NO122141B - - Google Patents
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- Publication number
- NO122141B NO122141B NO4370/68A NO437068A NO122141B NO 122141 B NO122141 B NO 122141B NO 4370/68 A NO4370/68 A NO 4370/68A NO 437068 A NO437068 A NO 437068A NO 122141 B NO122141 B NO 122141B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- lubricant
- salts
- lubricating oil
- stated
- basic salt
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 150000001447 alkali salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 20
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- HNNQYHFROJDYHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(4-ethylcyclohexyl)propanoic acid 3-(3-ethylcyclopentyl)propanoic acid Chemical compound CCC1CCC(CCC(O)=O)C1.CCC1CCC(CCC(O)=O)CC1 HNNQYHFROJDYHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052751 metal Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002184 metal Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 159000000007 calcium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- RYYWUUFWQRZTIU-UHFFFAOYSA-K thiophosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=S RYYWUUFWQRZTIU-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 15
- -1 aromatic carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 239000010688 mineral lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 125000005608 naphthenic acid group Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- LKVLGPGMWVYUQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium;naphthalene-2-carboxylate Chemical class [Ca+2].C1=CC=CC2=CC(C(=O)[O-])=CC=C21.C1=CC=CC2=CC(C(=O)[O-])=CC=C21 LKVLGPGMWVYUQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- RWZYAGGXGHYGMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthranilic acid Chemical class NC1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O RWZYAGGXGHYGMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- GVPWHKZIJBODOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzyl disulfide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1CSSCC1=CC=CC=C1 GVPWHKZIJBODOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N furfural Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=CO1 HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000005609 naphthenate group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003870 salicylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AKEJUJNQAAGONA-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur trioxide Chemical compound O=S(=O)=O AKEJUJNQAAGONA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LNETULKMXZVUST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-naphthoic acid Chemical class C1=CC=C2C(C(=O)O)=CC=CC2=C1 LNETULKMXZVUST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WXTMDXOMEHJXQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid Chemical class OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=CC=C1O WXTMDXOMEHJXQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GTRHHOMIEMLBPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-dodecoxybenzoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOC1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O GTRHHOMIEMLBPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OBYWYNKFFLAQBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-octadecoxybenzoic acid Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O OBYWYNKFFLAQBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MDWVSAYEQPLWMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-Methylenebis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol) Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=CC(CC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)=C1 MDWVSAYEQPLWMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930185605 Bisphenol Natural products 0.000 description 1
- NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylhydroxytoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005069 Extreme pressure additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- GVGLGOZIDCSQPN-PVHGPHFFSA-N Heroin Chemical compound O([C@H]1[C@H](C=C[C@H]23)OC(C)=O)C4=C5[C@@]12CCN(C)[C@@H]3CC5=CC=C4OC(C)=O GVGLGOZIDCSQPN-PVHGPHFFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LPHGQDQBBGAPDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isocaffeine Natural products CN1C(=O)N(C)C(=O)C2=C1N(C)C=N2 LPHGQDQBBGAPDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XQVWYOYUZDUNRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Phenyl-1-naphthylamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC2=CC=CC=C2C=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 XQVWYOYUZDUNRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KEQFTVQCIQJIQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Phenyl-2-naphthylamine Chemical compound C=1C=C2C=CC=CC2=CC=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 KEQFTVQCIQJIQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002367 Polyisobutene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical class [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 1
- RYYWUUFWQRZTIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophosphoric acid Chemical class OP(O)(S)=O RYYWUUFWQRZTIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004982 aromatic amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000010233 benzoic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001559 benzoic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229960001948 caffeine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- VJEONQKOZGKCAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N caffeine Natural products CN1C(=O)N(C)C(=O)C2=C1C=CN2C VJEONQKOZGKCAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005573 silicon-containing polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013112 stability test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 description 1
- RYYVLZVUVIJVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylxanthine Natural products CN1C(=O)N(C)C(=O)C2=C1N=CN2C RYYVLZVUVIJVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M1/00—Liquid compositions essentially based on mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils; Their use as lubricants
- C10M1/08—Liquid compositions essentially based on mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils; Their use as lubricants with additives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/10—Compounds containing silicon
- C10M2201/102—Silicates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
- C10M2205/026—Butene
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- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
- C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
- C10M2207/024—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings having at least two phenol groups but no condensed ring
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
- C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
- C10M2207/026—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings with tertiary alkyl groups
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- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2207/121—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms
- C10M2207/123—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms polycarboxylic
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- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2207/129—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of thirty or more carbon atoms
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- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/16—Naphthenic acids
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- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/22—Acids obtained from polymerised unsaturated acids
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- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/26—Overbased carboxylic acid salts
- C10M2207/262—Overbased carboxylic acid salts derived from hydroxy substituted aromatic acids, e.g. salicylates
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type
- C10M2209/084—Acrylate; Methacrylate
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
- C10M2215/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
- C10M2215/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
- C10M2215/064—Di- and triaryl amines
- C10M2215/065—Phenyl-Naphthyl amines
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/08—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals
- C10M2219/082—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2219/083—Dibenzyl sulfide
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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- C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
- C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
- C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
- C10M2223/042—Metal salts thereof
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- C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
- C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
- C10M2223/045—Metal containing thio derivatives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2229/02—Unspecified siloxanes; Silicones
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
- C10M2229/05—Siloxanes with specific structure containing atoms other than silicon, hydrogen, oxygen or carbon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
- C10N2010/04—Groups 2 or 12
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
- C10N2040/252—Diesel engines
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
- C10N2040/252—Diesel engines
- C10N2040/253—Small diesel engines
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
- C10N2050/015—Dispersions of solid lubricants
- C10N2050/02—Dispersions of solid lubricants dissolved or suspended in a carrier which subsequently evaporates to leave a lubricant coating
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
- C10N2050/10—Semi-solids; greasy
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2060/00—Chemical after-treatment of the constituents of the lubricating composition
- C10N2060/04—Oxidation, e.g. ozonisation
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
Description
Smøremiddel. Lubricant.
Foreliggende oppfinnelse vedrører et smøremiddel. The present invention relates to a lubricant.
Tunge oljer brennes i store skipsmotorer. Disse oljer inneholder ofte relativt store mengder svovel. Ved forbrenning kan svo-velet danne svoveldioksyd og/eller svoveltrioksyd som sure forbrennings-produkter. Disse produkter forårsaker ofte, alene eller med andre for-brenningsprodukter motorkorrosjonsproblemer. For å unngå eller reduse-re disse problemer har man tilsatt basiske naftenater av metaller fra det periodiske systems gruppe II til smøreoljene slik at de tilsatte stoffer kan være tilgjengelig for nøytralisering av sure forbrennings-produkter. Et smøremiddel som inneholder et slikt naftenat er nu blitt tilveiebragt, og det nye smøremiddel oppviser forbedrede antirustningsegenskaper, forbedret termisk stabilitet og basisitet. Heavy oils are burned in large ship engines. These oils often contain relatively large amounts of sulphur. During combustion, the sulfur can form sulfur dioxide and/or sulfur trioxide as acidic combustion products. These products often, alone or with other combustion products, cause engine corrosion problems. In order to avoid or reduce these problems, basic naphthenates of metals from group II of the periodic system have been added to the lubricating oils so that the added substances can be available for neutralization of acidic combustion products. A lubricant containing such a naphthenate has now been provided, and the new lubricant exhibits improved anti-rust properties, improved thermal stability and basicity.
I henhold til foreliggende oppfinnelse omfatter smøremiddelet .en hydrokarbonsmøreolje, i det minste ett oljeoppløselig basisk salt av i det minste én naftensyre og i det minste ett metall fra det periodiske systems gruppe II med et atomtall 12 til 56, og i det minste ett oljeoppløselig basisk salt av i det minste én aromatisk karboksylsyre og i det minste ett metall fra det periodiske systems gruppe II med et atomtall 12 til 56. Et slikt produkt vil kunne aksepteres ombord på skip som et smøremiddel for hjelpemotorer og hovedmotoren. Dette er av fordel fordi man hittil har anvendt særskilte smøremidler for hovedmotoren og hjelpemotorene. According to the present invention, the lubricant comprises a hydrocarbon lubricating oil, at least one oil-soluble basic salt of at least one naphthenic acid and at least one metal from the periodic system group II with an atomic number of 12 to 56, and at least one oil-soluble basic salt of at least one aromatic carboxylic acid and at least one metal from group II of the periodic table with an atomic number of 12 to 56. Such a product would be acceptable on board ships as a lubricant for auxiliary engines and the main engine. This is advantageous because until now special lubricants have been used for the main engine and auxiliary engines.
Det basiske salt eller saltene av i det minste én naftensyre og det basiske salt eller saltene av i det minste én aromatisk karboksylsyre skal fortrinnsvis være tilstede i mengder for å gi smøremid-delet et totalt elektromerisk basetall av 5 til 12 (fortrinnsvis 6 til 10, særlig i det vesentlige 8) mgKOH/g. Det totale elektromeriske basetall (for korthets skyld kalt TEBT-tallet) er i foreliggende beskrivel-se bestemt ved den fremgangsmåte som er angitt av American Society for Testing Materials (forkortet ASTM) metode D664-58 eller Institute of Petroleum-metoden 177/64. The basic salt or salts of at least one naphthenic acid and the basic salt or salts of at least one aromatic carboxylic acid should preferably be present in amounts to give the lubricant portion a total electromeric base number of 5 to 12 (preferably 6 to 10, especially in the main 8) mgKOH/g. The total electromeric base number (for brevity called the TEBT number) is in the present description determined by the method specified by the American Society for Testing Materials (abbreviated ASTM) method D664-58 or the Institute of Petroleum method 177/64.
Den engelske forkortelse for totalt elektromerisk basetall The English abbreviation for total electromeric base number
er TBNE, total base number electromeric. is TBNE, total base number electromeric.
Hydrokarbonsmøreoljen kan være av mineralsk eller syntetisk opprinnelse. Den kan være en enkeltolje eller en blanding. Et eksempel på en blanding er en blanding av mineralsmøreoljer, f.eks. en blanding av en destillatsmøreolje med en lys olje. Et annet eksempel er en blanding av en mineralsmøreolje med en syntetisk hydrokarbonsmøreolje. Mineralsmøreoljen kan i alt vesentlig være parafinisk og/eller nafte-nisk, men den kan inneholde vesentlige mengder av aromatiske hydrokarboner. Hensiktsmessig fremstilles mineralsmøreoljer fra høyparafinis-le råoljer. I dette tilfelle kan destillasjon og/eller avvoksning være tilstrekkelig for å gi mineralsmøreoljer. Kjemisk eller selektiv opp-løsningsmiddelbehandling kan også anvendes, men fortrinnsvis reduseres dette til et minimum av økonomiske årsaker. Blandede råoljer, eller høyaromatiske råoljer, som inneholder parafiniske hydrokarboner, kan også raffineres for å gi tilfredsstillende mineralsmøreoljer. Slik raffinering kan omfatte utskillelse av destillatfraksjoner med passen-de kokepunktsområder, oppløsningsmiddelekstraksjon av fraksjoner med selektive oppløsningsmidler (f.eks. furfural eller fenol) for å få raffinatfraksjoner, avvoksning av raffinatfraksjonene og kjemisk be-handling av de awoksede raf f inatfraks joner (f.eks. ved hjelp av svo-velsyre. Et eksempel på en hensiktsmessig hydrokarbonsmøreolje av syntetisk opprinnelse er et polyolefin, f.eks. et polyisobutylen. Visko- siteten av hydrokarbonsmøreoljen kan variere innen vide grenser, slik at det ferdige smøremiddel kommer inn under f.eks. SAE-klassene 5W, 10W, 20W, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 eller 70. (SAE betyr Society of Automotive Engineers). The hydrocarbon lubricating oil can be of mineral or synthetic origin. It can be a single oil or a mixture. An example of a mixture is a mixture of mineral lubricating oils, e.g. a mixture of a distillate lubricating oil with a light oil. Another example is a mixture of a mineral lubricating oil with a synthetic hydrocarbon lubricating oil. The mineral lubricating oil can essentially be paraffinic and/or naphthenic, but it can contain significant amounts of aromatic hydrocarbons. Mineral lubricating oils are suitably produced from highly paraffinic crude oils. In this case, distillation and/or dewaxing may be sufficient to provide mineral lubricating oils. Chemical or selective solvent treatment can also be used, but this is preferably reduced to a minimum for economic reasons. Blended crudes, or highly aromatic crudes, containing paraffinic hydrocarbons can also be refined to yield satisfactory mineral lubricating oils. Such refining may include separation of distillate fractions with appropriate boiling point ranges, solvent extraction of fractions with selective solvents (e.g. furfural or phenol) to obtain raffinate fractions, dewaxing of the raffinate fractions and chemical treatment of the dewaxed raffinate fractions (e.g. .e.g. by means of sulfuric acid. An example of a suitable hydrocarbon lubricating oil of synthetic origin is a polyolefin, e.g. a polyisobutylene. The viscosity of the hydrocarbon lubricating oil can vary within wide limits, so that the finished lubricant enters under f .eg SAE classes 5W, 10W, 20W, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 or 70. (SAE stands for Society of Automotive Engineers).
Det basiske salt eller saltene av naftensyrer er hensiktsmessig tilstede i en mengde for å gi et totalt elektromerisk basetall av 1,5 til 3 mgKOH/g for 1 vektprosent av dem i smøreoljen. Fortrinnsvis skal det være tilstede 0,5 til 3 vektprosent, basert på smøremiddelet, av det basiske salt eller saltene av i det minste én naftensyre. Naftensyrene kan ha middels molekylvekter av 150 til 750, skjønt lavere eller høyere molekylvekter er mulig. Overskuddet av basisitet (se nedenfor) av de basiske salter av naftensyrene sammenlignet med de nøytrale salter kan være over 400 %, fortrinnsvis over 600 %, f.eks. 800 eller mere opptil den oppnåelige grense. Hensiktsmessige salter er av barium, kalsium, magnesium, strontium eller sink. Foretrukkede salter er kalsiumsalter. The basic salt or salts of naphthenic acids are suitably present in an amount to give a total electromeric base number of 1.5 to 3 mgKOH/g for 1% by weight of them in the lubricating oil. Preferably, 0.5 to 3 weight percent, based on the lubricant, of the basic salt or salts of at least one naphthenic acid should be present. The naphthenic acids may have average molecular weights of 150 to 750, although lower or higher molecular weights are possible. The excess of basicity (see below) of the basic salts of the naphthenic acids compared to the neutral salts may be over 400%, preferably over 600%, e.g. 800 or more up to the achievable limit. Suitable salts are of barium, calcium, magnesium, strontium or zinc. Preferred salts are calcium salts.
Den overskytende basisitet av de basiske salter av naftensyrene og de basiske salter av aromatiske karboksylsyrer får man ved hjelp av formelen: The excess basicity of the basic salts of the naphthenic acids and the basic salts of aromatic carboxylic acids is obtained using the formula:
I denne formel er M antallet av gruppe II-metallekvivalenter, og E In this formula, M is the number of Group II metal equivalents, and E
er antallet av ekvivalenter av naftensyre eller aromatisk karboksylsyre pr. 100 g av basisk salt. For naftensyresaltet eller saltene må is the number of equivalents of naphthenic acid or aromatic carboxylic acid per 100 g of basic salt. For the naphthenic acid salt or salts must
M og E gi et totalt elektromerisk basetall av 1 til 1,5 mgKOH/g for M and E give a total electromeric base number of 1 to 1.5 mgKOH/g for
1 vektprosent av dem i smøreoljen. For det aromatiske karboksylsyre-salt eller saltene må M og E gi et totalt elektromerisk basetall av 1 til 1,5 mgKOH/g for 1 vektprosent av dem i smøreoljen. 1 percent by weight of them in the lubricating oil. For the aromatic carboxylic acid salt or salts, M and E must give a total electromeric base number of 1 to 1.5 mgKOH/g for 1% by weight of them in the lubricating oil.
Det basiske salt eller saltene av aromatiske karboksylsyrer skal hensiktsmessig være tilstede i en mengde av 1 til 6 vektprosent basert på smøremiddelet. Hensiktsmessige salter er av barium, kalsium, strontium eller sink. De foretrukkede salter er kalsiumsalter. De aromatiske karboksylsyrer kan være hydrokarbon-substituerte benzosyrer, salicylsyrer, dihydroksybenzoesyre, antranilsyre eller naftalenkar-boksylsyrer. Eksempler på disse er C3-C22-alkylbenzoesyre, c3-c22~ alkylsalicylsyre ogC3-C22-alkylnaftalen-karboksylsyrer, f.eks. lau-rylsalicylsyre, stearylsalicylsyrer eller blandinger av Cg-C30-alkyl-salicylsyrer. Foretrukkede syrer er ci^~ ciq- eller C14-C22-alkylsa-licylsyrer. Disse syrer anvendes hensiktsmessig for å gi blandinger The basic salt or salts of aromatic carboxylic acids should conveniently be present in an amount of 1 to 6 percent by weight based on the lubricant. Suitable salts are of barium, calcium, strontium or zinc. The preferred salts are calcium salts. The aromatic carboxylic acids can be hydrocarbon-substituted benzoic acids, salicylic acids, dihydroxybenzoic acid, anthranilic acid or naphthalene carboxylic acids. Examples of these are C3-C22-alkylbenzoic acid, C3-C22~ alkylsalicylic acid and C3-C22-alkylnaphthalene carboxylic acids, e.g. lauryl salicylic acid, stearyl salicylic acids or mixtures of C 8 -C 30 alkyl salicylic acids. Preferred acids are C1-C12- or C14-C22 alkylsalicylic acids. These acids are suitably used to give mixtures
av basiske salter av C14-<C>18- eller C14-C22-monoalkyl- og -dialkyl-salicylsyrer. En blanding av basiske kalsiumsalter av C^4-C^8-mono- of basic salts of C14-<C>18- or C14-C22-monoalkyl- and -dialkyl-salicylic acids. A mixture of basic calcium salts of C^4-C^8-mono-
i in
alkyl- og -dialkylsalicylsyrer er særlig å foretrekke. Denne blanding er i det følgende betegnet som salt A. HensiWsmessig har det en overskuddsbasisitet av 50%, 200% eller 600%. alkyl and dialkyl salicylic acids are particularly preferred. This mixture is hereinafter referred to as salt A. Accordingly, it has an excess basicity of 50%, 200% or 600%.
Fortrinnsvis skal et smøremiddel i henhold til oppfinnelsen også inneholde 0,01 til 2,0 (fortrinnsvis 0,05 til 1,0) vektprosent Preferably, a lubricant according to the invention should also contain 0.01 to 2.0 (preferably 0.05 to 1.0) percent by weight
av i det minste ett antioksydant.En klasse av hensiktsmessige antioksydanter er metalltiofosfater, som f.eks. kalsium- eller sink-dialkyldi-tiofosfater, særlig slike hvor alkylgruppene er amyl og/eller butyl. En annen klasse består av alkylfenoler, f.eks. di- og tri-alkylfenoler (fortrinnsvis 2,6—diteriærbutyl-4-metylfenol) og alkylbisfenoler (f. eks. bis-(3,5-di-tertiærbutyl-4-hydroksyfenyl)-metan). En tredje klasse er arylaminer, som f.eks. fenylalfanaftylamin eller fenylbetanaftyl-amin. Antioksydanter fra disse klasser kan om ønskes også anvendes sam-men. of at least one antioxidant. One class of suitable antioxidants are metal thiophosphates, such as e.g. calcium or zinc dialkyldithiophosphates, especially those where the alkyl groups are amyl and/or butyl. Another class consists of alkylphenols, e.g. di- and tri-alkylphenols (preferably 2,6-di-tertiarybutyl-4-methylphenol) and alkyl bisphenols (e.g. bis-(3,5-di-tertiarybutyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-methane). A third class is arylamines, such as e.g. phenylalphanaphthylamine or phenylbetanaphthylamine. Antioxidants from these classes can also be used together if desired.
Andre tilsetningsstoffer kan tilsettes til et smøremiddel i henhold til oppfinnelsen. Eksempler på slike er anti-"scuffing"-midler (f.eks. fosforholdige estere), antiskumningsmidler (f.eks. silikonpoly-merer), viskositetsindeksforbedrere (f.eks. polymere akrylestere), ekstreme trykktilsetningsmidler (f.eks. dibenzyldisulfid), rustinhibi-torer (f.eks. kondenseringsprodukter av maleinsyreanhydrid og langkje-dede olefiner), oljefrie midler (f.eks. syrefri talg) og overflateak-tive midler (f.eks. peroksyderte aromatiske ekstrakter). Other additives can be added to a lubricant according to the invention. Examples of such are anti-scuffing agents (e.g. phosphorus-containing esters), anti-foaming agents (e.g. silicone polymers), viscosity index improvers (e.g. polymeric acrylic esters), extreme pressure additives (e.g. dibenzyl disulphide) , rust inhibitors (e.g. condensation products of maleic anhydride and long-chain olefins), oil-free agents (e.g. acid-free tallow) and surfactants (e.g. peroxidized aromatic extracts).
Oppfinnelsen skal nu klargjøres ved følgende komposisjoner: The invention shall now be clarified by the following compositions:
Antirusttest; Denne ble utført i henhold til ASTM-metoden D 665, Antirust test; This was carried out in accordance with ASTM method D 665,
men det ble anvendt en 20%'s mettet saltoppløsning but a 20% saturated saline solution was used
som korroderende medium. as a corrosive medium.
Deemulgerbarhetstest; Testoljen ble omrørt med 10 volumprosent vann Demulsibility test; The test oil was stirred with 10 volume percent water
i et ASTM-metode D665-apparat ved 60°C, og oljen lot in an ASTM Method D665 apparatus at 60°C, and the oil let
man deretter henstå for å avsette seg under innvirk-ning av tyngdekraften ved denne temperatur. Prøver ble uttatt etter 2 timer og 16 timer fra topplaget og it is then allowed to settle under the influence of gravity at this temperature. Samples were taken after 2 hours and 16 hours from the top layer and
vanninnholdet i prøvene ble bestemt. Oksydasjonsstabilitetstest; Denne var en SCOT-test ved 160°C under an-vendelse av oppløselig jernkatalysator. the water content of the samples was determined. Oxidation stability test; This was a SCOT test at 160°C using soluble iron catalyst.
Fra tabell i vil det sees at ved å anvende basiske kafeiumalkyl-salicylater med basiske kalsiumnaftenater, vil en smøreolje som inneholder basiske kalsiumnaftenater få bedre antirustningsegenskaper, bedre deemulgerringsegenskaper og bedre oksydasjonsstabilitetsegenskaper. From table i, it will be seen that by using basic caffeine alkyl salicylates with basic calcium naphthenates, a lubricating oil containing basic calcium naphthenates will have better anti-rust properties, better de-emulsification properties and better oxidation stability properties.
Av tabell 2 vil det sees at de totale elektrome riske basetall for komposisjonene C, E og F er større enn de totale elektromeriske basetall for komposisjonene A, B og D. Komposisjonene B og D . svarer således til et TEBT-tall av 1,25 mgKOH/g pr. 1 vektprosent basiske kalsiumalkylsalicylater og komposisjon A svarer til et TEBT-tall av 2 mg KOH/g pr. 1 veklprosent basiske kalsiumnaftenater, hvilket viser at de totale TEBT-tall for komposisjonene C, E og F ville ha vært 7,75 mgKOH/g, 7,675 mgKOH/g og 7,8 mgKOH/g istedenfor de bestemte 7,8 mgKOH/g, 8,0 mgKOH/g og 8,0 mgKOH/g. From table 2 it will be seen that the total electromeric base numbers for compositions C, E and F are greater than the total electromeric base numbers for compositions A, B and D. Compositions B and D . thus corresponds to a TEBT figure of 1.25 mgKOH/g per 1 weight percent basic calcium alkyl salicylates and composition A corresponds to a TEBT number of 2 mg KOH/g per 1 vol% basic calcium naphthenates, showing that the total TEBT numbers for compositions C, E and F would have been 7.75 mgKOH/g, 7.675 mgKOH/g and 7.8 mgKOH/g instead of the determined 7.8 mgKOH/g , 8.0 mgKOH/g and 8.0 mgKOH/g.
Claims (10)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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GB50317/67A GB1137819A (en) | 1967-11-06 | 1967-11-06 | Improvements in or relating to lubricant compositions |
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NO122141B true NO122141B (en) | 1971-05-24 |
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NO4370/68A NO122141B (en) | 1967-11-06 | 1968-11-04 |
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-
1967
- 1967-11-06 GB GB50317/67A patent/GB1137819A/en not_active Expired
-
1968
- 1968-11-01 US US772840A patent/US3625893A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1968-11-04 SE SE14905/68A patent/SE347284B/xx unknown
- 1968-11-04 NL NL6815667A patent/NL6815667A/xx unknown
- 1968-11-04 DE DE1806899A patent/DE1806899C3/en not_active Expired
- 1968-11-04 NO NO4370/68A patent/NO122141B/no unknown
- 1968-11-04 FR FR1590499D patent/FR1590499A/fr not_active Expired
- 1968-11-08 JP JP43079973A patent/JPS4829361B1/ja active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE1806899B2 (en) | 1975-01-09 |
SE347284B (en) | 1972-07-31 |
GB1137819A (en) | 1968-12-27 |
DE1806899C3 (en) | 1975-08-14 |
US3625893A (en) | 1971-12-07 |
NL6815667A (en) | 1969-05-08 |
DE1806899A1 (en) | 1969-06-12 |
FR1590499A (en) | 1970-04-13 |
JPS4829361B1 (en) | 1973-09-10 |
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