NO139796B - DC DC OVEN. - Google Patents
DC DC OVEN. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NO139796B NO139796B NO773285A NO773285A NO139796B NO 139796 B NO139796 B NO 139796B NO 773285 A NO773285 A NO 773285A NO 773285 A NO773285 A NO 773285A NO 139796 B NO139796 B NO 139796B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- electrodes
- furnace
- furnaces
- current
- direct current
- Prior art date
Links
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010616 electrical installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002860 competitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/60—Heating arrangements wherein the heating current flows through granular powdered or fluid material, e.g. for salt-bath furnace, electrolytic heating
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D11/00—Arrangement of elements for electric heating in or on furnaces
- F27D11/02—Ohmic resistance heating
- F27D11/04—Ohmic resistance heating with direct passage of current through the material being heated
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Furnace Details (AREA)
- Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
- Sorption Type Refrigeration Machines (AREA)
- Non-Silver Salt Photosensitive Materials And Non-Silver Salt Photography (AREA)
Description
Oppfinnelsen angår en elektrotermisk reduksjonsovn som drives med likestrøm. The invention relates to an electrothermal reduction furnace which is operated with direct current.
De første elektrotermiske reduksjonsovner som kom i drift i slutten The first electrothermal reduction furnaces that came into operation at the end
av forrige århundre, ble drevet med likestrøm. Utviklingen av veksel-strømsgeneratorer med tre faser og forbedret kraftoverføring medførte imidlertid at man gikk over til å drive de elektrotermiske reduksjonsovner med vekselstrøm. Først i den senere tid har den forbedrede omforming fra vekselstrøm til likestrøm ved hjelp av tørrlikerettere åpnet for nye muligheter for anvendelse av likestrøm 'iforbindelse med elektrotermiske reduksjonsovner. of the last century, were powered by direct current. However, the development of alternating current generators with three phases and improved power transmission led to a switch to operating the electrothermal reduction furnaces with alternating current. Only recently has the improved transformation from alternating current to direct current by means of dry rectifiers opened up new possibilities for the use of direct current in connection with electrothermal reduction furnaces.
De likestrømsovner som hittil er bygget for bruk i forbindelse med * elektrotermiske reduksjoner, er som regel utført med én toppelektrode og en bunnelektrode. Disse ovner er meget små i forhold til vanlig kommersielle vekselstrømsovner og er mest anvendt som forsøksovner. Ved enkelte prosesser har imidlertid like strøm .vist seg å ha visse fordeler, idet det medfører mindre tap og dermed lavere spesifikk strøm-forbruk for det produserte materiale. The direct current furnaces that have so far been built for use in connection with * electrothermal reductions, are usually made with one top electrode and one bottom electrode. These ovens are very small compared to normal commercial AC ovens and are mostly used as experimental ovens. In certain processes, however, equal current has been shown to have certain advantages, as it entails less loss and thus lower specific power consumption for the produced material.
Ved bruk av likestrøm>sovner må man, som ved elektrolyseanlegg, installere tørrlikerettere mellom ovnen . og sekundær siden av ovns-transformatoren . Transformatoren er utstyrt med trinnkobler, slik at man til enhver tid kan få den spenning som passer til prosessen cg ovnslasten. Innenfor et visst spenningsområde er størrelsen og prisen for likerettere kun avhengig av strømmen som den leverer. For å When using direct current furnaces, as with electrolysis plants, dry rectifiers must be installed between the furnaces. and the secondary side of the furnace transformer. The transformer is equipped with tap changers, so that the voltage that suits the process and the furnace load can be obtained at all times. Within a certain voltage range, the size and price of rectifiers depends only on the current that it delivers. In order to
kunne oppnå samme last som ved en trefase vekselstrømsovn med tre topelektroder trenges det således et forholdsvis stort og dyrt elektrisk anlegg. Det er således tvilsomt om selv store likestrømsovner av nevnte type kan konkurrere økonomisk med trefase vekselstrømsovner og det har hittil ikke lykkes å konstruere, konkurransedyktige likestrøms-ovner. could achieve the same load as with a three-phase alternating current furnace with three top electrodes, a relatively large and expensive electrical installation is therefore needed. It is thus doubtful whether even large direct current furnaces of the aforementioned type can compete economically with three-phase alternating current furnaces and it has so far not succeeded in constructing competitive direct current furnaces.
Oppfinneren har nu imidlertid funnet en koblingsanordiing som gjør at spenning og ovnslast kan økes uten at prisen på elektrisk utstyr øker i tilsvarende grad. However, the inventor has now found a connection arrangement which means that voltage and furnace load can be increased without the price of electrical equipment increasing to a corresponding degree.
Ovnen, ifølge oppfinnelsen har ingen bunnelektrode, men er utstyrt The furnace according to the invention has no bottom electrode, but is equipped
med fire toppelektroder som er plassert i kvadratisk stilling og elektroctene er koblet "i serie slik at en elektrode innen hvert par virker som katode , mens den annen virker som anode. with four top electrodes that are placed in a square position and the electrodes are connected "in series so that one electrode within each pair acts as the cathode, while the other acts as the anode.
i in
Herved oppnås en meget god utnyttelse av ovnsarealet, og ved samme elektrodedirhensjon oppnås såvel fordoblet strømstyrke som fordoblet spenning sammenlignet med ovner med en toppelektrode og en bunnelektrode dvs. lasten blir fire ganger så stor som for en ovn med en topp- og en bunnelektrode. Ved hjelp av polvendere oppnås lik varme-utvikling i krateret og likt forbruk av elektrodene over lengere perioder. Det anvendes en polvender i skinnsystemet for hvert elektrodepar. Venderen består av et støpsel som virker som f orbindelsesledd, og polvending skjer når støpselet forskyves en halv skinnedeling på tvers av skinneretningen. Polvendingen kan eventuelt tilpasses tapperutinen. Ved hjelp av slik polvending oppnås som nevnt jevn forbruk av elektrodene. In this way, a very good utilization of the furnace area is achieved, and with the same electrode orientation, both doubled current strength and doubled voltage are achieved compared to furnaces with a top electrode and a bottom electrode, i.e. the load is four times as great as for a furnace with a top and a bottom electrode. With the help of pole reversers, equal heat generation in the crater and equal consumption of the electrodes over longer periods is achieved. A pole reverser is used in the rail system for each pair of electrodes. The reverser consists of a plug that acts as a connecting link, and pole reversal occurs when the plug is moved half a rail division across the direction of the rail. The pole reversal can possibly be adapted to the tapping routine. With the help of such polarity reversal, even consumption of the electrodes is achieved as mentioned.
Sammenlignet med en rund vekselstrømsovn med tre elektroder av ' samme dimensjoner vil ovnslasten kunne bli 4/3 ganger større ved anvendelse av HkestrørrBOvn med fire parvis seriekoblede toppelektroder. Hvis man anvender større elektroder i likestrømsovner, blir denne faktor enda større, idet strømfortregningen ved vekselstrøm øker betydelig Ved de største elektrode-diametre. Dette vil igjen si at elektrodene i en likestrørrsovn kan belastes med høyere strøm enn tilsvarende elektroder i vekselstrømsovner. Compared to a round alternating current furnace with three electrodes of the same dimensions, the furnace load could be 4/3 times greater when using a Hkestrørr furnace with four pairs of series-connected top electrodes. If larger electrodes are used in direct current furnaces, this factor becomes even greater, as the current displacement with alternating current increases significantly with the largest electrode diameters. This again means that the electrodes in a direct current furnace can be charged with a higher current than corresponding electrodes in alternating current furnaces.
Oppfinnelsen er skjematisk illustrert på vedlagte figur I og II hvor The invention is schematically illustrated in the attached figures I and II where
Fig. I viser et vertikalt snitt gjennom en rund ovn med fire toppelektroder mens Fig. I shows a vertical section through a round furnace with four top electrodes while
Fig. II viser et grunnriss av en ovn med strømtilførsel. Fig. II shows a floor plan of a furnace with power supply.
På figurene betegner 1 selve smelteovnen med chargen 2 og smeltebadet In the figures, 1 denotes the melting furnace itself with the charge 2 and the melting bath
3. 4 er elektrodene. Strømmen føres fra likeretteren 5 via samle-skinner 6 fremover til de to: skinnebunter 7 og videre til hvert sitt par elektroder, idet de to elektroder innen hvert par er koblet i serie. Fra de elektroder som utgjør anodene, passerer strømmen gjennom den mer eller mindre halvsmeltede charge 2 over til de elektroder som arbeider som katoder, idet mesteparten av strømmen går gjennom smeltebadet 3-Innen for hver skinnebunt 7 er installert en polvender 8 som kan være fjernstyrt. Man kan eventuelt etablere en viss syklus for polvendingen, således at fire forskjellige konstellasjoner av anoder og katoder oppnås i passende rekkefølge. 3. 4 are the electrodes. The current is led from the rectifier 5 via collector rails 6 forward to the two: rail bundles 7 and on to each pair of electrodes, the two electrodes within each pair being connected in series. From the electrodes that make up the anodes, the current passes through the more or less half-melted charge 2 over to the electrodes that work as cathodes, with most of the current going through the molten bath 3-Inside each rail bundle 7 is installed a pole reverser 8 that can be remotely controlled. One can possibly establish a certain cycle for the pole reversal, so that four different constellations of anodes and cathodes are achieved in a suitable order.
Ved de største vekselstrømsovner som bygges idag, er tapet på grunn av strømfortregning, hvirvelstrøn og hysteresis betydelig. Disse tap unngår man ved anvendelse av likestrøm. Det oppnås da en besparelse i strømforburket som etter rimelig tid vil oppveie de meromkostninger man får ved det elektriske anlegg. In the case of the largest alternating current furnaces built today, the loss due to current displacement, eddy currents and hysteresis is significant. These losses are avoided by using direct current. A saving is then achieved in the power consumption which, after a reasonable time, will offset the additional costs incurred by the electrical installation.
Den beste utnyttelse av likeretteren kan oppnås ved at man kobler to eller flere ovner i serie slik at et større like antall elektroder blir koblet i serie. The best utilization of the rectifier can be achieved by connecting two or more furnaces in series so that a larger equal number of electrodes are connected in series.
Claims (1)
Priority Applications (12)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NO773285A NO139796C (en) | 1977-09-26 | 1977-09-26 | DC DC OVEN. |
ZA784897A ZA784897B (en) | 1977-09-26 | 1978-08-28 | Direct current smelting furnace |
YU02094/78A YU209478A (en) | 1977-09-26 | 1978-09-04 | Dc fed furnace for electrochemical reduction |
FR7825795A FR2404186A1 (en) | 1977-09-26 | 1978-09-07 | Electrode arrangement for dc electrothermal furnaces - having four electrode arranged in a square with polarity changer connections |
SE7809783A SE434432B (en) | 1977-09-26 | 1978-09-18 | ELECTROTHERMIC REDUCTION OVEN OPERATED WITH DC |
MX174924A MX144969A (en) | 1977-09-26 | 1978-09-18 | IMPROVEMENTS IN DIRECT CURRENT ELECTROTHERMAL REDUCTION OVEN |
JP53114702A JPS582574B2 (en) | 1977-09-26 | 1978-09-20 | Direct current electric heating reduction furnace |
ES473538A ES473538A1 (en) | 1977-09-26 | 1978-09-21 | Electrically heating type reducing furnace by direct current |
BR7806278A BR7806278A (en) | 1977-09-26 | 1978-09-22 | ELECTRICAL-THERMAL REDUCTION OVEN |
DE19782841458 DE2841458A1 (en) | 1977-09-26 | 1978-09-23 | ELECTRODE ARRANGEMENT FOR DC-REDUCTION OVENS |
CA000312100A CA1120522A (en) | 1977-09-26 | 1978-09-26 | Direct current smelting furnace |
IN1092/CAL/78A IN150223B (en) | 1977-09-26 | 1978-10-05 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NO773285A NO139796C (en) | 1977-09-26 | 1977-09-26 | DC DC OVEN. |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NO773285L NO773285L (en) | 1979-01-29 |
NO139796B true NO139796B (en) | 1979-01-29 |
NO139796C NO139796C (en) | 1979-05-09 |
Family
ID=19883734
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NO773285A NO139796C (en) | 1977-09-26 | 1977-09-26 | DC DC OVEN. |
Country Status (12)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPS582574B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BR7806278A (en) |
CA (1) | CA1120522A (en) |
DE (1) | DE2841458A1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES473538A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2404186A1 (en) |
IN (1) | IN150223B (en) |
MX (1) | MX144969A (en) |
NO (1) | NO139796C (en) |
SE (1) | SE434432B (en) |
YU (1) | YU209478A (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA784897B (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH0648315B2 (en) * | 1987-09-16 | 1994-06-22 | 動力炉・核燃料開発事業団 | Thermal decomposition treatment equipment for radioactive waste |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE147582C (en) * | ||||
FR400655A (en) * | 1908-06-15 | 1909-08-04 | Charles Albert Keller | Control system for circuits feeding electric multi-electrode furnaces |
FR941145A (en) * | 1944-06-24 | 1949-01-03 | Electric liquid resistance furnace for smelting and refining metals, for making alloys, reducing minerals and for other similar purposes | |
US2958719A (en) * | 1958-09-18 | 1960-11-01 | Nat Res Corp | Production of metal |
DE1161042B (en) * | 1961-09-06 | 1964-01-09 | Duisburger Kupferhuette | Round three-phase electric furnace with a four-electrode system, in particular a reduction furnace for electrothermal zinc extraction |
AT285839B (en) * | 1969-02-03 | 1970-11-10 | Boehler & Co Ag Geb | Plant for electroslag remelting of metals, especially steels |
BG17932A1 (en) * | 1972-08-29 | 1974-03-05 |
-
1977
- 1977-09-26 NO NO773285A patent/NO139796C/en unknown
-
1978
- 1978-08-28 ZA ZA784897A patent/ZA784897B/en unknown
- 1978-09-04 YU YU02094/78A patent/YU209478A/en unknown
- 1978-09-07 FR FR7825795A patent/FR2404186A1/en active Granted
- 1978-09-18 SE SE7809783A patent/SE434432B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1978-09-18 MX MX174924A patent/MX144969A/en unknown
- 1978-09-20 JP JP53114702A patent/JPS582574B2/en not_active Expired
- 1978-09-21 ES ES473538A patent/ES473538A1/en not_active Expired
- 1978-09-22 BR BR7806278A patent/BR7806278A/en unknown
- 1978-09-23 DE DE19782841458 patent/DE2841458A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1978-09-26 CA CA000312100A patent/CA1120522A/en not_active Expired
- 1978-10-05 IN IN1092/CAL/78A patent/IN150223B/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NO773285L (en) | 1979-01-29 |
BR7806278A (en) | 1979-05-08 |
ES473538A1 (en) | 1979-04-01 |
FR2404186B1 (en) | 1983-11-25 |
SE7809783L (en) | 1979-03-27 |
CA1120522A (en) | 1982-03-23 |
YU209478A (en) | 1982-06-30 |
JPS582574B2 (en) | 1983-01-17 |
ZA784897B (en) | 1980-04-30 |
DE2841458A1 (en) | 1979-04-05 |
FR2404186A1 (en) | 1979-04-20 |
SE434432B (en) | 1984-07-23 |
MX144969A (en) | 1981-12-08 |
NO139796C (en) | 1979-05-09 |
IN150223B (en) | 1982-08-21 |
JPS5454906A (en) | 1979-05-01 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
NO150306B (en) | CLOSETING WITH A DEVICE FOR THE APPLICATION AND MOVING OF A HOSE SHAPE PROTECTIVE STRENGTH ON THE CLOSETING | |
FR2735624B1 (en) | CHARGER FOR ELECTRIC ENERGY ACCUMULATOR | |
CN103840685B (en) | The direct current electric arc furnace supply unit of the controlled polarity of three-phase | |
CN109000481B (en) | Variable direct current flows back to Lu Tiege gold ore deposit hot stove | |
NO139796B (en) | DC DC OVEN. | |
US4254298A (en) | Direct current smelting furnace | |
CN210469139U (en) | DC electric arc furnace power supply device with two controllable poles | |
US2959630A (en) | Electric arc reduction furnace | |
CN202246087U (en) | Opening device in silicon metal smelting process | |
CN209844550U (en) | Direct-current submerged arc furnace structure capable of eliminating uneven consumption of positive electrode and negative electrode | |
CN204705213U (en) | The energy-conservation heat transmitting furnace of medium-frequency induction of integral type Thyristors in series semi-bridge inversion resonance | |
JPH06194051A (en) | Electric furnace apparatus | |
CN208501117U (en) | A kind of novel electrolytic bath that electrolytic efficiency can be improved | |
CN111394539B (en) | DC control method and device for three-phase AC electric arc furnace | |
CN216282677U (en) | Low-current arc-uninterrupted arc furnace | |
CN211744046U (en) | Unattended star-delta power supply system of submerged arc electric furnace for ore smelting | |
CN217282229U (en) | Reactive power compensation device and rectification system | |
CN208835818U (en) | A kind of photovoltaic intelligent distribution system | |
RU2324281C1 (en) | Dc power supply unit for arc furnace (options thereof) | |
CN207410240U (en) | A kind of mounting structure for being used to be electrolysed electroplating power supply system and electrolytic cell | |
SU813628A1 (en) | Ac-to-dc voltage converter | |
Jarrett | Future Developments in the Bayer--Hall--Heroult Process | |
US3573189A (en) | Electrical bus bar grounding | |
SU873220A2 (en) | Automatic temperature regulation system | |
JP2940148B2 (en) | DC graphitization furnace electrical equipment |