 10 hours with oral application, and with rectal administration within 15 minutes to 1 hour after administration. The adaptability afforded by the wide range of the possible doses of the new compounds and the various preparations into which they can be prepared make it possible for the doctor to treat the pathological conditions that appear in different forms in a way that corresponds to each individual case . This has so far not been possible, and has been desired for a long time.
I det følgende beskrives som eksempler noen utførelsesformer for oppfinnelsen. In the following, some embodiments of the invention are described as examples.
Eksempel 1. Example 1.
En oppløsning av 43 mg sennosid A og B i 20 ml 70 pst.'s alkohol tilsettes en opp-løsning av 16,5 mg cholinbicarbonat i 10 ml 70 pst.'s ethanol. Det finner øyeblikkelig sted en utvikling av carbondioxyd. Oppløs-ningen oppvarmes derefter y2 time, idet man unngår at temperaturen stiger over 40°C, hvorpå den inndampes til tørrhet. Det tørre residuum oppløses i 50 ml destil-lert vann, og oppløsningen ekstraheres to ganger med ether. Derefter tilsettes den vandige oppløsning 2 volumdeler aceton og 1 volumdel ether og hensettes til krystallisasjon ved lav temperatur. Man får cholin-sennosid som et lysebrunt krystallinsk pulver med smeltepunkt 144—146,5°C. De verdier man får ved elementaranalyse av cholinsennosidet stemmer godt overens med de teoretiske verdier for C-,,H,uOl)2N„ A solution of 43 mg of sennoside A and B in 20 ml of 70 per cent alcohol is added to a solution of 16.5 mg of choline bicarbonate in 10 ml of 70 per cent ethanol. An evolution of carbon dioxide immediately takes place. The solution is then heated for y2 hours, avoiding that the temperature rises above 40°C, after which it is evaporated to dryness. The dry residue is dissolved in 50 ml of distilled water, and the solution is extracted twice with ether. 2 parts by volume of acetone and 1 part by volume of ether are then added to the aqueous solution and allowed to crystallize at a low temperature. Choline sennoside is obtained as a light brown crystalline powder with a melting point of 144-146.5°C. The values obtained by elemental analysis of choline senoside agree well with the theoretical values for C-,,H,uOl)2N„
(med molekylvekt 1069,1), nemlig: Teoretisk: C 58,42 pst., H 6,03 pst., N 2,62 pst. Funnet: C 55,51 pst., H 6,47 pst., N 2,75 pst. (with molecular weight 1069.1), namely: Theoretical: C 58.42%, H 6.03%, N 2.62% Found: C 55.51%, H 6.47%, N 2 .75 percent
Dette stoff er meget godt oppløselig i vann, methanol og ethanol, men uoppløse-lig i aceton, kloroform og petrolether. Forbindelsen har et karakteristisk spektrum i det infrarøde og ultrafiolette område. Ved dyreforsøk under anvendelse av mus viser cholinsennosidet en meget sterk biologisk virkning. Forbindelsen er stabil ved lagring og kan anvendes til fremstilling av far-masøytiske preparater. This substance is very soluble in water, methanol and ethanol, but insoluble in acetone, chloroform and petroleum ether. The compound has a characteristic spectrum in the infrared and ultraviolet range. In animal experiments using mice, choline senoside shows a very strong biological effect. The compound is stable during storage and can be used for the production of pharmaceutical preparations.
Eksempel 2. Example 2.
1 kg tørret, finmalt sennaplantemate-riale, f. eks. fra Cassia acutifolia eller Cassia tinnevelly, avfettes med 10 liter lett-bensin. Det avfettede materiale tørres og ekstraheres med 50 liter 70 pst.'s vandig methanol som inneholder 20 g cholin. Ekstraktet inndampes under forminsket trykk til et volum på 100 ml og tilsettes 20 ml benzen. Blandingen bringes ved destillasjon på halvparten av sitt volum for å fjerne tilstedeværende vann. Den praktisk talt vannfrie oppløsning i methanol tilsettes 4 volumdeler aceton, hvorpå man lar det hele henstå til krystallisasjon. Man får krystaller av cholinsennosid med smeltepunkt 144—146,5°C Disse er oppløselige i methanol, ethanol og vann, men uoppløse-lige i petrolether og aceton. 1 kg of dried, finely ground senna plant material, e.g. from Cassia acutifolia or Cassia tinnevelly, degrease with 10 liters of light petrol. The defatted material is dried and extracted with 50 liters of 70% aqueous methanol containing 20 g of choline. The extract is evaporated under reduced pressure to a volume of 100 ml and 20 ml of benzene is added. The mixture is distilled to half its volume to remove any water present. The practically water-free solution in methanol is added to 4 parts by volume of acetone, after which the whole is left to crystallize. Crystals of choline sennoside with a melting point of 144-146.5°C are obtained. These are soluble in methanol, ethanol and water, but insoluble in petroleum ether and acetone.
Eksempel 3. Example 3.
1 kg tørrede, finmalte belger av sennaplanter ekstraheres med 25 liter av en blanding av like deler dioxan og morfolin. Oppløsningsmidlet fordampes derpå under forminsket trykk, og residuet oppløses i en mengde vannfri methanol som nettopp er tilstrekkelig til å oppløse dette. Den erholdte oppløsning tilsettes sitt eget volum aceton, og den herved erholdte blanding hensettes til krystallisasjon. De krystaller man herved får viser seg å bestå av mor-folinsennosid. De er oppløselige i vann og alkohol, men uoppløselige i petrolether og kloroform. 1 kg of dried, finely ground pods of senna plants are extracted with 25 liters of a mixture of equal parts dioxane and morpholine. The solvent is then evaporated under reduced pressure, and the residue is dissolved in an amount of anhydrous methanol which is just sufficient to dissolve it. The resulting solution is added to its own volume of acetone, and the resulting mixture is set aside for crystallisation. The crystals obtained in this way turn out to consist of mother folinsennoside. They are soluble in water and alcohol, but insoluble in petroleum ether and chloroform.
Eksempel 4. Example 4.
5 kg tørret, finmalt bladmateriale fra sennaplanter, f. eks. fra Cassia acutifolia og Cassia Tinnevelly, ekstraheres med 100 liter av en vandig oppløsning inneholdende 0,1 pst.'s cholinbicarbonat. Ekstraktet inndampes til tørrhet under forminsket trykk, hvorved man unngår at temperaturen stiger over 40°C. Det faste residuum blandes i varm tilstand med 2 volumdeler aceton, 5 kg of dried, finely ground leaf material from senna plants, e.g. from Cassia acutifolia and Cassia Tinnevelly, is extracted with 100 liters of an aqueous solution containing 0.1 percent choline bicarbonate. The extract is evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure, thereby avoiding that the temperature rises above 40°C. The solid residue is mixed while warm with 2 parts by volume of acetone,
hvorpå der filtreres. Filtratet inndampes til tørrhet, og det erholdte residuum består av cholinsennoid med smeltepunkt 144— 146,5°C. after which it is filtered. The filtrate is evaporated to dryness, and the residue obtained consists of cholinsennoid with a melting point of 144-146.5°C.
Eksempel 5. Example 5.
En oppløsning av 86,3 mg sennosid A og B i 100 ml 70 pst.'s methanol tilsettes en oppløsning av 47 mg morfin i 25 ml aceton. Den erholdte blanding oppvarmes l/ 2 time, idet man unngår at temperaturen stiger over 50°C, hvorpå oppløsningsmidlet fordampes. Residuet tørres og omkrystalliseres fra en blanding av ether og methanol. De herved erholdte krystaller viser seg å bestå av morfin-sennosid. Denne forbindelse er stabil og har en god biologisk aktivitet uten bivirkninger som frembringer forstoppelse. Forbindelsen viser i sitt spektrum i det ultrafiolette område et maksimum ved 285 j.i og et minimum ved 260 \ i. A solution of 86.3 mg of sennoside A and B in 100 ml of 70% methanol is added to a solution of 47 mg of morphine in 25 ml of acetone. The resulting mixture is heated for 1/2 hour, avoiding that the temperature rises above 50°C, after which the solvent evaporates. The residue is dried and recrystallized from a mixture of ether and methanol. The crystals thus obtained turn out to consist of morphine sennoside. This compound is stable and has a good biological activity without side effects that cause constipation. The compound shows in its spectrum in the ultraviolet region a maximum at 285 j.i and a minimum at 260 \i.
Eksempel 6. Example 6.
En oppløsning av 43 mg sennosid A og B i 10 ml aceton tilsettes en oppløsning av 57 mg atropin i 10 ml aceton. Den erholdte blanding oppvarmes y2 time ved en temperatur som ikke overstiger 40°C, hvorpå den inndampes. Det erholdte tørre residuum består av atropinsennosid som er oppløselig i methanol, men uoppløselig i kloroform. A solution of 43 mg of sennoside A and B in 10 ml of acetone is added to a solution of 57 mg of atropine in 10 ml of acetone. The resulting mixture is heated for y2 hours at a temperature not exceeding 40°C, after which it is evaporated. The dry residue obtained consists of atropine sennoside which is soluble in methanol but insoluble in chloroform.
Eksempel 7. Example 7.
En oppløsning av 863 mg sennosid A og B i 10 ml aceton tilsettes en oppløsning av 33 mg efedrin i 10 ml aceton. Den erholdte blanding oppvarmes i y2 time til temperaturer som ikke overstiger 40°C, hvorpå opp-løsningsmidlet fjernes. Det erholdte residuum består av efedrinsennosid. A solution of 863 mg of sennoside A and B in 10 ml of acetone is added to a solution of 33 mg of ephedrine in 10 ml of acetone. The resulting mixture is heated for y2 hours to temperatures not exceeding 40°C, after which the solvent is removed. The residue obtained consists of ephedrine sennoside.
Eksempel 8. Example 8.
Når man i stedet for det i eksempel 1 anvendte cholinbicarbonat bruker ekvimolekylære mengder av de i det følgende an-gitte aminer, amincarbonater og -bicarbo-nater, får man de likeledes i følgende tabell oppførte aminsennosider: When, instead of the choline bicarbonate used in example 1, equimolecular amounts of the amines, amine carbonates and bicarbonates listed below are used, the amine sennosides listed in the following table are also obtained:
Sennosid-reaksjonskomponenten i disse reaksjoner kan f. eks. være en blanding av sennosider A og B, sennosid A eller sennosid B eller en tørret sennosidholdig finmalt plante, et passende planteekstrakt som inneholder sennosider eller tørrede og finmalte deler av sennaplanter, som f. eks. frø, belger eller blad. De øvrige trinn i fremgangsmåten er de samme som angitt i eksempel 1 for enkelte sennosider og i eksempel 2, 3 og 4 for anvendelse av plante-ekstrakter. The sennoside reaction component in these reactions can e.g. be a mixture of sennosides A and B, sennoside A or sennoside B or a dried sennoside-containing finely ground plant, a suitable plant extract containing sennosides or dried and finely ground parts of senna plants, such as e.g. seeds, pods or leaves. The other steps in the method are the same as stated in example 1 for individual sennosides and in examples 2, 3 and 4 for the use of plant extracts.
I det følgende angis utseende og egenskaper for en del av de forbindelser som er oppført i ovenstående tabell: Monomethylamin- sennosid: Hvite til gule nåleformede krystaller som er ganske lite hygroskopiske og smelter ved 287— 291°C (under spaltning). Molekylvekt 894,72. The appearance and properties of some of the compounds listed in the above table are given below: Monomethylamine sennoside: White to yellow needle-shaped crystals which are rather slightly hygroscopic and melt at 287-291°C (under decomposition). Molecular weight 894.72.
Innholdet av carbon og hydrogen er følgende: Teoretisk: C 57,84 pst., H 4,81 pst. Funnet: C 56,9 pst., H 5,8 pst. The content of carbon and hydrogen is as follows: Theoretical: C 57.84 per cent, H 4.81 per cent Found: C 56.9 per cent, H 5.8 per cent.
Forbindelsen er oppløselig i vann, aceton og ethanol, uoppløselig i ether og benzen. The compound is soluble in water, acetone and ethanol, insoluble in ether and benzene.
Monoethylamin- sennosid: Gulaktige, risledyktige nåleformede krystaller som smelter ved 263—265°C (under spaltning). Molekylvekt 952,7. Elementaranalyse gir bruttoformelen C(4Hir)0=,n<N>2. Monoethylamine sennoside: Yellowish, friable needle-shaped crystals melting at 263-265°C (under decomposition). Molecular weight 952.7. Elementary analysis gives the gross formula C(4Hir)0=,n<N>2.
Innhold av carbon og hydrogen er føl-gende: Teoretisk: C 59,82 pst., H 4,72 pst. Funnet: C 60,13 pst., H 4,61 pst. Content of carbon and hydrogen is as follows: Theoretical: C 59.82 per cent, H 4.72 per cent Found: C 60.13 per cent, H 4.61 per cent.
Forbindelsen er oppløselig i vann, aceton og ethanol, uoppløselig i ether og benzen. The compound is soluble in water, acetone and ethanol, insoluble in ether and benzene.
Monopropylamin- sennosid: Gulaktig, risledyktig amorft pulver som smelter ved 268—271 °C (under spaltning). Molekylvekt 980,72. Oppløselig i vann, aceton og ethanol, uoppløselig i ether og benzen. Monopropylamine sennoside: Yellowish, friable amorphous powder that melts at 268-271 °C (under decomposition). Molecular weight 980.72. Soluble in water, acetone and ethanol, insoluble in ether and benzene.
Monoisopropylamin- sennosid: Gulaktig pulver som smelter ved 251—255°C (under spaltning). Oppløselig i vann, aceton og ethanol, uoppløselig i ether og benzen. Monoisopropylamine sennoside: Yellowish powder melting at 251-255°C (under decomposition). Soluble in water, acetone and ethanol, insoluble in ether and benzene.
Mono- n- butylamin- sennosid: Gulaktig til lysebrunt (tan) pulver som smelter ved Mono-n-butylamine sennoside: Yellowish to light brown (tan) powder which melts on wood
291—294°C (under spaltning). Oppløselig i vann, aceton og ethanol, uoppløselig i ether og benzen. 291—294°C (under decomposition). Soluble in water, acetone and ethanol, insoluble in ether and benzene.
Dimethylamin- sennosid: Gulaktig til lysebrunt (tan) krystallinsk pulver som smelter ved 217—228°C (under spaltning). Oppløselig i vann, aceton og ethanol, uopp-løselig i ether og benzen. Dimethylamine sennoside: Yellowish to light brown (tan) crystalline powder melting at 217-228°C (under decomposition). Soluble in water, acetone and ethanol, insoluble in ether and benzene.
Diethylamin- sennosid: Gulaktig til lysebrunt (tan), risledyktig pulver som smelter ved 247—251°C (under spaltning). Oppløselig i vann, aceton og ethanol, uopp-løselig i ether og benzen. Diethylamine sennoside: Yellowish to light brown (tan), friable powder that melts at 247-251°C (under decomposition). Soluble in water, acetone and ethanol, insoluble in ether and benzene.
Di- isobutylamin- sennosid: Gulaktig til lysebrunt (tan) pulver som smelter ved 222—226°C (under spaltning). Oppløselig i vann, aceton og ethanol, uoppløselig i ether og benzen. Di-isobutylamine sennoside: Yellowish to light brown (tan) powder which melts at 222-226°C (under decomposition). Soluble in water, acetone and ethanol, insoluble in ether and benzene.
Tripropylamin- sennosid: Gulaktig til lysebrunt (tan) pulver som smelter ved 191—197°C (under spaltning). Tungt opp-løselig i vann, oppløselig i ethanol og aceton, uoppløselig i benzen og ether. Tripropylamine sennoside: Yellowish to light brown (tan) powder melting at 191-197°C (under decomposition). Heavily soluble in water, soluble in ethanol and acetone, insoluble in benzene and ether.
Tri- isobutylamin- sennosid: Gulaktig til lysebrunt (tan) pulver som smelter ved 207—211°C (under spaltning). Oppløselig i vann, aceton og ethanol, uoppløselig i ether og benzen. Tri-isobutylamine sennoside: Yellowish to light brown (tan) powder which melts at 207-211°C (under decomposition). Soluble in water, acetone and ethanol, insoluble in ether and benzene.
Diethanolamin- sennosid: Gulaktig til lysebrunt (tan) pulver som smelter ved 274—281°C (under spaltning). Lett oppløse-lig i vann og ethanol, uoppløselig i ether og benzen. Diethanolamine sennoside: Yellowish to light brown (tan) powder which melts at 274-281°C (under decomposition). Easily soluble in water and ethanol, insoluble in ether and benzene.
Triethanolamin- sennosid: Gulaktig til lysebrunt (tan) pulver som smelter ved 293—306°C (under spaltning). Lett opp-løselig i vann og ethanol, uoppløselig i benzen og ether. Triethanolamine sennoside: Yellowish to light brown (tan) powder melting at 293-306°C (under decomposition). Easily soluble in water and ethanol, insoluble in benzene and ether.
Efedrin- sennosid: Lysebrunt (tan) pulver som smelter ved 271—274°C (under spaltning). Uoppløselig i vann, oppløselig i ethanol. Ephedrine sennoside: Light brown (tan) powder that melts at 271-274°C (under decomposition). Insoluble in water, soluble in ethanol.
Atropin- sennosid: Lysebrunt (tan) pulver som spaltes ved temperaturer over Atropine sennoside: Light brown (tan) powder which decomposes at temperatures above
300°C. Uoppløselig i vann, oppløselig i ethanol. 300°C. Insoluble in water, soluble in ethanol.
Hyosciamin- sennosid: Lysebrunt (tan) Hyoscyamine sennoside: Light brown (tan)
pulver som spaltes ved temperaturer over powder that decomposes at temperatures above
300°C. Uoppløselig i vann, oppløselig i 300°C. Insoluble in water, soluble in
ethanol. ethanol.
Scopolamin- sennosid: Lysebrunt (tan) Scopolamine sennoside: Light brown (tan)
pulver som spaltes ved temperaturer over powder that decomposes at temperatures above
300°C. Uoppløselig i vann, oppløselig i 300°C. Insoluble in water, soluble in
ethanol. ethanol.
Pr omazin- sennosid: Lysebrunt (tan) Pr omazine sennoside: Light brown (tan)
pulver som spaltes ved temperaturer over powder that decomposes at temperatures above
300°C. Uoppløselig i vann, oppløselig i 300°C. Insoluble in water, soluble in
ethanol. ethanol.
Claims (1)
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DE2535989A DE2535989C3 (en) | 1975-08-12 | 1975-08-12 | Device for curing extruded bodies |
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NO762720L NO762720L (en) | 1977-02-15 |
NO146979B true NO146979B (en) | 1982-10-04 |
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JP (1) | JPS5223180A (en) |
AT (1) | AT356365B (en) |
BE (1) | BE844888A (en) |
CH (1) | CH605099A5 (en) |
DE (2) | DE2535989C3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES450625A1 (en) |
FI (1) | FI68781C (en) |
FR (1) | FR2320822A1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1533007A (en) |
IL (1) | IL50236A (en) |
IT (1) | IT1064743B (en) |
LU (1) | LU75577A1 (en) |
NL (1) | NL175393C (en) |
NO (1) | NO146979C (en) |
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DE7710124U1 (en) * | 1977-03-31 | 1977-08-04 | Heggenstaller, Anton, 8891 Unterbernbach | DEVICE FOR EXTRUSION OF BARS, PROFILES OR DGL. FROM SMALL VEGETABLE PARTS WITH BINDERS |
DE2932406C2 (en) * | 1979-08-09 | 1983-06-23 | Anton 8892 Kühbach Heggenstaller | Process and devices for extrusion of a mixture on small plant parts and binders |
DE3016926C2 (en) * | 1980-05-02 | 1982-08-12 | Heggenstaller, Anton, 8891 Unterbernbach | Device for curing extruded bodies |
GB2117311B (en) * | 1982-02-16 | 1985-10-23 | Dunlop Ltd | Improvements in or relating to a method of and apparatus for extruding elastomeric components |
DE3205866C2 (en) * | 1982-02-18 | 1985-10-10 | Heggenstaller, Anton, 8892 Kühbach | Hardening channel for hardening extruded or compression molded bodies made of small plant parts mixed with binding agent |
DE3222113C2 (en) * | 1982-06-11 | 1986-12-04 | Anton 8892 Kühbach Heggenstaller | Method and device for increasing the flexural strength of extruded products from mixtures of small vegetable parts and binding agents |
DE3346469C2 (en) * | 1983-12-22 | 1987-02-26 | Heggenstaller, Anton, 8892 Kühbach | Method and device for extruding small plant parts mixed with binding agent, in particular small wood parts |
DE3521926A1 (en) * | 1985-06-19 | 1987-01-02 | Koeb & Schaefer Ohg | Briquetting machine for briquetting fibrous materials |
DE58907432D1 (en) * | 1988-06-07 | 1994-05-19 | Karl Schedlbauer | Method and device for controlling the compression during extrusion and extrusion tube pressing of small parts, in particular of small plant parts, with binders. |
US5484276A (en) * | 1992-11-20 | 1996-01-16 | Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd. | Curing apparatus for molding compound |
AU3147299A (en) * | 1998-03-25 | 1999-10-18 | Karl Schedlbauer | Method and device for producing a profiled material |
DE29912822U1 (en) | 1999-07-22 | 2000-08-17 | Anton Heggenstaller AG, 86556 Kühbach | Extrusion press for small plant parts |
DE10013184A1 (en) | 2000-03-17 | 2001-09-20 | Deutsche Telekom Ag | Selective photon polarization method for quantum processor involves activating electrooptical modulator in specific time, during which probability of presence of photon is maximum |
DE20018347U1 (en) | 2000-10-26 | 2001-10-31 | Anton Heggenstaller AG, 86556 Kühbach | Extrusion press for small vegetable components mixed with binder |
DE20211138U1 (en) * | 2002-07-24 | 2003-09-04 | Anton Heggenstaller AG, 86556 Kühbach | Extruder for vegetable portions mixed with bonding agent has horizontal press, collector, setting and cooling duct, vacuum chamber, condensation chamber and eater spray |
DE10234835B4 (en) * | 2002-07-31 | 2007-10-25 | Karl Schedlbauer | Method and an apparatus for producing an extruded profile |
DE202004017536U1 (en) * | 2004-11-11 | 2006-03-16 | Anton Heggenstaller Ag | Extruder for small vegetable matter mixed with binder |
CN109049683A (en) * | 2018-10-31 | 2018-12-21 | 上海酷鹰机器人科技有限公司 | A kind of engineering plastics high temperature pats compacting apparatus and its application method after squeezing out in time |
-
1975
- 1975-08-12 DE DE2535989A patent/DE2535989C3/en not_active Expired
- 1975-08-12 DE DE7525585U patent/DE7525585U/en not_active Expired
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1976
- 1976-07-20 SE SE7608250A patent/SE420896B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1976-07-21 NL NLAANVRAGE7608056,A patent/NL175393C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1976-07-29 AT AT559576A patent/AT356365B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1976-08-02 CH CH985576A patent/CH605099A5/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1976-08-02 JP JP51092263A patent/JPS5223180A/en active Granted
- 1976-08-04 IT IT25982/76A patent/IT1064743B/en active
- 1976-08-04 BE BE169565A patent/BE844888A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1976-08-05 NO NO762720A patent/NO146979C/en unknown
- 1976-08-09 GB GB33127/76A patent/GB1533007A/en not_active Expired
- 1976-08-09 FI FI762273A patent/FI68781C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1976-08-09 FR FR7624272A patent/FR2320822A1/en active Granted
- 1976-08-11 IL IL50236A patent/IL50236A/en unknown
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- 1976-08-11 ES ES450625A patent/ES450625A1/en not_active Expired
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FI68781B (en) | 1985-07-31 |
AT356365B (en) | 1980-04-25 |
NO762720L (en) | 1977-02-15 |
DE2535989B2 (en) | 1979-10-11 |
FI68781C (en) | 1985-11-11 |
FR2320822B1 (en) | 1980-04-30 |
SE7608250L (en) | 1977-02-13 |
DE7525585U (en) | 1977-09-08 |
NL7608056A (en) | 1977-02-15 |
BE844888A (en) | 1976-12-01 |
FI762273A (en) | 1977-02-13 |
JPS5223180A (en) | 1977-02-21 |
NL175393B (en) | 1984-06-01 |
IL50236A (en) | 1979-11-30 |
IT1064743B (en) | 1985-02-25 |
IL50236A0 (en) | 1976-10-31 |
NL175393C (en) | 1984-11-01 |
LU75577A1 (en) | 1977-03-28 |
NO146979C (en) | 1983-01-12 |
ES450625A1 (en) | 1977-07-16 |
DE2535989C3 (en) | 1980-06-26 |
CH605099A5 (en) | 1978-09-29 |
SE420896B (en) | 1981-11-09 |
GB1533007A (en) | 1978-11-22 |
FR2320822A1 (en) | 1977-03-11 |
JPS5757270B2 (en) | 1982-12-03 |
DE2535989A1 (en) | 1977-02-24 |
ATA559576A (en) | 1979-09-15 |
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