NO129697B

NO129697B -

Info

Publication number: NO129697B
Application number: NO714049A
Authority: NO
Inventors: A Schmitter
Original assignee: A Schmitter
Priority date: 1970-11-03
Filing date: 1971-11-02
Publication date: 1974-05-13
Also published as: JPS5721621B1; FR2112417A1; BE774690A; CA969772A; GB1373407A; AT320243B; TR17728A; FR2112417B1; NL7115164A; ES201006U; ES201006Y; US3791092A

Description

Hulkassebærer av et nedre og et øvre av Hollow case carrier of a lower and an upper of

betong bestående armert byggeelement og fremgangsmåte til f rettstilling av hulkas seetæ-rer en. concrete consisting of a reinforced building element and a method for straightening hole gas seeders a.

Foreliggende oppfinnelse vedrører en kas-sedrager eller The present invention relates to a box carrier or

såkalt hu lk a s sghtg& ev: som ■omfatter et nedre og et øvre av betong bestående affmeefe brøgeeLeznen-t, hvilke elementer i langsgående retning ©ar stivt forbundet me.d hvearandare qg danner et lukket tverr- so-called hu lk a s sghtg& ev: which ■comprises a lower and an upper made of concrete affmeefe brøgeeLeznen-t, which elements in the longitudinal direction ©are rigidly connected with hvearandare qg form a closed cross-

snitt, idet det ne otre elameats v-eg® flate, sett i tverrsnitt, for- section, as the outer elameat's v-eg® surface, seen in cross-section, for-

løper oppstigende utøyer p®% de<fe øvre elementet. running ascending extremity p®% de<fe the upper element.

Hensikten med oppfinnelsen er å tilveiebringe en hulkasse- The purpose of the invention is to provide a hollow box-

fesrer med stor høyde og stor s&e^vidée, hvor de to elementer er skyve fast <p>g stivt forbundet mejd hverandre, slik at det med minst mulig materialforbruk kan freng;tiLLe« bærere med forskjellig høyde. fessers with great height and great visibility, where the two elements are pushed firmly <p>and rigidly connected to each other, so that with the least possible consumption of material, carriers of different heights can be broken.

Oppfirihélsén kåråktériséfés véd åt dét i hvér av dé to forbihdélsésstedsonér ér anbrakt ét ihhstøphingsåvshitt sbfti ligger åh mot begge elementer og åt det ér innlagt éh årmérihg som strekker seg' langs bærerens omkrets og som i bærerens sidevegger og i de til disse sidevegger tilliggende veggflåtesonér som ligger i nærheten av sideveggene eir anordnet i nærheten åv veggenes ytre begrensning, idet armerihgsåvsnittéhe av dé to elementer rager inn i innstøpningsavshittet i hvilket dé overlapper hverandre. The structural integrity of the core is determined by the fact that in each of the two pass-through zones, a cast-in-place sbfti lies against both elements and that there is an anchor that extends along the perimeter of the carrier and that in the side walls of the carrier and in the wall rafter zones adjacent to these side walls, which are in the vicinity of the side walls, they are arranged close to the outer boundary of the walls, as the cross-sections of the two elements project into the embedding space in which they overlap each other.

Oppfinnelsen skål nærmere beskrives i dét følgende under henvisning til vedlagte tegninger, hvor: The invention is described in more detail below with reference to the attached drawings, where:

Fig. 1 viser en første utførelsesf.orm åv en hulkassebærer Fig. 1 shows a first embodiment of a hollow box carrier

i tverrsnitt. in cross section.

Fig. 2 viser en andre utførelsesform av én hulkassebærer Fig. 2 shows a second embodiment of one hollow box carrier

i tverrsnitt. in cross section.

Fig. 3 viser et eksempel på anvendelse av en hulkassebærer Fig. 3 shows an example of the use of a hollow box carrier

i henhold til den foreliggende oppfinnelse. according to the present invention.

Fig. 4 viser et snitt, i likhet med fig. 1, av en modi-fisert utføreIsesform av hulkassebæreren. Fig. 1 viser en hulkassebærer av lukket tverrsnittsform, som omfatter et skallformet betongelement 1 og et betongelement av omvendt U- eller renneform, søm er stivt forbundet med hverandre. Fig. 4 shows a section, similar to fig. 1, of a modified embodiment of the hollow box carrier. Fig. 1 shows a hollow box carrier of closed cross-sectional shape, which comprises a shell-shaped concrete element 1 and a concrete element of an inverted U- or gutter shape, seams are rigidly connected to each other.

Dekkelementet 2 består av et dekkparti 3 som på begge The cover element 2 consists of a cover part 3 as on both

sider går over i sidevegger 4, hvis innbyrdes avstand øker svakt i nedadgående retning. Sideveggenes 4 endeflater heller i noen grad utad-oppad. Sideveggenes 4 yttersider er i to soner 6 som er beliggende i avstand fra hverandré, forsynt med forsenkede yegg-pårtier, hvorvéd det dannes utadrageride, ikke viste knaster. En innleiret armering 7 i elementets 2 dekkparti 3 strekker seg over hele denne del, hvorved armeringen-s ehdepartiér 8 på begge sider av dekket 3 rager u-t-åd fra dette og ihh i ét dekk- og f orbindelses-sjikt 9 av betong, som derved ligger an mot sideveggenes yttersider. Armeringens ehdepartiér 8 sm er beliggende i betongsjiktene 9, sides merge into side walls 4, the distance between them increases slightly in the downward direction. The 4 end surfaces of the side walls lean somewhat outwards-upwards. The outer sides of the side walls 4 are in two zones 6 which are located at a distance from each other, provided with recessed yegg pårties, whereon, unexposed knobs are formed. An embedded reinforcement 7 in the cover part 3 of the element 2 extends over this entire part, whereby the reinforcement parts 8 on both sides of the cover 3 protrude outward from this and in one cover and connection layer 9 of concrete, which thereby abutting against the outer sides of the side walls. The reinforcing parts 8 sm are located in the concrete layers 9,

eir bøyet hédåd i rett vinkel; eir bent hédåd at a right angle;

Armeringen 7 ér i dekkets-3 område stort sett horisontal mens dekket, i overensstémiriélse méd dét statiske moment med hensyn til armeringen 7, er hevét i tverrsnittsflatens midtsone såmt senket i tverrsnittsf latens endepartiéir. Dét eir dérvéd båre anordnet ett armeringssjikt méd tvérsgåéhdé sténger. The reinforcement 7 is largely horizontal in the area of the deck 3, while the deck, in accordance with the static moment with regard to the reinforcement 7, is raised in the middle zone of the cross-sectional area and lowered in the end portions of the cross-sectional area. It is therefore necessary to arrange a reinforcement layer with transverse bars.

Skallelementet 1 omfatter et sylinderformet midtparti The shell element 1 comprises a cylindrical central part

som går over i oppadbuede randsoner, hvis ytterpartier ender i en helningsvinkel på 40° til 50°. which transitions into upwardly curved edge zones, the outer parts of which end at an angle of inclination of 40° to 50°.

Elementets 1 øvre veggendeflate er stort sett horisontal The upper wall surface of element 1 is largely horizontal

og danner samtidig fugeflaten mellom elementene 1 og 2. Inner-kantene av det øvre elements 2 sidevegger 4 faller derved sammen med de øvre innerkanter av det nedre elements 1 sidevegg. Det skallformede element 1 har imidlertid større veggtykkelse enn det øvre elements 2 sidevegger 4, slik at elementets 1 vegg i forbin-delsessonen rager utad i forhold til det øvre elements sidevegger 4. De betongsjikt 9 som forbinder de to elementer 1 og 2, er i sine nedre endepartier forbundet med de øvre ytterkanter av det nedre elements vegg og strekker seg derved oppad til dekkeflaten i det øvre elements dekke 3 og er forbundet med denne. Betongsjiktene 9 øker i tykkelse i oppadgående retning og danner, sammen med det øvre elements 2 sidevegger, de i forhold til midtplanet symmetrisk beliggende sidevegger i hulkassebæreren som avtar i tykkelse nedad. and at the same time forms the joint surface between the elements 1 and 2. The inner edges of the side walls 4 of the upper element 2 thereby coincide with the upper inner edges of the side wall of the lower element 1. However, the shell-shaped element 1 has a greater wall thickness than the side walls 4 of the upper element 2, so that the wall of the element 1 in the connection zone protrudes outwards in relation to the side walls 4 of the upper element. The concrete layers 9 that connect the two elements 1 and 2 are in its lower end portions connected to the upper outer edges of the lower element's wall and thereby extends upwards to the cover surface in the upper element's cover 3 and is connected to this. The concrete layers 9 increase in thickness in the upward direction and form, together with the side walls of the upper element 2, the symmetrically located side walls in the hollow box carrier in relation to the center plane which decrease in thickness downwards.

Det skallformede element 1 er likeledes forsynt med en armering 10 som på begge sider rager utad fra de utadskytende partier av elementveggens endeflater og fortsetter oppad i betongfor-bindelsessjiktene 9, hvori de stiger til nivå med det øvre elements 2 dekke 3. Armeringens øvre partier overlapper derved de nedad-bøyde ender av elementets 2 utadragende armering 7 og er beliggende på utsiden av disse. The shell-shaped element 1 is likewise provided with a reinforcement 10 which on both sides projects outwards from the outwardly projecting parts of the element wall's end surfaces and continues upwards into the concrete connection layers 9, in which they rise to the level of the upper element 2 cover 3. The upper parts of the reinforcement overlap thereby the downwardly bent ends of the projecting reinforcement 7 of the element 2 and are located on the outside of these.

Det nedre element 1 er derved bare forsynt med et armeringssjikt som er beliggende i nærheten av elementets 1 ytterflate og hvis krumning motsvarer elementveggens. The lower element 1 is thereby only provided with a reinforcement layer which is situated close to the outer surface of the element 1 and whose curvature corresponds to that of the element wall.

Armeringssjiktene 7 og 10 består fortrinnsvis av parallelle stenger som er anordnet i liten, innbyrdes avstand (ca. 15 cm) The reinforcement layers 7 and 10 preferably consist of parallel bars which are arranged at a small distance from each other (approx. 15 cm)

og som på den beskrevne måte rager innad i forbindelsessjiktene 9. and which in the described manner protrudes into the connecting layers 9.

Det nedre element 1 er videre forsynt med forspenningskabler 11. Ytterligere forspenningskabler 12 er anbrakt i den øvre del av forbindelsessjiktene 9. De sistnevnte kabler 12 på-virker derved det totale bærertverr^nitt. The lower element 1 is also provided with bias cables 11. Additional bias cables 12 are placed in the upper part of the connection layers 9. The latter cables 12 thereby affect the total carrier cross-section.

Det øvre element 2 fremstilles vanligvis av betong i en form av vibrobord-type. Det nedre element 1 fremstilles i en åpen form ved hjelp av en i langsgående retning forskyvbar tilvirknings-anordning. Formens langsider er forsynt' med oppadragende forskalingsvegger. Det øvre element 2 plasseres på- det nedre element 1 som derved fremdeles befinner seg i den åpne form. Fersk betong blir deretter ifylt og innvibrert i mellomrommet mellom sideveggene 4 og de ovennevnte forskalingsvegger. Det påses derved at den ferske betong trenger inn i sideveggenes 4 forsenkede partier og forbindes med sideflatene og endeflatene av det nedre elements 1 veggparti.. The upper element 2 is usually made of concrete in a shape of a vibrating table type. The lower element 1 is produced in an open form by means of a longitudinally displaceable manufacturing device. The long sides of the form are provided with upwardly extending formwork walls. The upper element 2 is placed on the lower element 1, which is thus still in the open form. Fresh concrete is then filled and vibrated in the space between the side walls 4 and the above-mentioned formwork walls. It is thereby ensured that the fresh concrete penetrates into the 4 recessed sections of the side walls and is connected to the side surfaces and end surfaces of the lower element's 1 wall section.

Det fremstår derved en høy hulkassebærer for store spenn-vidder, med en stiv og skyvefast forbindelse mellom elementene. Det er dessuten tilveiebrakt en hulkassebærer som er utstyrt ute-lukkende med ett eneste armeringssjikt som omgir bærerens tverrsnitt og derved danner en lukket ramme. Fig. 2 viser en hulkassebærer som er særlig egnet ved bygging av trafikkårer, såsom motorveier, broer m.v. Ved bygging av kjøreveier blir det øvre elements 2 dekke påført et betongsjikt 13 som således danner veiens kjørebanesjikt. Det er i dette øyemed, i dekkets midtparti og i forbindelsessjiktene 9, innleiret armering henh. 14 og 15 som rager oppad og som derved er bøyet i hdrisontalstilling. Fig. 3 viser et tverrsnitt av en bro, hvor det er benyttet tre hulkassebærere 16,17 og 18 som i lengderetning er anbrakt side ved side. Disse bærere 16, 17 og 18 er opplagret fullstendig atskilt fra hverandre. Hver av bærerne 16 og 17 danner en lengdeseksjon av en kjørebane, mens bæreren 18 danner en lengdeseksjon av en gangbane. Denne bærer er i dette øyemed anbrakt i over-høyde, slik at dens sidevegg tjener som kjørebanekantsten. Bæreren 18 heller -svakt utad-nedad, mens de to bærere 16 og 17 heller svakt mot hverandre, samt nedad. This results in a high hollow box carrier for large spans, with a rigid and slide-resistant connection between the elements. A hollow box carrier is also provided which is equipped exclusively with a single reinforcement layer which surrounds the cross-section of the carrier and thereby forms a closed frame. Fig. 2 shows a hollow box carrier which is particularly suitable for the construction of traffic arteries, such as motorways, bridges etc. When building roads, a concrete layer 13 is applied to the cover of the upper element 2, which thus forms the road's carriageway layer. For this purpose, in the middle part of the tire and in the connecting layers 9, reinforcement is embedded acc. 14 and 15 which project upwards and which are thereby bent in a horizontal position. Fig. 3 shows a cross-section of a bridge, where three hollow box carriers 16, 17 and 18 are used which are placed side by side in the longitudinal direction. These carriers 16, 17 and 18 are stored completely separated from each other. Each of the carriers 16 and 17 forms a longitudinal section of a carriageway, while the carrier 18 forms a longitudinal section of a walkway. For this purpose, this support is placed at an above-height level, so that its side wall serves as a road curb. The carrier 18 leans -slightly outwards-downwards, while the two carriers 16 and 17 lean weakly towards each other, and also downwards.

Det er■innlysende at et vilkårlig antall bærere kan sammen-føyes i lengderetning. It is obvious that an arbitrary number of carriers can be joined together in the longitudinal direction.

Det kan anbringes varmeelementer i kassebærernes hulrom. Heating elements can be placed in the cavity of the box carriers.

Fig. 4 viser en bærer, hvis eneste forskjell fra bæreren ifølge fig. 1 består i et spenhingsopptakerelement 2 0 som i høyde-retning er anordnet omtrent i bærertverrsnittets midtparti og derved er beliggende loddrett på symmetri aksen-. Elementet 2 0 strekker seg mellom bærerens sidevegger og trenger mellom de to elementer 1 og 2 gjennom og inn i forbindelsessjiktene 9, hvori dets oppadbøyde endepartier forankres på hensiktsmessig måte. Dette element 20 kan bestå av en blikkplate, hvor tykkelse og forankring er beregnet i overensstemmelse med de opptredende belastninger. Det kan eventuelt, i stedet for blikkplaten, anvendes innbyrdes atskilte metallstaver, f.eks. stålstaver, hvis diameter, innbyrdes avstand og endeforankring beregnes ut fra den samme belastning. Fig. 4 shows a carrier whose only difference from the carrier according to fig. 1 consists of a tension hinge receiver element 20 which, in the height direction, is arranged approximately in the middle part of the carrier cross-section and is thereby situated vertically on the axis of symmetry. The element 20 extends between the side walls of the carrier and penetrates between the two elements 1 and 2 through and into the connecting layers 9, in which its upwardly bent end parts are anchored in an appropriate manner. This element 20 can consist of a tin plate, the thickness and anchoring of which are calculated in accordance with the occurring loads. Alternatively, instead of the tin plate, mutually separated metal rods can be used, e.g. steel rods, whose diameter, mutual distance and end anchoring are calculated based on the same load.

Fordelene ved det ovennevnte arrangement består i at det muliggjør høyere bærerbelastninger, idet spenningsopptakerelementet forhindrer en utbøyning i sideretning av bærerens sidevegger. Elementet 20 deler dessuten det indre bærerrom i to kanaler, hvorav den ene kan tjene for tilførsel og den annen for avledning av f.eks. luft. The advantages of the above-mentioned arrangement consist in the fact that it enables higher carrier loads, as the tension recording element prevents lateral deflection of the carrier's side walls. The element 20 also divides the inner carrier space into two channels, one of which can be used for supply and the other for diversion of e.g. air.

Ved fremstillingen av hulkassebæreren ifølge fig. 4, plasseres spenningsopptakerelementet 2 0 på elementet 1 som derved fremdeles befinner seg i den åpne form, hvoretter dekkeelementet 2 pålegges og forbindelsessjiktene 9 utstøpes. Hulkassebæreren ifølge fig. 2 kan selvfølgelig likeledes være utstyrt med ett eller flere spenningsopptakerelementer. In the production of the hollow box carrier according to fig. 4, the voltage recording element 20 is placed on the element 1 which is thereby still in the open form, after which the covering element 2 is applied and the connecting layers 9 are cast. The hollow case carrier according to fig. 2 can of course also be equipped with one or more voltage recording elements.

De beskrevne hulkassebærere kan også finne anvendelse som The described hollow box carriers can also be used as

takelementer. ceiling elements.

Dersom betongforbindelsessjiktet 9 utføres slik at det rager oppad over dekket, kan det dannes en renne. En slik bærer, kan ved et shedtak tjene som shedrenne. If the concrete connecting layer 9 is made so that it projects upwards above the deck, a gutter can be formed. Such a carrier, in the case of a shed roof, can serve as a shed gutter.

Hulkassebærerne kan videre anvendes som flytende betong-pontonger. The hollow box carriers can also be used as floating concrete pontoons.

Hulkassebærernes to endepartier kan, om nødvendig, lukkes. The two end parts of the hollow box carriers can, if necessary, be closed.

Det U-formede elements 2 høyde kan dessuten variere i elementets lengderetning, idet den f.eks. kan øke fra begge endeflatene mot midtpartiet, eller øke fra den ene en'deflate mot den andre. The height of the U-shaped element 2 can also vary in the longitudinal direction of the element, as it e.g. can increase from both end surfaces towards the middle part, or increase from one end'flat towards the other.

Hvert av hulkassebærerens endepartier er fortrinnsvis forsynt med et ytterligere armeringssjikt for opptakelse av de opptredende skjær- og hovedstrekkspenninger, som er anordnet i det nedre element og i forbindelsessjiktene og derved er forankret i det øvre element. Each of the end parts of the hollow box carrier is preferably provided with a further reinforcement layer for absorbing the occurring shear and main tensile stresses, which is arranged in the lower element and in the connecting layers and is thereby anchored in the upper element.

Claims

1. Hollow box carrier of a lower and an upper reinforced building element consisting of concrete, which elements are rigidly connected to each other in the longitudinal direction and form a closed cross-section, with the wall surface of the lower element, seen in cross-section, proceeding upwards towards the upper element, characterized by the fact that in each of the two connection areas there is an embedment section (9) which rests against both elements (1,2) and that a reinforcement is inserted which extends along the perimeter of the carrier and which is in the side walls of the carrier and in those of these wall surface zones adjacent to the side walls are arranged near the outer boundary of the walls, the reinforcement sections of the two elements projecting into the embedment section (9) in which they overlap each other.

2. Hollow box carrier as stated in claim 1, characterized in that said reinforcement together with said reinforcement section forms a self-closed hollow body which essentially consists of a reinforcement layer which is composed of several overlapping reinforcement sections.

3. Hollow box carrier as stated in claim 1, characterized in that both side walls of the carrier are essentially upwards.

4. Hollow box carrier as stated in claim 1, characterized in that one element (2) has a U-shaped cross-section, with the embedment sections (9) abutting the outer side of the U-shaped element, and that- this element exhibits in its cover wall a reinforcement that protrudes from the cover wall into the cast-in sections on both sides.

5. Hollow box carrier as specified in claims 1 and 4, characterized in that the second element (1) in the blocking zone extends outwards in relation to the first element (2) and exhibits a reinforcement that on both sides projects into the embedment sections which are an' against the protruding sections of it: second element (1).

6. Hollow box carrier as stated in claim 1, characterized in that in each of the two elements (1,2) there is a layer of reinforcement.

7. Hollow box carrier as specified in claim 1, characterized in that the reinforcement in the cover wall of the carrier runs largely in a straight line, and that the cover wall, seen in cross-section, in relation to the reinforcement is shifted upwards in the middle zone and downwards in the end parts.

8. Hollow box carrier as stated in claim 4, characterized in that the outer surface of the longitudinal walls of the first element (2) are arranged with recessed wall zones, respectively projecting cam sections, in which the embedment sections are located in engagement, respectively which engage in the embedment sections.

9. Hollow box carrier as stated in claim 5, characterized in that the second element (1) is shell-shaped, and that the first element (2) is placed with its side walls on the upper end surfaces of the shell wall.

10. Hollow box carrier as specified in claim lj characterized in that the embedment sections extend along the entire height of the side walls.

11. Hollow box carrier as stated in claim 1, characterized in that reinforcement sections project upwards from the carrier's cover wall and/or from the cast-in sections.

12. Hollow box carrier as specified in claim 1, characterized in that pretension cables are arranged in the lower element and in the upper part of the embedment sections.

13. Hollow box carrier as stated in claim 1, characterized in that at least one voltage recording element (20) is arranged inside the carrier which extends between the side walls of the carrier and is thereby anchored therein.

14. Hollow box carrier as stated in claim 13. characterized in that the voltage recording element is inserted between the two elements (1,2) and is thereby anchored in embedment sections at the side walls of the carrier, which connect the two elements (1,2).

15. Hollow box carrier as specified in claim 13, characterized in that the voltage recording element consists of a tin plate which divides the inner carrier space into two channels. 0

16. Hollow box carrier as specified in claim 13, characterized in that a number of metal rods are arranged at a distance from each other. -

17. Procedure for manufacturing. of the hollow case carrier as stated in claim 1-12, character e ■ r^i- :£^é^r-^. , where the lower element is produced in an open form and "so that the prefabricated upper element is placed on it: nedré;;' elemént> 4slil< • that the connecting points of the elements project reinforcement sections, and that these projecting reinforcement sections on both sides are brought to overlap, after which the embedment sections in the area of the overlapping reinforcement sections are cast.

18. Method for the production of a hollow box carrier as specified in claims 13-16, characterized in that initially one or more voltage recording elements {2f0) and then the prefabricated cover element (2) are placed on the shell-shaped element ( 1), after which the embedment of the nits cast/s^ V,