NO136257B - - Google Patents
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- NO136257B NO136257B NO740051A NO740051A NO136257B NO 136257 B NO136257 B NO 136257B NO 740051 A NO740051 A NO 740051A NO 740051 A NO740051 A NO 740051A NO 136257 B NO136257 B NO 136257B
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- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 22
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 22
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 20
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 11
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- -1 chloride Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052910 alkali metal silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromate(2-) Chemical class [O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WQGWDDDVZFFDIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrogallol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1O WQGWDDDVZFFDIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001603 reducing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- PXLIDIMHPNPGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium chromate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O PXLIDIMHPNPGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium nitrite Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]N=O LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910014142 Na—O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004110 Zinc silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002528 anti-freeze Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- SOCTUWSJJQCPFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichromate(2-) Chemical compound [O-][Cr](=O)(=O)O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O SOCTUWSJJQCPFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019256 formaldehyde Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960004279 formaldehyde Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007937 lozenge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940079877 pyrogallol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010288 sodium nitrite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004449 solid propellant Substances 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfite Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- XSMMCTCMFDWXIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc silicate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O XSMMCTCMFDWXIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019352 zinc silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/70—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H23/00—Registering, tensioning, smoothing or guiding webs
- B65H23/02—Registering, tensioning, smoothing or guiding webs transversely
- B65H23/022—Registering, tensioning, smoothing or guiding webs transversely by tentering devices
- B65H23/025—Registering, tensioning, smoothing or guiding webs transversely by tentering devices by rollers
- B65H23/0251—Registering, tensioning, smoothing or guiding webs transversely by tentering devices by rollers with a straight axis
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06C—FINISHING, DRESSING, TENTERING OR STRETCHING TEXTILE FABRICS
- D06C3/00—Stretching, tentering or spreading textile fabrics; Producing elasticity in textile fabrics
- D06C3/06—Stretching, tentering or spreading textile fabrics; Producing elasticity in textile fabrics by rotary disc, roller, or like apparatus
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H2301/00—Handling processes for sheets or webs
- B65H2301/50—Auxiliary process performed during handling process
- B65H2301/51—Modifying a characteristic of handled material
- B65H2301/512—Changing form of handled material
- B65H2301/5124—Stretching; Tentering
- B65H2301/51242—Stretching transversely; Tentering
- B65H2301/512425—Stretching transversely; Tentering involving guiding web along the circumference of a ring section
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H2404/00—Parts for transporting or guiding the handled material
- B65H2404/10—Rollers
- B65H2404/11—Details of cross-section or profile
- B65H2404/113—Details of cross-section or profile made of circular segments
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H2701/00—Handled material; Storage means
- B65H2701/10—Handled articles or webs
- B65H2701/17—Nature of material
- B65H2701/174—Textile; fibres
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
- Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
- Preliminary Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
- Advancing Webs (AREA)
- Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
- Registering, Tensioning, Guiding Webs, And Rollers Therefor (AREA)
Abstract
Innretning for endring av bredden og tykkelsen til en bane av tekstilfibre.Device for changing the width and thickness of a web of textile fibers.
Description
Inhibitor for beskyttelse av metaller mot korroderende angrep fra oppløsninger av kalsiumklorid og/eller natriumklorid. Inhibitor for the protection of metals against corrosive attack from solutions of calcium chloride and/or sodium chloride.
Den foreliggende oppfinnelse angår en The present invention relates to a
inhibitor til beskyttelse av metaller og disses legeringer mot den korroderende innvirkning av kalsiumklorid- og natrium-kloridoppløsninger. inhibitor for the protection of metals and their alloys against the corrosive effects of calcium chloride and sodium chloride solutions.
Ved alle hovedanvendelser av kalsiumklorid og natriumklorid opptrer det kor-rosjonsproblemer; korrosjonen avhenger av arten av de metaller som kommer i kon-takt med saltoppløsningen, saltets art og oxygeninnholdet, temperaturen, pH og eventuell tilstedeværelse av inhibitorer i saltløsningene. Corrosion problems occur in all the main uses of calcium chloride and sodium chloride; the corrosion depends on the nature of the metals that come into contact with the salt solution, the nature of the salt and the oxygen content, the temperature, pH and the possible presence of inhibitors in the salt solutions.
Det er blitt foreslått mange sammen-setninger for inhibitorpreparater. Det er imidlertid vanskelig å bestemme deres effektivitet like overfor korrosjon fra salt-oppløsninger og å skaffe en generell løs-ning av de problemer som opptrer, og dette av følgende grunner: — saltoppløsningenes store klorinnhold nedsetter muligheten for anvendelse av noen av de vanlige inhibitorer; dette gjel-der f. eks. for natriumnitritt, hvis effek-tive konsentrasjon bør være ekvivalent med klorkonsentrasjonen; — visse inhibitorers effektivitet skyldes deres reduserende virkning; de reagerer med det oppløste oxygen og fjerner på denne måte det viktigste korrosjonsstoff. Hydrazin, pyrogallol og sulfitt hører til denne kategori; deres effektivitet er imidlertid avhengig av saltoppløsningenes luft-ingsbetingelser; — mange inhibitorer, selv ikkereduserende, er bare virksomme i luftfri oppløsning. Many compositions for inhibitor preparations have been proposed. However, it is difficult to determine their effectiveness against corrosion from salt solutions and to provide a general solution to the problems that arise, and this for the following reasons: - the high chlorine content of the salt solutions reduces the possibility of using some of the usual inhibitors; this applies to e.g. for sodium nitrite, whose effective concentration should be equivalent to the chlorine concentration; — the effectiveness of certain inhibitors is due to their reducing action; they react with the dissolved oxygen and in this way remove the most important corrosion substance. Hydrazine, pyrogallol and sulphite belong to this category; however, their effectiveness is dependent on the salt solutions' aeration conditions; — many inhibitors, even non-reducing ones, are only effective in air-free solution.
Sinksalter, særlig sinkklorid, har en Zinc salts, especially zinc chloride, have a
begrenset virkning og gir korrosjon i ned-dyppingsgrenselinj en. limited effect and causes corrosion in the immersion limit line.
Virkningen av kromater eller bikro-mater har lenge vært kjent. Men punktvis korrosjon, som kan opptre, er en hoved-ulempe ved anvendelse av disse inhibitorer. For å motvirke dette er det nødvendig å anvende meget store mengder av dem. The effect of chromates or bichromates has long been known. But spot corrosion, which can occur, is a major disadvantage when using these inhibitors. To counteract this, it is necessary to use very large amounts of them.
På grunn av sine kolloidale egenskaper har natriumsilikat en inhiberende virkning på korrosjon av stål, aluminium og sink i berøring med vandige oppløsninger. Denne inhiberende virkning er imidlertid temme-lig middelmådig i oppløsninger av natriumklorid eller kalsiumklorid. Hvis innholdet av natriumsilikat er for lite, kan forøvrig korrosjonen bli påskyndet. For at natrium-silikatet skal utøve noen betydelig inhibiterende virkning på saltoppløsningers korrosjon av stål må konsentrasjonen av Na-O . 3SiOi> være minst 2 g/l. Due to its colloidal properties, sodium silicate has an inhibitory effect on the corrosion of steel, aluminum and zinc in contact with aqueous solutions. However, this inhibitory effect is rather moderate in solutions of sodium chloride or calcium chloride. If the sodium silicate content is too low, corrosion can be accelerated. In order for the sodium silicate to exert any significant inhibitory effect on salt solution corrosion of steel, the concentration of Na-O . 3SiOi> be at least 2 g/l.
Det har i det hele tatt vist seg, at ingen enkel sammensetning er helt tilfreds-stillende, og at det må anvendes komplekse komposisjoner, som på samme tid har en sterk inhibitorvirkning og er fri for be-virkning av enhver lokal korrosjonsfrem-komst. It has generally been shown that no simple composition is completely satisfactory, and that complex compositions must be used, which at the same time have a strong inhibitory effect and are free from the effects of any local occurrence of corrosion.
Oppfinnelsen vedrører en inhibitor for beskyttelse av metaller eller legeringer mot korrosjon fra oppløsninger av kalsiumklorid og/eller natriumklorid, og inhibitoren er karakterisert ved, at den består av en blanding av et sinksalt og et alkalimetallsilikat. The invention relates to an inhibitor for the protection of metals or alloys against corrosion from solutions of calcium chloride and/or sodium chloride, and the inhibitor is characterized in that it consists of a mixture of a zinc salt and an alkali metal silicate.
Ved tilsetning av et sinksalt, f. eks. klorid, får man en inhibitor som har langt større inhibiterende evne, ved en silikat-konsentrasjon som er lavere enn den konsentrasjon av 2 g/l som behøves når man anvender silikatet alene. By adding a zinc salt, e.g. chloride, you get an inhibitor that has far greater inhibitory ability, at a silicate concentration that is lower than the concentration of 2 g/l that is needed when using the silicate alone.
Tilsetning av et alkalimetallkromat til blandingen av alkalimetallsilikat og sink-silikat forbedrer ytterligere blandingens inhibiterende evne. Det forekommer riktig-nok lokale korroderinger hvis mengden av kromat er utilstrekkelig. Den minste konsentrasjon som kreves avhenger av luften på de flater som skal beskyttes; den skal ikke være under 5 g Na2Cr04/m<2>. Hvis de;tte ikke kan oppnås a priori, bør det bare anvendes den binære blanding. Addition of an alkali metal chromate to the mixture of alkali metal silicate and zinc silicate further improves the inhibitory ability of the mixture. Local corrosion does indeed occur if the amount of chromate is insufficient. The minimum concentration required depends on the air on the surfaces to be protected; it should not be below 5 g Na2Cr04/m<2>. If this cannot be achieved a priori, only the binary mixture should be used.
Produktet «silikat av alkalimetall-sinksalt» anvendes fortrinsvis i fortynnet oppløsning, da en slik holder metallet i en meget god tilstand. Det ternære produkt « alkalimet allsinksilik at - alkalimet all - kromat» er mere effektivt jo mere den binære blanding av saltoppløsninger er kon-sentrert. Det er klart at man kan tilsette kromat- eller bikromat, av natrium eller kalium, og at sinken kan tilføres i metal-lisk form eller i form av et salt. The product "silicate of alkali metal zinc salt" is preferably used in a diluted solution, as this keeps the metal in a very good condition. The ternary product "alkalimet allzincsilik at - alkalimet all - chromate" is more effective the more the binary mixture of salt solutions is concentrated. It is clear that you can add chromate or bichromate, of sodium or potassium, and that the zinc can be added in metallic form or in the form of a salt.
Tilsetning av blandinger av inhibitorer til oppløsninger av kalsiumklorid og/eller natriumklorid er av særlig interesse derved at den kan løse korrosjonsproblemet i alle anvendelsesområder av slike saltoppløs-ninger, spesielt ved fremstilling av kjøle-oppløsninger, i betongarbeider, tørring av gass, og som antifrysestoff for smelting av is og sne; det skal spesielt nevnes at produkter på kalsiumkloridbasis kan anvendes for stabilisering av salter og som støvhin-drende middel på veier, leke- og sports-plasser, i gruber, og i det hele tatt hvor det lett kan dannes støv, f. eks. av faste bren-selprodukter i industrien og andre steder. Ved tilsetning av disse inhibitorer ned-settes korrosjonen på alle metallflater som kommer i berøring med selve oppløsningene eller med produkter som er blitt behandlet med disse oppløsninger. The addition of mixtures of inhibitors to solutions of calcium chloride and/or sodium chloride is of particular interest in that it can solve the corrosion problem in all areas of application of such salt solutions, especially in the production of cooling solutions, in concrete works, drying gas, and as antifreeze for melting ice and snow; it should be mentioned in particular that calcium chloride-based products can be used to stabilize salts and as a dust-preventing agent on roads, playgrounds and sports grounds, in pits, and in general where dust can easily form, e.g. of solid fuel products in industry and elsewhere. By adding these inhibitors, corrosion is reduced on all metal surfaces that come into contact with the solutions themselves or with products that have been treated with these solutions.
De produkter på basis av kalsium- The products based on calcium
klorid, som anvendes for behandling mot støvdannelse, kan foruten inhibitoren inne-holde et fuktemiddel, som sikrer at støvet fester seg på hele den behandlede flate. Inhibitorene kan tilføres til det faste salt slik at fremstillingen av oppløsninger, og disses videre anvendelse, ikke eller bare i liten grad medfører korrosjon. De kan også tilføres i det øyeblikk hvor det faste stoff oppløses, eller på et hvilket som helst tids-punkt av sistnevnte utnyttelsestrinn. chloride, which is used for treatment against dust formation, may contain, in addition to the inhibitor, a wetting agent, which ensures that the dust adheres to the entire treated surface. The inhibitors can be added to the solid salt so that the production of solutions, and their further use, does not or only to a small extent cause corrosion. They can also be added at the moment when the solid substance dissolves, or at any point in time during the latter utilization step.
Korrosjonsforsøk. Corrosion test.
Det fremstilles en natriumkloridopp-løsning av rått NaCl som inneholder 989,6 g NaCl/kg, og en oppløsning av kalsiumklorid ved å gå ut fra pastiller som inneholder 770—800 g CaCb/kg. A sodium chloride solution is prepared from raw NaCl containing 989.6 g NaCl/kg, and a solution of calcium chloride by starting from lozenges containing 770-800 g CaCb/kg.
Forsøksstykker av mykt stål, med di-mensjoner 50x25x 1 mm blir først under-kastet en katodisk behandling i ca. 5 N svovelsyre ved 60—65° C, med strømstyrke 10 amp. Trial pieces of mild steel, with dimensions 50x25x1 mm, are first subjected to a cathodic treatment for approx. 5 N sulfuric acid at 60-65° C, with a current of 10 amps.
Under korrosjonsforsøket ble de på forhånd veide prøvestykker opphengt på glasskroker og ble helt neddyppet i be-holdere som inneholdt saltoppløsning som ble kontinuerlig omrørt. Luftingen av opp-løsningene skjer gjennom huller i proppene. Temperaturen holdes på 20° C. Etter to dagers forsøksforløp ble prøvestykkene renset og veiet på nytt. For å unngå opp-løsning av metall under rensingen settes det til badet 50 cm<3> formol av 40 pst. pr. liter 5 N svovelsyre. During the corrosion test, the pre-weighed test pieces were suspended on glass hooks and were completely immersed in containers containing salt solution which was continuously stirred. The solutions are aerated through holes in the stoppers. The temperature is kept at 20° C. After two days of testing, the test pieces were cleaned and weighed again. To avoid dissolution of metal during the cleaning, 50 cm<3> formol of 40 per cent is added to the bath. liter of 5 N sulfuric acid.
Korrosjonshastighetene uttrykkes i g/m<2>, dag. Tilsetningsproduktenes inhibi-torkraft er gitt ved formelen: The corrosion rates are expressed in g/m<2>, day. The inhibitor power of the additive products is given by the formula:
hvor A og B betegner de respektive korro-sjonshastigheter i fravær resp. i nærvær av inhibitor. where A and B denote the respective corrosion rates in the absence or in the presence of inhibitor.
Tabell 1 viser resultatene av de ut-førte forsøk: Table 1 shows the results of the tests carried out:
I kjøleanlegg befinner en kalsium-kloridoppløsning seg ofte i berøring ikke bare med stål og med støpejern men også i berøring med kobber og med galvanisert blikk. Samtidig tilstedeværelse av disse for-skjellige metaller danner galvaniske ele-menter, hvis anodeoverflater korroderes meget hurtig. In cooling systems, a calcium chloride solution is often in contact not only with steel and cast iron but also with copper and galvanized tin. The simultaneous presence of these different metals forms galvanic elements, whose anode surfaces corrode very quickly.
Forsøk har vist at inhibitorer på basis av natriumsilikat, sinkklorid og natriumkromat har en gunstig innvirkning på denne særlig farlige form for korrosjon. Experiments have shown that inhibitors based on sodium silicate, zinc chloride and sodium chromate have a beneficial effect on this particularly dangerous form of corrosion.
Det forsøksutstyr som anvendes består av to glassceller, som nedentil er lukket av stykker av det metall som skal undersøkes og som på forhånd er blitt polert og skyllet med aceton. De to celler er forbundet med hverandre ved en hevert av plastmateriale; hver inneholder 125 cm<3> av en oppløsning av 200 g CaCb-korn/l, og i hver celle ledes det inn 5 liter luft pr. time. Anoden og katoden er elektrisk forbundet via en mot-stand på 3800 ohm, ved hvis klemmer et elektronisk voltmeter av høy impedans måler potensialf or skjellen; den galvaniske strøms styrke kan altså beregnes. The experimental equipment used consists of two glass cells, which are closed below by pieces of the metal to be examined and which have previously been polished and rinsed with acetone. The two cells are connected to each other by a siphon of plastic material; each contains 125 cm<3> of a solution of 200 g CaCb grains/l, and 5 liters of air are introduced into each cell per hour. The anode and cathode are electrically connected via a resistor of 3800 ohms, at whose terminals a high-impedance electronic voltmeter measures the potential difference; the strength of the galvanic current can thus be calculated.
Den nedenstående tabell 2 resymerer de erholdte resultater. Det sees at den galvaniske korrosjon på stål, som er forbundet med kopper og som kan være særlig farlig, er nedsatt betraktelig. Table 2 below summarizes the results obtained. It can be seen that the galvanic corrosion of steel, which is associated with copper and which can be particularly dangerous, is reduced considerably.
1. Inhibitor for beskyttelse av metalle eller legeringer mot korrosjon fra oppløs-ninger av kalsiumklorid og/eller natriumklorid, karakterisert ved at den består av en blanding av et sinksalt og et alkalimetallsilikat. 2. Inhibitor ifølge påstand 1, karakte- 1. Inhibitor for the protection of metals or alloys against corrosion from solutions of calcium chloride and/or sodium chloride, characterized in that it consists of a mixture of a zinc salt and an alkali metal silicate. 2. Inhibitor according to claim 1, character-
risert ved, at et alkalimetallkromat settes til blandingen av sinksalt og alkalmetall-silikat, idet den anvendte mengde alkalimetallkromat beregnet som natriumkromat er over 5 g/m<2> av den metallflate som skal beskyttes. created by adding an alkali metal chromate to the mixture of zinc salt and alkali metal silicate, the amount of alkali metal chromate used calculated as sodium chromate being over 5 g/m<2> of the metal surface to be protected.
Claims (5)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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US00323596A US3808639A (en) | 1973-01-15 | 1973-01-15 | Apparatus for altering the width, weight and thickness of fabric webs |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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NO740051L NO740051L (en) | 1974-07-16 |
NO136257B true NO136257B (en) | 1977-05-02 |
NO136257C NO136257C (en) | 1977-08-10 |
Family
ID=23259888
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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NO740051A NO136257C (en) | 1973-01-15 | 1974-01-08 | FACILITIES FOR CHANGING THE WIDTH AND THICKNESS OF A PATCH OF TEXTILE FIBERS. |
Country Status (18)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US3808639A (en) |
JP (1) | JPS5724426B2 (en) |
AR (1) | AR198899A1 (en) |
BE (1) | BE809792A (en) |
BR (1) | BR7400247D0 (en) |
CA (1) | CA993180A (en) |
CH (1) | CH573999A5 (en) |
DE (1) | DE2401614C2 (en) |
DK (1) | DK145991C (en) |
ES (1) | ES422253A1 (en) |
FI (1) | FI56407C (en) |
FR (1) | FR2214007B1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1389400A (en) |
IT (1) | IT1002657B (en) |
NL (1) | NL172086C (en) |
NO (1) | NO136257C (en) |
SE (1) | SE405741B (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA74162B (en) |
Families Citing this family (24)
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JPS5040186B2 (en) * | 1973-08-24 | 1975-12-22 | ||
US4219911A (en) * | 1976-03-10 | 1980-09-02 | The Stearns & Foster Company | Apparatus for expanding the width of preformed fibrous webs |
US4106166A (en) * | 1976-03-10 | 1978-08-15 | The Stearns & Foster Company | Method for expanding the width of preformed fibrous webs |
DE2962106D1 (en) * | 1979-01-11 | 1982-03-18 | Chemie Linz Ag | Process for making spun nonwoven sheets |
JPS591763A (en) * | 1982-06-19 | 1984-01-07 | 株式会社川上製作所 | Stenter machine |
US4479868A (en) * | 1983-10-21 | 1984-10-30 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Gas measuring probe |
JPH0144521Y2 (en) * | 1987-04-11 | 1989-12-22 | ||
US5161349A (en) * | 1990-10-02 | 1992-11-10 | Lantech, Inc. | Biaxial stretch wrapping |
US5522203A (en) * | 1990-10-02 | 1996-06-04 | Lantech, Inc. | Biaxial stretch wrapping |
DE19628164B4 (en) * | 1995-07-20 | 2006-11-09 | Maschinenfabrik Rieter Ag | Adjustable fleece guide |
US6311377B1 (en) * | 1998-04-28 | 2001-11-06 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Technology, Inc. | Apparatus and method for spreading fibrous tows into linear arrays of generally uniform density and products made thereby |
US6049956A (en) * | 1999-06-18 | 2000-04-18 | Adherent Technologies, Inc. | Method and apparatus for spreading fiber bundles |
US7175727B2 (en) | 2002-08-30 | 2007-02-13 | Kimberley-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Shaped absorbent pads and associated method for making |
US6938309B2 (en) * | 2002-12-13 | 2005-09-06 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Zoned stretching of a web |
US20060288547A1 (en) * | 2005-06-23 | 2006-12-28 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Zoned stretching of a web |
US20070040301A1 (en) * | 2005-08-19 | 2007-02-22 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Zoned stretching of a web |
DE102009026737B4 (en) * | 2008-09-16 | 2012-10-31 | Technische Universität Dresden | Apparatus and method for spreading band-shaped filament yarns |
DE102009036053B4 (en) * | 2009-07-31 | 2011-06-16 | Sächsisches Textilforschungsinstitut e.V. | Method and device for producing a batt with targeted fiber orientation |
WO2012174204A2 (en) | 2011-06-17 | 2012-12-20 | Fiberweb, Inc. | Vapor permeable, substantially water impermeable multilayer article |
PL2723568T3 (en) | 2011-06-23 | 2018-01-31 | Fiberweb Llc | Vapor permeable, substantially water impermeable multilayer article |
WO2012178027A2 (en) | 2011-06-23 | 2012-12-27 | Fiberweb, Inc. | Vapor-permeable, substantially water-impermeable multilayer article |
WO2012178011A2 (en) | 2011-06-24 | 2012-12-27 | Fiberweb, Inc. | Vapor-permeable, substantially water-impermeable multilayer article |
US20150020494A1 (en) * | 2013-07-19 | 2015-01-22 | Ornek Makina Sanayi Ve Ticaret Limited Sirketi | Fiber unbundling assembly |
GB201609919D0 (en) | 2016-06-07 | 2016-07-20 | Fernando Gerard | Fibre spreading |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE469500C (en) * | 1927-04-01 | 1928-12-14 | Berta Schmid Geb Scheidegger | Plucking machine for processing horsehair |
US2709282A (en) * | 1951-10-01 | 1955-05-31 | American Enka Corp | Process and apparatus for handling textiles |
DE1019902B (en) * | 1956-11-07 | 1957-11-21 | Goebel Gmbh Maschf | Spreader roll for running material, especially paper webs |
US3303547A (en) * | 1964-12-01 | 1967-02-14 | Johnson & Johnson | Cross stretching machine for nonwoven webs |
-
1973
- 1973-01-15 US US00323596A patent/US3808639A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1973-11-15 CA CA185,912A patent/CA993180A/en not_active Expired
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1974
- 1974-01-07 GB GB69674A patent/GB1389400A/en not_active Expired
- 1974-01-08 NO NO740051A patent/NO136257C/en unknown
- 1974-01-09 ZA ZA740162A patent/ZA74162B/en unknown
- 1974-01-12 ES ES422253A patent/ES422253A1/en not_active Expired
- 1974-01-14 DK DK17674A patent/DK145991C/en active
- 1974-01-14 DE DE2401614A patent/DE2401614C2/en not_active Expired
- 1974-01-14 IT IT47696/74A patent/IT1002657B/en active
- 1974-01-14 SE SE7400427A patent/SE405741B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1974-01-14 AR AR251927A patent/AR198899A1/en active
- 1974-01-15 BR BR247/74A patent/BR7400247D0/en unknown
- 1974-01-15 CH CH53174A patent/CH573999A5/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1974-01-15 BE BE139853A patent/BE809792A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1974-01-15 NL NLAANVRAGE7400541,A patent/NL172086C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1974-01-15 FR FR7401266A patent/FR2214007B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1974-01-15 FI FI96/74A patent/FI56407C/en active
- 1974-01-16 JP JP718374A patent/JPS5724426B2/ja not_active Expired
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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DK145991B (en) | 1983-05-09 |
ES422253A1 (en) | 1976-04-01 |
JPS49108376A (en) | 1974-10-15 |
FI56407B (en) | 1979-09-28 |
DE2401614C2 (en) | 1985-10-24 |
FR2214007B1 (en) | 1977-06-10 |
AR198899A1 (en) | 1974-07-24 |
CH573999A5 (en) | 1976-03-31 |
BE809792A (en) | 1974-05-02 |
NL7400541A (en) | 1974-07-17 |
FR2214007A1 (en) | 1974-08-09 |
FI56407C (en) | 1980-01-10 |
NL172086B (en) | 1983-02-01 |
NO740051L (en) | 1974-07-16 |
DE2401614A1 (en) | 1974-07-18 |
CA993180A (en) | 1976-07-20 |
DK145991C (en) | 1983-10-10 |
US3808639A (en) | 1974-05-07 |
SE405741B (en) | 1978-12-27 |
NO136257C (en) | 1977-08-10 |
ZA74162B (en) | 1974-11-27 |
JPS5724426B2 (en) | 1982-05-24 |
BR7400247D0 (en) | 1974-12-03 |
IT1002657B (en) | 1976-05-20 |
NL172086C (en) | 1983-07-01 |
GB1389400A (en) | 1975-04-03 |
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