NO130520B - - Google Patents
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- NO130520B NO130520B NO703869A NO386970A NO130520B NO 130520 B NO130520 B NO 130520B NO 703869 A NO703869 A NO 703869A NO 386970 A NO386970 A NO 386970A NO 130520 B NO130520 B NO 130520B
- Authority
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- Prior art keywords
- glucose
- sample
- semi
- mixture
- iodide
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- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M iodide Chemical compound [I-] XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003617 peroxidasic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001856 Ethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl cellulose Chemical compound CCOCC1OC(OC)C(OCC)C(OCC)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O1 ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001249 ethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019325 ethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004366 Glucose oxidase Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 108010015776 Glucose oxidase Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001045 blue dye Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000001124 body fluid Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010839 body fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940116332 glucose oxidase Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019420 glucose oxidase Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920003086 cellulose ether Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007888 film coating Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009501 film coating Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009738 saturating Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 25
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 10
- 210000002700 urine Anatomy 0.000 description 9
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000002255 enzymatic effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium iodide Chemical compound [K+].[I-] NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 102000003992 Peroxidases Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229940088598 enzyme Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000004694 iodide salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium iodide Chemical compound [Na+].[I-] FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- SGHZXLIDFTYFHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Brilliant Blue Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].C=1C=C(C(=C2C=CC(C=C2)=[N+](CC)CC=2C=C(C=CC=2)S([O-])(=O)=O)C=2C(=CC=CC=2)S([O-])(=O)=O)C=CC=1N(CC)CC1=CC=CC(S([O-])(=O)=O)=C1 SGHZXLIDFTYFHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N D-gluconic acid Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 206010012601 diabetes mellitus Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006911 enzymatic reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- UPBDXRPQPOWRKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N furan-2,5-dione;methoxyethene Chemical compound COC=C.O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 UPBDXRPQPOWRKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 108040007629 peroxidase activity proteins Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 239000000546 pharmaceutical excipient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3-diazinane-5-carboximidamide Chemical compound CN1CC(C(N)=N)C(=O)NC1=O IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XZXYQEHISUMZAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)methyl]-4-methylphenol Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(O)C(CC=2C(=CC=C(C)C=2)O)=C1 XZXYQEHISUMZAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SPJXGIDHWJCRSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[[4-methyl-2-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxycarbonylamino]pentanoyl]amino]-4-methylsulfanylbutanoic acid Chemical compound CSCCC(C(O)=O)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)OC(C)(C)C SPJXGIDHWJCRSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NUIURNJTPRWVAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3'-Dimethylbenzidine Chemical compound C1=C(N)C(C)=CC(C=2C=C(C)C(N)=CC=2)=C1 NUIURNJTPRWVAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IKHKJYWPWWBSFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[[4-(diethylamino)phenyl]-(4-diethylazaniumylidenecyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)methyl]benzene-1,3-disulfonate;hydron Chemical compound C1=CC(N(CC)CC)=CC=C1C(C=1C(=CC(=CC=1)S([O-])(=O)=O)S(O)(=O)=O)=C1C=CC(=[N+](CC)CC)C=C1 IKHKJYWPWWBSFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108091003079 Bovine Serum Albumin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-gluconic acid Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004366 Glucosidases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010056771 Glucosidases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010018473 Glycosuria Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108010001336 Horseradish Peroxidase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N L-glutamic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(O)=O WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SJEYSFABYSGQBG-UHFFFAOYSA-M Patent blue Chemical compound [Na+].C1=CC(N(CC)CC)=CC=C1C(C=1C(=CC(=CC=1)S([O-])(=O)=O)S([O-])(=O)=O)=C1C=CC(=[N+](CC)CC)C=C1 SJEYSFABYSGQBG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000061456 Solanum tuberosum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000002595 Solanum tuberosum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940107816 ammonium iodide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940098773 bovine serum albumin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000012745 brilliant blue FCF Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004161 brilliant blue FCF Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940055580 brilliant blue fcf Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000005911 diet Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000037213 diet Effects 0.000 description 1
- JFVXEJADITYJHK-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium 2-(3-hydroxy-5-sulfonato-1H-indol-2-yl)-3-oxoindole-5-sulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].Oc1c([nH]c2ccc(cc12)S([O-])(=O)=O)C1=Nc2ccc(cc2C1=O)S([O-])(=O)=O JFVXEJADITYJHK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013399 early diagnosis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003743 erythrocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940014259 gelatin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000174 gluconic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012208 gluconic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009229 glucose formation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108010046301 glucose peroxidase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000035780 glucosuria Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930195712 glutamate Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydron Chemical compound [H+] GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940006461 iodide ion Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000002496 iodine Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- XJRBAMWJDBPFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl vinyl ether Chemical compound COC=C XJRBAMWJDBPFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000033116 oxidation-reduction process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940068984 polyvinyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000011002 quantification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000661 sodium alginate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010413 sodium alginate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940005550 sodium alginate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000009518 sodium iodide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940095064 tartrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- XPFJYKARVSSRHE-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium;2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate;2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O.[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O XPFJYKARVSSRHE-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000002562 urinalysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XOSXWYQMOYSSKB-LDKJGXKFSA-L water blue Chemical compound CC1=CC(/C(\C(C=C2)=CC=C2NC(C=C2)=CC=C2S([O-])(=O)=O)=C(\C=C2)/C=C/C\2=N\C(C=C2)=CC=C2S([O-])(=O)=O)=CC(S(O)(=O)=O)=C1N.[Na+].[Na+] XOSXWYQMOYSSKB-LDKJGXKFSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/54—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving glucose or galactose
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S435/00—Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology
- Y10S435/805—Test papers
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)
- Measuring Or Testing Involving Enzymes Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
Description
Anordning for semikvantitativ bestemmelse Device for semi-quantitative determination
av glucose i vandige væsker. of glucose in aqueous liqs.
Foreliggende =oppf inne Ise angår en anordning av den art som er angitt i kravets ingress. Påvisning og bestemmelse av glu-cosekonsent rasjonen i urin er av stor betydning for diabetikere, som må kontrollere sin diett, og derved sitt inntak av sukker, og i denne henseende ofte må veiledes ved en kontroll av urinens glu-coseinnhold. Bortsett fra den nyttige anvendelse ved en regulær urinprovning på kjente diabetikere, både for pasienter og leger, kan anordningen for bestemmelse av glucose også anvendes effektivt ved rutine-urinanalyser i hospitaler og på legekontorer, for påvisning av diabetes og ved storre -undersokelsesprogrammer i samme hensikt, og for å differensiere mellom glucosuria- og andre melitu-rias og lignende. Present invention in Ise relates to a device of the type specified in the claim's preamble. Detection and determination of the glucose concentration in urine is of great importance for diabetics, who must control their diet, and thereby their intake of sugar, and in this respect often must be guided by a control of the glucose content of the urine. Apart from the useful application for regular urine testing of known diabetics, both for patients and doctors, the device for determining glucose can also be used effectively for routine urinalysis in hospitals and doctors' offices, for the detection of diabetes and in larger screening programs for the same purpose , and to differentiate between glucosuria and other meliturias and the like.
Fordi en tidlig diagnose og efterfolgende kontroll er av så ator betydning i forbindelse med sukkersyke, er det av stdrste Because an early diagnosis and subsequent control are of such importance in connection with diabetes, it is of the utmost importance
betydning at en urinsukkerprbve er rask og enkel nok til at hvilken som helst pasient lett kan utfore den, noyaktig nok for anvendelse ved kliniske undersokeIser og dessuten folsotn nok til at variasjo-ner i pasientenes tilstand kan påvises. Ytterligere må proveanordningen være tilstrekkelig kvantitativ slik at en okning av glucose-konsentrasjonen kan måles noyaktig og derved differensiere mellom forskjellige medisinske tilstander. meaning that a urine sugar test is fast and simple enough that any patient can easily perform it, accurate enough for use in clinical examinations and also accurate enough that variations in the patients' condition can be detected. Furthermore, the test device must be sufficiently quantitative so that an increase in the glucose concentration can be accurately measured and thereby differentiate between different medical conditions.
Fremgangsmåter for påvisning og bestemmelse av sukker i urin er vel kjent innen den kliniske kjemi. En slik fremgangsmåte utnytter Benedicts kobberreduksjonsprove, en annen anvender en selvoppvarmende alkalisk kobberreduksjonsprove i tablettform, ytterligere en prove er utelukkende basert på effekten av enzymer. Den sistnevnte enzymatiske glucoseprove innbefatter nærvær av gluco-oxidase, et peroxydativt materiale og en kromogen som påvirkes når proveblandingen er i kontakt med en kroppsvæske som inneholder glucose. Slike indikatormaterialer er generelt oxydasjons-reduk-sjonsindikatorer. Procedures for the detection and determination of sugar in urine are well known in clinical chemistry. One such method utilizes Benedict's copper reduction sample, another uses a self-heating alkaline copper reduction sample in tablet form, a further sample is based exclusively on the effect of enzymes. The latter enzymatic glucose sample includes the presence of gluco-oxidase, a peroxidative material and a chromogen which is affected when the sample mixture is in contact with a body fluid containing glucose. Such indicator materials are generally oxidation-reduction indicators.
Det enzymatiske glucoseprdvesystem som beskrevet ovenfor er vanligvis inkorporert i et bærermateriale som vanligvis omfatter en sugende cellulosestrimmel som inneholder forsokskomposisjo-nen. Det er imidlertid funnet at slike enzymatiske glucoseprdve-anordninger ikke er tilstrekkelig kvantitative, og at de ikke er istand ti 1 å differensiere mellom små forokninger av glucoseinnholdet i kroppsvæsker, som f.eks. urin. The enzymatic glucose production system as described above is usually incorporated into a carrier material which usually comprises an absorbent cellulose strip containing the presococ composition. However, it has been found that such enzymatic glucose determination devices are not sufficiently quantitative, and that they are not capable of differentiating between small increases in the glucose content of body fluids, such as e.g. urine.
I US patentskrift nr. 3.092.465 er der angitt en indikator for bestemmelse av glucose, eksempelvis i blod, på basis av et bærermateriale impregnert med en bestanddel som utviser peroxydativ aktivitet, glucosidase, samt et indikatormateriale som oxyderes i nærvær av peroxyd, og hvor bæreren er belagt med en semipermeabel film. Den semipermeable film tjener i fd.rste rekke til å forhindre at de farvede bestanddeler, eksempelvis i blod, trenger inn i bæreren og derved maskerer den onskede farvereaksjon. Ifolge ek-semplene i dette patent anvendes o-toluidinhydroklorid som indikator som forandrer farve i nærvær av hydrogenperoxyd; for et slikt indikatormateriale vil de. reaksjoner som finner sted ikke kunne forlope cyclisk, slik som beskrevet nærmere i det efterfolgende. In US patent no. 3,092,465, an indicator is specified for the determination of glucose, for example in blood, on the basis of a carrier material impregnated with a component that exhibits peroxidative activity, glucosidase, as well as an indicator material that is oxidized in the presence of peroxide, and where the carrier is coated with a semipermeable film. The semipermeable film primarily serves to prevent the colored components, for example in blood, from penetrating into the carrier and thereby masks the desired color reaction. According to the examples in this patent, o-toluidine hydrochloride is used as an indicator which changes color in the presence of hydrogen peroxide; for such indicator material they will. reactions that take place cannot proceed cyclically, as described in more detail below.
Der er nu overraskende funnet at man kan unngå en cyclisk reaksjon -i et indikatornrateria le omfattende en .bærer, gluco-oxydase, en peroxydativ forbindelse og et vannopploselig jodsalt når bæreren er belagt med en semipermeabel film som er særpreget ved det som er angitt i kravets karakteriserende del. It has now surprisingly been found that a cyclic reaction can be avoided in an indicator matrix comprising a carrier, gluco-oxidase, a peroxidative compound and a water-soluble iodine salt when the carrier is coated with a semi-permeable film which is characterized by what is stated in the claim's characterizing part.
Som bemerket ovenfor er der nu funnet at en utmerket semikvantitativ glucoseprove kan erholdes ved å anvende et vannopploselig jodid som et kromogen i et enzymatisk glucoseprovesystem. Imidlertid er anvendelsen av bare et slikt jodid ikke tilstrekkelig til å erholde det bnskede resultat. Der er funnet at hvis en slik proveanordning som omfatter kun glucose-oxydase, peroxydase og et jodidsalt, dyppes i en urinprbve, inneholdende glucose, og derefter oyeblikkelig trekkes opp, vil retensjonen av et overskudd av provevæsken forhindre at luftens oxygen får reagere med prdveblandingen, med det resultat at reaksjonen blir cyclisk, dvs. at det er antatt at når oxygen er utelukket fra å komme i kontakt med reaksjonssonen av et lag av væske over anordningen, vil en del av den frie jod virke som et oxyderingsmidde1 for den reduserte glucose-oxydase, dannet under reaksjonen. Således vil jodidet ikke fungere effektivt som et indika-tormateriale, men delta i gluco-oxydase-glucose-reaksj onen. As noted above, it has now been found that an excellent semi-quantitative glucose sample can be obtained by using a water-soluble iodide as a chromogen in an enzymatic glucose sample system. However, the use of only one such iodide is not sufficient to obtain the desired result. It has been found that if such a sample device comprising only glucose oxidase, peroxidase and an iodide salt is dipped into a urine sample containing glucose and then immediately drawn up, the retention of an excess of the sample liquid will prevent the oxygen of the air from reacting with the sample mixture, with the result that the reaction becomes cyclic, i.e. that it is assumed that when oxygen is excluded from coming into contact with the reaction zone by a layer of liquid above the device, part of the free iodine will act as an oxidizing agent1 for the reduced glucose- oxidase, formed during the reaction. Thus, the iodide will not function effectively as an indicator material, but will participate in the gluco-oxidase-glucose reaction.
Der er nu funnet at hvis der påfdres et middel for å forhindre retensjon av et overskudd av provevæsken på proveanordain-gen, vil jodidet i stedet for å delta i gluco-oxydase-glucosereak-,sjonen, virke som et indikatormateriale hvorved der erholdes ut-merkede semikvantitative resultater. It has now been found that if a means is applied to prevent the retention of an excess of the sample fluid on the sample anordain, the iodide will instead of participating in the gluco-oxidase-glucose reaction, act as an indicator material by which it is obtained labeled semiquantitative results.
Det er således funnet at hvis en semipermeabel membran på-—fores på overfla ten-av en enzymatisk glucoseproveanordning, eller en enzymatisk proveblanding er inkorporert med en semipermeabel membran, eller en filmdannende polymerisk substans, vil membranen virke som e"t middel til å forhindre at et overskudd av væske fes-ter seg til prbveanordninge, og derved tillater luftens oxygen å komme i kontakt med reaksjonsblandingen, og folgelig vil jodidet omdannes til fri jod og derved fungere effektivt som et indikator-ma t e r i a 1 e . Thus, it has been found that if a semipermeable membrane is applied to the surface of an enzymatic glucose sample device, or an enzymatic sample mixture is incorporated with a semipermeable membrane, or a film-forming polymeric substance, the membrane will act as a means of preventing that an excess of liquid adheres to test devices, thereby allowing the oxygen of the air to come into contact with the reaction mixture, and consequently the iodide will be converted into free iodine and thereby function effectively as an indicator material.
De jodidsalter som er anvendbare er de som lett ioniseres i et vandig miljb og danner det karakteristiske jodion. Eksempler på jodidsalter som kan anvendes som indikatormaterialer er kaliumjodid, natriumjodid og a mm on i umj od id . I -tillegg til at saltet rna være ionoserbart, må det også bemerkes at den kationiske del av mo-lekylet ikke må innvirke på den enzymatiske katalyse av glucoseoxy-dasjonen. Av de egnede jodidsalter- vil okonomiske hensyn og spors-målet om tilgjengelighet, indikere at kaliumjodid er det foretrukne salt for anvendelse i forbindelse med fore liggende oppfinnelse. The iodide salts that are useful are those that are easily ionized in an aqueous environment and form the characteristic iodide ion. Examples of iodide salts that can be used as indicator materials are potassium iodide, sodium iodide and ammonium iodide. In addition to the salt rna being ionizable, it must also be noted that the cationic part of the molecule must not affect the enzymatic catalysis of the glucose oxidation. Of the suitable iodide salts, economic considerations and the trace measure of availability will indicate that potassium iodide is the preferred salt for use in connection with the present invention.
Prinsippet som danner grunnlaget for den enzymatiske reak-sjonsprove for glucose er vel kjent. Gluco-oxydase katalyserer den aerobe oxydasjon av glucose hvorved dannes gluconsyre og hydrogenperoxyd. Ved denne reaksjon vil hydrogen fjernet fra glucose reagere med luftens oxygen til hydrogenperoxyd. Denne reaksjon kan beskrives ved den folgende skjematiske ligning: The principle that forms the basis of the enzymatic reaction test for glucose is well known. Gluco-oxidase catalyzes the aerobic oxidation of glucose, whereby gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide are formed. In this reaction, hydrogen removed from glucose will react with the oxygen in the air to form hydrogen peroxide. This reaction can be described by the following schematic equation:
I tillegg til anvendelse av enzymet glucooxydase må syste-met som bemerket tidligere, også omfatte et materiale som utviser In addition to the use of the enzyme glucooxidase, the system, as noted earlier, must also include a material that exhibits
peroxydativ aktivitet. Blant de materialer som utviser denne aktivitet er den foretrukne forbindelse peroxydase i hestereddik eller peroxydase i potet. Imidlertid, i tillegg til disse naturlig fore-kommende peroxydasematerialer kan også anvendes andre organiske materialer som utviser lignende aktivitet. Eksempler på disse andre materialer er blod, rode blodceller alene, lyofilisert blod, urohe-min, metalloporphyriner og lignende forbindelser. peroxidative activity. Among the materials that exhibit this activity, the preferred compound is horseradish peroxidase or potato peroxidase. However, in addition to these naturally occurring peroxidase materials, other organic materials that exhibit similar activity can also be used. Examples of these other materials are blood, red blood cells alone, lyophilized blood, urohemin, metalloporphyrins and similar compounds.
For å erholde en prdveanordning som har den onskede stabi-litet, reaktivitet og sensibilitet bor de tidligere nevnte bestanddeler når de er i kontakt med væsken som skal undersokes, være buf-ret ved en hydrogenionekonsentrasjon fra ca. pH 3,4 til 7,2, og det foretrukne område er pH 5,0" - 6,0. Av de mange buffere som kan anvendes for å holde pH av bestanddelene i det onskede område,er der funnet at sitronsyre-natriumcitratbuffer gir det onskede resultat, og med minimal, påvirkning av den enzymatiske reaksjon som omfattes av prdvesystetnet. In order to obtain a test device that has the desired stability, reactivity and sensitivity, the previously mentioned components, when they are in contact with the liquid to be examined, should be buffered at a hydrogen ion concentration from approx. pH 3.4 to 7.2, and the preferred range is pH 5.0" - 6.0. Of the many buffers that can be used to keep the pH of the ingredients in the desired range, citric acid-sodium citrate buffer has been found to provide the desired result, and with minimal influence on the enzymatic reaction covered by the protein system.
Andre midler kan imidlertid anvendes for å holde en isohyd-risk pH tilstand, slike som fosfat, tartrat- og glutamatbuffersys-temer. However, other agents can be used to maintain an isohydric pH state, such as phosphate, tartrate and glutamate buffer systems.
I tillegg til anvendelse av et jodidsalt som kromogen i det foreliggende system' er; det fordelaktig- at en andre indikatorsub-stans inkluderes i proveblandingen. I denne henseende er der funnet at inkludering a:v et blått farvestoff i proveb landingen vil re-sultere i en farveforandring som folge av varierende konsentrasjo-ner av glucose, som går fra blått gjennom forskjellige nyanser av gront til brunt, eftersom konsentrasjonen av glucose oker. Av slike blå farvestoffer er dat funnet fordelaktig å anvende et kromogen som går fra blått til farveldst når det oxyderes av det hydrogenperoxyd som dannes ved prdveblandingens reaksjon med tilstedeværende glucose. I denne henseende er farvestoffer slike som indigocar-min og "brilliant blue FCF" spesielt godt egnet som kromogener. Andre farvestoffer som kan anvendes i foreliggende oppfinnelse er an-ilinblått, cyanolblått, patentblått, xylenblått V, og "Comassie In addition to the use of an iodide salt as chromogen in the present system; it is advantageous that a second indicator substance is included in the sample mixture. In this respect, it has been found that the inclusion of a blue dye in the sample preparation will result in a color change as a result of varying concentrations of glucose, which goes from blue through various shades of green to brown, since the concentration of glucose ocher. Of such blue dyes, it has been found advantageous to use a chromogen that goes from blue to pale green when it is oxidized by the hydrogen peroxide that is formed by the reaction of the powder mixture with the glucose present. In this respect, dyes such as indigocar-min and "brilliant blue FCF" are particularly suitable as chromogens. Other dyes that can be used in the present invention are aniline blue, cyanol blue, patent blue, xylene blue V, and "Comassie
brilliant blue". brilliant blue".
I tillegg til de ovenfor nevnte bestanddeler i prbveblan-dingen som deltar aktivt i provereaksjonen, kan andre hjelpestoffer også tilsettes. Slike hjelpestoffer omfatter fortykningsmid-ler som også fungerer som stabilisator for enzymet. I denne henseende er der funnet at en foretrukken proveblanding omfatter anvendelse av slike materialer som polyvinylpyrrolidon, natriumalgin-at, gelatin, okseserumalbumin, polyvinylalkohol og en copolymer av methylvinylether og rna leinanhydrid, slik som beskrevet i US patent nr. 3.453.180, og som kommersielt er kjent under navnet "Gantrez AN". Fremstillingen av en proveblanding som omfatter de aktivs bestanddeler som beskrevet ovenfor og som ytterligere omfatter "Gantrez" og "PVP", er funnet å være eksepsjonelt stabile. Med hensyn til anvendelse av polyvinylpyrrolidon er der funnet at dette materiale sammen med fri jod resulterer i dannelse av et farvekom-pleks, og dervid gir et forbedret indikatorsystem. En slik anvendelse er foretrukket i den foreliggende blanding. In addition to the above-mentioned constituents in the sample mixture which participate actively in the sample reaction, other excipients can also be added. Such excipients include thickeners which also act as stabilizers for the enzyme. In this regard, it has been found that a preferred sample mixture comprises the use of such materials as polyvinylpyrrolidone, sodium alginate, gelatin, bovine serum albumin, polyvinyl alcohol and a copolymer of methyl vinyl ether and rna leian anhydride, as described in US Patent No. 3,453,180, and which commercially is known under the name "Gantrez AN". The preparation of a trial mixture comprising the active ingredients as described above and further comprising "Gantrez" and "PVP" has been found to be exceptionally stable. With regard to the use of polyvinylpyrrolidone, it has been found that this material together with free iodine results in the formation of a color complex, thereby providing an improved indicator system. Such use is preferred in the present mixture.
Som%tidligere bemerket er det funnet nodvendig, når der anvendes jodidsa.lt som ind i ka tormater ia lé i den enzymatiske gluco-seprbve, å innbefatte i en slik blanding et middel for å forhindre eller begrense adhesjon av overskudd av væskeproven på proveanordningen. T denne henseende er en semipermeabel membran, slik som ethylcellulose, funnet å forhindre en slik vannretensjon. Andre celluloseforbindeIser og filmdannende substanser som gir samme ef-fekt, kan også utnyttes. Slike forbindelser omfatter cellulose-ethere og celluloseestere, såvelsom andre vannuppplbselige film-dannéride polymere materialer. Ethylcellulose er funnet å.være spesielt fordelaktig for anvendelse i foreliggende oppfinnelse. As previously noted, it has been found necessary, when iodide salt is used as a component in the enzymatic glucoseprbve, to include in such a mixture an agent to prevent or limit adhesion of an excess of the liquid sample to the sample device. In this regard, a semipermeable membrane, such as ethyl cellulose, has been found to prevent such water retention. Other cellulose compounds and film-forming substances that give the same effect can also be used. Such compounds include cellulose ethers and cellulose esters, as well as other water soluble film-forming polymeric materials. Ethyl cellulose has been found to be particularly advantageous for use in the present invention.
Med hensyn til de aktuelle forhold mellom- de aktive bestanddeler er der funnet at et rimelig konsentrasjonsområde kan anvendes. Som en generell retningslinje kan fblgende konsentra-sjonsområder anvendes. De opptitte tall er basert på oppløsningen av de aktive bestanddeler som skal innarbeides i en bærer for disse. With regard to the relevant ratios between the active ingredients, it has been found that a reasonable concentration range can be used. As a general guideline, the following concentration ranges can be used. The calculated figures are based on the dissolution of the active ingredients to be incorporated into a carrier for them.
Som tidligere anfort innarbeides prbve-blandingen i eller på en bærer, og å anvende denne kombinasjon som en dyppe- og avlesningsanordning. Dette kan oppnåes ved forskjellige metoder som omfatter impregnering av et sugende materiale med en opplosning av proveblandingen og derefter torking av den impregnerte prdveanordning, klebende feste på overflaten av bæreren en finfordelt blanding av bestanddelene, og lignende. Den foretrukne fremgangsmåte ved fremstilling er impregnering av en sugende bærer med en opplosning eller opplbsninger av proveblandingen, efterfulgt av torking. Når en sugende bærer anvendes, kan bærermaterialet omfattes av mange forskjellige substanser. F.eks. kan anvendes filtrerpapir, trespon, syntetisk plastfibermaterialej ikke-vevede og vevecle tekstiler og lignende ved denne utforelsesform. Det foretrukne sugende materiale er filterpa-pir med tykkelse i området 0,25 - 0,50 mm. Straks bærermaterialet; er blitt impregnert med provekomposisjonen og tbrket, kan den semiper-me-able membran påfores ved at den impregnerte bærer dyppes i en opplosning av et filmdannende polymerisk materiale opplost i et organisk opplosningsmiddel, hvorefter proveanordningen underkastes en fornyet torking. En annen måte for fremstilling av proveanordningen. består kun av å blande proveblandingen med en filmdannende polymer substans og påfbre en slik blanding på en bærer eller anordning for dertne. As stated previously, the prbve mixture is incorporated into or on a carrier, and to use this combination as a dipping and reading device. This can be achieved by various methods which include impregnation of an absorbent material with a solution of the sample mixture and then drying of the impregnated prdve device, adhesive attachment to the surface of the support of a finely divided mixture of the constituents, and the like. The preferred method of manufacture is impregnation of an absorbent carrier with a solution or solutions of the sample mixture, followed by drying. When an absorbent carrier is used, the carrier material can comprise many different substances. E.g. filter paper, wood shavings, synthetic plastic fiber material, non-woven and woven textiles and the like can be used in this embodiment. The preferred absorbent material is filter paper with a thickness in the range of 0.25 - 0.50 mm. Immediately the carrier material; has been impregnated with the sample composition and used, the semi-permeable membrane can be applied by dipping the impregnated carrier in a solution of a film-forming polymeric material dissolved in an organic solvent, after which the sample device is subjected to renewed drying. Another way of producing the sample device. consists only of mixing the sample mixture with a film-forming polymeric substance and applying such a mixture to a carrier or device for it.
Fremgangsmåten ved bruk av proveanordningen ifolge foreliggende oppfinnelse skal beskrives i det følgende. Ved utforelse av en påvisningsprove for glucose blir proveanordningen dyppet i væsken som skal undersokes, som vanligvis er ea urinp-rove, og derefter øyeblik-kelig trukket opp av væsken. Dette må gjores siden pH av den fuktede anordning vanligvis.må domineres av bufferen i provekomposisionen. Hvis proveanordningen fikk forbli i væsken i et lengere tidsrom, er der fare for at bestanddelene i provekomposisjonen kan vaskes ut fra bæreren og inn i væsken. Imidlertid er en slik vaskeeffekt vesentlig forhindret ved anvendelse av den semipermeable membran som beskrevet ovenfor. Farven som fremkommer som folge av tilstedeværende glucose i provevæsken,avleses derefter ved en visuell sammenligning med et tidligere fremstillet farvekart. Forskjellige instrumentelle metoder kan også anvendes for bestemmelse av den oppståtte farve og derved forbedre nøyaktigheten av prdvemetoden ved å eliminere den vi-suelle subjektive bestemmelse av den dannede farve. Imidlertid,som tidligere bemerket,utviser proveanordningen et meget vidt farveom-slagsområde som folge av den nye innforing av to kromogene substanser i den foreliggende proveblanding, hvorved muligheten for en slik sub-jektiv menneskelig feil vesentlig reduseres. The procedure for using the test device according to the present invention shall be described in the following. When carrying out a detection sample for glucose, the sample device is dipped into the liquid to be examined, which is usually a urine sample, and then immediately drawn up from the liquid. This must be done since the pH of the wetted device must usually be dominated by the buffer in the sample composition. If the sample device was allowed to remain in the liquid for a longer period of time, there is a risk that the components of the sample composition may be washed out of the carrier and into the liquid. However, such a washing effect is substantially prevented by using the semipermeable membrane as described above. The color that appears as a result of the glucose present in the sample liquid is then read by visual comparison with a previously produced color map. Different instrumental methods can also be used to determine the resulting color and thereby improve the accuracy of the test method by eliminating the visual subjective determination of the color formed. However, as previously noted, the sample device exhibits a very wide color coverage area as a result of the new introduction of two chromogenic substances in the present sample mixture, whereby the possibility of such subjective human error is significantly reduced.
Den aktuelle sammensetning av proveblandingen ifolge foreliggende oppfinnelse illustreres ved det folgende eksempel: The relevant composition of the sample mixture according to the present invention is illustrated by the following example:
Eksempel Example
De folgende bestanddeler ble blandet trinnvis for fremstilling av lOO ml opplosning av proveblandingen. The following ingredients were mixed step by step to produce 100 ml solution of the sample mixture.
"Whatman 3 MM" papir ble impregnert med den ovenfor nevnte opplosning som fikk renne av, og derefter ble papiret torket i en tun-neltdrker ved 85°C i 7 minutter. Efter at papiret var fjernet fra torketunnellen, ble det impregnerte papir dyppet i en opplosning av 0,85 g ethylcelluiose opplost i lOO ml benzen. Efter at papiret var "Whatman 3 MM" paper was impregnated with the above solution which was allowed to drain, and then the paper was dried in a tunnel dryer at 85°C for 7 minutes. After the paper was removed from the drying tunnel, the impregnated paper was dipped into a solution of 0.85 g of ethyl cellulose dissolved in 100 ml of benzene. After the paper was
fjernet fra den annen impregneringsoppldsning, ble papiret tdrket pånytt, kuttet i små ca. ,5 x 5 mfn kvadrater som ble festet til en-den av strimler av en væskeavstotende plastfilm som var ca. 5 mm bred og ca. 6 cm lang. De på denne måle frems ti Hede proveanord-ninger ble bragt i kontakt med forskjellige urinprover med stigende innhold a-v glucose fra ca. 0 til 2 vekt% med f olgende resultater: removed from the second impregnation solution, the paper was dried again, cut into small approx. .5 x 5 mfn squares that were attached to one another by strips of a liquid-repellent plastic film that was approx. 5 mm wide and approx. 6 cm long. The ten Hede sample devices on this scale were brought into contact with different urine samples with increasing a-v glucose content from approx. 0 to 2% by weight with the following results:
Som det fremgår av de ovenfor gitte resultater oppnåes utmerket kvantifisering av glucoseinnholdet ved anvendelse av proveblandingen fremstillet ifolge foreliggende oppfinnelse. Et kommersielt tilgjengelig produkt i hvilket orthotolidin anvendes som in-dikatormateria le i stedet for et jodidsalt, var delvis istand til å kvantifisere de ovenfor nevnte glucosekonsentrasjoner opp til ikke ratre enn 0,5 vekt% glucose. As can be seen from the results given above, excellent quantification of the glucose content is achieved by using the sample mixture prepared according to the present invention. A commercially available product in which orthotolidine is used as indicator material instead of an iodide salt was partially capable of quantifying the above-mentioned glucose concentrations up to no more than 0.5% by weight of glucose.
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US00866730A US3814668A (en) | 1969-10-15 | 1969-10-15 | Method and device for the semi-quantitative determination of glucose in aqueous fluids |
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Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3183173A (en) * | 1963-06-10 | 1965-05-11 | Miles Lab | Test composition for detecting hydrogen peroxide |
US3438737A (en) * | 1965-10-01 | 1969-04-15 | Miles Lab | Protein test composition,device and method |
-
1969
- 1969-10-15 US US00866730A patent/US3814668A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1970
- 1970-09-28 CA CA094236A patent/CA926282A/en not_active Expired
- 1970-09-29 ZA ZA706650*A patent/ZA706650B/en unknown
- 1970-10-08 CH CH1494370A patent/CH558530A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1970-10-10 ES ES384417A patent/ES384417A1/en not_active Expired
- 1970-10-13 GB GB4866970A patent/GB1320957A/en not_active Expired
- 1970-10-13 NL NL7014994A patent/NL7014994A/xx unknown
- 1970-10-14 NO NO703869A patent/NO130520C/no unknown
- 1970-10-14 FR FR7037103A patent/FR2065939A5/fr not_active Expired
- 1970-10-14 SE SE13894/70A patent/SE360178B/xx unknown
- 1970-10-14 JP JP45089744A patent/JPS5039558B1/ja active Pending
- 1970-10-14 BE BE70@@@@@@@@A patent/BE757507A/en unknown
- 1970-10-14 DK DK521970AA patent/DK139795B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2065939A5 (en) | 1971-08-06 |
ZA706650B (en) | 1971-05-27 |
CA926282A (en) | 1973-05-15 |
DE2050481A1 (en) | 1971-04-29 |
JPS5039558B1 (en) | 1975-12-17 |
ES384417A1 (en) | 1973-09-16 |
NL7014994A (en) | 1971-04-19 |
US3814668A (en) | 1974-06-04 |
DK139795B (en) | 1979-04-17 |
CH558530A (en) | 1975-01-31 |
SE360178B (en) | 1973-09-17 |
DE2050481B2 (en) | 1976-12-23 |
DK139795C (en) | 1979-10-15 |
BE757507A (en) | 1971-03-16 |
NO130520C (en) | 1974-12-27 |
GB1320957A (en) | 1973-06-20 |
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