NO122141B - - Google Patents

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Publication number
NO122141B
NO122141B NO4370/68A NO437068A NO122141B NO 122141 B NO122141 B NO 122141B NO 4370/68 A NO4370/68 A NO 4370/68A NO 437068 A NO437068 A NO 437068A NO 122141 B NO122141 B NO 122141B
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Norway
Prior art keywords
lubricant
salts
lubricating oil
stated
basic salt
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NO4370/68A
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English (en)
Inventor
J Brook
J Williams
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Shell Nv
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Publication of NO122141B publication Critical patent/NO122141B/no

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    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M1/00Liquid compositions essentially based on mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils; Their use as lubricants
    • C10M1/08Liquid compositions essentially based on mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils; Their use as lubricants with additives
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    • C10M2201/00Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/10Compounds containing silicon
    • C10M2201/102Silicates
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    • C10M2203/00Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
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    • C10M2203/00Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
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    • C10M2205/02Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
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    • C10M2207/023Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
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    • C10M2207/121Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/123Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms polycarboxylic
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    • C10M2207/12Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
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    • C10M2207/26Overbased carboxylic acid salts
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    • C10M2209/00Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/02Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/08Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type
    • C10M2209/084Acrylate; Methacrylate
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    • C10M2215/00Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/02Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • C10M2215/06Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
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    • C10M2215/02Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • C10M2215/06Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
    • C10M2215/064Di- and triaryl amines
    • C10M2215/065Phenyl-Naphthyl amines
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    • C10M2219/00Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/08Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals
    • C10M2219/082Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2219/083Dibenzyl sulfide
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    • C10M2223/04Phosphate esters
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    • C10N2010/00Metal present as such or in compounds
    • C10N2010/04Groups 2 or 12
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  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)

Description

Smøremiddel.
Foreliggende oppfinnelse vedrører et smøremiddel.
Tunge oljer brennes i store skipsmotorer. Disse oljer inneholder ofte relativt store mengder svovel. Ved forbrenning kan svo-velet danne svoveldioksyd og/eller svoveltrioksyd som sure forbrennings-produkter. Disse produkter forårsaker ofte, alene eller med andre for-brenningsprodukter motorkorrosjonsproblemer. For å unngå eller reduse-re disse problemer har man tilsatt basiske naftenater av metaller fra det periodiske systems gruppe II til smøreoljene slik at de tilsatte stoffer kan være tilgjengelig for nøytralisering av sure forbrennings-produkter. Et smøremiddel som inneholder et slikt naftenat er nu blitt tilveiebragt, og det nye smøremiddel oppviser forbedrede antirustningsegenskaper, forbedret termisk stabilitet og basisitet.
I henhold til foreliggende oppfinnelse omfatter smøremiddelet .en hydrokarbonsmøreolje, i det minste ett oljeoppløselig basisk salt av i det minste én naftensyre og i det minste ett metall fra det periodiske systems gruppe II med et atomtall 12 til 56, og i det minste ett oljeoppløselig basisk salt av i det minste én aromatisk karboksylsyre og i det minste ett metall fra det periodiske systems gruppe II med et atomtall 12 til 56. Et slikt produkt vil kunne aksepteres ombord på skip som et smøremiddel for hjelpemotorer og hovedmotoren. Dette er av fordel fordi man hittil har anvendt særskilte smøremidler for hovedmotoren og hjelpemotorene.
Det basiske salt eller saltene av i det minste én naftensyre og det basiske salt eller saltene av i det minste én aromatisk karboksylsyre skal fortrinnsvis være tilstede i mengder for å gi smøremid-delet et totalt elektromerisk basetall av 5 til 12 (fortrinnsvis 6 til 10, særlig i det vesentlige 8) mgKOH/g. Det totale elektromeriske basetall (for korthets skyld kalt TEBT-tallet) er i foreliggende beskrivel-se bestemt ved den fremgangsmåte som er angitt av American Society for Testing Materials (forkortet ASTM) metode D664-58 eller Institute of Petroleum-metoden 177/64.
Den engelske forkortelse for totalt elektromerisk basetall
er TBNE, total base number electromeric.
Hydrokarbonsmøreoljen kan være av mineralsk eller syntetisk opprinnelse. Den kan være en enkeltolje eller en blanding. Et eksempel på en blanding er en blanding av mineralsmøreoljer, f.eks. en blanding av en destillatsmøreolje med en lys olje. Et annet eksempel er en blanding av en mineralsmøreolje med en syntetisk hydrokarbonsmøreolje. Mineralsmøreoljen kan i alt vesentlig være parafinisk og/eller nafte-nisk, men den kan inneholde vesentlige mengder av aromatiske hydrokarboner. Hensiktsmessig fremstilles mineralsmøreoljer fra høyparafinis-le råoljer. I dette tilfelle kan destillasjon og/eller avvoksning være tilstrekkelig for å gi mineralsmøreoljer. Kjemisk eller selektiv opp-løsningsmiddelbehandling kan også anvendes, men fortrinnsvis reduseres dette til et minimum av økonomiske årsaker. Blandede råoljer, eller høyaromatiske råoljer, som inneholder parafiniske hydrokarboner, kan også raffineres for å gi tilfredsstillende mineralsmøreoljer. Slik raffinering kan omfatte utskillelse av destillatfraksjoner med passen-de kokepunktsområder, oppløsningsmiddelekstraksjon av fraksjoner med selektive oppløsningsmidler (f.eks. furfural eller fenol) for å få raffinatfraksjoner, avvoksning av raffinatfraksjonene og kjemisk be-handling av de awoksede raf f inatfraks joner (f.eks. ved hjelp av svo-velsyre. Et eksempel på en hensiktsmessig hydrokarbonsmøreolje av syntetisk opprinnelse er et polyolefin, f.eks. et polyisobutylen. Visko- siteten av hydrokarbonsmøreoljen kan variere innen vide grenser, slik at det ferdige smøremiddel kommer inn under f.eks. SAE-klassene 5W, 10W, 20W, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 eller 70. (SAE betyr Society of Automotive Engineers).
Det basiske salt eller saltene av naftensyrer er hensiktsmessig tilstede i en mengde for å gi et totalt elektromerisk basetall av 1,5 til 3 mgKOH/g for 1 vektprosent av dem i smøreoljen. Fortrinnsvis skal det være tilstede 0,5 til 3 vektprosent, basert på smøremiddelet, av det basiske salt eller saltene av i det minste én naftensyre. Naftensyrene kan ha middels molekylvekter av 150 til 750, skjønt lavere eller høyere molekylvekter er mulig. Overskuddet av basisitet (se nedenfor) av de basiske salter av naftensyrene sammenlignet med de nøytrale salter kan være over 400 %, fortrinnsvis over 600 %, f.eks. 800 eller mere opptil den oppnåelige grense. Hensiktsmessige salter er av barium, kalsium, magnesium, strontium eller sink. Foretrukkede salter er kalsiumsalter.
Den overskytende basisitet av de basiske salter av naftensyrene og de basiske salter av aromatiske karboksylsyrer får man ved hjelp av formelen:
I denne formel er M antallet av gruppe II-metallekvivalenter, og E
er antallet av ekvivalenter av naftensyre eller aromatisk karboksylsyre pr. 100 g av basisk salt. For naftensyresaltet eller saltene må
M og E gi et totalt elektromerisk basetall av 1 til 1,5 mgKOH/g for
1 vektprosent av dem i smøreoljen. For det aromatiske karboksylsyre-salt eller saltene må M og E gi et totalt elektromerisk basetall av 1 til 1,5 mgKOH/g for 1 vektprosent av dem i smøreoljen.
Det basiske salt eller saltene av aromatiske karboksylsyrer skal hensiktsmessig være tilstede i en mengde av 1 til 6 vektprosent basert på smøremiddelet. Hensiktsmessige salter er av barium, kalsium, strontium eller sink. De foretrukkede salter er kalsiumsalter. De aromatiske karboksylsyrer kan være hydrokarbon-substituerte benzosyrer, salicylsyrer, dihydroksybenzoesyre, antranilsyre eller naftalenkar-boksylsyrer. Eksempler på disse er C3-C22-alkylbenzoesyre, c3-c22~ alkylsalicylsyre ogC3-C22-alkylnaftalen-karboksylsyrer, f.eks. lau-rylsalicylsyre, stearylsalicylsyrer eller blandinger av Cg-C30-alkyl-salicylsyrer. Foretrukkede syrer er ci^~ ciq- eller C14-C22-alkylsa-licylsyrer. Disse syrer anvendes hensiktsmessig for å gi blandinger
av basiske salter av C14-<C>18- eller C14-C22-monoalkyl- og -dialkyl-salicylsyrer. En blanding av basiske kalsiumsalter av C^4-C^8-mono-
i
alkyl- og -dialkylsalicylsyrer er særlig å foretrekke. Denne blanding er i det følgende betegnet som salt A. HensiWsmessig har det en overskuddsbasisitet av 50%, 200% eller 600%.
Fortrinnsvis skal et smøremiddel i henhold til oppfinnelsen også inneholde 0,01 til 2,0 (fortrinnsvis 0,05 til 1,0) vektprosent
av i det minste ett antioksydant.En klasse av hensiktsmessige antioksydanter er metalltiofosfater, som f.eks. kalsium- eller sink-dialkyldi-tiofosfater, særlig slike hvor alkylgruppene er amyl og/eller butyl. En annen klasse består av alkylfenoler, f.eks. di- og tri-alkylfenoler (fortrinnsvis 2,6—diteriærbutyl-4-metylfenol) og alkylbisfenoler (f. eks. bis-(3,5-di-tertiærbutyl-4-hydroksyfenyl)-metan). En tredje klasse er arylaminer, som f.eks. fenylalfanaftylamin eller fenylbetanaftyl-amin. Antioksydanter fra disse klasser kan om ønskes også anvendes sam-men.
Andre tilsetningsstoffer kan tilsettes til et smøremiddel i henhold til oppfinnelsen. Eksempler på slike er anti-"scuffing"-midler (f.eks. fosforholdige estere), antiskumningsmidler (f.eks. silikonpoly-merer), viskositetsindeksforbedrere (f.eks. polymere akrylestere), ekstreme trykktilsetningsmidler (f.eks. dibenzyldisulfid), rustinhibi-torer (f.eks. kondenseringsprodukter av maleinsyreanhydrid og langkje-dede olefiner), oljefrie midler (f.eks. syrefri talg) og overflateak-tive midler (f.eks. peroksyderte aromatiske ekstrakter).
Oppfinnelsen skal nu klargjøres ved følgende komposisjoner:
Antirusttest; Denne ble utført i henhold til ASTM-metoden D 665,
men det ble anvendt en 20%'s mettet saltoppløsning
som korroderende medium.
Deemulgerbarhetstest; Testoljen ble omrørt med 10 volumprosent vann
i et ASTM-metode D665-apparat ved 60°C, og oljen lot
man deretter henstå for å avsette seg under innvirk-ning av tyngdekraften ved denne temperatur. Prøver ble uttatt etter 2 timer og 16 timer fra topplaget og
vanninnholdet i prøvene ble bestemt. Oksydasjonsstabilitetstest; Denne var en SCOT-test ved 160°C under an-vendelse av oppløselig jernkatalysator.
Fra tabell i vil det sees at ved å anvende basiske kafeiumalkyl-salicylater med basiske kalsiumnaftenater, vil en smøreolje som inneholder basiske kalsiumnaftenater få bedre antirustningsegenskaper, bedre deemulgerringsegenskaper og bedre oksydasjonsstabilitetsegenskaper.
Av tabell 2 vil det sees at de totale elektrome riske basetall for komposisjonene C, E og F er større enn de totale elektromeriske basetall for komposisjonene A, B og D. Komposisjonene B og D . svarer således til et TEBT-tall av 1,25 mgKOH/g pr. 1 vektprosent basiske kalsiumalkylsalicylater og komposisjon A svarer til et TEBT-tall av 2 mg KOH/g pr. 1 veklprosent basiske kalsiumnaftenater, hvilket viser at de totale TEBT-tall for komposisjonene C, E og F ville ha vært 7,75 mgKOH/g, 7,675 mgKOH/g og 7,8 mgKOH/g istedenfor de bestemte 7,8 mgKOH/g, 8,0 mgKOH/g og 8,0 mgKOH/g.

Claims (10)

1. Smøremiddel omfattende en hovedmengde av en hydrokarbon-smøreol je og mindre mengder av olje-oppløselige basiske salter av organiske syrer og metaller fra det periodiske systems gruppe II med et atomtall av 12 til 56,karakterisert
ved at det inneholder 0,1 - 20 vektprosent, fortrinnsvis 0,1 - 10 vektprosent av a) et olje-oppløselig basisk salt av en naftensyre og nevnte metall, kjent i og for seg som smøreolje-tilsetningsstoff, og b) et olje-oppløselig basisk salt av en aromatisk karboksylsyre og nevnte metall, kjent i og for seg som smøreolje-tilsetningsstoff.
2. Smøreolje som angitt i krav 1,karakterisert vedat smøremidlet har et totalt elektromerisk basetall av 5 til 12 mgK0H/g.
3. 'Smøremiddel som angitt i krav 1-2,karakterisert vedat det basiske salt eller saltene av i det minste én naftensyre er tilstede for å gi et totalt elektromerisk basetall av 1,5 til 3 mgK0H/g for 1 vektprosent av dem i smøreoljen.
4. Smøremiddel som angitt i krav 1-3,karakterisert' ved at det inneholder 0,5 til 3 vektprosent, basert på smøremidlet av det basiske salt eller saltene av i det minste én naftensyre.
5. Smøremiddel som angitt i krav 1-3,karakterisert vedat det basiske salt eller saltene av i det minste én naftensyre har en overskuddsbasisitet av over 400%.
6. Smøremiddel som angitt i krav 1-5,karakterisert vedat saltet eller saltene av i det minste én naftensyre er kalsiumsalter.
7. Smøremiddel som angitt i krav 1-6,karakterisert vedat det inneholder 1 til 6 vektprosent, basert på smøremidlet, av det basiske salt eller saltene av i det minste én aromatisk karboksylsyre.
8. Smøremiddel som angitt i krav 7,karakterisert vedat det basiske salt eller salter av i det minste én aromatisk karboksylsyre er basiske kalsiumsalter av C,„-C,0- eller x 4 lb C14-C22<-m>onoalkyl- og dialkyl-salicylsyrer..
9. Smøremiddel som angitt i krav 1-8,karakterisert vedat det inneholder i det minste ett metalltiofosfat.
10. Smøremiddel som angitt i krav 9,karakterisert vedat det inneholder et sinkdialkylditiofosfat.
NO4370/68A 1967-11-06 1968-11-04 NO122141B (no)

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US5250203A (en) * 1987-02-27 1993-10-05 The Lubrizol Corporation Lubricating oil compositions containing a polyoxyalkylene carboxylic acid salt additive
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DE1806899C3 (de) 1975-08-14
JPS4829361B1 (no) 1973-09-10
NL6815667A (no) 1969-05-08
DE1806899A1 (de) 1969-06-12
DE1806899B2 (de) 1975-01-09

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