NO126362B - - Google Patents
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- NO126362B NO126362B NO04010/71A NO401071A NO126362B NO 126362 B NO126362 B NO 126362B NO 04010/71 A NO04010/71 A NO 04010/71A NO 401071 A NO401071 A NO 401071A NO 126362 B NO126362 B NO 126362B
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- Prior art keywords
- cross
- acid
- oxide
- gel
- salt
- Prior art date
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- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 241000589634 Xanthomonas Species 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- -1 alkali metal salt Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiourea Chemical compound NC(N)=S UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Natural products NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910017053 inorganic salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellurium atom Chemical compound [Te] PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- JOPOVCBBYLSVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(6+) Chemical compound [Cr+6] JOPOVCBBYLSVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004133 Sodium thiosulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004973 alkali metal peroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium thiosulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=S AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019345 sodium thiosulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- TUSDEZXZIZRFGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-O-galloyl-3,6-(R)-HHDP-beta-D-glucose Natural products OC1C(O2)COC(=O)C3=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C3C3=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=C3C(=O)OC1C(O)C2OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 TUSDEZXZIZRFGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001263 FEMA 3042 Substances 0.000 claims 1
- LRBQNJMCXXYXIU-PPKXGCFTSA-N Penta-digallate-beta-D-glucose Natural products OC1=C(O)C(O)=CC(C(=O)OC=2C(=C(O)C=C(C=2)C(=O)OC[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)[C@@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)[C@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)O2)OC(=O)C=2C=C(OC(=O)C=3C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=3)C(O)=C(O)C=2)O)=C1 LRBQNJMCXXYXIU-PPKXGCFTSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium benzoate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- LRBQNJMCXXYXIU-NRMVVENXSA-N tannic acid Chemical compound OC1=C(O)C(O)=CC(C(=O)OC=2C(=C(O)C=C(C=2)C(=O)OC[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)[C@@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)[C@@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)O2)OC(=O)C=2C=C(OC(=O)C=3C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=3)C(O)=C(O)C=2)O)=C1 LRBQNJMCXXYXIU-NRMVVENXSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229940033123 tannic acid Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 235000015523 tannic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 229920002258 tannic acid Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 9
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 6
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- TZRXHJWUDPFEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)OCC(CO[N+]([O-])=O)(CO[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+]([O-])=O TZRXHJWUDPFEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XTFIVUDBNACUBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)N1CN([N+]([O-])=O)CN([N+]([O-])=O)C1 XTFIVUDBNACUBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000926 Galactomannan Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003721 gunpowder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- KMUONIBRACKNSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium dichromate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Cr](=O)(=O)O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O KMUONIBRACKNSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium nitrite Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]N=O LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 2
- ONDPHDOFVYQSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc nitrate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ONDPHDOFVYQSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SPSSULHKWOKEEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene Chemical compound CC1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O SPSSULHKWOKEEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SBASXUCJHJRPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethanol Chemical compound COCCOCCO SBASXUCJHJRPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-METHOXYETHANOL Chemical compound COCCO XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HZTVIZREFBBQMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene;[3-nitrooxy-2,2-bis(nitrooxymethyl)propyl] nitrate Chemical compound CC1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+](=O)OCC(CO[N+]([O-])=O)(CO[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+]([O-])=O HZTVIZREFBBQMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JHWIEAWILPSRMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-3-pyrimidin-4-ylpropanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(C)CC1=CC=NC=N1 JHWIEAWILPSRMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000519 Ferrosilicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002907 Guar gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000020 Nitrocellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001642 boronic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001879 gelation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003349 gelling agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000665 guar gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002154 guar gum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010417 guar gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052752 metalloid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002738 metalloids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M perchlorate Inorganic materials [O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical compound OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 159000000001 potassium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001235 sensitizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010288 sodium nitrite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004449 solid propellant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NDKWCCLKSWNDBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;dioxido(dioxo)chromium Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O NDKWCCLKSWNDBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B47/00—Compositions in which the components are separately stored until the moment of burning or explosion, e.g. "Sprengel"-type explosives; Suspensions of solid component in a normally non-explosive liquid phase, including a thickened aqueous phase
- C06B47/14—Compositions in which the components are separately stored until the moment of burning or explosion, e.g. "Sprengel"-type explosives; Suspensions of solid component in a normally non-explosive liquid phase, including a thickened aqueous phase comprising a solid component and an aqueous phase
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Colloid Chemistry (AREA)
- Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
- Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
Description
Oppslemmet sprengstoff og fremgangsmåte for Slurry explosives and method for
fremstilling av et slikt. production of such.
Oppfinnelsen vedrører fortykkede, vandige geler egnet The invention relates to thickened, aqueous gels suitable
for oppslemmede sprengstoffer og fremstilling av slike geler. for slurried explosives and the production of such gels.
Sprengstoffblandinger som omfatter et oksygenavgivende salt, f.eks. ammoniumnitrat, et løsningsmiddel eller en bærer for saltet, et fortykningsmiddel og et brennstoff er velkjente. Disse blandinger betegnes ofte som oppslemmede sprengstoffblandinger eller, mer generelt, oppslemmede sprengstoffer. Slike oppslemmede sprengstoffer kan variere i grad av fasthet eller kon-sistens, fra høyviskøse, plastaktige, ekstruderbare blandinger til mindre viskøse, pumpbare eller hellbare, væskeaktige blandinger. Explosive mixtures comprising an oxygen-releasing salt, e.g. ammonium nitrate, a solvent or carrier for the salt, a thickener and a fuel are well known. These mixtures are often referred to as slurried explosive mixtures or, more generally, slurried explosives. Such slurried explosives can vary in degree of firmness or consistency, from highly viscous, plastic-like, extrudable mixtures to less viscous, pumpable or pourable, liquid-like mixtures.
Oppslemmede sprengstoffer av ovenfor nevnte typer inneholder normalt som essensielle ingredienser velkjente kraftøkende materialer og brennstoffer, f.eks. findelt lettmetall eller findelt karbon. I noen tilfeller er det fordelaktig å tilsette i blandingen en selveksplosiv brennstoffingrediens, f.eks. partikkelformet TNT, PETN eller røksvakt krutt for ytterligere å forbed-re sensitiviteten . og/eller styrken, slik at detonering, og ut-bredelse sikres. Et vidt område av slike blandinger er nå kjent på området. Slurry explosives of the above-mentioned types normally contain as essential ingredients well-known power-increasing materials and fuels, e.g. finely divided light metal or finely divided carbon. In some cases, it is advantageous to add a self-explosive fuel ingredient to the mixture, e.g. particulate TNT, PETN or smokeless gunpowder to further improve sensitivity. and/or the strength, so that detonation and propagation are ensured. A wide range of such mixtures is now known in the art.
Av viktigst kommersiell interesse er de vannbårne sprengstoff-oppslemminger hvor vann utgjør den største andel av den flytende bærer eller dispergeringsmidlet for de faste ingredienser i sprengstoffblandingen. Selv om disse vannbårne sprengstoff-oppslemminger er i besittelse av mange fordeler, f.eks. økonomi ved fremstillingen og anvendelsen og av minsket risiko, Of most commercial interest are the water-borne explosive slurries where water constitutes the largest proportion of the liquid carrier or dispersant for the solid ingredients in the explosive mixture. Although these waterborne explosive slurries possess many advantages, e.g. economy in the manufacture and use and of reduced risk,
er de imidlertid generelt tilbøyelige til segregering av de faste og flytende ingredienser, både når de pakkes i beholdere og når de plasseres direkte i et borehull. Disse oppslemmede sprengstoffer er også utsatt for fortynning ved hjelp av vann som kan være tilstede i borehullet, og dette vannet kan utlute vannløse-lige ingredienser og resultere i eventuell detoneringssvikt. For å overvinne problemene med vann-angrep og vanngjennomtrenging har produsenter av vannbårne sprengstoffoppslemminger anvendt et vidt område av fortykningsmidler som essensielle komponenter i oppslemmingene i den hensikt å få ingrediensene til å henge sam-men i form av ikke-segregerende geler som vil motstå angrep av overskuddsvann og således overvinne de forannevnte problemer. however, they are generally prone to segregation of the solid and liquid ingredients, both when packaged in containers and when placed directly in a borehole. These slurried explosives are also subject to dilution by water that may be present in the borehole, and this water can leach out water-soluble ingredients and result in possible detonation failure. To overcome the problems of water attack and water penetration, manufacturers of waterborne explosive slurries have used a wide range of thickeners as essential components of the slurries in order to make the ingredients stick together in the form of non-segregating gels that will resist attack by excess water and thus overcome the aforementioned problems.
Det er kjent mange fortyknings- eller gelerings-midler som har vært anvendt med varierende grad av suksess, enten alene eller i kombinasjon, i vannbårne sprengstoffoppslemminger. De mest brukte av disse fortykningsmidler har vært galaktomannaner , spesielt guargummi. Disse er med fordel blitt kryssbundet med kryssbindingsmidler som f.eks. natriumdikromat, kaliumdikromat eller sinkkromat. Many thickening or gelling agents are known which have been used with varying degrees of success, either alone or in combination, in waterborne explosive slurries. The most widely used of these thickeners have been galactomannans, especially guar gum. These have advantageously been cross-linked with cross-linking agents such as e.g. sodium dichromate, potassium dichromate or zinc chromate.
Oppslemmede sprengstoffer som er fortykket med kryss-bundne galaktomannaner, har imidlertid ikke vært fullstendig vellykkete på grunn av synerese under lagring, spesielt ved for-høyete temperaturer. I U.S. patent nr. 3.326.733 ble det fore-slått oppslemmede sprengstoffer som er fortykket med etXantho-monas hydrofilt kolloid kryssbundet med et vannløselig borat- salt. Selv om disse sprengstoffer var bedre enn de tidligere oppslemmede sprengstoffer, hadde de fremdeles tendens til å However, slurry explosives thickened with cross-linked galactomannans have not been completely successful due to syneresis during storage, especially at elevated temperatures. In the U.S. patent no. 3,326,733, it was proposed slurry explosives that are thickened with a Xanthomonas hydrophilic colloid cross-linked with a water-soluble borate salt. Although these explosives were better than the earlier slurry explosives, they still tended to
vise synerese under forlenget lagring, spesielt når gelen var sur. show syneresis during prolonged storage, especially when the gel was acidic.
Det er et formål ved oppfinnelsen å forbedre fortyk- It is an object of the invention to improve thickening
ningen av vandige, oppslemmede sprengstoffer som er fortykket med et Xanthomonas hydrofilt kolloid. the formation of aqueous slurry explosives thickened with a Xanthomonas hydrophilic colloid.
Det har nå vist seg at forbedrete, vandige, oppslem- It has now been shown that improved, aqueous, slurry-
mede sprengstoffer kan fremstilles når den vandige oppslemming fortykkes med etXanthomonas hydrofilt kolloid kryssbundet med et oksyd, en syre eller et salt av et element i femverdig eller seksverdig oksydasjonstrinn, idet elementet i dette oksydasjons- also explosives can be produced when the aqueous slurry is thickened with a Xanthomonas hydrophilic colloid cross-linked with an oxide, an acid or a salt of an element in a pentavalent or hexavalent oxidation stage, the element in this oxidation
trinn gir syrer med en dissosias jons-konstant K «c_ 1.00 i 0.1 tilO.Oln vandig løsning. step gives acids with a dissociation ion constant K «c_ 1.00 in 0.1 to 0.Oln aqueous solution.
Således omfatter i henhold til oppfinnelsen en gel som Thus, according to the invention, a gel which
egner seg for bruk i en oppslemmet sprengstoffblanding, minst ett oksygen-avgivende, uorganisk salt, vann og, som fortykningsmiddel, et Xanthomonas hydrofilt kolloid kryssbundet med et oksyd av et element i femverdig eller seksverdig tilstand, eller en syre fremstilt av det nevnte oksyd eller et alkalimetallsalt av nevnte syre, i hvilken syre eller salt det nevnte element er tilstede i femverdig eller seksverdig tilstand og syren som er fremstilt av oksydet, har en dissosiasjons-konstant K «£■ 1.0 i 0.1 suitable for use in a slurry explosive mixture, at least one oxygen-releasing inorganic salt, water and, as a thickening agent, a Xanthomonas hydrophilic colloid cross-linked with an oxide of an element in the pentavalent or hexavalent state, or an acid prepared from said oxide or an alkali metal salt of said acid, in which acid or salt said element is present in the pentavalent or hexavalent state and the acid produced from the oxide has a dissociation constant K «£■ 1.0 in 0.1
til O.Oln vandig løsning. to O.Oln aqueous solution.
Foretrukne oppslemmings-sprengstoffer i henhold til oppfinnelsen inneholder fra 15 til 83 vektdeler av minst ett Preferred slurry explosives according to the invention contain from 15 to 83 parts by weight of at least one
uorganisk oksygen-avgivende salt, fra 10 til 30 vektdeler vann inorganic oxygen-releasing salt, from 10 to 30 parts by weight of water
og fra 0.2 til 2.5 vektdeler kryssbundetXanthomonas hydrofilt and from 0.2 to 2.5 parts by weight of cross-linked Xanthomonas hydrophilic
kolloid hvor kryssbindingsmidlet anvendes i mengder mellom 2 og 10 vekt-% av kolloidet. colloid where the cross-linking agent is used in amounts between 2 and 10% by weight of the colloid.
Egnete kryssbindingsmidler omfatter oksydene av anti- Suitable cross-linking agents include the oxides of anti-
mon (V), tellur (VI)og krom (VI), syrene av disse oksyder og natrium- mon (V), tellurium (VI) and chromium (VI), the acids of these oxides and sodium
eller kalium-saltene av disse syrer. Med krom (VI)-forbindelser økes geleringshastigheten markert ved innarbeidelse av et reduk-sjonsmiddel, f.eks. tiourinstoff, natriumtiosulfat eller tannin- or the potassium salts of these acids. With chromium (VI) compounds, the gelation rate is markedly increased by incorporating a reducing agent, e.g. thiourea, sodium thiosulphate or tannin-
syre. acid.
Det uorganiske, oksygen-avgivende salt kan passende The inorganic oxygen-releasing salt may be suitable
omfatte et nitrat eller perklorat av ammoniakk, natrium, kalium, include a nitrate or perchlorate of ammonia, sodium, potassium,
barium eller kalsium, eller en blanding av to eller flere av de nevnte nitrater. barium or calcium, or a mixture of two or more of the aforementioned nitrates.
Oppslemmings-sprengstoffene i henhold til oppfinnelsen omfatter den ovenfor beskrevne gel som er blandet med et sensi-tiverende brennstoff. Brennstoffet utgjør fortrinnsvis fra 5 til 55 vekt-% av sprengstoffet. The slurry explosives according to the invention comprise the gel described above which is mixed with a sensitizing fuel. The fuel preferably makes up from 5 to 55% by weight of the explosive.
Brennstoffet kan være vannløsélig eller vann-uløselig, eksplosivt eller ikke-eksplosivt. Uløselige brennstoffer omfatter gjerne partikkelformet lettmetall eller metalloid, f.eks. findelt aluminium, aluminiumlegering, silisium, ferrosilisium, ferrofosfor, partikkelformete, organiske eksplosiver, svovel eller karbonholdig materiale. The fuel can be water-soluble or water-insoluble, explosive or non-explosive. Insoluble fuels often include particulate light metal or metalloid, e.g. finely divided aluminum, aluminum alloy, silicon, ferrosilicon, ferrophosphorus, particulate, organic explosives, sulfur or carbonaceous material.
Nyttige, partikkelformete, organiske eksplosiver som kan brukes i blandingene, omfatter f.eks. TNT, PETN, cyklotri-metylentrinitramin (RDX), "Composition B" (blanding av TNT og RDX), "Pentolite" (blandinger av PETN og TNT), røksvakt krutt, nitrocellulose, nitrostivelse og blandinger av disse. Useful particulate organic explosives that can be used in the mixtures include e.g. TNT, PETN, cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX), "Composition B" (mixture of TNT and RDX), "Pentolite" (mixtures of PETN and TNT), smokeless gunpowder, nitrocellulose, nitrostarch and mixtures thereof.
Egnete, løselige brennstoffer omfatter glykol, di-etylenglykol, dioksan, metyl-cellosolve, metylkarbitol, sukrose, urinstoff eller tiourinstoff. Monomere, løselige brennstoffer bør fortrinnsvis ikke omfatte forbindelser som inneholder cis-hydroksylgrupper (f.eks. glycerol), da disse forbindelser kunne reagere med kryssbindingsmidlet. Suitable soluble fuels include glycol, diethylene glycol, dioxane, methyl cellosolve, methyl carbitol, sucrose, urea or thiourea. Monomeric, soluble fuels should preferably not include compounds containing cis-hydroxyl groups (eg glycerol), as these compounds could react with the cross-linking agent.
Blandingene kan også inneholde modifiseringsmidler, f.eks. tetthets-reguleringsmidler. således er det generelt fordelaktig å inkorporere et gassingsmiddel, f.eks. natriumnitritt, i en blanding som ikke inneholder noen selv-eksplosiv sensitiv-ator. The mixtures may also contain modifiers, e.g. density-regulating agents. thus it is generally advantageous to incorporate a gasifying agent, e.g. sodium nitrite, in a mixture containing no self-explosive sensitizer.
Oppfinnelsen omfatter også en fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av en vandig gel som egner seg for bruk i et oppslemmet sprengstoff, i henhold til hvilken et Xanthomonas hydrofilt kolloid oppløses i en vandig løsning av et uorganisk salt og kolloidet kryssbindes med et oksyd av et element i femverdig eller seksverdig tilstand, eller med en syre fremstilt av det nevnte oksyd eller med et alkalimetallsalt av den nevnte syre hvor syren eller saltet av det nevnte element er tilstede i femverdig eller seksverdig tilstand, idet syren som er fremstilt av oksydet, har en diasosiasjons-konstant K< 1.0 i 0.1 til O.Oln vandig løsning. The invention also includes a method for the preparation of an aqueous gel suitable for use in a slurry explosive, according to which a Xanthomonas hydrophilic colloid is dissolved in an aqueous solution of an inorganic salt and the colloid is cross-linked with an oxide of an element in pentavalent or hexavalent state, or with an acid produced from the said oxide or with an alkali metal salt of the said acid where the acid or salt of the said element is present in the pentavalent or hexavalent state, the acid produced from the oxide having a diasociation constant K < 1.0 in 0.1 to O.Oln aqueous solution.
Kryssbindingsmidlet kan tilsettes som det er til den fortykkede gelblanding eller dannes in situ i blandingen, under blandeoperasjonen, ved tilsetning av elementet, som en for bindelse i et lav-valent oksydasjonstrinn, og et oksydasjonsmiddel for å omdanne det til det nødvendige høyere oksydasjonstrinn. således kan en forbindelse som inneholder Sb (iII) og et alkalimetallperoksyd eller -permanganat, f.eks. kaliumpermanganat, tilsettes til blandingen for dannelse av et kryssbindingsmiddel som inneholder Sb (v). Kryssbindingsvirkningen er hurtigere når den kolloidale løsning er svakt sur, så det er fordelaktig å surgjøre oppslemmingen. The cross-linking agent can be added as is to the thickened gel mixture or formed in situ in the mixture, during the mixing operation, by the addition of the element, as a bond in a low-valent oxidation step, and an oxidizing agent to convert it to the required higher oxidation step. thus, a compound containing Sb (II) and an alkali metal peroxide or permanganate, e.g. potassium permanganate, is added to the mixture to form a cross-linking agent containing Sb (v). The cross-linking effect is faster when the colloidal solution is slightly acidic, so it is advantageous to acidify the slurry.
Oppslemmings-sprengstoffene i henhold til oppfinnelsen har betydelig forbedret stabilitet ved forhøyete temperaturer og i lange lagringsperioder, selv når oppslemmingen er sur. The slurry explosives according to the invention have significantly improved stability at elevated temperatures and during long storage periods, even when the slurry is acidic.
Oppfinnelsen skal i det følgende klargjøres ved hjelp av eksempler, hvor alle deler angir vekt. In the following, the invention shall be clarified by means of examples, where all parts indicate weight.
Eksempler Examples
Eksempler 1 og 2 gjelder ikke-eksplosive, vandige geler med de sammensetninger som er vist i tabell 1. Ved fremstilling av disse geler ble ammoniumnitratet blandet med vannet, og pH-verdien til den resulterende oppslemming ble justert til 5.2 ved tilsetning av en liten mengde sinknitrat. Xanthomonas hydrofilt kolloid og kryssbindingsmidlet ble blandet med glykolen og blandingen blandet inn i oppslemmingen.Oppslemmingen ble oppvarmet i vannbad til 50°C og holdt ved denne temperatur. Etter 12 timer hadde oppslemmingen fra begge eksempler stivnet til en stiv, gummiaktig gel.Gelene ble lagret i 6 måneder ved 50°C, og i dette tidsrom inntrådte det ingen synerese, og gel-stivheten ble bare svakt redusert. Examples 1 and 2 relate to non-explosive, aqueous gels with the compositions shown in Table 1. In preparing these gels, the ammonium nitrate was mixed with the water, and the pH of the resulting slurry was adjusted to 5.2 by adding a small amount zinc nitrate. The Xanthomonas hydrophilic colloid and the cross-linking agent were mixed with the glycol and the mixture mixed into the slurry. The slurry was heated in a water bath to 50°C and held at this temperature. After 12 hours, the slurries from both examples had solidified into a stiff, rubbery gel. The gels were stored for 6 months at 50°C, during which time no syneresis occurred and the gel stiffness was only slightly reduced.
Eksempler 3 til 7 var oppslemmings-sprengstoffer med de sammensetninger og egenskaper som er vist i tabell 2. Ved fremstilling av disse sprengstoffer ble ammonium- og natrium-nitratet blandet med vannet, bg oppslemmingens pH-verdi justert til 5,4 med salpetersyre. De faste brennstoffer ble så innar-beidet, fulgt av en dispersjon av Xanthomonas-kolloidet og kryssbindingsmidlet i glykol (eksemplene 3 og 4) eller vann (eksemplene 5, 6 og 7). Etter lagring ved 50°C i 12 timer (2 timer for eksempel 6) hadde oppslemmings-sprengstoffene stivnet til en stiv, gummiaktig gel, og denne gelkonsistens ble bevart under 6 måneders lagring. Sensitiviteten til sprengstoffene var ikke merkbart redusert etter lagring i 6 måneder. Examples 3 to 7 were slurry explosives with the compositions and properties shown in table 2. When producing these explosives, ammonium and sodium nitrate were mixed with the water, bg the slurry's pH value was adjusted to 5.4 with nitric acid. The solid fuels were then incorporated, followed by a dispersion of the Xanthomonas colloid and cross-linking agent in glycol (Examples 3 and 4) or water (Examples 5, 6 and 7). After storage at 50°C for 12 hours (2 hours for Example 6), the slurry explosives had solidified into a stiff, rubbery gel, and this gel consistency was maintained during 6 months of storage. The sensitivity of the explosives was not noticeably reduced after storage for 6 months.
Claims (9)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB5669370 | 1970-11-30 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NO126362B true NO126362B (en) | 1973-01-29 |
Family
ID=10477293
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NO04010/71A NO126362B (en) | 1970-11-30 | 1971-10-29 |
Country Status (12)
Country | Link |
---|---|
AU (1) | AU461683B2 (en) |
BE (1) | BE775301A (en) |
CA (1) | CA962066A (en) |
DE (1) | DE2159381A1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES397466A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2115992A5 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1317327A (en) |
NO (1) | NO126362B (en) |
OA (1) | OA03845A (en) |
PH (1) | PH9755A (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA717563B (en) |
ZM (1) | ZM15471A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1317328A (en) * | 1970-11-30 | 1973-05-16 | Ici Ltd | Slurry explosives |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR1417333A (en) * | 1964-09-11 | 1965-11-12 | Canadian Ind | Explosive blasting porridge |
CA868421A (en) * | 1969-04-23 | 1971-04-13 | Canadian Industries Limited | Method of gelling water bearing compositions containing thickeners |
GB1317328A (en) * | 1970-11-30 | 1973-05-16 | Ici Ltd | Slurry explosives |
-
1970
- 1970-11-30 GB GB5669370A patent/GB1317327A/en not_active Expired
-
1971
- 1971-10-29 NO NO04010/71A patent/NO126362B/no unknown
- 1971-11-04 ZM ZM154/71*UA patent/ZM15471A1/en unknown
- 1971-11-10 ZA ZA717563A patent/ZA717563B/en unknown
- 1971-11-10 CA CA127,401A patent/CA962066A/en not_active Expired
- 1971-11-12 BE BE775301A patent/BE775301A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1971-11-15 AU AU35711/71A patent/AU461683B2/en not_active Expired
- 1971-11-17 PH PH13023A patent/PH9755A/en unknown
- 1971-11-24 FR FR7142057A patent/FR2115992A5/fr not_active Expired
- 1971-11-29 ES ES397466A patent/ES397466A1/en not_active Expired
- 1971-11-29 OA OA54424A patent/OA03845A/en unknown
- 1971-11-30 DE DE19712159381 patent/DE2159381A1/de active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE2159381A1 (en) | 1972-06-08 |
ZM15471A1 (en) | 1973-07-23 |
PH9755A (en) | 1976-03-12 |
CA962066A (en) | 1975-02-04 |
AU3571171A (en) | 1973-05-24 |
AU461683B2 (en) | 1975-06-05 |
ZA717563B (en) | 1973-06-27 |
BE775301A (en) | 1972-05-12 |
ES397466A1 (en) | 1974-06-01 |
GB1317327A (en) | 1973-05-16 |
OA03845A (en) | 1971-12-24 |
FR2115992A5 (en) | 1972-07-07 |
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