NO126597B - - Google Patents
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- Publication number
- NO126597B NO126597B NO703471A NO347170A NO126597B NO 126597 B NO126597 B NO 126597B NO 703471 A NO703471 A NO 703471A NO 347170 A NO347170 A NO 347170A NO 126597 B NO126597 B NO 126597B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- flour
- extracted
- fat
- antioxidant
- oil
- Prior art date
Links
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000004213 low-fat Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000004322 Butylated hydroxytoluene Substances 0.000 description 11
- NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylhydroxytoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 235000010354 butylated hydroxytoluene Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 241000252203 Clupea harengus Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000013068 control sample Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019514 herring Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000004255 Butylated hydroxyanisole Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019282 butylated hydroxyanisole Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000283153 Cetacea Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000019733 Fish meal Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- CZBZUDVBLSSABA-UHFFFAOYSA-N butylated hydroxyanisole Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1.COC1=CC=C(O)C=C1C(C)(C)C CZBZUDVBLSSABA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940043253 butylated hydroxyanisole Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940095259 butylated hydroxytoluene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004467 fishmeal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001256 steam distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021122 unsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004670 unsaturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- G07C3/00—Registering or indicating the condition or the working of machines or other apparatus, other than vehicles
- G07C3/08—Registering or indicating the production of the machine either with or without registering working or idle time
- G07C3/12—Registering or indicating the production of the machine either with or without registering working or idle time in graphical form
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Illuminated Signs And Luminous Advertising (AREA)
- General Factory Administration (AREA)
- Control Of Indicators Other Than Cathode Ray Tubes (AREA)
- Devices For Indicating Variable Information By Combining Individual Elements (AREA)
- Electroluminescent Light Sources (AREA)
- Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
- Management, Administration, Business Operations System, And Electronic Commerce (AREA)
Description
Fremgangsmåte ved fremstilling av sterkt fettfattig mel. Procedure for the production of very low-fat flour.
Den foreliggende oppfinnelse vedrører fremstilling av særlig fettfattig fiskemel, særlig sildemel, men også hvalmel og lik-nende. The present invention relates to the production of particularly low-fat fish meal, especially herring meal, but also whale meal and the like.
Det er velkjent at marine oljer inneholder sterkt umettete fettsyrer, som selv har, eller gir årsak til ubehagelig lukt og smak hos de produkter som inneholder denslags oljer. Hvis man for eksempel frem-stiller forstoffer av marine råstoffer, vil man som regel ved de hittil vanlige metoder få et mel inneholdende omtrent 8 % fett i melet. Dette mel kan da vanskelig brukes som forstoff i større mengder til for eksempel svineavl, og heller ikke til melke-produksjon, fordi det har vist seg at fles-ket eller melken ihvertfall får dårligere holdbarhet og i uheldige tilfelle kan få «fiskesmak». It is well known that marine oils contain highly unsaturated fatty acids, which themselves have, or cause, an unpleasant smell and taste in the products containing such oils. If, for example, precursors are produced from marine raw materials, you will usually get a flour containing approximately 8% fat in the flour using the hitherto usual methods. This flour can then hardly be used as a feedstock in large quantities for, for example, pig breeding, nor for milk production, because it has been shown that the meat or milk in any case has a poorer shelf life and in unfortunate cases can acquire a "fishy taste".
Det har derfor vært foreslått å foreta It has therefore been proposed to undertake
en etterfølgende ekstraksjon av denslags formel med fettoppløsningsmidler, for å senke fettinnholdet til en særlig lav verdi, for eksempel 2 % eller derunder. Man har da håpet at det fett som utvinnes, skulle kunne bli betalt tilstrekkelig høyt til å dek-ke iallfall endel av ekstraksjonsomkost-ningene. Imidlertid viser det seg at det fett som utvinnes, er av meget dårlig kvalitet, og da særlig sterkt mørkfarget. Det har enn videre vist seg at fettet er vidt-gående oksydert og har en meget ubehagelig lukt og smak. Denne ekstraksjonsolje kan derfor bare omsettes til en meget lav pris, noe som gjør hele ekstraksjonen tvil-som når det gjelder rentabilitet. a subsequent extraction of such formula with fat solvents, to lower the fat content to a particularly low value, for example 2% or less. It was then hoped that the fat extracted could be paid sufficiently high to cover at least part of the extraction costs. However, it turns out that the fat that is extracted is of very poor quality, and particularly strongly dark coloured. It has also been shown that the fat is extensively oxidized and has a very unpleasant smell and taste. This extraction oil can therefore only be sold at a very low price, which makes the whole extraction doubtful-as in terms of profitability.
Ifølge oppfinnelsen har det overraskende vist seg at man kan unngå en slik According to the invention, it has surprisingly been shown that such a situation can be avoided
mørkfarging, dersom man i melet, like etter tørkingen og innen lagringen, innblander en viss mengde oksydasjonshindrende mid-ler, det vil si en såkalt antioksydant. dark colouring, if a certain amount of anti-oxidation agents, i.e. a so-called antioxidant, is mixed into the flour, immediately after drying and during storage.
Det har tidligere vært foreslått å blan-de inn antioksydanter i mel for å hindre såkalt varmgang i melet. Under disse for-søk har man imidlertid ikke oppdaget den overraskende gode virkning som slik innblanding har på kvaliteten av ekstrahert fett. Man har endog til en viss grad ansett en slik innblanding som uheldig nettopp ved mel som senere skulle ekstraheres, fordi antioksydanten ville bli ekstrahert sammen med oljen, hvorved man ville få et innhold som overskrider det maksimalt tillatelige i den ekstraherte olje. Man må da foreta en arbeidsoperasjon med direkte sikte på å fjerne antioksydanten i så stor utstrekning at mengden atter synker ned under det maksimalt tillatelige. It has previously been proposed to mix antioxidants into flour to prevent the so-called warming of the flour. During these trials, however, the surprisingly good effect that such mixing has on the quality of extracted fat has not been discovered. Such a mixture has even been considered to a certain extent to be harmful precisely in the case of flour that was later to be extracted, because the antioxidant would be extracted together with the oil, which would result in a content that exceeds the maximum permissible in the extracted oil. You then have to carry out a work operation with the direct aim of removing the antioxidant to such a large extent that the quantity again drops below the maximum permissible.
Imidlertid har man ved fremgangsmåten ifølge oppfinnelsen funnet at de for-deler som oppnåes, er så store at de mere enn rettferdiggjør et slikt ekstra arbeidstrinn. Enn videre har det vist seg at man ved passende valg av antioksydant kan fjerne denne i et arbeidstrinn som samtidig kan brukes til å bedre kvaliteten av den ekstraherte olje. Ved passende valg av antioksydant, nemlig ved å velge en som kan avdestilleres ved vanndampdestillasjon, kan man foreta en deodorisering som vil fjerne både antioksydant og luktstoffer fra oljene. However, with the method according to the invention, it has been found that the advantages achieved are so great that they more than justify such an extra work step. Furthermore, it has been shown that by choosing an appropriate antioxidant, this can be removed in a work step which can also be used to improve the quality of the extracted oil. By choosing the right antioxidant, namely by choosing one that can be distilled off by steam distillation, deodorisation can be carried out which will remove both antioxidant and odorous substances from the oils.
Det har vist seg i praksis at butylert hydroksytoluen, som vanligvis kalles for BHT, er utmerket egnet til formålet. Også butylert hydroksyanisol, kalt BHA, har vist seg å være egnet. Dette vil bli vist ved hjelp av et par utførelseseksempler. It has been shown in practice that butylated hydroxytoluene, which is usually called BHT, is excellently suited for the purpose. Butylated hydroxyanisole, called BHA, has also been found to be suitable. This will be shown with the help of a couple of execution examples.
Eksempel 1: Sildemel ble fremstillet på vanlig måte ved koking, pressing, innblanding av lim-vann i presskaken, og tørking. Etter utløpet fra tørkeren ble det i melet innblandet 0,02 % BHT. Blandingen ble ført inn i den vanlige mølle, og oppmalt. Melet inneholdt 8 % fett. Example 1: Herring flour was produced in the usual way by boiling, pressing, mixing glue-water into the press cake, and drying. After exiting the dryer, 0.02% BHT was mixed into the flour. The mixture was fed into the usual mill and ground. The flour contained 8% fat.
Etter kortere tids lagring ble melet ekstrahert med heksan. n annen mengde mel, som ble brukt som kontrollprøve, ble ikke tilsatt BHT, men ble tørket og malt på vanlig måte. Etter like lang tids lagring ble også nevnte kontrollprøve ekstrahert med heksan. After a shorter period of storage, the flour was extracted with hexane. n another quantity of flour, which was used as a control sample, was not added with BHT, but was dried and ground in the usual way. After storage for the same length of time, the aforementioned control sample was also extracted with hexane.
Det var en tydelig forskjell på oljen fra de to forsøk, idet den olje som ble ekstrahert fra mel tilsatt BHT tilsvarte henimot en middels lys sildeolje av vanlig kvalitet. Derimot var oljen som ble ekstrahert fra mel uten BHT mørk, stygg og ille-luktende. Mengden av olje var lavere ved kontrollforsøket, men data ble ikke opp-tegnet herfor i dette forsøk. There was a clear difference in the oil from the two trials, as the oil extracted from flour with added BHT corresponded to a medium-light herring oil of ordinary quality. In contrast, the oil extracted from flour without BHT was dark, ugly and foul-smelling. The amount of oil was lower in the control trial, but data was not recorded for this in this trial.
Den ekstraherte olje viste seg å inne-holde adskillig antioksydant. Imidlertid ble oljen underkastet behandling med vann-damp i tilstrekkelig lang tid til at innhol-det av BHT ble senket til 0,01 %. Det viste seg at dette gikk uten vanskelighet, at man kunne gjenvinne overskuddet av BHT, og at man samtidig fikk en god raffinering av oljen. The extracted oil was found to contain several antioxidants. However, the oil was subjected to treatment with steam for a sufficiently long time that the BHT content was lowered to 0.01%. It turned out that this went without difficulty, that the surplus of BHT could be recovered, and that at the same time the oil was refined well.
Eksempel 2: I dette forsøk ble mel på samme måte som tidligere i uoppmalt tilstand på vei fra tørkeren henimot møllen tilsatt 0,03 BHT. En kontrollprøve ble ikke tilsatt antioksydant. Dette mel ble lagret i 10 måneder. Melet inneholdt 8 % fett like etter fremstilling, funnet ved analyse på vanlig måte. Etter lagring i 10 måneder ble 50 g mel blandet med 100 ml heksan og rystet godt i 10 minutter. En prøve på 5 ml heksan ble pipettert av for analyse, hvoretter 5 ml fersk heksan ble tilsatt og melet atter rystet med heksanet i 10 minutter. Dette ble gjentatt inntil man hadde uttatt prøver fire ganger. Man fikk følgende tabell for ekstrahert fett: Example 2: In this experiment, 0.03 BHT was added to flour in the same way as before in the unground state on the way from the dryer to the mill. A control sample was not added with antioxidant. This flour was stored for 10 months. The flour contained 8% fat immediately after production, found by analysis in the usual way. After storage for 10 months, 50 g of flour was mixed with 100 ml of hexane and shaken well for 10 minutes. A sample of 5 ml of hexane was pipetted off for analysis, after which 5 ml fresh hexane was added and the flour again shaken with the hexane for 10 minutes. This was repeated until samples had been taken four times. The following table was obtained for extracted fat:
Det fremgår klart herav at man alle-rede etter 30 minutter hadde oppnådd mak-simal fettutvinning ved mel tilsatt BHT. Ved prøven uten BHT-tilsetning var ekstraksjonen ennu ikke avsluttet etter 40 minutter, likesom mengden av utvunnet fett var vesentlig lavere. Det fremgår så-ledes at man har oppnådd meget gunstige resultater ved fremgangsmåten ifølge oppfinnelsen, og at disse resultater er vesentlig bedre enn det man kunne vente. It is clear from this that maximum fat extraction had already been achieved after 30 minutes with flour added to BHT. In the sample without BHT addition, the extraction was not yet finished after 40 minutes, just as the amount of extracted fat was significantly lower. It thus appears that very favorable results have been achieved with the method according to the invention, and that these results are significantly better than what could be expected.
I IN
Claims (2)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT873269A AT286003B (en) | 1969-09-15 | 1969-09-15 | Facility for optimal production planning and monitoring of companies |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NO126597B true NO126597B (en) | 1973-02-26 |
Family
ID=3608069
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NO703471A NO126597B (en) | 1969-09-15 | 1970-09-11 |
Country Status (15)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3703630A (en) |
AT (1) | AT286003B (en) |
BE (1) | BE756047A (en) |
CA (1) | CA920251A (en) |
CH (1) | CH521653A (en) |
DE (2) | DE2032904A1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES383636A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2062171A5 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1330303A (en) |
IE (1) | IE34527B1 (en) |
LU (1) | LU61604A1 (en) |
NL (1) | NL7013531A (en) |
NO (1) | NO126597B (en) |
SE (1) | SE358496B (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA706299B (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1982004490A1 (en) * | 1981-06-11 | 1982-12-23 | Holmqvist Sven | Planning supervision equipment |
Families Citing this family (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5011148A (en) * | 1973-05-28 | 1975-02-05 | ||
US4229698A (en) * | 1979-03-26 | 1980-10-21 | Scharfe Jr James A | Tuning indicator |
JPS5824962A (en) * | 1981-08-06 | 1983-02-15 | Dainippon Printing Co Ltd | Reader and logger for work slip |
US4847791A (en) * | 1982-08-16 | 1989-07-11 | Martin Joseph H | Timekeeping system |
US5016170A (en) * | 1988-09-22 | 1991-05-14 | Pollalis Spiro N | Task management |
US5063506A (en) * | 1989-10-23 | 1991-11-05 | International Business Machines Corp. | Cost optimization system for supplying parts |
JPH0482659A (en) * | 1990-07-20 | 1992-03-16 | Internatl Business Mach Corp <Ibm> | Method and device for correcting production schedule |
US6370509B1 (en) * | 1999-03-31 | 2002-04-09 | I2 Technologies Us, Inc. | Three-dimensional production schedule display for computer-implemented production management system |
US6462736B1 (en) * | 2000-01-25 | 2002-10-08 | I2 Technologies Us, Inc. | System and method providing a three-Dimensional display of values relative to comparison values |
US7873429B2 (en) * | 2004-12-10 | 2011-01-18 | L'Air Liquide, Societe Anonyme a Directoire et Conseil de Surveillance pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procedes Georges Clause | Network production planning method |
US8055562B2 (en) * | 2008-06-25 | 2011-11-08 | Honeywell International Inc. | Computer evaluation of crop related industries |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3205403A (en) * | 1957-02-04 | 1965-09-07 | Xerox Corp | Electroluminescent display systems |
US3149281A (en) * | 1958-06-26 | 1964-09-15 | Int Standard Electric Corp | Electroluminescent voltage measuring device |
US3328790A (en) * | 1964-08-05 | 1967-06-27 | Sylvania Electric Prod | Display devices |
US3376452A (en) * | 1964-11-09 | 1968-04-02 | Mid Continent Mfg Co | Circular electroluminescent display device |
GB1153995A (en) * | 1965-08-06 | 1969-06-04 | Solartron Electronic Group | Improvements in or relating to Data-Display Apparatus |
US3327163A (en) * | 1965-11-02 | 1967-06-20 | Gen Telephone & Elect | Electroluminescent bar graph indicator |
US3469252A (en) * | 1967-02-06 | 1969-09-23 | North American Rockwell | Integrated bar graph display having interrupt control |
US3531795A (en) * | 1967-09-20 | 1970-09-29 | Sanders Associates Inc | Bar-type display |
-
0
- BE BE756047D patent/BE756047A/en unknown
-
1969
- 1969-09-15 AT AT873269A patent/AT286003B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1970
- 1970-07-02 DE DE19702032904 patent/DE2032904A1/en active Pending
- 1970-07-06 DE DE7025363U patent/DE7025363U/en not_active Expired
- 1970-08-28 LU LU61604D patent/LU61604A1/xx unknown
- 1970-09-03 CH CH1321070A patent/CH521653A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1970-09-10 CA CA092799A patent/CA920251A/en not_active Expired
- 1970-09-11 NO NO703471A patent/NO126597B/no unknown
- 1970-09-11 FR FR7033032A patent/FR2062171A5/fr not_active Expired
- 1970-09-14 GB GB4387770A patent/GB1330303A/en not_active Expired
- 1970-09-14 ES ES383636A patent/ES383636A1/en not_active Expired
- 1970-09-14 SE SE12441/70A patent/SE358496B/xx unknown
- 1970-09-14 NL NL7013531A patent/NL7013531A/xx unknown
- 1970-09-15 ZA ZA706299A patent/ZA706299B/en unknown
- 1970-09-15 US US72331A patent/US3703630A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1970-09-15 IE IE1196/70A patent/IE34527B1/en unknown
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1982004490A1 (en) * | 1981-06-11 | 1982-12-23 | Holmqvist Sven | Planning supervision equipment |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US3703630A (en) | 1972-11-21 |
DE2032904A1 (en) | 1971-04-15 |
AT286003B (en) | 1970-11-25 |
CH521653A (en) | 1972-04-15 |
DE7025363U (en) | 1970-11-12 |
IE34527L (en) | 1971-03-15 |
CA920251A (en) | 1973-01-30 |
FR2062171A5 (en) | 1971-06-25 |
ES383636A1 (en) | 1973-09-16 |
GB1330303A (en) | 1973-09-19 |
BE756047A (en) | 1971-02-15 |
LU61604A1 (en) | 1970-11-10 |
IE34527B1 (en) | 1975-06-11 |
SE358496B (en) | 1973-07-30 |
ZA706299B (en) | 1971-09-29 |
NL7013531A (en) | 1971-03-17 |
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