NO136729B - - Google Patents
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- Publication number
- NO136729B NO136729B NO4292/73A NO429273A NO136729B NO 136729 B NO136729 B NO 136729B NO 4292/73 A NO4292/73 A NO 4292/73A NO 429273 A NO429273 A NO 429273A NO 136729 B NO136729 B NO 136729B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- aluminum
- hydrogen
- composite material
- metal
- oxide
- Prior art date
Links
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical group [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 61
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 57
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 35
- 150000005309 metal halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 35
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000005727 Friedel-Crafts reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910000039 hydrogen halide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000012433 hydrogen halide Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052809 inorganic oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 80
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 39
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 22
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 18
- NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutane Chemical compound CC(C)C NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 16
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 13
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 12
- -1 aluminum halides Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 10
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 238000006317 isomerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000001282 iso-butane Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 7
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000029936 alkylation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005804 alkylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl butane Natural products CCCC(C)C AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical class [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen bromide Chemical compound Br CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-2-ene Chemical compound CC=CC IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000859 sublimation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008022 sublimation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- BKOOMYPCSUNDGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbut-2-ene Chemical group CC=C(C)C BKOOMYPCSUNDGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001350 alkyl halides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical class [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OTIJDYHLLCTUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum oxygen(2-) platinum(2+) Chemical compound [Pt+2].[O-2].[Al+3] OTIJDYHLLCTUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229940045681 other alkylating agent in atc Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052566 spinel group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- HNRMPXKDFBEGFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dimethylbutane Chemical compound CCC(C)(C)C HNRMPXKDFBEGFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PFEOZHBOMNWTJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylpentane Chemical compound CCC(C)CC PFEOZHBOMNWTJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutene Chemical group CC(C)=C VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005909 Kieselgur Substances 0.000 description 2
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FDTUSPNGYPXVIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N [B+]=O.[O-2].[Al+3].[O-2] Chemical compound [B+]=O.[O-2].[Al+3].[O-2] FDTUSPNGYPXVIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- LWBPNIJBHRISSS-UHFFFAOYSA-L beryllium dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Be]Cl LWBPNIJBHRISSS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003776 cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- QWHNJUXXYKPLQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl cyclopentane Natural products CC1(C)CCCC1 QWHNJUXXYKPLQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XNMQEEKYCVKGBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylacetylene Natural products CC#CC XNMQEEKYCVKGBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylenetetramine Chemical compound C1N(C2)CN3CN1CN2C3 VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910000042 hydrogen bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 2
- QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopentane Chemical compound CCC(C)C QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UAEPNZWRGJTJPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylcyclohexane Chemical compound CC1CCCCC1 UAEPNZWRGJTJPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GDOPTJXRTPNYNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylcyclopentane Chemical compound CC1CCCC1 GDOPTJXRTPNYNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 description 2
- ZSUXOVNWDZTCFN-UHFFFAOYSA-L tin(ii) bromide Chemical compound Br[Sn]Br ZSUXOVNWDZTCFN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000006276 transfer reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- VNDYJBBGRKZCSX-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc bromide Chemical compound Br[Zn]Br VNDYJBBGRKZCSX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- TXUICONDJPYNPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N (1,10,13-trimethyl-3-oxo-4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl) heptanoate Chemical compound C1CC2CC(=O)C=C(C)C2(C)C2C1C1CCC(OC(=O)CCCCCC)C1(C)CC2 TXUICONDJPYNPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M (3-methylphenyl)methyl-triphenylphosphanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC1=CC=CC(C[P+](C=2C=CC=CC=2)(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- MPPPKRYCTPRNTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-bromobutane Chemical compound CCCCBr MPPPKRYCTPRNTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YZWKKMVJZFACSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-bromopentane Chemical compound CCCCCBr YZWKKMVJZFACSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CYNYIHKIEHGYOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-bromopropane Chemical compound CCCBr CYNYIHKIEHGYOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VFWCMGCRMGJXDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chlorobutane Chemical compound CCCCCl VFWCMGCRMGJXDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SQCZQTSHSZLZIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloropentane Chemical compound CCCCCCl SQCZQTSHSZLZIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IRPGOXJVTQTAAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropanal Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C=O IRPGOXJVTQTAAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- KLZUFWVZNOTSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-K Aluminum fluoride Inorganic materials F[Al](F)F KLZUFWVZNOTSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021578 Iron(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021626 Tin(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ZrO2 Inorganic materials O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CNGGOAOYPQGTLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[O-2].[Mg+2].[Al+3] Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Mg+2].[Al+3] CNGGOAOYPQGTLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012445 acidic reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- IHNDUGMUECOVKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum chromium(3+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Cr+3].[O-2].[Al+3] IHNDUGMUECOVKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;sodium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Na+].[Al+3] ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012501 ammonium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VMPVEPPRYRXYNP-UHFFFAOYSA-I antimony(5+);pentachloride Chemical compound Cl[Sb](Cl)(Cl)(Cl)Cl VMPVEPPRYRXYNP-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001570 bauxite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PBKYCFJFZMEFRS-UHFFFAOYSA-L beryllium bromide Chemical compound [Be+2].[Br-].[Br-] PBKYCFJFZMEFRS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001621 beryllium bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001627 beryllium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000423 chromium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006482 condensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001925 cycloalkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006900 dealkylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BUACSMWVFUNQET-UHFFFAOYSA-H dialuminum;trisulfate;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BUACSMWVFUNQET-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007323 disproportionation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- UPWPDUACHOATKO-UHFFFAOYSA-K gallium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ga](Cl)Cl UPWPDUACHOATKO-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009931 harmful effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AGIMJDFJHWOHBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxygen(2-) silicic acid Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2].O[Si](O)(O)O AGIMJDFJHWOHBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GYNNXHKOJHMOHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl-cycloheptane Natural products CC1CCCCCC1 GYNNXHKOJHMOHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SNMVRZFUUCLYTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-propyl chloride Chemical compound CCCCl SNMVRZFUUCLYTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- MUMZUERVLWJKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxoplatinum Chemical class [Pt]=O MUMZUERVLWJKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003057 platinum Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910003446 platinum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006462 rearrangement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001388 sodium aluminate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001119 stannous chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011150 stannous chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- PUGUQINMNYINPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 4-(2-chloroacetyl)piperazine-1-carboxylate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)N1CCN(C(=O)CCl)CC1 PUGUQINMNYINPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000003577 thiophenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- UBZYKBZMAMTNKW-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrabromide Chemical compound Br[Ti](Br)(Br)Br UBZYKBZMAMTNKW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)(Cl)Cl XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 230000004584 weight gain Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019786 weight gain Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940102001 zinc bromide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DUNKXUFBGCUVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-J zirconium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Zr](Cl)(Cl)Cl DUNKXUFBGCUVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S1/00—Beacons or beacon systems transmitting signals having a characteristic or characteristics capable of being detected by non-directional receivers and defining directions, positions, or position lines fixed relatively to the beacon transmitters; Receivers co-operating therewith
- G01S1/02—Beacons or beacon systems transmitting signals having a characteristic or characteristics capable of being detected by non-directional receivers and defining directions, positions, or position lines fixed relatively to the beacon transmitters; Receivers co-operating therewith using radio waves
- G01S1/08—Systems for determining direction or position line
- G01S1/20—Systems for determining direction or position line using a comparison of transit time of synchronised signals transmitted from non-directional antennas or antenna systems spaced apart, i.e. path-difference systems
- G01S1/24—Systems for determining direction or position line using a comparison of transit time of synchronised signals transmitted from non-directional antennas or antenna systems spaced apart, i.e. path-difference systems the synchronised signals being pulses or equivalent modulations on carrier waves and the transit times being compared by measuring the difference in arrival time of a significant part of the modulations, e.g. LORAN systems
- G01S1/245—Details of receivers cooperating therewith, e.g. determining positive zero crossing of third cycle in LORAN-C
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Position Fixing By Use Of Radio Waves (AREA)
- Networks Using Active Elements (AREA)
- Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US339182A US3921076A (en) | 1973-03-08 | 1973-03-08 | Method of and apparatus for locating predetermined portions of a radio-frequency pulse, particularly adapted for leading edge location of loran and similar navigational pulses |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NO136729B true NO136729B (it) | 1977-07-18 |
| NO136729C NO136729C (no) | 1977-10-26 |
Family
ID=23327862
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO4292/73A NO136729C (no) | 1973-03-08 | 1973-11-07 | Fremgangsm}te og apparat for lokalisering av en forutbestemt periode i en utsendt radiofrekvenspulsomhyllingskurve som overv}kes, s{rlig stigeflanken p} loran- og lignende navigasjonspulser |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3921076A (it) |
| JP (1) | JPS5318395B2 (it) |
| CA (1) | CA1002636A (it) |
| DE (1) | DE2405653C3 (it) |
| ES (2) | ES420800A1 (it) |
| GB (1) | GB1407320A (it) |
| IT (1) | IT1008069B (it) |
| NO (1) | NO136729C (it) |
Families Citing this family (37)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3995272A (en) * | 1975-03-10 | 1976-11-30 | The Singer Company | Signal conditioning circuit |
| DE2527857A1 (de) * | 1975-06-23 | 1977-01-13 | Blaupunkt Werke Gmbh | Decoder fuer frequenzmodulierte steuersignale |
| US4110557A (en) * | 1976-12-27 | 1978-08-29 | Sperry Rand Corporation | Phase lock oscillator for use in data processing system |
| JPS53123696A (en) * | 1977-04-04 | 1978-10-28 | Koden Electronics Co Ltd | Loral receiver cycle selector |
| JPS53135593A (en) * | 1977-04-30 | 1978-11-27 | Koden Electronics Co Ltd | Loral receiver cycle selector |
| USRE31962E (en) * | 1977-10-17 | 1985-07-30 | Sanders Associates, Inc. | LORAN-C navigation apparatus |
| CA1124820A (en) * | 1977-10-17 | 1982-06-01 | Lester R. Brodeur | Loran-c navigation apparatus |
| US4134117A (en) * | 1977-10-19 | 1979-01-09 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Loran C receiver |
| US4215239A (en) * | 1977-12-05 | 1980-07-29 | E-Systems, Inc. | Apparatus for the acquisition of a carrier frequency and symbol timing lock |
| US4300139A (en) * | 1978-08-28 | 1981-11-10 | Sanders Associates, Inc. | Loran-C navigation apparatus |
| US4328587A (en) * | 1979-02-19 | 1982-05-04 | Kokusai Denshin Denwa Kabushiki Kaisha | Phase slip detector and systems employing the detector |
| US4423419A (en) * | 1980-10-20 | 1983-12-27 | Megapulse Incorporated | Pulsed, pseudo random position fixing radio navigation method and system and the like |
| JPS5813046A (ja) * | 1981-07-17 | 1983-01-25 | Victor Co Of Japan Ltd | デ−タ読み取り回路 |
| JPS6339657Y2 (it) * | 1982-02-25 | 1988-10-18 | ||
| JPS631256Y2 (it) * | 1982-02-25 | 1988-01-13 | ||
| JPS60237380A (ja) * | 1984-05-11 | 1985-11-26 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | ロランｃ信号の位相追尾装置 |
| US4595927A (en) * | 1984-07-05 | 1986-06-17 | Motorola, Inc. | Loran C cycle slip reduction technique |
| US4743912A (en) * | 1985-06-24 | 1988-05-10 | Megapulse Inc. | Method of and apparatus for reducing cycle slippage errors in Loran-C and similar radio-frequency signal reception, particularly in vehicles undergoing acceleration |
| US4791422A (en) * | 1986-07-14 | 1988-12-13 | Megapulse Incorporated | Methods of and apparatus for measuring time of arrival of remote Loran-C and related signals and effective time of transmission of local signals at transmitter sites |
| US4812852A (en) * | 1987-02-20 | 1989-03-14 | Scientific Development Corporation | Locating system and method |
| US4789864A (en) * | 1987-04-22 | 1988-12-06 | Eaton Corporation | Low elevation guidance system |
| CA1320255C (en) * | 1987-11-03 | 1993-07-13 | Megapulse Incorporated | Method of and apparatus for message communication on loran-c navigational signal broadcasts and the like with reduced navigation errors and with reduced skywave navigation location errors |
| US4800391A (en) * | 1987-11-03 | 1989-01-24 | Megapulse, Inc. | Method of and apparatus for message communication on Loran-C navigational signal broadcasts and the like with reduced navigation errors |
| US4821038A (en) * | 1987-11-03 | 1989-04-11 | Megapulse Incorporated | Method of and apparatus for Loran-C message communication with reduced skywave navigation location errors and the like |
| US5121413A (en) * | 1990-03-05 | 1992-06-09 | Motorola, Inc. | Digital pulse processor for determining leading and trailing time-of-arrival |
| US5303262A (en) * | 1992-02-21 | 1994-04-12 | Hewlett-Packard Company | Method and apparatus for triggering measurements from a TDMA signal |
| US6765531B2 (en) | 1999-01-08 | 2004-07-20 | Trueposition, Inc. | System and method for interference cancellation in a location calculation, for use in a wireless location system |
| US6646604B2 (en) | 1999-01-08 | 2003-11-11 | Trueposition, Inc. | Automatic synchronous tuning of narrowband receivers of a wireless location system for voice/traffic channel tracking |
| US6873290B2 (en) * | 1999-01-08 | 2005-03-29 | Trueposition, Inc. | Multiple pass location processor |
| US7783299B2 (en) | 1999-01-08 | 2010-08-24 | Trueposition, Inc. | Advanced triggers for location-based service applications in a wireless location system |
| AU2051300A (en) | 1999-01-08 | 2000-07-24 | Trueposition, Inc. | Architecture for a signal collection system of a wireless location system |
| AU2359200A (en) * | 1999-01-08 | 2000-07-24 | Trueposition, Inc. | Location method for a wireless location system |
| US6334059B1 (en) | 1999-01-08 | 2001-12-25 | Trueposition, Inc. | Modified transmission method for improving accuracy for e-911 calls |
| US6184829B1 (en) | 1999-01-08 | 2001-02-06 | Trueposition, Inc. | Calibration for wireless location system |
| US6782264B2 (en) * | 1999-01-08 | 2004-08-24 | Trueposition, Inc. | Monitoring of call information in a wireless location system |
| US6463290B1 (en) | 1999-01-08 | 2002-10-08 | Trueposition, Inc. | Mobile-assisted network based techniques for improving accuracy of wireless location system |
| US8213957B2 (en) | 2009-04-22 | 2012-07-03 | Trueposition, Inc. | Network autonomous wireless location system |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3337723A (en) * | 1963-08-29 | 1967-08-22 | Lee M Etnyre | Integrating data converter to provide continuous representation of aircraft position |
| US3597539A (en) * | 1968-12-04 | 1971-08-03 | Itt | Frame synchronization system |
| US3594502A (en) * | 1968-12-04 | 1971-07-20 | Itt | A rapid frame synchronization system |
| US3812430A (en) * | 1971-08-11 | 1974-05-21 | Communications Satellite Corp | Tdma satellite communications system with improved acquisition |
| US3798378A (en) * | 1972-11-07 | 1974-03-19 | Itt | Frame synchronization system |
-
1973
- 1973-03-08 US US339182A patent/US3921076A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1973-10-31 CA CA184,683A patent/CA1002636A/en not_active Expired
- 1973-11-05 GB GB5123673A patent/GB1407320A/en not_active Expired
- 1973-11-07 NO NO4292/73A patent/NO136729C/no unknown
- 1973-11-21 IT IT53797/73A patent/IT1008069B/it active
- 1973-11-23 ES ES420800A patent/ES420800A1/es not_active Expired
- 1973-11-26 JP JP13253273A patent/JPS5318395B2/ja not_active Expired
-
1974
- 1974-02-04 DE DE2405653A patent/DE2405653C3/de not_active Expired
-
1976
- 1976-01-19 ES ES76444443A patent/ES444443A1/es not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| IT1008069B (it) | 1976-11-10 |
| CA1002636A (en) | 1976-12-28 |
| NO136729C (no) | 1977-10-26 |
| DE2405653A1 (de) | 1974-09-19 |
| ES420800A1 (es) | 1976-09-01 |
| DE2405653C3 (de) | 1978-11-02 |
| ES444443A1 (es) | 1977-05-16 |
| DE2405653B2 (de) | 1978-03-09 |
| US3921076A (en) | 1975-11-18 |
| GB1407320A (en) | 1975-09-24 |
| JPS49122688A (it) | 1974-11-22 |
| JPS5318395B2 (it) | 1978-06-14 |
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