NO136686B - - Google Patents

Download PDF

Info

Publication number
NO136686B
NO136686B NO1166/73A NO116673A NO136686B NO 136686 B NO136686 B NO 136686B NO 1166/73 A NO1166/73 A NO 1166/73A NO 116673 A NO116673 A NO 116673A NO 136686 B NO136686 B NO 136686B
Authority
NO
Norway
Prior art keywords
polymerization
formate
polyvinyl
solvents
vinyl
Prior art date
Application number
NO1166/73A
Other languages
Norwegian (no)
Other versions
NO136686C (en
Inventor
V Larsen
Original Assignee
Rex Lasefabrik A S
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Rex Lasefabrik A S filed Critical Rex Lasefabrik A S
Publication of NO136686B publication Critical patent/NO136686B/no
Publication of NO136686C publication Critical patent/NO136686C/en

Links

Classifications

    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05BLOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
    • E05B55/00Locks in which a sliding latch is used also as a locking bolt
    • E05B55/06Locks in which a sliding latch is used also as a locking bolt the handle being disconnected
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T70/00Locks
    • Y10T70/50Special application
    • Y10T70/5093For closures
    • Y10T70/5155Door
    • Y10T70/5199Swinging door
    • Y10T70/5372Locking latch bolts, biased
    • Y10T70/5385Spring projected
    • Y10T70/5389Manually operable
    • Y10T70/5496Freely movable external manipulator
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T70/00Locks
    • Y10T70/50Special application
    • Y10T70/5093For closures
    • Y10T70/5155Door
    • Y10T70/5199Swinging door
    • Y10T70/5372Locking latch bolts, biased
    • Y10T70/5385Spring projected
    • Y10T70/5389Manually operable
    • Y10T70/55Dogged bolt or connections

Description

Fremgangsmåte til å polymerisere vinylformiat. Process for polymerizing vinyl formate.

Foreliggende oppfinnelse angår en fremgangsmåte til polymerisering av vinylformiat. The present invention relates to a method for polymerizing vinyl formate.

Vinylformiat-polymerisater er uopp-løselige eller tungt oppløselige i de monomere og i mange organiske oppløsnings-midler under polymerisasj onens forløp, så at de erholdte polymerisater går over i makrogeler eller utskilles som bunnfall fra de monomere eller fra organiske oppløs-ningsmidler. Selv med massepolymerisering av vinylformiat observeres geldannelse-fenomener ved polymeriseringens be-gynnelse og det er i mange tilfelle vanske-lig å regulere polymeriseringshastigheten og polymerisatenes polymerisasjonsgrad. Vinyl formate polymers are insoluble or poorly soluble in the monomers and in many organic solvents during the course of the polymerization, so that the resulting polymers turn into macrogels or are separated as precipitates from the monomers or from organic solvents. Even with mass polymerization of vinyl formate, gel formation phenomena are observed at the beginning of the polymerization and it is in many cases difficult to regulate the rate of polymerization and the degree of polymerization of the polymers.

Det er nu funnet at alkylformiater er godt egnet som oppløsningsmidler ved polymerisering av vinylformiat. Alkylformiater er ikke alene noen av de få stoffer som er egnet som oppløsningsmidler for poly-vinyl-formiater, men er også bedre enn aceton og andre oppløsningsmidler for dette formål. Særlig ved polymerisering ved lave temperaturer hindrer alkylformiater som methylformiat at reaksjonsblandingen blir uensartet på grunn av utskillelse av polymerisatet. Som følge herav muliggjør anvendelse av sådanne formiater som opp-løsningsmidler utførelse av polymeriseringen på en kontinuerlig og lettvint måte. Alkylformiater har et lavt frysepunkt så at de kan anvendes ved romtemperatur og selv ved temperaturer som er lavere enn vinylformiatets frysepunkt (-=-57,6<0>C). It has now been found that alkyl formates are well suited as solvents in the polymerization of vinyl formate. Alkyl formates are not only some of the few substances that are suitable as solvents for polyvinyl formates, but are also better than acetone and other solvents for this purpose. Particularly during polymerization at low temperatures, alkyl formates such as methyl formate prevent the reaction mixture from becoming non-uniform due to separation of the polymer. As a result, the use of such formates as solvents enables the polymerization to be carried out in a continuous and easy manner. Alkyl formates have a low freezing point so they can be used at room temperature and even at temperatures lower than the vinyl formate's freezing point (-=-57.6<0>C).

Ved hjelp av foreliggende oppfinnelse skaffes der følgelig en fremgangsmåte til å utføre polymerisering av vinylformiat ved romtemperatur eller lavere temperaturer på en lettvint og kontinuerlig måte og slik at man får krystalliserbare polyvinyl-formiater som ved forsåpning gir i høy grad krystallinske polyvinylalkoholer med en høy polymerisasj onsgrad. With the help of the present invention, a method is consequently obtained for carrying out the polymerization of vinyl formate at room temperature or lower temperatures in an easy and continuous manner and so that one obtains crystallizable polyvinyl formates which upon saponification give highly crystalline polyvinyl alcohols with a high degree of polymerization .

Det karakteristiske trekk ved frem-gangsmåten består i at man som oppløs-ningsmiddel anvender et alkylformiat eller blandinger av dette med andre organiske oppløsningsmidler. The characteristic feature of the method is that an alkyl formate or mixtures thereof with other organic solvents are used as solvent.

Ved anvendelse av alkylformiater som oppløsningsmidler ved sådanne polymeriseringer og ved koking av vinylformiat og alkylformiater under forminsket trykk, lar polymeriseringen av sådanne formiater seg utføre på en meget bekvem måte. Når det ønskes å skille polymerisatene fra reaksjonsblandingen og derpå forsåpe dem for å få polyvinylalkoholer, tilsettes reaksjonsblandingen dioxan, aceton eller andre oppløsningsmidler, eller den helles i methanol eller andre felningsmidler, hvorpå de monomere og alkylformiater lett lar seg fraskille ved destillasjon under forminsket trykk. By using alkyl formates as solvents in such polymerizations and by boiling vinyl formate and alkyl formates under reduced pressure, the polymerization of such formates can be carried out in a very convenient manner. When it is desired to separate the polymers from the reaction mixture and then saponify them to obtain polyvinyl alcohols, dioxane, acetone or other solvents are added to the reaction mixture, or it is poured into methanol or other precipitation agents, after which the monomers and alkyl formates can easily be separated by distillation under reduced pressure.

Alkylformiater har en liten kjedeover-føringskonstant så at polymerisater med høy polymerisasj onsgrad lett kan fåes ved anvendelse av store mengder alkylformiater som oppløsningsmidler, særlig når polymeriseringen utføres kontinuerlig. Når det ønskes å få polymerisater med lav polymerisasj onsgrad kan polymerisasj ons-graden lett reguleres ved tilsetning av dioxan, aceton eller andre oppløsningsmid-ler til alkylformiatene. Alkyl formates have a small chain transfer constant so that polymers with a high degree of polymerization can easily be obtained by using large amounts of alkyl formates as solvents, especially when the polymerization is carried out continuously. When it is desired to obtain polymers with a low degree of polymerization, the degree of polymerization can be easily regulated by adding dioxane, acetone or other solvents to the alkyl formates.

En ytterligere fordel ved anvendelsen av alkylformiater som oppløsningsmiddel ved polymerisering av vinylformiat er at man får polymerisater med bedre egenskaper enn dem man får ved anvendelse av andre oppløsningsmidler. A further advantage of the use of alkyl formates as a solvent in the polymerization of vinyl formate is that polymers with better properties are obtained than those obtained when other solvents are used.

Vinylformiat har følgende karakteristiske egenskaper: (1) carbonyl-streknings-vibreringen av formylgruppen i vinylformiat endres heni-mot lavere frekvenser i de elektrongivende medier. (2) de delvis formylerte polyvinylalkoholer har en tyngre oppløselighet og en mindre evne til å svelle i vann, samt en større Hyggins' konstant (K') i vandige oppløsninger, i sammenligning med delvis acetylerte polyvinylalkoholer som har samme substitusj onsgrad. (3) resultatene av målinger av tempe-ratura vhengigheten av mengden av 1,2-glykol i polyvinylalkoholer, erholdt fra massepolymerisater av vinylformiat og av vinylacetat, viser at den mengde 1,2-glykol i polyvinylalkoholer som erholdes fra polyvinylformiat er mindre enn den mengde polyvinylalkohol som fåes fra po-lyvinylacetat, og at avhengigheten av temperaturen er større for den førstnevnte enn for den sistnevnte. Dette skyldes den kjennsgjerning at forskjellen i aktiverings - energien mellom normal 1,3-addisjon og 1,2-addisjon under forløpet av polymeriseringen av vinylformiat er større enn for vinylacetat. Denne kjennsgjerning kan forklares ved å anta at formylgruppene i vinylformiat har en sterk gjensidig virkning så at polymeriseringen foregår under opp-rettholdelse av den molekylære assosiasjon og at der ved polymerisering av vinylformiat i oppløsning er oppløsningsmidler som opprettholder eller ikke opprettholder denne molekylære assosiasjon. Vinyl formate has the following characteristic properties: (1) the carbonyl stretching vibration of the formyl group in vinyl formate changes to lower frequencies in the electron donating media. (2) the partially formylated polyvinyl alcohols have a heavier solubility and a lower ability to swell in water, as well as a larger Higgins' constant (K') in aqueous solutions, in comparison with partially acetylated polyvinyl alcohols that have the same degree of substitution. (3) the results of measurements of the temperature dependence of the amount of 1,2-glycol in polyvinyl alcohols, obtained from mass polymers of vinyl formate and of vinyl acetate, show that the amount of 1,2-glycol in polyvinyl alcohols obtained from polyvinyl formate is less than the amount of polyvinyl alcohol obtained from polyvinyl acetate, and that the dependence on temperature is greater for the former than for the latter. This is due to the fact that the difference in activation energy between normal 1,3-addition and 1,2-addition during the course of the polymerization of vinyl formate is greater than for vinyl acetate. This fact can be explained by assuming that the formyl groups in vinyl formate have a strong mutual effect so that the polymerization takes place while maintaining the molecular association and that during the polymerization of vinyl formate in solution there are solvents which maintain or do not maintain this molecular association.

Film av polyvinylalkoholer erholdt ved polymerisering av vinylformiat med påføl-gende forsåpning av polyvinylformiatet, og under anvendelse av alkylformiater som oppløsningsmiddel under polymeriseringen, har en svellegrad i vann som er mindre enn for film erholdt under anvendelse av andre estere som oppløsningsmidler under polymeriseringen. Denne forskjell i svellegraden vil fremgå nærmere av ut-førelseseksemplene i det følgende. Film of polyvinyl alcohols obtained by polymerization of vinyl formate with subsequent saponification of the polyvinyl formate, and using alkyl formates as solvent during the polymerization, has a degree of swelling in water that is less than for film obtained using other esters as solvents during the polymerization. This difference in the degree of swelling will appear in more detail from the design examples below.

Den kjennsgjerning at polymeriseringen kan utføres uten å gjøre det erholdte polyvinylformiats struktur uregelmessig, er en karakteristisk egenskap hos alkylformiater. The fact that the polymerization can be carried out without making the structure of the polyvinyl formate obtained irregular is a characteristic property of alkyl formates.

I det følgende beskrives som eksempler noen utførelsesformer for oppfinnelsen. In the following, some embodiments of the invention are described as examples.

Eksempel 1. Example 1.

En polymeriserbar væske med følgende sammensetning ble polymerisert ved 30° C i 10 timer i nitrogenatmosfære og i en lukket reaksjonssone: A polymerizable liquid with the following composition was polymerized at 30°C for 10 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere and in a closed reaction zone:

Vinylformiat med kokepunkt 46—46,6° C ble anvendt som monomer. Det erholdte polymerisat ble skilt fra væsken ved anvendelse av hydrokinon i aceton som po-lymeriseringsinhibitor og methanol som felningsmiddel. En oppløsning i aceton av det således utskilte polyvinylformiat ble tilsatt til vandig methanol som inneholdt 1 N natriumhydroxydoppløsning og forsåpet ved romtemperatur, hvorved man fikk en polyvinylalkohol. Vinyl formate with a boiling point of 46-46.6° C was used as monomer. The resulting polymer was separated from the liquid using hydroquinone in acetone as a polymerization inhibitor and methanol as a precipitating agent. A solution in acetone of the thus separated polyvinyl formate was added to aqueous methanol containing 1 N sodium hydroxide solution and saponified at room temperature, whereby a polyvinyl alcohol was obtained.

Eksempel 2. Example 2.

Der ble anvendt en væske med følgende A liquid with the following was used

sammensetning: composition:

Denne væske ble i en lukket reaksjonssone og i nitrogenatmosfære polymerisert ved 60° C i 24 timer. Geldannelse under polymeriseringens forløp ble forhindret ved nærværet av methylformiat. This liquid was polymerized in a closed reaction zone and in a nitrogen atmosphere at 60° C. for 24 hours. Gel formation during the course of the polymerization was prevented by the presence of methyl formate.

Eksempel 3. Example 3.

Selv ved temperaturer så lave som —40° C foregår polymeriseringen jevnt ved tilsetning av methylformiat. Even at temperatures as low as -40° C, the polymerization takes place evenly when methyl formate is added.

Der ble tilsatt triethyl-bor til en blanding av vinylformiat og methylformiat. Et rør som inneholdt denne blanding ble til-lukket i tørr luft og temperaturen ble holdt på —40° C, hvorved polymeriseringen fore-gikk. Den ble avbrutt ved tilsetning av en oppløsning av meta-dinitrobenzen i aceton. Polymerisatet ble utfelt ved tilsetning av methanol og isolert. Triethyl boron was added to a mixture of vinyl formate and methyl formate. A tube containing this mixture was sealed in dry air and the temperature was maintained at -40° C., whereby the polymerization took place. It was quenched by the addition of a solution of meta-dinitrobenzene in acetone. The polymer was precipitated by the addition of methanol and isolated.

Som utgangsmateriale ble der anvendt en væske med følgende sammensetning: A liquid with the following composition was used as starting material:

Eksempel 4. Example 4.

Som utgangsmateriale ble anvendt den samme væske som i eksempel 3. Der ble polymerisert ved 0° C i 20 timer. Etter at polymeriseringen var fullført ble der tilsatt en oppløsning av m-dinitrobenzen i dioxan til polymerisatet for å deaktivere katalysatoren! Derpå ble ikke reagert monomer og metylformiat oppsamlet ved 0° C under et forminsket trykk på 10—300 mm Hg. The same liquid as in example 3 was used as starting material. Polymerization was carried out at 0° C. for 20 hours. After the polymerization was complete, a solution of m-dinitrobenzene in dioxane was added to the polymer to deactivate the catalyst! The unreacted monomer and methyl formate were then collected at 0° C. under a reduced pressure of 10-300 mm Hg.

Den således erholdte oppløsning av polyvinylformiat i dioxan ble utsatt for The thus obtained solution of polyvinyl formate in dioxane was exposed to

forminsket trykk ved romtemperatur for å fjerne tilbakeværende monomer samt methylformiat. En 1 N oppløsning av na-triumhydroxyd i vandig dioxan ble tilsatt til det således erholdte polyvinylformiat for å forsåpe dette, hvorved man fikk polyvinylalkohol. Omsetningen var ca. 21 pst. og den erholdte polyvinylalkohols polymerisasj onsgrad var 850. reduced pressure at room temperature to remove residual monomer and methyl formate. A 1 N solution of sodium hydroxide in aqueous dioxane was added to the polyvinyl formate thus obtained to saponify it, whereby polyvinyl alcohol was obtained. The turnover was approx. 21 per cent and the degree of polymerization of the obtained polyvinyl alcohol was 850.

Monomere sammen med methylformiat kan ganske enkelt oppsamles under forminsket trykk, så at man etter at polymeriseringen er fullført, kan tilsette alko-holer som methanol, dioxan, ketoner som aceton og så videre, hydrocarbon-halogen-ider og ethere til polyvinylformiatet for å fjerne monomere og oppløsningsmidler under atmosfæretrykk eller forminsket trykk. Man får da rent polyvinylformiat i form av en oppløsning eller som et bunnfall. Monomers together with methyl formate can simply be collected under reduced pressure, so that after the polymerization is complete, alcohols such as methanol, dioxane, ketones such as acetone and so on, hydrocarbon halides and ethers can be added to the polyvinyl formate to remove monomers and solvents under atmospheric pressure or reduced pressure. Pure polyvinyl formate is then obtained in the form of a solution or as a precipitate.

Eksempel 5. Example 5.

I nedenstående tabell er oppført innholdet av 1,2-glykol samt svellegraden i vann ved 30° C for polyvinylalkoholer for hvilke utgangsmaterialet er polyvinylformiat erholdt ved massepolymerisering eller ved polymerisering i oppløsning under anvendelse av et oppløsningsmiddel ifølge oppfinnelsen, henholdsvis andre oppløs-ningsmidler. Alle polymeriseringer ble ut-ført ved 30° C. The table below lists the content of 1,2-glycol and the degree of swelling in water at 30° C for polyvinyl alcohols for which the starting material is polyvinyl formate obtained by mass polymerization or by polymerization in solution using a solvent according to the invention, respectively other solvents. All polymerizations were carried out at 30°C.

Av denne tabell fremgår det at svellegraden samt innholdet av 1,2-glykol i polyvinylalkohol ved anvendelse av methylformiat som oppløsningsmiddel er prak-tisk talt det samme som ved massepolymerisering. From this table it appears that the degree of swelling and the content of 1,2-glycol in polyvinyl alcohol when methyl formate is used as solvent is practically the same as with mass polymerization.

Videre viser tabellen at polyvinylalkoholer som er erholdt ved anvendelse av tertiær butanol, dimethylsulfoxyd osv. som oppløsningsmidler (med en sterk polari-tet som polymeriseringsmedium) at innholdet av 1,2-glykol samt svellegraden er større enn for polyvinylalkoholer erholdt ved anvendelse av methylformiat som polymeriseringsmedium. Furthermore, the table shows that polyvinyl alcohols obtained by using tertiary butanol, dimethylsulfoxide etc. as solvents (with a strong polarity as polymerization medium) that the content of 1,2-glycol and the degree of swelling are greater than for polyvinyl alcohols obtained by using methyl formate which polymerization medium.

Dette kan forklares derved at gjensidig virkning av formylgruppene i vinylformiat opprettholdes i regulær molekylær assosiasjon ved polymerisering i masse eller i et medium bestående av methylformiat, mens denne molekylære assosiasjon blir uregelmessig i dimethylsulfoxyd og i tertiær butanol. This can be explained by the fact that mutual action of the formyl groups in vinyl formate is maintained in regular molecular association by polymerization in bulk or in a medium consisting of methyl formate, while this molecular association becomes irregular in dimethylsulfoxide and in tertiary butanol.

Eksempel 6. Example 6.

En blanding av 100 deler vinylformiat og 42,9 deler ethylformiat tilsatt 0,001 del 2,2'-azo-bis-isobutyronitril ble i nitrogenatmosfære innelukket i et rør og polymerisert ved 60° C i 2 timer. Under polymeri-seringsreaksjonen fant der ikke sted noen geldannelse. Omsetningen ved polymeriseringen var 86,4 pst. Det erholdte polyvinylformiat ble forsåpet til polyvinylalkohol som viste en polymerisasj onsgrad på 1720. A mixture of 100 parts of vinyl formate and 42.9 parts of ethyl formate added to 0.001 part of 2,2'-azo-bis-isobutyronitrile was enclosed in a nitrogen atmosphere in a tube and polymerized at 60° C. for 2 hours. No gel formation took place during the polymerization reaction. The turnover during the polymerization was 86.4 per cent. The polyvinyl formate obtained was saponified into polyvinyl alcohol, which showed a degree of polymerization of 1720.

Claims (1)

Fremgangsmåte til polymerisering av vinylformiat i et organisk oppløsningsmid-del, karakterisert ved at man som oppløsningsmiddel anvender et alkylformiat eller en blanding av dette og andre organiske oppløsningsmidler.Process for polymerizing vinyl formate in an organic solvent, characterized in that an alkyl formate or a mixture of this and other organic solvents is used as solvent.
NO1166/73A 1972-03-22 1973-03-21 CLINK} S FOR DOORS. NO136686C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DK135072AA DK134722B (en) 1972-03-22 1972-03-22 Zipper for doors.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
NO136686B true NO136686B (en) 1977-07-11
NO136686C NO136686C (en) 1977-10-19

Family

ID=8103884

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
NO1166/73A NO136686C (en) 1972-03-22 1973-03-21 CLINK} S FOR DOORS.

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US3807203A (en)
BE (1) BE797140A (en)
DE (1) DE2314390A1 (en)
DK (1) DK134722B (en)
FR (1) FR2177379A5 (en)
GB (1) GB1402701A (en)
NL (1) NL7304057A (en)
NO (1) NO136686C (en)
SE (1) SE389709B (en)

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1570104A (en) * 1977-01-24 1980-06-25 Chubb & Sons Lock & Safe Co Key-operated locks
US4146256A (en) * 1978-01-06 1979-03-27 Ellcon-National, Inc. Closure latch assembly
US4312202A (en) * 1979-12-28 1982-01-26 The Eastern Company Paddle lock with bolt-carried handle disconnect member
JPS6141762U (en) * 1984-08-21 1986-03-17 俊彦 山下 lock
GB2173538A (en) * 1985-03-15 1986-10-15 Regent Lock Co Ltd A lockable handle apparatus
DE19649444C2 (en) * 1996-11-28 1999-07-15 Sphinx Elektronik Gmbh Lock
US8465062B2 (en) 2007-08-20 2013-06-18 The Eastern Company Armored vehicle door hardware providing access, egress, rescue and security
ES2929326T3 (en) * 2020-04-06 2022-11-28 Uhlmann & Zacher Gmbh closing module

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US49481A (en) * 1865-08-15 Improvement in locks
US547007A (en) * 1895-10-01 Half to robert a
US67140A (en) * 1867-07-23 Balthasar seegmuller
US703506A (en) * 1901-04-13 1902-07-01 Andres F Wahlberg Lock.
US1879350A (en) * 1931-08-06 1932-09-27 Leeb Frank Lock

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE797140A (en) 1973-07-16
DK134722B (en) 1977-01-03
US3807203A (en) 1974-04-30
GB1402701A (en) 1975-08-13
DK134722C (en) 1977-05-31
NL7304057A (en) 1973-09-25
DE2314390A1 (en) 1973-09-27
SE389709B (en) 1976-11-15
FR2177379A5 (en) 1973-11-02
NO136686C (en) 1977-10-19

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US3560456A (en) Process of forming copolymers of maleic anhydride and an aliphatic olefin having from 16 to 18 carbon atoms
US3553177A (en) Process of forming copolymers of maleic anhydride and an aliphatic olefin having at least 30 carbon atoms
US3560455A (en) Process of forming copolymers of maleic anhydride and an aliphatic olefin having from 20 to 30 carbon atoms
US3510464A (en) Process for the preparation of saponified homopolymers of vinyl acetate and copolymers and vinyl acetate
NO136686B (en)
Nozakura et al. Stereoregulation in the radical polymerization of vinyl esters
US2478154A (en) Polymeric aldehyde diesters and production thereof
JPH0368604A (en) New polyvinyl alcohol polymer and preparation thereof
US2834759A (en) Water soluble copolymers of vinyl acetate and allyl sulfonic acid salts and process for producing same
US3080350A (en) Preparation of polyvinyl alcohol
US2943077A (en) Copolymers of ethylene and sulfur dioxide
US2616879A (en) Production of polymerized vinyl alkyl ethers
Jones Graft copolymers of styrene and methyl methacrylate: Part I: Synthesis
Pablo‐Morales et al. Toward Bio‐Sourced Elastomers with Reactive/Polar Groups. Myrcene–Glycidyl Methacrylate Copolymerization: Reactivity Ratios, Properties, and Preliminary RAFT Emulsion Polymerization
US3111508A (en) Preparation of polyvinyl esters and polyvinyl alcohol
CA2192696A1 (en) Process for preparing poly(vinyl trifluoroacetate) and poly(vinyl trifluoroacetate/vinyl ester) copolymers in supercritical co2
JP2843403B2 (en) Novel polyvinyl alcohol polymer and method for producing polyvinyl alcohol polymer
US3268496A (en) Continuous process for the polymerization of vinyl acetate in hydrocarbons
US3435017A (en) Isotactic polymers of butene-1
US3211712A (en) Production of polyvinyl acetate and polyvinyl alcohol
US3134758A (en) Vinyl esters and derivatives thereof and process of preparing same
US3081282A (en) Novel polymers and their preparation
JPS5810414B2 (en) Propylene - ethylene block copolymer
US3115485A (en) Process for the manufacture of copolymers
US3222338A (en) Method of producing polyvinyl formate of high crystallinity