NO136686B - - Google Patents
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- NO136686B NO136686B NO1166/73A NO116673A NO136686B NO 136686 B NO136686 B NO 136686B NO 1166/73 A NO1166/73 A NO 1166/73A NO 116673 A NO116673 A NO 116673A NO 136686 B NO136686 B NO 136686B
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- Prior art keywords
- polymerization
- formate
- polyvinyl
- solvents
- vinyl
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- GFJVXXWOPWLRNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl formate Chemical compound C=COC=O GFJVXXWOPWLRNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- -1 alkyl formate Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 39
- TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl formate Chemical compound COC=O TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 16
- 235000019422 polyvinyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 description 16
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 12
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 12
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M Formate Chemical compound [O-]C=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 10
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 8
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 5
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000004675 formic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012662 bulk polymerization Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000002485 formyl group Chemical group [H]C(*)=O 0.000 description 3
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WDCYWAQPCXBPJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dinitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1 WDCYWAQPCXBPJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyanopropan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butanol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007127 saponification reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011925 1,2-addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WBJINCZRORDGAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N formic acid ethyl ester Natural products CCOC=O WBJINCZRORDGAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- LALRXNPLTWZJIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylborane Chemical compound CCB(CC)CC LALRXNPLTWZJIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05B—LOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
- E05B55/00—Locks in which a sliding latch is used also as a locking bolt
- E05B55/06—Locks in which a sliding latch is used also as a locking bolt the handle being disconnected
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T70/00—Locks
- Y10T70/50—Special application
- Y10T70/5093—For closures
- Y10T70/5155—Door
- Y10T70/5199—Swinging door
- Y10T70/5372—Locking latch bolts, biased
- Y10T70/5385—Spring projected
- Y10T70/5389—Manually operable
- Y10T70/5496—Freely movable external manipulator
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T70/00—Locks
- Y10T70/50—Special application
- Y10T70/5093—For closures
- Y10T70/5155—Door
- Y10T70/5199—Swinging door
- Y10T70/5372—Locking latch bolts, biased
- Y10T70/5385—Spring projected
- Y10T70/5389—Manually operable
- Y10T70/55—Dogged bolt or connections
Description
Fremgangsmåte til å polymerisere vinylformiat. Process for polymerizing vinyl formate.
Foreliggende oppfinnelse angår en fremgangsmåte til polymerisering av vinylformiat. The present invention relates to a method for polymerizing vinyl formate.
Vinylformiat-polymerisater er uopp-løselige eller tungt oppløselige i de monomere og i mange organiske oppløsnings-midler under polymerisasj onens forløp, så at de erholdte polymerisater går over i makrogeler eller utskilles som bunnfall fra de monomere eller fra organiske oppløs-ningsmidler. Selv med massepolymerisering av vinylformiat observeres geldannelse-fenomener ved polymeriseringens be-gynnelse og det er i mange tilfelle vanske-lig å regulere polymeriseringshastigheten og polymerisatenes polymerisasjonsgrad. Vinyl formate polymers are insoluble or poorly soluble in the monomers and in many organic solvents during the course of the polymerization, so that the resulting polymers turn into macrogels or are separated as precipitates from the monomers or from organic solvents. Even with mass polymerization of vinyl formate, gel formation phenomena are observed at the beginning of the polymerization and it is in many cases difficult to regulate the rate of polymerization and the degree of polymerization of the polymers.
Det er nu funnet at alkylformiater er godt egnet som oppløsningsmidler ved polymerisering av vinylformiat. Alkylformiater er ikke alene noen av de få stoffer som er egnet som oppløsningsmidler for poly-vinyl-formiater, men er også bedre enn aceton og andre oppløsningsmidler for dette formål. Særlig ved polymerisering ved lave temperaturer hindrer alkylformiater som methylformiat at reaksjonsblandingen blir uensartet på grunn av utskillelse av polymerisatet. Som følge herav muliggjør anvendelse av sådanne formiater som opp-løsningsmidler utførelse av polymeriseringen på en kontinuerlig og lettvint måte. Alkylformiater har et lavt frysepunkt så at de kan anvendes ved romtemperatur og selv ved temperaturer som er lavere enn vinylformiatets frysepunkt (-=-57,6<0>C). It has now been found that alkyl formates are well suited as solvents in the polymerization of vinyl formate. Alkyl formates are not only some of the few substances that are suitable as solvents for polyvinyl formates, but are also better than acetone and other solvents for this purpose. Particularly during polymerization at low temperatures, alkyl formates such as methyl formate prevent the reaction mixture from becoming non-uniform due to separation of the polymer. As a result, the use of such formates as solvents enables the polymerization to be carried out in a continuous and easy manner. Alkyl formates have a low freezing point so they can be used at room temperature and even at temperatures lower than the vinyl formate's freezing point (-=-57.6<0>C).
Ved hjelp av foreliggende oppfinnelse skaffes der følgelig en fremgangsmåte til å utføre polymerisering av vinylformiat ved romtemperatur eller lavere temperaturer på en lettvint og kontinuerlig måte og slik at man får krystalliserbare polyvinyl-formiater som ved forsåpning gir i høy grad krystallinske polyvinylalkoholer med en høy polymerisasj onsgrad. With the help of the present invention, a method is consequently obtained for carrying out the polymerization of vinyl formate at room temperature or lower temperatures in an easy and continuous manner and so that one obtains crystallizable polyvinyl formates which upon saponification give highly crystalline polyvinyl alcohols with a high degree of polymerization .
Det karakteristiske trekk ved frem-gangsmåten består i at man som oppløs-ningsmiddel anvender et alkylformiat eller blandinger av dette med andre organiske oppløsningsmidler. The characteristic feature of the method is that an alkyl formate or mixtures thereof with other organic solvents are used as solvent.
Ved anvendelse av alkylformiater som oppløsningsmidler ved sådanne polymeriseringer og ved koking av vinylformiat og alkylformiater under forminsket trykk, lar polymeriseringen av sådanne formiater seg utføre på en meget bekvem måte. Når det ønskes å skille polymerisatene fra reaksjonsblandingen og derpå forsåpe dem for å få polyvinylalkoholer, tilsettes reaksjonsblandingen dioxan, aceton eller andre oppløsningsmidler, eller den helles i methanol eller andre felningsmidler, hvorpå de monomere og alkylformiater lett lar seg fraskille ved destillasjon under forminsket trykk. By using alkyl formates as solvents in such polymerizations and by boiling vinyl formate and alkyl formates under reduced pressure, the polymerization of such formates can be carried out in a very convenient manner. When it is desired to separate the polymers from the reaction mixture and then saponify them to obtain polyvinyl alcohols, dioxane, acetone or other solvents are added to the reaction mixture, or it is poured into methanol or other precipitation agents, after which the monomers and alkyl formates can easily be separated by distillation under reduced pressure.
Alkylformiater har en liten kjedeover-føringskonstant så at polymerisater med høy polymerisasj onsgrad lett kan fåes ved anvendelse av store mengder alkylformiater som oppløsningsmidler, særlig når polymeriseringen utføres kontinuerlig. Når det ønskes å få polymerisater med lav polymerisasj onsgrad kan polymerisasj ons-graden lett reguleres ved tilsetning av dioxan, aceton eller andre oppløsningsmid-ler til alkylformiatene. Alkyl formates have a small chain transfer constant so that polymers with a high degree of polymerization can easily be obtained by using large amounts of alkyl formates as solvents, especially when the polymerization is carried out continuously. When it is desired to obtain polymers with a low degree of polymerization, the degree of polymerization can be easily regulated by adding dioxane, acetone or other solvents to the alkyl formates.
En ytterligere fordel ved anvendelsen av alkylformiater som oppløsningsmiddel ved polymerisering av vinylformiat er at man får polymerisater med bedre egenskaper enn dem man får ved anvendelse av andre oppløsningsmidler. A further advantage of the use of alkyl formates as a solvent in the polymerization of vinyl formate is that polymers with better properties are obtained than those obtained when other solvents are used.
Vinylformiat har følgende karakteristiske egenskaper: (1) carbonyl-streknings-vibreringen av formylgruppen i vinylformiat endres heni-mot lavere frekvenser i de elektrongivende medier. (2) de delvis formylerte polyvinylalkoholer har en tyngre oppløselighet og en mindre evne til å svelle i vann, samt en større Hyggins' konstant (K') i vandige oppløsninger, i sammenligning med delvis acetylerte polyvinylalkoholer som har samme substitusj onsgrad. (3) resultatene av målinger av tempe-ratura vhengigheten av mengden av 1,2-glykol i polyvinylalkoholer, erholdt fra massepolymerisater av vinylformiat og av vinylacetat, viser at den mengde 1,2-glykol i polyvinylalkoholer som erholdes fra polyvinylformiat er mindre enn den mengde polyvinylalkohol som fåes fra po-lyvinylacetat, og at avhengigheten av temperaturen er større for den førstnevnte enn for den sistnevnte. Dette skyldes den kjennsgjerning at forskjellen i aktiverings - energien mellom normal 1,3-addisjon og 1,2-addisjon under forløpet av polymeriseringen av vinylformiat er større enn for vinylacetat. Denne kjennsgjerning kan forklares ved å anta at formylgruppene i vinylformiat har en sterk gjensidig virkning så at polymeriseringen foregår under opp-rettholdelse av den molekylære assosiasjon og at der ved polymerisering av vinylformiat i oppløsning er oppløsningsmidler som opprettholder eller ikke opprettholder denne molekylære assosiasjon. Vinyl formate has the following characteristic properties: (1) the carbonyl stretching vibration of the formyl group in vinyl formate changes to lower frequencies in the electron donating media. (2) the partially formylated polyvinyl alcohols have a heavier solubility and a lower ability to swell in water, as well as a larger Higgins' constant (K') in aqueous solutions, in comparison with partially acetylated polyvinyl alcohols that have the same degree of substitution. (3) the results of measurements of the temperature dependence of the amount of 1,2-glycol in polyvinyl alcohols, obtained from mass polymers of vinyl formate and of vinyl acetate, show that the amount of 1,2-glycol in polyvinyl alcohols obtained from polyvinyl formate is less than the amount of polyvinyl alcohol obtained from polyvinyl acetate, and that the dependence on temperature is greater for the former than for the latter. This is due to the fact that the difference in activation energy between normal 1,3-addition and 1,2-addition during the course of the polymerization of vinyl formate is greater than for vinyl acetate. This fact can be explained by assuming that the formyl groups in vinyl formate have a strong mutual effect so that the polymerization takes place while maintaining the molecular association and that during the polymerization of vinyl formate in solution there are solvents which maintain or do not maintain this molecular association.
Film av polyvinylalkoholer erholdt ved polymerisering av vinylformiat med påføl-gende forsåpning av polyvinylformiatet, og under anvendelse av alkylformiater som oppløsningsmiddel under polymeriseringen, har en svellegrad i vann som er mindre enn for film erholdt under anvendelse av andre estere som oppløsningsmidler under polymeriseringen. Denne forskjell i svellegraden vil fremgå nærmere av ut-førelseseksemplene i det følgende. Film of polyvinyl alcohols obtained by polymerization of vinyl formate with subsequent saponification of the polyvinyl formate, and using alkyl formates as solvent during the polymerization, has a degree of swelling in water that is less than for film obtained using other esters as solvents during the polymerization. This difference in the degree of swelling will appear in more detail from the design examples below.
Den kjennsgjerning at polymeriseringen kan utføres uten å gjøre det erholdte polyvinylformiats struktur uregelmessig, er en karakteristisk egenskap hos alkylformiater. The fact that the polymerization can be carried out without making the structure of the polyvinyl formate obtained irregular is a characteristic property of alkyl formates.
I det følgende beskrives som eksempler noen utførelsesformer for oppfinnelsen. In the following, some embodiments of the invention are described as examples.
Eksempel 1. Example 1.
En polymeriserbar væske med følgende sammensetning ble polymerisert ved 30° C i 10 timer i nitrogenatmosfære og i en lukket reaksjonssone: A polymerizable liquid with the following composition was polymerized at 30°C for 10 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere and in a closed reaction zone:
Vinylformiat med kokepunkt 46—46,6° C ble anvendt som monomer. Det erholdte polymerisat ble skilt fra væsken ved anvendelse av hydrokinon i aceton som po-lymeriseringsinhibitor og methanol som felningsmiddel. En oppløsning i aceton av det således utskilte polyvinylformiat ble tilsatt til vandig methanol som inneholdt 1 N natriumhydroxydoppløsning og forsåpet ved romtemperatur, hvorved man fikk en polyvinylalkohol. Vinyl formate with a boiling point of 46-46.6° C was used as monomer. The resulting polymer was separated from the liquid using hydroquinone in acetone as a polymerization inhibitor and methanol as a precipitating agent. A solution in acetone of the thus separated polyvinyl formate was added to aqueous methanol containing 1 N sodium hydroxide solution and saponified at room temperature, whereby a polyvinyl alcohol was obtained.
Eksempel 2. Example 2.
Der ble anvendt en væske med følgende A liquid with the following was used
sammensetning: composition:
Denne væske ble i en lukket reaksjonssone og i nitrogenatmosfære polymerisert ved 60° C i 24 timer. Geldannelse under polymeriseringens forløp ble forhindret ved nærværet av methylformiat. This liquid was polymerized in a closed reaction zone and in a nitrogen atmosphere at 60° C. for 24 hours. Gel formation during the course of the polymerization was prevented by the presence of methyl formate.
Eksempel 3. Example 3.
Selv ved temperaturer så lave som —40° C foregår polymeriseringen jevnt ved tilsetning av methylformiat. Even at temperatures as low as -40° C, the polymerization takes place evenly when methyl formate is added.
Der ble tilsatt triethyl-bor til en blanding av vinylformiat og methylformiat. Et rør som inneholdt denne blanding ble til-lukket i tørr luft og temperaturen ble holdt på —40° C, hvorved polymeriseringen fore-gikk. Den ble avbrutt ved tilsetning av en oppløsning av meta-dinitrobenzen i aceton. Polymerisatet ble utfelt ved tilsetning av methanol og isolert. Triethyl boron was added to a mixture of vinyl formate and methyl formate. A tube containing this mixture was sealed in dry air and the temperature was maintained at -40° C., whereby the polymerization took place. It was quenched by the addition of a solution of meta-dinitrobenzene in acetone. The polymer was precipitated by the addition of methanol and isolated.
Som utgangsmateriale ble der anvendt en væske med følgende sammensetning: A liquid with the following composition was used as starting material:
Eksempel 4. Example 4.
Som utgangsmateriale ble anvendt den samme væske som i eksempel 3. Der ble polymerisert ved 0° C i 20 timer. Etter at polymeriseringen var fullført ble der tilsatt en oppløsning av m-dinitrobenzen i dioxan til polymerisatet for å deaktivere katalysatoren! Derpå ble ikke reagert monomer og metylformiat oppsamlet ved 0° C under et forminsket trykk på 10—300 mm Hg. The same liquid as in example 3 was used as starting material. Polymerization was carried out at 0° C. for 20 hours. After the polymerization was complete, a solution of m-dinitrobenzene in dioxane was added to the polymer to deactivate the catalyst! The unreacted monomer and methyl formate were then collected at 0° C. under a reduced pressure of 10-300 mm Hg.
Den således erholdte oppløsning av polyvinylformiat i dioxan ble utsatt for The thus obtained solution of polyvinyl formate in dioxane was exposed to
forminsket trykk ved romtemperatur for å fjerne tilbakeværende monomer samt methylformiat. En 1 N oppløsning av na-triumhydroxyd i vandig dioxan ble tilsatt til det således erholdte polyvinylformiat for å forsåpe dette, hvorved man fikk polyvinylalkohol. Omsetningen var ca. 21 pst. og den erholdte polyvinylalkohols polymerisasj onsgrad var 850. reduced pressure at room temperature to remove residual monomer and methyl formate. A 1 N solution of sodium hydroxide in aqueous dioxane was added to the polyvinyl formate thus obtained to saponify it, whereby polyvinyl alcohol was obtained. The turnover was approx. 21 per cent and the degree of polymerization of the obtained polyvinyl alcohol was 850.
Monomere sammen med methylformiat kan ganske enkelt oppsamles under forminsket trykk, så at man etter at polymeriseringen er fullført, kan tilsette alko-holer som methanol, dioxan, ketoner som aceton og så videre, hydrocarbon-halogen-ider og ethere til polyvinylformiatet for å fjerne monomere og oppløsningsmidler under atmosfæretrykk eller forminsket trykk. Man får da rent polyvinylformiat i form av en oppløsning eller som et bunnfall. Monomers together with methyl formate can simply be collected under reduced pressure, so that after the polymerization is complete, alcohols such as methanol, dioxane, ketones such as acetone and so on, hydrocarbon halides and ethers can be added to the polyvinyl formate to remove monomers and solvents under atmospheric pressure or reduced pressure. Pure polyvinyl formate is then obtained in the form of a solution or as a precipitate.
Eksempel 5. Example 5.
I nedenstående tabell er oppført innholdet av 1,2-glykol samt svellegraden i vann ved 30° C for polyvinylalkoholer for hvilke utgangsmaterialet er polyvinylformiat erholdt ved massepolymerisering eller ved polymerisering i oppløsning under anvendelse av et oppløsningsmiddel ifølge oppfinnelsen, henholdsvis andre oppløs-ningsmidler. Alle polymeriseringer ble ut-ført ved 30° C. The table below lists the content of 1,2-glycol and the degree of swelling in water at 30° C for polyvinyl alcohols for which the starting material is polyvinyl formate obtained by mass polymerization or by polymerization in solution using a solvent according to the invention, respectively other solvents. All polymerizations were carried out at 30°C.
Av denne tabell fremgår det at svellegraden samt innholdet av 1,2-glykol i polyvinylalkohol ved anvendelse av methylformiat som oppløsningsmiddel er prak-tisk talt det samme som ved massepolymerisering. From this table it appears that the degree of swelling and the content of 1,2-glycol in polyvinyl alcohol when methyl formate is used as solvent is practically the same as with mass polymerization.
Videre viser tabellen at polyvinylalkoholer som er erholdt ved anvendelse av tertiær butanol, dimethylsulfoxyd osv. som oppløsningsmidler (med en sterk polari-tet som polymeriseringsmedium) at innholdet av 1,2-glykol samt svellegraden er større enn for polyvinylalkoholer erholdt ved anvendelse av methylformiat som polymeriseringsmedium. Furthermore, the table shows that polyvinyl alcohols obtained by using tertiary butanol, dimethylsulfoxide etc. as solvents (with a strong polarity as polymerization medium) that the content of 1,2-glycol and the degree of swelling are greater than for polyvinyl alcohols obtained by using methyl formate which polymerization medium.
Dette kan forklares derved at gjensidig virkning av formylgruppene i vinylformiat opprettholdes i regulær molekylær assosiasjon ved polymerisering i masse eller i et medium bestående av methylformiat, mens denne molekylære assosiasjon blir uregelmessig i dimethylsulfoxyd og i tertiær butanol. This can be explained by the fact that mutual action of the formyl groups in vinyl formate is maintained in regular molecular association by polymerization in bulk or in a medium consisting of methyl formate, while this molecular association becomes irregular in dimethylsulfoxide and in tertiary butanol.
Eksempel 6. Example 6.
En blanding av 100 deler vinylformiat og 42,9 deler ethylformiat tilsatt 0,001 del 2,2'-azo-bis-isobutyronitril ble i nitrogenatmosfære innelukket i et rør og polymerisert ved 60° C i 2 timer. Under polymeri-seringsreaksjonen fant der ikke sted noen geldannelse. Omsetningen ved polymeriseringen var 86,4 pst. Det erholdte polyvinylformiat ble forsåpet til polyvinylalkohol som viste en polymerisasj onsgrad på 1720. A mixture of 100 parts of vinyl formate and 42.9 parts of ethyl formate added to 0.001 part of 2,2'-azo-bis-isobutyronitrile was enclosed in a nitrogen atmosphere in a tube and polymerized at 60° C. for 2 hours. No gel formation took place during the polymerization reaction. The turnover during the polymerization was 86.4 per cent. The polyvinyl formate obtained was saponified into polyvinyl alcohol, which showed a degree of polymerization of 1720.
Claims (1)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DK135072AA DK134722B (en) | 1972-03-22 | 1972-03-22 | Zipper for doors. |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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NO136686B true NO136686B (en) | 1977-07-11 |
NO136686C NO136686C (en) | 1977-10-19 |
Family
ID=8103884
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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NO1166/73A NO136686C (en) | 1972-03-22 | 1973-03-21 | CLINK} S FOR DOORS. |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US3807203A (en) |
BE (1) | BE797140A (en) |
DE (1) | DE2314390A1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK134722B (en) |
FR (1) | FR2177379A5 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1402701A (en) |
NL (1) | NL7304057A (en) |
NO (1) | NO136686C (en) |
SE (1) | SE389709B (en) |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1570104A (en) * | 1977-01-24 | 1980-06-25 | Chubb & Sons Lock & Safe Co | Key-operated locks |
US4146256A (en) * | 1978-01-06 | 1979-03-27 | Ellcon-National, Inc. | Closure latch assembly |
US4312202A (en) * | 1979-12-28 | 1982-01-26 | The Eastern Company | Paddle lock with bolt-carried handle disconnect member |
JPS6141762U (en) * | 1984-08-21 | 1986-03-17 | 俊彦 山下 | lock |
GB2173538A (en) * | 1985-03-15 | 1986-10-15 | Regent Lock Co Ltd | A lockable handle apparatus |
DE19649444C2 (en) * | 1996-11-28 | 1999-07-15 | Sphinx Elektronik Gmbh | Lock |
US8465062B2 (en) | 2007-08-20 | 2013-06-18 | The Eastern Company | Armored vehicle door hardware providing access, egress, rescue and security |
ES2929326T3 (en) * | 2020-04-06 | 2022-11-28 | Uhlmann & Zacher Gmbh | closing module |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US49481A (en) * | 1865-08-15 | Improvement in locks | ||
US547007A (en) * | 1895-10-01 | Half to robert a | ||
US67140A (en) * | 1867-07-23 | Balthasar seegmuller | ||
US703506A (en) * | 1901-04-13 | 1902-07-01 | Andres F Wahlberg | Lock. |
US1879350A (en) * | 1931-08-06 | 1932-09-27 | Leeb Frank | Lock |
-
1972
- 1972-03-22 DK DK135072AA patent/DK134722B/en unknown
-
1973
- 1973-03-19 SE SE7303783A patent/SE389709B/en unknown
- 1973-03-20 GB GB1345773A patent/GB1402701A/en not_active Expired
- 1973-03-21 BE BE6044066A patent/BE797140A/en unknown
- 1973-03-21 US US00343404A patent/US3807203A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1973-03-21 FR FR7310194A patent/FR2177379A5/fr not_active Expired
- 1973-03-21 NO NO1166/73A patent/NO136686C/en unknown
- 1973-03-22 DE DE19732314390 patent/DE2314390A1/en active Pending
- 1973-03-22 NL NL7304057A patent/NL7304057A/xx unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BE797140A (en) | 1973-07-16 |
DK134722B (en) | 1977-01-03 |
US3807203A (en) | 1974-04-30 |
GB1402701A (en) | 1975-08-13 |
DK134722C (en) | 1977-05-31 |
NL7304057A (en) | 1973-09-25 |
DE2314390A1 (en) | 1973-09-27 |
SE389709B (en) | 1976-11-15 |
FR2177379A5 (en) | 1973-11-02 |
NO136686C (en) | 1977-10-19 |
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