NO123030B - - Google Patents

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Publication number
NO123030B
NO123030B NO3300/68A NO330068A NO123030B NO 123030 B NO123030 B NO 123030B NO 3300/68 A NO3300/68 A NO 3300/68A NO 330068 A NO330068 A NO 330068A NO 123030 B NO123030 B NO 123030B
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Norway
Prior art keywords
oleophilic
graphite
load
compounds
additive
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Application number
NO3300/68A
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English (en)
Inventor
S Dodson
R Cairns
Original Assignee
British Petroleum Co
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Publication date
Application filed by British Petroleum Co filed Critical British Petroleum Co
Publication of NO123030B publication Critical patent/NO123030B/no

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    • C10M5/00Solid or semi-solid compositions containing as the essential lubricating ingredient mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils and their use
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02CCRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C23/00Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
    • B02C23/06Selection or use of additives to aid disintegrating
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  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)

Description

Fremgangsmåte til fremstilling av oleofilisk grafitt eller
et oleofilisk metallsulfid.
Foreliggende oppfinnelse vedrorer en fremgangsmåte til fremstilling av oleofilisk grafitt eller et oleofilisk metallsulfid.
Oleofilisk grafitt har en adsorbsjonsvarme for n-dotriakontan fra n-heptan på minst 700 millikalorier per gram og en adsorbsjonsvarme for n-butanol fra n-heptan på mindre enn 200 millikalorier per gram.
Oleofiliske metallsulfider har et forhold mellom adsorbsjonsvarmen for n-dotriakontan fra n-heptan og adsorbsjonsvarmen for n-butanol fra n-heptan på minst 1:2 fortrinnsvis minst 1:1 og helst minst 2:1.
Oleofilisk grafitt er beskrevet i britiske patenter nr.
1 168 785 og nr. 1 l80 554 samt i belgisk patent nr. 711 146 og frem- stilles ved å male naturlig eller syntetisk grafitt i en organisk væske med lavt kokepunkt, lav viskositet og lav overflatespenning,! vesentlig fravær av luft.
Tilfredsstillende produkter kan oppnåes ved maling i de fleste organiske væsker, men det er onskelig å benytte en væske hvorav meste-parten lett kan fjernes fra den oleofiliske grafitt. n e væsker som destillerer under 500°C og som har en viskositet under 600 centistoke ved 38°G er derfor foretrukket. Væsker med en overflatespenning under 72 dyne/cm, fortrinnsvis fra 10 til 4-0 dyne/cm ved 25°C er foretrukket.
Fgnede organiske væsker er hydrokarboner med lav molekyl vekt, inkludert rettkjedede eller forgrenede, mettede eller umettede alifatiske forbindelser, mettede eller umettede, substituerte eller usubstituerte cykloalkylforbindelser og substituerte eller usubstituerte aromatiske forbindelser. Eksempler på slike forbindelser er n-heptan, okten-2, 2,2,4-trimetylpentan, cykloheksan, benzen eller toluen. Forgrenede alifatiske forbindelser er spesielt foretrukket. Andre egnede organiske væsker er de forbindelser som inneholder fluor, klor eller fosfor og klor, f.eks. karbontetraklorid.
Andre egnede organiske væsker er polare oksygenforbindelser slik som isopropylalkohol. Flytende silikoner kan også anvendes.
For oppnåelse av de beste resultater bor grafittmengden i blandingen av grafitt og organisk væske ikke overskride 50 vektprosent, og fortrinnsvis bor den være fra 2 til 20 vektprosent.
'Malingen kan utfores i en hvilken som helst egnet maleanord-ning og det er onskelig å fortsette malingen inntil det oppnåes en oleofilisk grafitt med en overflatestorrelse f bestemt ved nitrogen-adsorbsjon) på fra 20 til 800, fortrinnsvis fra 30 til 200 m 2/g. Dette kan i alminnelighet oppnåes ved maling ved normale temperaturer i det nødvendige tidsrom, men temperaturen på blandingen kan om onsket okes ved oppvarming til f.eks. ^. 00°C. I dette tilfelle kan væsker med viskositeter opp til 600 centistoke ved 38°C anvendes, f.eks. mineral-smoreoljer varierende fra spindeloljer til lyse oljer.
En av de raskeste og mest effektive teknikker er å foreta maling i en vibrasjons-kulemolle. Mollen har fortrinnsvis en vibra-sjonsamplitude på minst 2 mm og en frekvens på minst 1500 cykler per minutt. Det er viktig å ekskludere luft så langt som mulig under
selve malingen.
Ved bruk av en kulemolle er det naturligvis onskelig å anvende kuler laget av et materiale som ikke reagerer med grafitten og som ikke slites nevneverdig under malingen. Vibrasjons-kulemoller inneholder vanligvis stålkuler og disse er egnet for foreliggende formål. Det foretrekkes å benytte stålkuler av hoy hardhetsgrad.
F,t magnetisk filter kan brukes for å fjerne små ferropartikler fra oppslemmingen. Et sirkulasjonssystem kan også anvendes hvori oppslemmingen pumpes gjennom et utvendig magnetisk filter og deretter returneres til mollen.
Oppslemmingen av oleofilisk grafitt kan separeres fra kulene ved sikting eller fortrengning av en annen væske og deretter sikting.
Hvis en organisk væske med relativt hoyt kokepunkt benyttes for malingen, er det foretrukket å fortrenge denne væske med en lavere kokende væske. Denne væske kan deretter fjernes ved koking fra oppslemmingen. Det foretrekkes å anvende kraftig koking.
Det. er også mulig å filtrere oppslemmingen for å oppnå en filterkake av oleofilisk grafitt.
I hvert av tilfellene er det foretrukket å fjerne de siste spor av opplosningsmiddel ved oppvarming av filterkaken i en vakuum-ovn i flere timer, f.eks. ved 100°C og ved 1 mm Hg.
Når den oleofiliske grafitt skal anvendes som et fortyknings-middel i smorefett, foretrekkes de malebetingelser som er beskrevet i fransk patent nr. 1 572 334» nisse betingelser består i en kontinuer-lig eller halvkontinuerlig fremgangsmåte hvor en malevæske og/eller en mineral- eller syntetisk basisolje og de materialer som skal males fores gjennom mollen og den resulterende oppslemming fores gjennom et magnetisk filter for den fores til ytterligere behandlingstrinn. Oleofiliske metallsulfider. er beskrevet i.britisk patent nr. 1 l80 554 °g fransk patent nr. 1 559 939 > °g omfatter molybdendisulfid wolframdisulfid og tinndisulfid. Fremgangsmåten til fremstilling av oleofiliske metallsulfider er i alt vesentlig den samme som beskrevet ovenfor under henvisning til oleofilisk grafitt.
Oleofiliske forbindelser har smorende egenskaper og kan anvendes i smorefett, dispersjoner og faste sammensetninger.. Det er viktig ved anvendelse av oleofiliske forbindelser at de ikke bor inne-holde noen urenheter av hard eller flytende natur.
Når oleofiliske forbindelser er fremstilt ved maling i en vibrasjonsmolle ved bruk av harde stålkuler i et kammer av blott stål, er det funnet at det foreligger en viss tendens for små ferropartikler å bli blandet med den fremstilte oleofiliske forbindelse. Tilstede-værelsen av avslitte partikler i den oleofiliske forbindelse er natur ligvis uonsket og problemet har blitt behandlet ved bruk av herdede stålkuler og et settherdet malekammer. Magnetisk filtrering kan også anvendes.
Det er nå funnet at tilsetningen av et belastningsbærende additiv for smoremidler til malemediet, som anvendes ved fremstillingen av oleofiliske materialer, reduserer mengden av avslitte bruddstykker i det oleofiliske materialet.
Ifolge oppfinnelsen er det tilveiebragt en fremgangsmåte til fremstilling av en oleofilisk grafitt eller et oleofilisk metallsulfid, hvor grafitten eller metallsulfidet males i en organisk malevæske til en overflatestorrelse på minst 20 m /g, kjennetegnet ved at malingen foregår i nærvær av et belastningsbærende additiv.
Belastningsbærende additiver er velkjente additiver anvendt
i smoremiddelblandinger. Heres funksjon er å forbedre smoremiddél-blandingens anti-slitasjeegenskaper og/eller egneskaper ved ekstreme trykk, dvs. å redusere slitasjeomfanget og å hindre sammenbrenning av legemer som smores av smoreoljeblandinger.
De organiske belastningsbærende additiver som kan anvendes i foreliggende oppfinnelse omfatter forbindelser inneholdende elementer fra gruppene VB, VIB eller VTTB i det periodiske system og spesielt fosfor, svovel eller et halogen.
Eksempler på egnede additiver er organiske klorholdige forbindelser slik som klorerte hydrokarboner med lav molekylvekt, fortrinnsvis de inneholdende fra 1-4 karbonatomer, f.eks. karbontetraklorid; klorbenzylestere av alkylxantinsyrer og av tiosyrer slik som tiokarbonsyre; og klorerte hydrokarbonvokser.
Andre egnede belastningsbærende additiver er kovalente svovel-holdige forbindelser slik som difenolpolysulfidene, f.eks. di-(4-hydroksyfenollpolysulfid; alkyl og aryltioetere; alkyl og aryltio-karbonater og tiokarbamater; svovel-substituerte karboksylsyreestere f.eks. eddiksyreestere substituert i a-stilling med svovel; sulfurerte polymerer f.eks. sulfurert butadien-l,3/styren sampolymerisat; reak-sjonsproduktet av svovel og polyalkylenglykoler; alkyldisulfider f. eks. di-n-butyldisulfid og di-(2-etylheksyl)disulfid; og di-aryldi-sulfider f.eks. di-benzyldisulfid og di-(aminobenzyl)disulfid.
Videre eksempler på egnede belastningsbærende additiver er fosfosulfurerte organiske forbindelser. Typiske organiske materialer som kan fosfosulfureres omfatter oksygenholdige vokser; klorerte fen-oler; voksholdige estere; cykliske ketoner; hydrogenert spermasett- olje; estere av umettede syrer, f.eks. glykol og glyceryloleater; og abietinsyreestere.
Ytterligere egnede belastningsbærende additiver er organiske forbindelser inneholdende fosfat eller tiofosfatgrupper slik som tri-aromatiske fosfater f.eks. tricresylfosfat; trialkylfosfater slik som tributylfosfat; og metalldialkylditiofosfater slik som zinkdialkyldi-tiofosfåtene.
Organo-metalliske forbindelser slik som organo-tinn-ditio-fosfater og blynaftenat kan også benyttes som belastningsbærende additiver.
Forbindelser inneholdende nitrogen som kan anvendes omfatter fosforamidater f.eks. de som er beskrevet i britisk patent nr. 899 101, nitrobenzener, nitronaftalener, aminofosfater, tetraalkylammoniumfos-fater og tiofosfater, og rhodanin og rhodanin-derivater.
Fremgangsmåten til fremstilling av oleofiliske forbindelser ifolge foreliggende oppfinnelse er særlig egnet ved fremstilling av oleofiliske forbindelser som skal anvendes som fortykningsmidler i smorefett. Denne anvendelse av oleofiliske forbindelser er beskrevet i britiske patenter nr. 1 168 284, nr. 1 162 222, nr. 1 l80 554 og nr.
1 186 671, samt i franske patenter nr. 1 559 939 og nr. 1 572 .334.
De belastningsbærende additiver som anvendes i foreliggende oppfinnelse kan tilsettes til malemediet i en mengde på opp til 100 vektprosent og fortrinnsvis fra 5 til 50 vektprosent, basert på vekten av oleofilisk materiale. Additivet kan velges slik at dets egenskaper er spesielt egnet for den bruk som'det oleofiliske materialet er til-tenkt. Når f.eks. det oleofiliske materialet skal anvendes som et for-tykningsmiddel i smorefett, foretrekkes zinkditiofosfater som additiver fordi de har anti-korrosjons- og anti-oksydasjonsegenskaper i tillegg til deres belastningsbærende egenskaper.
Eksempel
Virkningen av å male grafitt i en petroleumeter (kokeområde 70° - 90°C) i nærvær -av et belastningsbærende additiv, er vist i fSig-ende tabell.
Den benyttede molle var en VM25 vibrasjonsmdlle, malingen ble utfort i 8 timer og malekammeret av blott stål og settherdet stål ble benyttet. Vibrasjonsamplityden var 4 mm°g vibrasjonsfrekvensen 3000 cykler per minutt.
Oppslemmingen ble sirkulert gjennom et magnetisk filter i alle tilfellene.
Additiv A er et kommersielt zinkdialkylditiofosfat som selges under varemerket "Lubrizol 1097" og additiv B er en klorert parafin solgt under varemerket "Ceroclor 4-2"• 13 vektprosent av additiv A basert på vekten av grafitt ble benyttet og 33 vektprosent av additiv B basert på vekten av grafitt ble benyttet.

Claims (5)

1. Fremgangsmåte til fremstilling av oleofilisk grafitt eller et oleofilisk metallsulfid, hvtfr grafitten eller metallsulfidet males i en organisk væske til en overflatestorrelse på minst 20 m 2/g,karakterisert vedat malingen foregår i nærvær av et belastningsbærende additiv.
2. Fremgangsmåte ifolge krav 1,karakterisertved at det belastningsbærende additiv inneholder svovel og/eller fosfor.
3. Fremgangsmåte ifolge krav 2,karakterisertved at additivet er et metallditiofosfat.
4. Fremgangsmåte ifSlge krav 3,karakterisertved at additivet er et zinkdialkylditiofosfat.
5. ' Fremgangsmåte ifolge krav 1-4»karakterisertved at det belastningsbærende additiv inneholder klor.
NO3300/68A 1967-09-05 1968-08-22 NO123030B (no)

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US5271854A (en) * 1986-09-23 1993-12-21 Lonza Ltd. High temperature lubricant containing carboxylated styrene-butadiene latex
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US5099667A (en) * 1989-06-16 1992-03-31 Lonza Ltd. System for suspending and applying solid lubricants to tools or work pieces
ATE111379T1 (de) * 1990-03-26 1994-09-15 Lonza Ag Verfahren und einrichtung zum intervallweisen versprühen einer schmiermittel-suspension.
US8283296B2 (en) * 2006-10-11 2012-10-09 Henkel Ag & Co., Kgaa Lubricant for hot forging applications

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