NO128902B - - Google Patents
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- Publication number
- NO128902B NO128902B NO01540/72*[A NO154072A NO128902B NO 128902 B NO128902 B NO 128902B NO 154072 A NO154072 A NO 154072A NO 128902 B NO128902 B NO 128902B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- treatment
- wood
- agent
- treatment agent
- takes place
- Prior art date
Links
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 210000002421 cell wall Anatomy 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229930040373 Paraformaldehyde Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002866 paraformaldehyde Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004848 polyfunctional curative Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010875 treated wood Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000011120 plywood Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000008331 Pinus X rigitaeda Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000011613 Pinus brutia Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000018646 Pinus brutia Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WXNZTHHGJRFXKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-chlorophenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 WXNZTHHGJRFXKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 AlCl^ Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 241000218657 Picea Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- VZTDIZULWFCMLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium formate Chemical compound [NH4+].[O-]C=O VZTDIZULWFCMLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
- B27K3/02—Processes; Apparatus
- B27K3/15—Impregnating involving polymerisation including use of polymer-containing impregnating agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L97/00—Compositions of lignin-containing materials
- C08L97/02—Lignocellulosic material, e.g. wood, straw or bagasse
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/16—Halogen-containing compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L61/00—Compositions of condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L61/04—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with phenols only
- C08L61/06—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with phenols only of aldehydes with phenols
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)
Description
Fremgangsmåte for overflatebehandling av tre. Procedure for surface treatment of wood.
Nærværende patent er et tilleggspatent til norsk patent nr. 126.779. Det norske patent nr. 126.779 vedrorer en fremgangsmåte for overflatebehandling av tre, hvorved treets overflatesjikt forbehandles med et middel som fremmer inntrengning av impregneringsmiddel i treoverflaten. Karakteristisk for frem-gangsmåten er at det som forbehandlingsmiddel velges en losningsmiddelfri, kondenser- eller polymeriserbar, hydrofil, tre-svellende eller trebestanddel-losende substans i flytende form, hvorved treoverflaten fortrinnsvis forbehandles og impregneres til en dybde på hoyst noen millimeter, men også opptil en femtedel av tre-tykkelsen, hvorefter substansen bringes til herding enten ved efterbehandling med herdere og varmebehandling, eller tilsvarende etterbehandling med et middel som kan bringes til å reagere med forbehandlingsmidlet under dannelse av en polymer. The present patent is an additional patent to Norwegian patent no. 126,779. The Norwegian patent no. 126,779 relates to a method for the surface treatment of wood, whereby the surface layer of the wood is pre-treated with an agent that promotes penetration of the impregnating agent into the wood surface. Characteristic of the method is that a solvent-free, condensable or polymerisable, hydrophilic, wood-swelling or wood-component-dissolving substance in liquid form is chosen as pretreatment agent, whereby the wood surface is preferably pretreated and impregnated to a depth of at most a few millimeters, but also up to one-fifth of the wood thickness, after which the substance is brought to hardening either by post-treatment with hardeners and heat treatment, or equivalent post-treatment with an agent that can be made to react with the pre-treatment agent to form a polymer.
Nærværende oppfinnelse har til oppgave å videreutvikle oven nevnte overflatebehandlingsfremgangsmåte, og å angi anvendbare behandlingsmidler for industriell anvendelse. The purpose of the present invention is to further develop the above-mentioned surface treatment method, and to specify applicable treatment agents for industrial use.
Nærværende oppfinnelse karakteriseres ved at forbehandlingen skjer ved en losning av formaldehyd og/eller lavmolekylært paraformaldehyd i fenol og/eller substituert fenol, og at det således forbehandlede treet behandles med sure eller alkaliholdige damper for innledning av herdingsreaksjonen, og at en i og for seg kjent varmebehandling skjer, hvilken kan være kombinert med en likeledes kjent mekanisk behandling av tre-overf laten. The present invention is characterized by the fact that the pre-treatment takes place by dissolving formaldehyde and/or low-molecular-weight paraformaldehyde in phenol and/or substituted phenol, and that the thus pre-treated wood is treated with acid or alkali-containing vapors to initiate the curing reaction, and that a known in and of itself heat treatment takes place, which can be combined with an equally known mechanical treatment of wood over lath.
Ifolge en utforelsesform utfores forbehandlingen ved forhoyet temperatur, hvorefter herdingen skjer ved etterbehandling med ammoniakk i gassform og oppvarmning. Alternativt kan forbehandlingen utfores ved romtemperatur, og til forbehandlingsmidlet tilsettes et ammoniumsalt av en sterk syre, f.eks. ammoniumklorid eller noe annet salt, f.eks. AlCl^, hvilket ved romtemperatur ikke. i nevneverdig grad påvirker forbehandlingsmidlet, men som ved den derefter folgende etterbehandlingen under varmepåvirkning nedbrytes under avgivelse av gasser, According to one embodiment, the pre-treatment is carried out at an elevated temperature, after which curing takes place by post-treatment with ammonia in gaseous form and heating. Alternatively, the pretreatment can be carried out at room temperature, and an ammonium salt of a strong acid is added to the pretreatment agent, e.g. ammonium chloride or some other salt, e.g. AlCl^, which at room temperature does not. to a significant extent affects the pre-treatment agent, but which in the subsequent post-treatment under the influence of heat breaks down with the release of gases,
slik at herding av forbehandlingsmidlet finner sted. so that curing of the pretreatment agent takes place.
Forbehandlingen kan utfores ved atmosfæretrykk eller bare The pretreatment can be carried out at atmospheric pressure or simply
svakt overtrykk, hvorved forbehandlingsmidlet bringes til å trenge inn, fortrinnsvis i cellevegger og hulrom i trematerialets overflatesjikt. Alternativt kan forbehandlingen også utfores ved forhoyet trykk, hvorved forbehandlingsmidlet bringes til å trenge inn dypere, hvorefter herdingen skjer ved forhoyet temperatur. weak overpressure, whereby the pre-treatment agent is caused to penetrate, preferably into cell walls and cavities in the surface layer of the wood material. Alternatively, the pre-treatment can also be carried out at elevated pressure, whereby the pre-treatment agent is caused to penetrate deeper, after which curing takes place at an elevated temperature.
Oppfinnelsen skal nærmere forklares ved hjelp av noen utfor-elseseksempler. The invention is to be explained in more detail with the help of some exemplary embodiments.
EKSEMPEL 1 EXAMPLE 1
Bord av furu ble impregnert med en losning av formaldehyd i fenol i blandingsforholdet (vekt) 1:1,8, som man erholdt enten ved sammensmelting av paraformaldehyd og fenol eller ved ab-sorpsjon av gassformig formaldehyd i smeltet fenol, ved 60 - 100°C og et overtrykk på 1 - 5 kp/cm i 30 - 60 min. Impregneringslosningen ble avtappet og impregneringsbeholderen ble fylt med ammoniakkgass til et overtrykk på 0,5 - 2 kp/- Pine boards were impregnated with a solution of formaldehyde in phenol in the mixing ratio (weight) 1:1.8, which was obtained either by fusion of paraformaldehyde and phenol or by absorption of gaseous formaldehyde in molten phenol, at 60 - 100° C and an overpressure of 1 - 5 kp/cm for 30 - 60 min. The impregnation solution was drained and the impregnation container was filled with ammonia gas to an excess pressure of 0.5 - 2 kp/-
cm 2 i 30 —60 min, hvorefter trematerialet ble oppvarmet til 80 - 100°C i 1-4 timer. Hvis man onsket en glatt overflate hos materialet kan en varmpressing utfores til slutt, f.eks. ved et overtrykk på 2 - 10 kp/cm og 140°C i 1 - 10 cm 2 for 30-60 min, after which the wood material was heated to 80 - 100°C for 1-4 hours. If a smooth surface of the material was desired, a hot pressing can be carried out at the end, e.g. at an overpressure of 2 - 10 kp/cm and 140°C for 1 - 10
min. De således behandlede bordene, som inneholdt 10 - 20" plast, som var konsentrert til treets overflatesjikt og avhengig av treets tykkelse, har en meget god hardhet og sli-tasje-resistens, og kan hensiktsmessig anvendes som gulv-materiale. my. The boards thus treated, which contained 10 - 20" of plastic, which was concentrated to the surface layer of the wood and depending on the thickness of the wood, have a very good hardness and resistance to wear, and can be suitably used as floor material.
EKSEMPEL 2 EXAMPLE 2
Bord av gran ble impregnert med en losning av 1 vektsdel formaldehyd i 1,8 vektsdeler av en blanding av fenol og en halo-genert fenol, f.eks. p-klorfenol ved 60- 100°C. Derved ble bordene plassert i en trykksylinder av konvensjonell utfdreise, samt utsatt for et svakt overtrykk på 1 - 4 kp/cm 2. Derefter ble forbehandlingslosningen pumpet inn i sylinderen, og trykket ble hoynet til 10 - 15 kp/cm 2 slik at en raskere og mere dyptgående impregnering av trematerialet fant sted. Spruce boards were impregnated with a solution of 1 part by weight of formaldehyde in 1.8 parts by weight of a mixture of phenol and a halogenated phenol, e.g. p-chlorophenol at 60-100°C. Thereby, the tables were placed in a pressure cylinder of conventional design, and exposed to a slight overpressure of 1 - 4 kp/cm 2. Then the pre-treatment solution was pumped into the cylinder, and the pressure was increased to 10 - 15 kp/cm 2 so that a faster and more in-depth impregnation of the wood material took place.
Efter 0,5 - 3 timer ble i sylinderen gjenværende forbehandlingsmiddel avtappet, og på grunn av det på forhånd pålagte trykket presses nå også losningen, som ikke hadde trengt inn i celleveggene, ut av treet, slik at man i forste rekke fikk en impregnering av celleveggene. Derefter fylles impregneringsbeholderen med ammoniakkgass til et overtrykk på 0,5 - 2 kp/cm i 30 - 60minutter, hvorefter materialet ble oppvarmet til 80 - 100°C i 1-4 timer. Derved erholdes et tremateriale med 10 - 30 % plast, hvilket oppviste såvel meget gode hold-fasthetsegenskaper som en utmerket dimensjons-stabilitet og god brannresistens. Det egner seg for anvendelse under van-skelige forhold utendors. After 0.5 - 3 hours, the pretreatment agent remaining in the cylinder was drained, and due to the pre-applied pressure, the solution, which had not penetrated the cell walls, is now also pressed out of the wood, so that primarily an impregnation of the cell walls. The impregnation container is then filled with ammonia gas to an overpressure of 0.5 - 2 kp/cm for 30 - 60 minutes, after which the material is heated to 80 - 100°C for 1 - 4 hours. This results in a wooden material with 10 - 30% plastic, which exhibits very good holding properties as well as excellent dimensional stability and good fire resistance. It is suitable for use in difficult outdoor conditions.
EKSEMPEL 3 EXAMPLE 3
Stykker av plywood ble neddyppet i en losning av formaldehyd Pieces of plywood were immersed in a solution of formaldehyde
i fenol i blandingsforholdet 1:1,8, og hvori det er lost 0,5 - 5% ammoniumklorid. Trestykkene får suge til seg lbsningen i 15 - 60 minutter, og tas derefter opp og oppvarmes i varme- in phenol in the mixing ratio 1:1.8, and in which 0.5 - 5% ammonium chloride has been dissolved. The pieces of wood are allowed to absorb the solution for 15 - 60 minutes, and are then taken up and heated in a heating
ovn ved 80 - 100°C i 1 - 2 timer. Det således erholdte produktet har en god slitasjeholdfasthet og evne til å motstå såvel vann som alkali. oven at 80 - 100°C for 1 - 2 hours. The product thus obtained has good abrasion resistance and the ability to resist both water and alkali.
EKSEMPEL 4 EXAMPLE 4
Overflaten til sponskiver ble sproytet med en losning av formaldehyd i fenol i blandingsforholdet 1:1,8, og hvori det var lost 0,5 - 5% ammoniumformiat. Vekten av tilsatt losning er 10 - 50% av overflatesponenes vekt. Overflatesponenes spredning og pressing utfores på konvensjonell måte ved f.eks. 150 o C, 20 kp/cm 2 og 5 min., og den således erholdte sponskiven har betydelige forbedrede overflate-tettende egen-skaper . The surface of sponge discs was sprayed with a solution of formaldehyde in phenol in the mixing ratio 1:1.8, and in which 0.5 - 5% ammonium formate had been dissolved. The weight of added loosening is 10 - 50% of the weight of the surface shavings. The spreading and pressing of the surface shavings is carried out in a conventional way by e.g. 150 o C, 20 kp/cm 2 and 5 min., and the sponge disc thus obtained has significantly improved surface-sealing properties.
EKSEMPEL 5 EXAMPLE 5
Finér ble behandlet på begge sider med en losning av formaldehyd i fenol ifolge foregående eksempel, forherdes og anvendes som overflatesjikt eventuelt også mellomsjikt ved tilvirkning av plywood, som derved erholder god slitasjeholdfasthet, utmerket vedheftning mellom sjiktene samt god bestandighet mot vann. Veneer was treated on both sides with a solution of formaldehyde in phenol according to the previous example, hardened and used as a surface layer, possibly also an intermediate layer in the production of plywood, which thereby obtains good abrasion resistance, excellent adhesion between the layers and good resistance to water.
EKSEMPEL 6 EXAMPLE 6
Telegrafstolper, staketstolper, jerbane-sviller eller lignende grovt virke av furu ble impregnert med en losning av formaldehyd i fenol i blandingsforholdet 1:1,8 i 1 - 2 timer ved 60 - 100°C og et overtrykk på 2 - 10 kp/cm<2>. Derefter ble impregneringslosningen avtappet og impregneringstanken fylt med NH^-gass til et overtrykk på 1 - 5 kp/cm ved en temperatur Telegraph poles, fence posts, jerbane sleepers or similar coarse pine work were impregnated with a solution of formaldehyde in phenol in the mixing ratio 1:1.8 for 1 - 2 hours at 60 - 100°C and an overpressure of 2 - 10 kp/cm <2>. Then the impregnation solution was drained and the impregnation tank filled with NH 2 gas to an overpressure of 1 - 5 kp/cm at a temperature
på 80 - 100°c i 1 - 2 timer. Det således behandlede trematerialet inneholder 5 - 15% plast til en dybde på 5 - 15 mm, hvilket gir materialet en utmerket overflatehårdhet og en god beskyttelse mot forråtnelse samt en forbedret holdfasthet. at 80 - 100°c for 1 - 2 hours. The wood material treated in this way contains 5 - 15% plastic to a depth of 5 - 15 mm, which gives the material an excellent surface hardness and a good protection against decay as well as an improved holding strength.
Det behandlede overflatesjiktets tykkelse tillater f.eks. The thickness of the treated surface layer allows e.g.
anvendelse av jernbrodder uten at det således erholdte over-flates jiktet gjennombrytes. application of iron spikes without breaking through the seal of the surface thus obtained.
EKSEMPEL 7 EXAMPLE 7
Torket plywoodfinér dyppes i en losning av formaldehyd i fenol i blandingsforholdet 1:1,8 i 1 - 10 min. ved 0-2 kp/cm overtrykk.Finér-arkene forherdes i varmeovn ved 50 - 100°C Dried plywood veneer is dipped in a solution of formaldehyde in phenol in the mixing ratio 1:1.8 for 1 - 10 min. at 0-2 kp/cm overpressure. The veneer sheets are hardened in a heating oven at 50 - 100°C
i ammoniakk-gassatmosfære i 15 - 60 min., og anvendes derefter på konvensjonell måte som overflatefinér ved plywood-tilvirkning. Det således fremstilte plywoodproduktet erholder en utmerket overf latehårdhe.t, slitasjeresistens samt god bestandighet mot fuktighet og alkali. in an ammonia gas atmosphere for 15 - 60 min., and then used in the conventional way as a surface veneer for plywood production. The plywood product produced in this way has an excellent surface hardness, wear resistance and good resistance to moisture and alkali.
Claims (6)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE7205623A SE400041B (en) | 1972-04-27 | 1972-04-27 | PROCEDURE FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF WOOD BY SURFACE IMPREGNATION AND HARDENING OF A PLASTIC COAT |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NO128902B true NO128902B (en) | 1974-01-28 |
Family
ID=20266856
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO01540/72*[A NO128902B (en) | 1972-04-27 | 1972-05-02 |
Country Status (14)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS4941509A (en) |
| AT (1) | AT367677B (en) |
| BE (1) | BE798734R (en) |
| CA (1) | CA995073A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH581012A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2320221A1 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI59746C (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2182065B2 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1432694A (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1045470B (en) |
| NL (1) | NL7305868A (en) |
| NO (1) | NO128902B (en) |
| SE (1) | SE400041B (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA732834B (en) |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE231148C (en) * | ||||
| FR792588A (en) * | 1935-07-12 | 1936-01-06 | Ig Farbenindustrie Ag | Process to give wood a smooth surface |
| BE712436A (en) * | 1968-03-19 | 1968-07-31 |
-
1972
- 1972-04-27 SE SE7205623A patent/SE400041B/en unknown
- 1972-05-02 NO NO01540/72*[A patent/NO128902B/no unknown
- 1972-05-02 FI FI1239/72A patent/FI59746C/en active
-
1973
- 1973-04-19 DE DE2320221A patent/DE2320221A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1973-04-24 CA CA169,318A patent/CA995073A/en not_active Expired
- 1973-04-25 FR FR7314961A patent/FR2182065B2/fr not_active Expired
- 1973-04-25 CH CH587773A patent/CH581012A5/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1973-04-26 NL NL7305868A patent/NL7305868A/xx not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1973-04-26 JP JP48048349A patent/JPS4941509A/ja active Pending
- 1973-04-26 BE BE130424A patent/BE798734R/en active
- 1973-04-26 ZA ZA732834A patent/ZA732834B/en unknown
- 1973-04-26 IT IT23457/73A patent/IT1045470B/en active
- 1973-04-27 AT AT0376273A patent/AT367677B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1973-04-27 GB GB2016073A patent/GB1432694A/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CH581012A5 (en) | 1976-10-29 |
| NL7305868A (en) | 1973-10-30 |
| ATA376273A (en) | 1981-12-15 |
| GB1432694A (en) | 1976-04-22 |
| JPS4941509A (en) | 1974-04-18 |
| DE2320221A1 (en) | 1973-11-08 |
| FI59746B (en) | 1981-06-30 |
| AU5486973A (en) | 1974-10-31 |
| FR2182065B2 (en) | 1977-09-23 |
| AT367677B (en) | 1982-07-26 |
| SE400041B (en) | 1978-03-13 |
| CA995073A (en) | 1976-08-17 |
| IT1045470B (en) | 1980-05-10 |
| FR2182065A2 (en) | 1973-12-07 |
| FI59746C (en) | 1981-10-12 |
| ZA732834B (en) | 1974-04-24 |
| BE798734R (en) | 1973-08-16 |
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