NO125557B - - Google Patents
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- NO125557B NO125557B NO2065/69A NO206569A NO125557B NO 125557 B NO125557 B NO 125557B NO 2065/69 A NO2065/69 A NO 2065/69A NO 206569 A NO206569 A NO 206569A NO 125557 B NO125557 B NO 125557B
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- Prior art keywords
- isotactic polypropylene
- rubber
- polypropylene
- weight
- examples
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- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 36
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920003052 natural elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920001194 natural rubber Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920003051 synthetic elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000005061 synthetic rubber Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 241001122767 Theaceae Species 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004073 vulcanization Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 244000043261 Hevea brasiliensis Species 0.000 description 7
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000006708 antioxidants Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 4
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- NKTOLZVEWDHZMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-xylenol Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(C)C(O)=C1 NKTOLZVEWDHZMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyraldehyde Chemical compound CCCC=O ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 229920005549 butyl rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- QWVGKYWNOKOFNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N o-cresol Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1O QWVGKYWNOKOFNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IWDCLRJOBJJRNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-cresol Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IWDCLRJOBJJRNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005070 ripening Effects 0.000 description 2
- QAZLUNIWYYOJPC-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfenamide Chemical compound [Cl-].COC1=C(C)C=[N+]2C3=NC4=CC=C(OC)C=C4N3SCC2=C1C QAZLUNIWYYOJPC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- OWRCNXZUPFZXOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-diphenylguanidine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1NC(=N)NC1=CC=CC=C1 OWRCNXZUPFZXOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KGRVJHAUYBGFFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2'-Methylenebis(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol) Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(C)=CC(CC=2C(=C(C=C(C)C=2)C(C)(C)C)O)=C1O KGRVJHAUYBGFFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutene Chemical group CC(C)=C VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KEQFTVQCIQJIQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Phenyl-2-naphthylamine Chemical compound C=1C=C2C=CC=CC2=CC=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 KEQFTVQCIQJIQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- YACLQRRMGMJLJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloroprene Chemical compound ClC(=C)C=C YACLQRRMGMJLJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003698 tetramethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- HGBOYTHUEUWSSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric aldehyde Natural products CCCCC=O HGBOYTHUEUWSSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RKQOSDAEEGPRER-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc diethyldithiocarbamate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCN(CC)C([S-])=S.CCN(CC)C([S-])=S RKQOSDAEEGPRER-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/14—Inert intermediate or cover layers for charge-receiving layers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/14—Inert intermediate or cover layers for charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/142—Inert intermediate layers
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Photoreceptors In Electrophotography (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Description
Vulkaniserbare komposisjoner. Vulcanizable compositions.
Denne oppfinnelse vedrører vulkaniserbare komposisjoner. Isotaktisk polypropylen er et krystallinsk stoff egnet til for-ming og ekstrudering, med et smeltepunkt på ca. 160° C. Vi har funnet at til tross for dette høye smeltepunkt kan det blandes med naturlig eller syntetisk gummi ved elteprosess. Vi har også funnet at tilstede-værelsen av isotaktisk polypropylen i vul-kaniserte natur- eller syntetiske gummi-komposisjoner medfører en betraktelig grad av forsterkning. This invention relates to vulcanizable compositions. Isotactic polypropylene is a crystalline substance suitable for molding and extrusion, with a melting point of approx. 160° C. We have found that despite this high melting point it can be mixed with natural or synthetic rubber by kneading process. We have also found that the presence of isotactic polypropylene in vulcanized natural or synthetic rubber compositions results in a considerable degree of reinforcement.
Overensstemmende med den forelig-gende oppfinnelse tilveiebringer vi altså vulkaniserbare komposisjoner som inneholder natur- og/eller syntetisk gummi og mellom 5 og 25 vektprosent i forhold til den samlete vekt av gummi og isotaktisk propylen. Vi tilveiebringer også en fremgangsmåte til fremstilling av disse komposisjoner, ved hvilken isotaktisk polypropylen dispergeres i gummiet ved en varmeltnings-behandling under fravær av vulkanise-ringsingredienser, og den fremkomne blanding kjøles og vulkaniseringsingrediensene dispergeres i denne ved elting ved en lavere temperatur. In accordance with the present invention, we therefore provide vulcanizable compositions containing natural and/or synthetic rubber and between 5 and 25 percent by weight in relation to the combined weight of rubber and isotactic propylene. We also provide a method for producing these compositions, in which isotactic polypropylene is dispersed in the rubber by a heat-melting treatment in the absence of vulcanizing ingredients, and the resulting mixture is cooled and the vulcanizing ingredients are dispersed in it by kneading at a lower temperature.
Syntetiske gummisorter som kan brukes i denne oppfinnelse inkluderer kopolymere av butadien og styren eller akrylni-tril, kopolymere av isopren og isobutylen og polymere og kopolymere av kloropren. Synthetic rubbers that can be used in this invention include copolymers of butadiene and styrene or acrylonitrile, copolymers of isoprene and isobutylene, and polymers and copolymers of chloroprene.
Meget brukbare preparater er blandin-ger med naturgummi inneholdende mellom 6 og 20 prosent isotaktisk polypropylen, hvormed menes vektsprosent i forhold til den samlete vekt av gummi og isotaktisk propylen. Highly usable preparations are mixtures with natural rubber containing between 6 and 20 percent isotactic polypropylene, by which is meant the percentage by weight in relation to the combined weight of rubber and isotactic propylene.
Med isotaktisk polypropylen forståes enhver fast polymer av propylen som inneholder en større del krystallinsk polypropylen og som fortrinnsvis er minst 70 prosent vektprosent uoppløselig i varm heptan. Likeså kan isotaktisk polypropylen inneholde mindre mengder av ataktisk polypropylen som forurensning, det vil si polypropylen som har en slumpmessig sterisk fordeling av metyl sidegrupper langs den største del av sin polymerkjede, og som der-for ikke er krystalliserbart i seg selv. Som Isotactic polypropylene means any solid polymer of propylene which contains a large proportion of crystalline polypropylene and which is preferably at least 70% by weight insoluble in hot heptane. Likewise, isotactic polypropylene can contain smaller amounts of atactic polypropylene as a contaminant, i.e. polypropylene which has a random steric distribution of methyl side groups along the largest part of its polymer chain, and which is therefore not crystallizable in itself. As
'ølge av dette smelter isotaktisk polypro-<p>ylen normalt over et visst temperaturom-råde. For å lette dispergeringen med gummi foretrekker vi at det isotaktiske polypropylen som brukes i preparater og ved 'remgangsmåte i henhold til vår oppfinnelse har en smelteviskositet ved 190° C mindre enn IO<7> poise målt med et parallelplate plastometer ved en skjærhastighet på 0,1 pr. sekund. Isotaktiske polypropyle-ner med smelteviskositeter mellom 10<+> og 10<r>> poise ved 190° C fører til en kombina-sjon som er særlig bekvem ved utførelsen av vår fremgangsmåte og fremstillingen av særlig brukbare preparater. Because of this, isotactic polypropylene normally melts over a certain temperature range. In order to facilitate dispersion with rubber, we prefer that the isotactic polypropylene used in preparations and in the process of our invention have a melt viscosity at 190° C of less than 10<7> poise as measured by a parallel plate plastometer at a shear rate of 0, 1 per second. Isotactic polypropylenes with melt viscosities between 10<+> and 10<r>> poise at 190° C lead to a combination that is particularly convenient in the execution of our method and the production of particularly usable preparations.
Vi foretrekker at ved fremstilling av preparater i henhold til denne oppfinnelse skal gummi eltes med isotaktisk polypropylen under fravær av vulkaniseringsingre-dienser ved en temperatur mellom 150° C og maksimum i smelteintervallet for det isotaktiske polypropylen. Særlig passende temperaturer er da fra 150° C til 170° C, avhengig av polypropylenets smeltepunkt. For å lette dispergeringen tilføres polypropylenet til eltingen fortrinsvis i form av et fint pulver. Eltingen kan utføres for eksempel i en Banbury mikser eller på åpne valser. I første fall er det best å tilføre en tørr blanding av bestanddelene til mikseren for å nedsette blandetiden, og å fullføre blandingen på valser for å overføre blandingen til arkform og derved å lette dens avkjøling. Hvis eltingen bare utføres på valser, består en meget tilfredsstillende fremgangsmåte i å valse ut gummiet på valsene, tilføre det pulverformige isotaktiske polypropylen og fortsette valsirigen inntil polypropylenet er dispergert. Dispergeringen av polypropylenet i naturgummi kjennetegnes ved at blandingen er gjen-nomskinnelig når den er varm. We prefer that when preparing preparations according to this invention, rubber should be kneaded with isotactic polypropylene in the absence of vulcanizing ingredients at a temperature between 150° C and the maximum in the melting interval for the isotactic polypropylene. Particularly suitable temperatures are then from 150° C to 170° C, depending on the polypropylene's melting point. To facilitate dispersion, the polypropylene is added to the kneading preferably in the form of a fine powder. The kneading can be carried out, for example, in a Banbury mixer or on open rollers. In the first case, it is best to add a dry mixture of the ingredients to the mixer to reduce the mixing time, and to complete the mixing on rollers to transfer the mixture to sheet form and thereby facilitate its cooling. If the kneading is only carried out on rollers, a very satisfactory method consists in rolling out the rubber on the rollers, adding the powdered isotactic polypropylene and continuing the rolling until the polypropylene is dispersed. The dispersion of the polypropylene in natural rubber is characterized by the fact that the mixture is translucent when it is hot.
Denne elting av gummi og polypropylen utføres fortrinnsvis i nærvær av en an-tioksidant. Passende antioksidantier er bi-(2-hydroksy-3-t-butyl-5-metylfenyl) metan, bis- (2-hydroksy-3-alpha-metylcyklo-heksyl-5-metyl fenyl) metan, en blanding fremkommet ved kondensasjon av 2,4 og 2,5 dimetyl fenol med butyraldehyd og fényl beta naftylamin. Passende mengder anti-oksidant er mellom 0,5 og 2,0 vektsprosent av preparatet. Kommersielle syntetiske gummisorter inneholder ofte slike kvanta antioksidanter. This kneading of rubber and polypropylene is preferably carried out in the presence of an antioxidant. Suitable antioxidants are bi-(2-hydroxy-3-t-butyl-5-methylphenyl) methane, bis-(2-hydroxy-3-alpha-methylcyclohexyl-5-methyl phenyl) methane, a mixture obtained by condensation of 2,4 and 2,5 dimethyl phenol with butyraldehyde and phenyl beta naphthylamine. Suitable amounts of anti-oxidant are between 0.5 and 2.0% by weight of the preparation. Commercial synthetic rubbers often contain such amounts of antioxidants.
Temperaturer særlig egnet for elting av gummi/polypropylenblandingen med vulkaniseringsingrediensene er mellom 60 og 80° C for naturgummi og 25—50° C for syntetisk gummi. Passende utstyr er igjen Banbury miksere (fortrinsvis fulgt av åpne valsestoler for utvalsing til ark), eller åpne valsestoler. Tilleggsstoffer, for eksempel fyllstoffer og pigmenter, kan bekvemt til-settes preparatene sammen med vulkaniseringsingrediensene. Temperatures particularly suitable for kneading the rubber/polypropylene mixture with the vulcanizing ingredients are between 60 and 80° C for natural rubber and 25-50° C for synthetic rubber. Suitable equipment is again Banbury mixers (preferably followed by open rolling chairs for rolling out into sheets), or open rolling chairs. Additional substances, for example fillers and pigments, can conveniently be added to the preparations together with the vulcanizing ingredients.
Særlig verdifulle egenskaper som opp-nås ved vulkanisering av preparater i henhold til vår oppfinnelse er slike som lav spesifik vekt, høy strekkstyrke, høy elasti-sitetsmodul, høy hårdhet, høy rive-, eller slitestyrke og utmerkede elektriske egenskaper, idet disse gode egenskaper i be-merkelsesverdig grad bevares ved forhøye-de temperaturer, og uten at det dermed blir nødvendig å innføre mørke, farvede fyllstoffer. Preparatene er følgelig særlig egnet til fremstilling av lyse farvede artikler med lav varmeoppbygning («low heat build up»), eller lyse farvede artikler hvor man beholder en høy grad av forsterkning ved forhøyede temperaturer eller til bruk ved anvendelser hvor der kreves en høy rivestyrke eller slitemotstand. Slike fyllstoffer som carbon black kan innføres i preparatene hvis det ønskes. Slike preparater kan kombinere god styrke med høy grad av fjæring og lav varmeoppbygning («low heat build up»).. Particularly valuable properties that are achieved by vulcanizing preparations according to our invention are such as low specific weight, high tensile strength, high modulus of elasticity, high hardness, high tearing or wear resistance and excellent electrical properties, as these good properties in remarkable degree is preserved at elevated temperatures, and without it thus becoming necessary to introduce dark, colored fillers. The preparations are therefore particularly suitable for the production of light colored articles with low heat build up, or light colored articles where a high degree of reinforcement is retained at elevated temperatures or for use in applications where a high tear strength is required or wear resistance. Such fillers as carbon black can be introduced into the preparations if desired. Such preparations can combine good strength with a high degree of suspension and low heat build up.
De følgende eksempler, hvor alle del-angivelser er etter vekt, tjener til å illu-strere oppfinnelsen. I eksempler 5—18 in-neholdt de gummityper som ble brukt antioksidanter. The following examples, where all partial indications are by weight, serve to illustrate the invention. In examples 5-18, the rubber types used contained antioxidants.
Eksempel 1: Example 1:
160 gram naturgummi ble valset ut på en åpen valsestol 30 x 15 cm med 2 gram bis-(2 hydroksy-3-t-butyl-5-metyl fenyl) metan ved 155—160° C, og 40 gram pulverisert isotaktisk polypropylen ble tilsatt. Dette polypropylen hadde en smelteviskositet ved 190° C på 5,6 x 10* poise målt med et paralllelplate plastometer under en skjærhastighet på 0,1 pr. sekund. Ved prø-ving på oppløselighet i heptan med soxlet-hekstraksjon ble 75 vektprosent funnet å være uoppløselig. 10 minutter etter at alt polypropylen var tilsatt ble arket gjennom-skinnelig, det ble fjernet fra valsene og av-kjølt. Det fremkomne ark ble overført til en valsestol 30 x 15 cm oppvarmet til 60° C, og følgende bestanddeler ble tilsatt: 1,2 gram cykloheksyl benztiazyl sulfe-namid 160 grams of natural rubber was rolled out on an open rolling stand 30 x 15 cm with 2 grams of bis-(2 hydroxy-3-t-butyl-5-methyl phenyl) methane at 155-160° C, and 40 grams of powdered isotactic polypropylene was added . This polypropylene had a melt viscosity at 190° C. of 5.6 x 10* poise measured with a parallel plate plastometer under a shear rate of 0.1 per minute. second. When testing for solubility in heptane with soxlet extraction, 75% by weight was found to be insoluble. 10 minutes after all the polypropylene had been added the sheet became translucent, it was removed from the rollers and cooled. The resulting sheet was transferred to a rolling bed 30 x 15 cm heated to 60° C, and the following ingredients were added: 1.2 grams of cyclohexyl benzthiazyl sulfenamide
10,0 gram sinkosyd 4,0 gram stearinsyre 5,0 gram svovel Blandingen ble valset i 15 minutter, og i denne tid fikk temperaturen på den valse som bar arket stige til 80° C. Arket ble avkjølt, og prøvestykker ble formet av det med en modningstid på 30 minutter ved 140° C under et trykk på 70 kg/cm<2>. 10.0 grams of zinc acid 4.0 grams of stearic acid 5.0 grams of sulfur The mixture was rolled for 15 minutes, during which time the temperature of the roll carrying the sheet was allowed to rise to 80° C. The sheet was cooled, and test pieces were formed from it with a ripening time of 30 minutes at 140° C under a pressure of 70 kg/cm<2>.
Formstykkene hadde følgende egenskaper: Strekkstyrke 220 kg/cm-. Forlengelse ved brudd 500 %. Belastning ved 100 % formendring 70 kg/cm<2>. Belastning ved 30 % formendring 134 kg/cm<2>. The molded pieces had the following properties: Tensile strength 220 kg/cm-. Elongation at break 500%. Load at 100% change in shape 70 kg/cm<2>. Load at 30% shape change 134 kg/cm<2>.
(Ovenstående prøver ble utført i henhold til B.S. 903 (1959) med bruk av ring-formede prøvestykker). (The above tests were carried out in accordance with B.S. 903 (1959) using ring-shaped test pieces).
Hårdhet, B.S. 903 (1950) 80 BS°. Crescent rivestyrke B.S. 903 (1950) 84 Hardness, B.S. 903 (1950) 80 BS°. Crescent tear strength B.S. 903 (1950) 84
kg/cm2.kg/cm2.
Fjæring (Dunlop Tripsometer B.S. 903 Suspension (Dunlop Tripsometer B.S. 903
(1950) ved 20° C. 59% ved 50° C. 67%. (1950) at 20° C. 59% at 50° C. 67%.
Vrmncr'K riunnmislrp mnripl Vrmncr'K riunnmislrp mnripl
Eksempler 2, 3 og 4: Examples 2, 3 and 4:
100 deler naturgummi (ribbet, smoked sheet) ble valset ut på åpne valsestoler hvor begge valser var oppvarmet til 150° C, idet valsetiden var 5 minutter. I eksempler 2, 3 og 4 ble der tilsatt henholdsvis 10, 20 og 30 deler pulverisert isotaktisk polypropylen så snart som gummiet var utvalset. Dette polypropylen hadde en smelteviskositet ved 190° C på 5 x 10<4> poise målt med et parallelplate plastometer med en skjærhastighet på 0,1 pr. sekund. Ved prøvning på oppløselighet i heptan ved Soxlethek-straksjon ble det funnet at 95 vektsprosent av det var oppløselig. Det blandede ari som fremkom ble tilført en åpen valsestol oppvarmet til 60° C og følgende ingredienser tilsatt: 100 parts natural rubber (ribbed, smoked sheet) was rolled out on open rolling stands where both rolls were heated to 150° C, the rolling time being 5 minutes. In examples 2, 3 and 4, respectively 10, 20 and 30 parts of powdered isotactic polypropylene were added as soon as the rubber had been rolled out. This polypropylene had a melt viscosity at 190° C. of 5 x 10<4> poise measured with a parallel plate plastometer at a shear rate of 0.1 per minute. second. When tested for solubility in heptane by Soxlethek extraction, 95% by weight of it was found to be soluble. The resulting mixed ari was added to an open rolling mill heated to 60° C and the following ingredients added:
5 deler sinkoksyd 5 parts zinc oxide
2 deler stearinsyre 2 parts stearic acid
2 deler bis-(2 hydroksy-3-alpha-metyl-cykloheksyl-5-metyl fenyl) metan 2 parts bis-(2 hydroxy-3-alpha-methyl-cyclohexyl-5-methyl phenyl) methane
2,5 deler svovel 0,6 deler cykloheksyl benztiazyl sulfe-namid. 2.5 parts sulfur 0.6 parts cyclohexyl benzthiazyl sulfenamide.
Blandingen ble valset i 15 minutter, det fremkomne ark ble avkjølt og prøve-stykker fremstilt med modningstider på 30 minutter ved 140° C under et trykk på 80 kg/cm-'. Prøvestykkene ble prøvet i henhold til B.S 903 (1950) med bruk av ring-formede stykker og med de resultater som er vist i tabell I. The mixture was rolled for 15 minutes, the resulting sheet was cooled and test pieces prepared with ripening times of 30 minutes at 140° C. under a pressure of 80 kg/cm -1 . The test pieces were tested in accordance with B.S 903 (1950) using ring-shaped pieces and with the results shown in Table I.
Eksempler 5, 6 og 7: Fremgangsmåten ved eksempler 2, 3 og 4 ble gjentatt idet naturgummiet bie erstattet med et butylgummi som selges kommersielt under navnet «Butyl 200» av Polymer Corporation of Sarnia. Examples 5, 6 and 7: The procedure of Examples 2, 3 and 4 was repeated, replacing the natural rubber with a butyl rubber sold commercially under the name "Butyl 200" by Polymer Corporation of Sarnia.
Vulkaniseringsingrediensene var: The vulcanizing ingredients were:
5 deler sinkoksyd 5 parts zinc oxide
2 deler svovel 2 parts sulphur
1 del tetrametyl tiuramidsulfid 1 part tetramethyl thiuramide sulphide
1 del sink dietyl ditiokarbamat. 1 part zinc diethyl dithiocarbamate.
Disse ingredienser ble valset med gummi/polypropylenblandingen ved hjelp av valser som til å begynne med holdt 30° C. Prøvestykkene ble modnet 20 minutter ved 144° C. Prøveresultatene var som vist i tabell II. These ingredients were rolled with the rubber/polypropylene mixture using rolls initially held at 30° C. The test pieces were aged 20 minutes at 144° C. The test results were as shown in Table II.
Eksempler 8, 9 og 10: Fremgangsmåten ved eksempler 2, 3 og 4 ble gjentatt, idet det ble brukt et butadien/styren copolymergummi som selges kommersielt under navn av «Krylen» av Polymer Corporation of Sarnia. De vulka-niseringsstoffer som ble brukt var: Examples 8, 9 and 10: The procedure of Examples 2, 3 and 4 was repeated using a butadiene/styrene copolymer rubber sold commercially under the name of "Krylen" by Polymer Corporation of Sarnia. The vulcanizing substances used were:
5 deler sinkoksyd 5 parts zinc oxide
2 deler stearinsyre 2 parts stearic acid
2 deler svovel 2 parts sulphur
0,44 deler difenyl guanidin 1,31 deler dibenztiazyl disulfid Valsene til valsing av disse stoffer med gummi/propylenblandingen holdt til å begynne med 30° C. Forstykker av de fremkomne preparater ble modnet 40 minutter 0.44 parts diphenyl guanidine 1.31 parts dibenzthiazyl disulphide The rolls for rolling these substances with the rubber/propylene mixture were initially kept at 30° C. Pre-pieces of the resulting preparations were matured for 40 minutes
Tabell III. Table III.
Eksempler 11, 12, 13 og 14: Naturgummi (ribbet, smoked sheet) ble kombinert på samme måte som for eksempler 2, 3 og 4 med forskjellige konsentra sjoner av carbon black (solgt under beteg-nelsen «Ukarb» 327), og forskjellige konsentrasjoner av polypropylen. De utvalsede ark ble avkjølt, blandet med vulkaniserings-stoffer, modnet og prøvet som i de foregående eksempler. Resultatene av prøvene er gjengitt i tabell IV. Examples 11, 12, 13 and 14: Natural rubber (ribbed, smoked sheet) was combined in the same way as for examples 2, 3 and 4 with different concentrations tions of carbon black (sold under the designation "Ukarb" 327), and different concentrations of polypropylene. The rolled sheets were cooled, mixed with vulcanizing substances, matured and tested as in the previous examples. The results of the tests are reproduced in table IV.
Eksempler 15, 16, 17 og 18: Butylgummi som selges under navn av «Butyl 200» ble kombinert som i eksempler 2, 3 og 4 med forskjellige konsentrasjoner av carbon black (solgt under navn av «Ukarb» 237) og forskjellige konsentrasjoner av polypropylen. De valsede ark ble av-kjølt, kombinert med vulkaniseringstoffer, modnet og prøvet som i de foregående eksempler. Resultatene av prøvene er frem-stillet i Tabell V. Examples 15, 16, 17 and 18: Butyl rubber sold under the name of "Butyl 200" was combined as in examples 2, 3 and 4 with different concentrations of carbon black (sold under the name of "Ucarb" 237) and different concentrations of polypropylene. The rolled sheets were cooled, combined with vulcanizing agents, matured and tested as in the previous examples. The results of the tests are presented in Table V.
Claims (5)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US73174368A | 1968-05-24 | 1968-05-24 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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NO125557B true NO125557B (en) | 1972-09-25 |
Family
ID=24940780
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NO2065/69A NO125557B (en) | 1968-05-24 | 1969-05-21 |
Country Status (19)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US3619153A (en) |
AT (1) | AT305764B (en) |
BE (1) | BE733402A (en) |
BG (1) | BG17353A3 (en) |
BR (1) | BR6908479D0 (en) |
CH (1) | CH511461A (en) |
CS (1) | CS165333B2 (en) |
DE (1) | DE1926056A1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK131833C (en) |
ES (1) | ES367618A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2009297A1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1229559A (en) |
IE (1) | IE33281B1 (en) |
IL (1) | IL32250A (en) |
LU (1) | LU58678A1 (en) |
NL (1) | NL6907912A (en) |
NO (1) | NO125557B (en) |
PL (1) | PL80007B1 (en) |
SE (1) | SE341926B (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4148637A (en) * | 1973-09-04 | 1979-04-10 | Ricoh Co., Ltd. | Silane coupling agent in protective layer of photoconductive element |
WO1990007146A1 (en) * | 1988-12-14 | 1990-06-28 | Tazenkov Boris A | Electrophotographic image carrier |
JP3264119B2 (en) * | 1994-12-14 | 2002-03-11 | 富士ゼロックス株式会社 | Image forming method |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US3041166A (en) * | 1958-02-12 | 1962-06-26 | Xerox Corp | Xerographic plate and method |
US3312547A (en) * | 1964-07-02 | 1967-04-04 | Xerox Corp | Xerographic plate and processes of making and using same |
US3447957A (en) * | 1964-08-19 | 1969-06-03 | Xerox Corp | Method of making a smooth surfaced adhesive binder xerographic plate |
US3453106A (en) * | 1965-06-21 | 1969-07-01 | Owens Illinois Inc | Compositions exhibiting persistent internal polarization where a photoconductive material is dispersed in a polysiloxane resin derived from trifunctional monomers |
-
1968
- 1968-05-24 US US731743A patent/US3619153A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1969
- 1969-04-30 BR BR208479/69A patent/BR6908479D0/en unknown
- 1969-05-19 PL PL1969133693A patent/PL80007B1/pl unknown
- 1969-05-20 IL IL32250A patent/IL32250A/en unknown
- 1969-05-20 LU LU58678D patent/LU58678A1/xx unknown
- 1969-05-20 AT AT478569A patent/AT305764B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1969-05-20 SE SE7076/69A patent/SE341926B/xx unknown
- 1969-05-21 IE IE698/69A patent/IE33281B1/en unknown
- 1969-05-21 NO NO2065/69A patent/NO125557B/no unknown
- 1969-05-21 BE BE733402D patent/BE733402A/xx unknown
- 1969-05-21 GB GB1229559D patent/GB1229559A/en not_active Expired
- 1969-05-22 DK DK279169A patent/DK131833C/en active
- 1969-05-22 CS CS3655A patent/CS165333B2/cs unknown
- 1969-05-22 DE DE19691926056 patent/DE1926056A1/en active Pending
- 1969-05-23 ES ES367618A patent/ES367618A1/en not_active Expired
- 1969-05-23 NL NL6907912A patent/NL6907912A/xx unknown
- 1969-05-23 CH CH794369A patent/CH511461A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1969-05-23 BG BG012309A patent/BG17353A3/en unknown
- 1969-05-23 FR FR6917079A patent/FR2009297A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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BG17353A3 (en) | 1973-07-25 |
IE33281B1 (en) | 1974-05-15 |
IL32250A (en) | 1973-03-30 |
IE33281L (en) | 1969-11-24 |
CH511461A (en) | 1971-08-15 |
US3619153A (en) | 1971-11-09 |
DK131833C (en) | 1976-02-16 |
NL6907912A (en) | 1969-11-26 |
FR2009297A1 (en) | 1970-01-30 |
ES367618A1 (en) | 1971-07-16 |
DK131833B (en) | 1975-09-08 |
BE733402A (en) | 1969-11-21 |
LU58678A1 (en) | 1970-01-13 |
AT305764B (en) | 1973-03-12 |
DE1926056A1 (en) | 1969-12-04 |
PL80007B1 (en) | 1975-08-30 |
SE341926B (en) | 1972-01-17 |
IL32250A0 (en) | 1969-07-30 |
BR6908479D0 (en) | 1973-01-18 |
GB1229559A (en) | 1971-04-28 |
CS165333B2 (en) | 1975-12-22 |
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