NO138454B - PROCEDURES FOR ANTI-CORROSION TREATMENT OF ZIRCONIUM ALLOYS - Google Patents
PROCEDURES FOR ANTI-CORROSION TREATMENT OF ZIRCONIUM ALLOYS Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NO138454B NO138454B NO760851A NO760851A NO138454B NO 138454 B NO138454 B NO 138454B NO 760851 A NO760851 A NO 760851A NO 760851 A NO760851 A NO 760851A NO 138454 B NO138454 B NO 138454B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- plate
- temperature
- frequency
- heated
- speed
- Prior art date
Links
- 229910001093 Zr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000112 cooling gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012809 cooling fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007665 sagging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/16—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of other metals or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/18—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/186—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon of zirconium or alloys based thereon
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
- Preventing Corrosion Or Incrustation Of Metals (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Nonferrous Metals Or Alloys (AREA)
- General Induction Heating (AREA)
Abstract
Fremgangsmåte ved antikorrosjonsbehandling av zirkoniumlegeringer.Method of anti-corrosion treatment of zirconium alloys.
Description
Oppfinnelsen angår en fremgangsmåte ved antikorrosjonsbehandling av plater av en zirkoniumlegering som er beregnet for reaktorformål. The invention relates to a method for the anti-corrosion treatment of sheets of a zirconium alloy intended for reactor purposes.
Den efter en tid forekommende plastiske deformasjon av en hylse, såkalt siging, er bestemmende for levealderen for-en hylse av en zirkoniumlegering for en brenselpatron som anvendes i en kokende reaktor. Denne siging påskyndes hurtig på grunn av materialtap ved korrosjon. The plastic deformation of a sleeve that occurs over time, so-called sagging, determines the lifespan of a sleeve made of a zirconium alloy for a fuel cartridge used in a boiling reactor. This aging is rapidly accelerated due to material loss through corrosion.
Det er kjent at plater av Zircaloy som er blitt varmebe-handlet ved oppvarming til 900°C, er blitt undersøkt for å fast-slå korrosjon, og ved disse undersøkelser er forholdene i en kokende reaktor blitt efterlignet ifølge anbefalinger utgitt av American Society for Testing and Materials, og .den slutning kunne da trekkes at den angjeldende behandling hadde negativ innvirkning da korrosjonsmotstanden minsket med ca. 10%. Oppfinnelsen bygger imidlertid på undersøkelser av Zircaloy-plater som i en rekke år er blitt anvendt i en kokende reaktor som hele tiden er blitt holdt i drift. Det viste seg overraskende nok at den ovennevnte . varmebehandling i et autentisk reaktormiljø økte korrosjonsmotstanden 3 eller 4 ganger. It is known that plates of Zircaloy which have been heat-treated by heating to 900°C have been examined to determine corrosion, and in these examinations the conditions in a boiling reactor have been imitated according to recommendations published by the American Society for Testing and Materials, and the conclusion could then be drawn that the treatment in question had a negative impact as the corrosion resistance decreased by approx. 10%. However, the invention is based on investigations of Zircaloy plates which have been used for a number of years in a boiling reactor which has been continuously kept in operation. Surprisingly enough, it turned out that the above . heat treatment in an authentic reactor environment increased corrosion resistance 3 or 4 times.
Da Zircaloy oxyderes meget fort ved høy temperatur, er diet ved en slik antikorrosjonsbehandling nødvendig å utføre både oppvarming og avkjøling hurtig. Det bør fortrinnsvis tillates høyst 60 sekunder innen temperaturområdet over 500°C ved oppvarming, og derefter bør temperaturen umiddelbart kunne senkes med 200°C i løpet av høyst 60 sekunder. As Zircaloy oxidizes very quickly at high temperatures, with such an anti-corrosion treatment it is necessary to carry out both heating and cooling quickly. A maximum of 60 seconds should preferably be allowed within the temperature range above 500°C during heating, and then the temperature should be able to be immediately lowered by 200°C within a maximum of 60 seconds.
Oppfinnelsen angår således en fremgangsmåte ved antikorrosjonsbehandling av plater av en zirkoniumlegering som er beregnet for reaktorformål, og fremgangsmåten er særpreget ved at platene oppvarmes sonevis til en temperatur av minst 900°C mens temperatur-økningen fra 500°C og opp til denne temperatur tar høyst 60 sekunder, hvorefter hver oppvarmet sone straks underkastes en temperatursenkning av minst 200°C i løpet av høyst 60 sekunder. The invention thus relates to a method for the anti-corrosion treatment of plates made of a zirconium alloy intended for reactor purposes, and the method is characterized by the fact that the plates are heated in zones to a temperature of at least 900°C, while the temperature increase from 500°C and up to this temperature takes at most 60 seconds, after which each heated zone is immediately subjected to a temperature drop of at least 200°C within a maximum of 60 seconds.
Oppfinnelsen vil nedenfor bli beskrevet under henvisning til tegningen, The invention will be described below with reference to the drawing,
hvor where
Fig. 1 viser et vertikalsnitt gjennom et utstyr for utfør-else av en fremgangsmåte ifølge en første utførelsesform av oppfinnelsen. Ved denne utførelsesform anvendes intet kjølemiddel ved avkjøling av den oppvarmede Zircaloy-plate. Ifølge en annen utførelsesform av oppfinnelsen foretas avkjølingen med kjølégass som blåses mot Zircaloy-platen. Fig. 2 viser et vertikalsnitt gjennom et utstyr for ut-førelse av en fremgangsmåte ifølge denne utførelsesform av oppfinnelsen, og Fig. 1 shows a vertical section through an equipment for carrying out a method according to a first embodiment of the invention. In this embodiment, no coolant is used when cooling the heated Zircaloy plate. According to another embodiment of the invention, the cooling is carried out with cooling gas which is blown against the Zircaloy plate. Fig. 2 shows a vertical section through an equipment for carrying out a method according to this embodiment of the invention, and
Fig. 3 viser et fastslått strømningslinjebilde i form åv Fig. 3 shows a determined flow line image in the form of Fig
et snitt vinkelrett mot platens fremmatningsretning. Strømnings-linjebildetviser konveksjonen i nærheten av en horisontal plate med høy temperatur, f.eks. 900°C. Fig. 4 viser eri fastslått temperaturfordeling over platebredden ved avkjøling ifølge utførelsesformen som vist på fig. 2, dvs. uten anvendelse av en gassblåseanordning, og Fig. 5 viser strømningslinjebilder ved tvungen luftavkjøl-ing ifølge oppfinnelsen. a cut perpendicular to the plate's feed direction. The streamline image shows the convection near a horizontal plate of high temperature, e.g. 900°C. Fig. 4 shows the determined temperature distribution over the plate width during cooling according to the embodiment as shown in fig. 2, i.e. without the use of a gas blowing device, and Fig. 5 shows flow line images for forced air cooling according to the invention.
På Fig. 1 betegner 1 en 4 mm tykk valset plate av en zirkoniumlegering som selges under varemerket "Zircaloy"-4. In Fig. 1, 1 denotes a 4 mm thick rolled plate of a zirconium alloy sold under the trademark "Zircaloy"-4.
Platen føres ved hjelp av transportvalser 2 gjennom en spole 3 The plate is guided by means of transport rollers 2 through a coil 3
som er koblet til<e>?iøyfrekvensgenerator 4 med en frekvens som kan innstilles innen området 0,2-30 MHz. Valsene 2 kan drives med en omkretshastighet som er varierbar innen området 0,5-3 m/s. Før platen har passert spolen 3, har platematerialet bare a-struk-tur. Efter at spolen 3 er blitt passert, får plateskiktet 5 en såkalt Wiedmanståttenstruktur som gir en øket korrosjonsbe-standighet. I platetverrsnittets midtparti har derimot ingen vesentlig strukturendring funnet sted. Et visst overflateareal av platen 1 oppvarmes hvert øyeblikk på grunn av at en middel-effekt som er minst 1 kw/cm tilføres. Dette overflateareal har forholdsvis liten utstrekning i platens bevegelsesretning, which is connected to island frequency generator 4 with a frequency that can be set within the range 0.2-30 MHz. The rollers 2 can be driven at a peripheral speed which is variable within the range 0.5-3 m/s. Before the plate has passed the coil 3, the plate material only has an a-structure. After the coil 3 has been passed, the sheet layer 5 acquires a so-called Wiedmanståten structure, which provides increased corrosion resistance. In the middle part of the plate cross-section, however, no significant structural change has taken place. A certain surface area of the plate 1 is heated every moment due to the fact that an average power of at least 1 kw/cm is supplied. This surface area has a relatively small extent in the plate's direction of movement,
som regel under 3 cm, og helst under 1 cm. usually under 3 cm, and preferably under 1 cm.
Istedenfor den viste spole . 3 kan det anvendes en spole som er anordnet med den ene éndeoverf.late rettet mot båndets over-. eller underside. Instead of the coil shown. 3, a coil can be used which is arranged with one end surface directed towards the surface of the tape. or underside.
Ved induksjonsoppvarming, f.eks. som vist på tegningen, minsker inntrengningsdybden for den magnetiske flux med økende frekvens. Ved valg av høy frekvens og høy effekt oppvarmes bare et overflateskikt av Zircaloy-platen. Når platen derfor har passert induksjonssonen, fås en meget hurtig temperatursenkning i overflateskiktet på grunn av at overflatevarmen hurtig ledes nedad i platen, -og.det fås derfor ingen .oxydas jonsproblemer og ingen holdfasthetsnedsettende kornvekst. Avkjølingen er. meget jevn og gir ingen deformasjon av platen. Platen kan ifølge oppfinnelsen også gjennomvarmes slik.at det fås en strukturomvandling over hele tverrsnittet. Det kan da, selv ved anvendelse av et kjølefluidum, være vanskelig å avkjøle plateoverflaten tilstrek-kelig hurtig til at Zircaloy-platen ikke vil deformeres. En slik deformasjon unngås ved den ovennevnte annen utførelsesform av oppfinnelsen. På Fig. 4 er temperaturen avsatt langs ordinat-aksen og avstanden 1 fra den ene plåtekant til det angjeldende punkt langs abscisseaksen. Temperaturfordelingen over platens underside er antydet ved hjelp av kurven 18 og på oversiden ved hjelp av kurven 19. Det fremgår av kurvene at platens underside har en høyere temperatur enn oversiden og at platens kanter av-kjøles hurtigere enn midten av platen og derfor får en lavere temperatur. Dette fører til en sterk deformasjon av platen. In the case of induction heating, e.g. as shown in the drawing, the penetration depth of the magnetic flux decreases with increasing frequency. When selecting high frequency and high power, only a surface layer of the Zircaloy plate is heated. When the plate has therefore passed the induction zone, there is a very rapid temperature drop in the surface layer due to the fact that the surface heat is quickly conducted downwards in the plate, -and there are therefore no oxidation problems and no strength-reducing grain growth. The cooling is. very smooth and does not cause any deformation of the plate. According to the invention, the plate can also be heated through so that a structural transformation occurs over the entire cross-section. It can then, even when using a cooling fluid, be difficult to cool the plate surface fast enough so that the Zircaloy plate will not deform. Such a deformation is avoided by the above-mentioned other embodiment of the invention. In Fig. 4, the temperature is plotted along the ordinate axis and the distance 1 from one plate edge to the relevant point along the abscissa axis. The temperature distribution over the underside of the plate is indicated using curve 18 and on the upper side using curve 19. It is clear from the curves that the underside of the plate has a higher temperature than the upper side and that the edges of the plate cool faster than the center of the plate and therefore have a lower temperature. This leads to a strong deformation of the plate.
Ved tvungen luftavkjøling ifølge oppfinnelsen, som vist på fig.5, oppnås tilnærmet de ideelle forhold, hvor. tilsvarende teroperatur-kurver (ikke vist) har form av to rette, horisontale linjer med liten innbyrdes avstand. With forced air cooling according to the invention, as shown in Fig. 5, approximately the ideal conditions are achieved, where. corresponding teroperatur curves (not shown) have the form of two straight, horizontal lines with a small mutual distance.
På tegningen betegner 11 en plate av en zirkoniumlegering. Platen føres ved hjelp av transportvalser 12 gjennom en spalte In the drawing, 11 denotes a plate of a zirconium alloy. The plate is guided by means of transport rollers 12 through a slot
13 som er koblet til en høyfrekvensgenerator.14 med en frekvens innen området 1-1000 kHz. Valsene 12 kan drives med en omkretshastighet innen området 0,1-30 cm/s. Kjølegass ,fortrinnsvis en . inert gass, f.eks. argon, blåses på platene ved hjelp av ut-blåsningsbokser 16 og 17 som er forsynt med utblåsingsmunn-stykker som er vinkelrett rettet mot platen, og de mot platen vinkelrett rettede luftstrømmer har alle en bredde d som er 10- 13 which is connected to a high frequency generator. 14 with a frequency within the range 1-1000 kHz. The rollers 12 can be driven at a peripheral speed within the range of 0.1-30 cm/s. Refrigerant gas, preferably a . inert gas, e.g. argon, is blown onto the plates by means of blow-out boxes 16 and 17 which are provided with blow-out nozzles which are perpendicularly directed to the plate, and the air streams directed perpendicularly to the plate all have a width d which is 10-
80% av platebredden D og er anordnet med ca. halvparten av dysene på hver side av et tenkt vertikalplan gjennom platens midtlinje i fremføringsretningen. Valsene 12 er fortrinnsvis avkjølte ved hjelp av strømmende kjølevann eller en kjølegasstrøm som er rettet mot valseoverflaten. 80% of the plate width D and is arranged with approx. half of the nozzles on each side of an imaginary vertical plane through the center line of the plate in the direction of advance. The rolls 12 are preferably cooled by means of flowing cooling water or a cooling gas stream which is directed towards the roll surface.
Claims (6)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SE7502865A SE391952B (en) | 1975-03-14 | 1975-03-14 | USE OF A CIRCULAR PLATE NUCLEAR REACTOR WHICH IS ANTI-CORROSION TREATED |
SE7511523A SE394201B (en) | 1975-10-15 | 1975-10-15 | PROCEDURE FOR ANTI-CORROSION TREATMENT OF PLATE OF A ZIRCHONIUM ALLOY FOR REACTOR END |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NO760851L NO760851L (en) | 1976-09-15 |
NO138454B true NO138454B (en) | 1978-05-29 |
NO138454C NO138454C (en) | 1978-09-06 |
Family
ID=26656594
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NO760851A NO138454C (en) | 1975-03-14 | 1976-03-11 | PROCEDURES FOR ANTI-CORROSION TREATMENT OF ZIRCONIUM ALLOYS |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPS51116106A (en) |
DE (1) | DE2608824A1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK106376A (en) |
ES (1) | ES445976A1 (en) |
FI (1) | FI58518C (en) |
FR (1) | FR2303865A1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1537930A (en) |
IT (1) | IT1057731B (en) |
NL (1) | NL7602275A (en) |
NO (1) | NO138454C (en) |
Families Citing this family (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
SE420218B (en) * | 1978-08-22 | 1981-09-21 | Asea Atom Ab | DEVICE FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF A LONG-TERM PLATE |
US4294631A (en) * | 1978-12-22 | 1981-10-13 | General Electric Company | Surface corrosion inhibition of zirconium alloys by laser surface β-quenching |
US4279667A (en) * | 1978-12-22 | 1981-07-21 | General Electric Company | Zirconium alloys having an integral β-quenched corrosion-resistant surface region |
US4584030A (en) * | 1982-01-29 | 1986-04-22 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Zirconium alloy products and fabrication processes |
US4648912A (en) * | 1982-01-29 | 1987-03-10 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | High energy beam thermal processing of alpha zirconium alloys and the resulting articles |
US4576654A (en) * | 1982-04-15 | 1986-03-18 | General Electric Company | Heat treated tube |
JPS60165580A (en) * | 1984-02-08 | 1985-08-28 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Coated tube for reactor fuel and manufacture thereof |
US4717428A (en) * | 1985-08-02 | 1988-01-05 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Annealing of zirconium based articles by induction heating |
US4671826A (en) * | 1985-08-02 | 1987-06-09 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Method of processing tubing |
FR2673198B1 (en) * | 1991-02-22 | 1993-12-31 | Cezus Cie Europ Zirconium | PROCESS OF MANUFACTURING A STRIP OR SHEET IN ZIRCALOY 2 OR 4 AND PRODUCT OBTAINED. |
FR2688232B1 (en) * | 1992-03-04 | 1994-04-22 | Cezus Co Europ Zirconium | PROCESS FOR PRODUCING ZIRCONIUM TUBES FORMED FROM LAYERS OF DIFFERENT COMPOSITION. |
US5361282A (en) * | 1993-05-13 | 1994-11-01 | General Electric Company | Dimensionally stable and corrosion-resistant fuel channels and related method of manufacture |
US5305359A (en) * | 1993-05-13 | 1994-04-19 | General Electric Company | Dimensionally stable and corrosion-resistant fuel channels and related method of manufacture |
FR2711147B1 (en) * | 1993-10-11 | 1995-11-17 | Cezus Co Europ Zirconium | Method for manufacturing a flat zirconium alloy product comprising heating in the beta domain by infrared. |
FR2716897B1 (en) * | 1994-03-02 | 1996-04-05 | Cezus Co Europ Zirconium | A method of manufacturing a flat product of zirconium alloy or hafnium alloy comprising a further hot rolling after reheating by infrared and its uses. |
SE9601594D0 (en) * | 1996-04-26 | 1996-04-26 | Asea Atom Ab | Fuel boxes and a method for manufacturing fuel boxes |
FR2858332B1 (en) * | 2003-07-31 | 2005-10-28 | Cezus Co Europ Zirconium | METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A ZIRCONIUM ALLOY FLAT PRODUCT, FLAT PRODUCT THUS OBTAINED, AND COMPONENT FUEL ASSEMBLY ELEMENT FOR NUCLEAR POWER PLANT REACTOR PRODUCED FROM THE FLAT PRODUCT |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3847684A (en) * | 1973-09-20 | 1974-11-12 | Teledyne Wah Chang | Method of quenching zirconium and alloys thereof |
AU498717B2 (en) * | 1975-02-25 | 1979-03-22 | General Electric Company | Zirconium alloy heat treatment |
AU8675375A (en) * | 1975-02-25 | 1977-05-26 | Gen Electric | Zirconium alloy heat treatment process and product |
-
1976
- 1976-03-04 NL NL7602275A patent/NL7602275A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1976-03-04 DE DE19762608824 patent/DE2608824A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1976-03-11 JP JP51025668A patent/JPS51116106A/en active Pending
- 1976-03-11 NO NO760851A patent/NO138454C/en unknown
- 1976-03-11 FI FI760638A patent/FI58518C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1976-03-11 DK DK106376A patent/DK106376A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1976-03-11 ES ES445976A patent/ES445976A1/en not_active Expired
- 1976-03-12 GB GB9943/76A patent/GB1537930A/en not_active Expired
- 1976-03-12 FR FR7607128A patent/FR2303865A1/en active Granted
- 1976-03-12 IT IT67606/76A patent/IT1057731B/en active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FI58518C (en) | 1981-02-10 |
NO760851L (en) | 1976-09-15 |
FI760638A (en) | 1976-09-15 |
FI58518B (en) | 1980-10-31 |
DE2608824A1 (en) | 1976-09-23 |
JPS51116106A (en) | 1976-10-13 |
GB1537930A (en) | 1979-01-10 |
NL7602275A (en) | 1976-09-16 |
FR2303865A1 (en) | 1976-10-08 |
DK106376A (en) | 1976-09-15 |
FR2303865B1 (en) | 1979-08-10 |
NO138454C (en) | 1978-09-06 |
ES445976A1 (en) | 1977-10-16 |
IT1057731B (en) | 1982-03-30 |
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