NO121029B - - Google Patents

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Publication number
NO121029B
NO121029B NO164185A NO16418566A NO121029B NO 121029 B NO121029 B NO 121029B NO 164185 A NO164185 A NO 164185A NO 16418566 A NO16418566 A NO 16418566A NO 121029 B NO121029 B NO 121029B
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Norway
Prior art keywords
dichlorodiphenyl
weight
parts
chlorine content
mixtures
Prior art date
Application number
NO164185A
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Norwegian (no)
Inventor
J Bostrom
Original Assignee
Illinois Tool Works
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Application filed by Illinois Tool Works filed Critical Illinois Tool Works
Publication of NO121029B publication Critical patent/NO121029B/no

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D43/00Lids or covers for rigid or semi-rigid containers
    • B65D43/02Removable lids or covers
    • B65D43/0202Removable lids or covers without integral tamper element
    • B65D43/0214Removable lids or covers without integral tamper element secured only by friction or gravity
    • B65D43/022Removable lids or covers without integral tamper element secured only by friction or gravity only on the inside, or a part turned to the inside, of the mouth of the container
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D21/00Nestable, stackable or joinable containers; Containers of variable capacity
    • B65D21/02Containers specially shaped, or provided with fittings or attachments, to facilitate nesting, stacking, or joining together
    • B65D21/0233Nestable containers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D51/00Closures not otherwise provided for
    • B65D51/18Arrangements of closures with protective outer cap-like covers or of two or more co-operating closures
    • B65D51/185Arrangements of closures with protective outer cap-like covers or of two or more co-operating closures the outer closure being a foil membrane
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2251/00Details relating to container closures
    • B65D2251/0003Two or more closures
    • B65D2251/0006Upper closure
    • B65D2251/0031Membrane
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2251/00Details relating to container closures
    • B65D2251/0003Two or more closures
    • B65D2251/0068Lower closure
    • B65D2251/0081Lower closure of the 43-type
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2543/00Lids or covers essentially for box-like containers
    • B65D2543/00009Details of lids or covers for rigid or semi-rigid containers
    • B65D2543/00018Overall construction of the lid
    • B65D2543/00027Stackable lids or covers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2543/00Lids or covers essentially for box-like containers
    • B65D2543/00009Details of lids or covers for rigid or semi-rigid containers
    • B65D2543/00018Overall construction of the lid
    • B65D2543/00064Shape of the outer periphery
    • B65D2543/0012Shape of the outer periphery having straight sides, e.g. with curved corners
    • B65D2543/00175Shape of the outer periphery having straight sides, e.g. with curved corners four straight sides, e.g. trapezium or diamond
    • B65D2543/00194Shape of the outer periphery having straight sides, e.g. with curved corners four straight sides, e.g. trapezium or diamond square or rectangular
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2543/00Lids or covers essentially for box-like containers
    • B65D2543/00009Details of lids or covers for rigid or semi-rigid containers
    • B65D2543/00018Overall construction of the lid
    • B65D2543/00259Materials used
    • B65D2543/00296Plastic
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2543/00Lids or covers essentially for box-like containers
    • B65D2543/00009Details of lids or covers for rigid or semi-rigid containers
    • B65D2543/00444Contact between the container and the lid
    • B65D2543/00481Contact between the container and the lid on the inside or the outside of the container
    • B65D2543/0049Contact between the container and the lid on the inside or the outside of the container on the inside, or a part turned to the inside of the mouth of the container
    • B65D2543/00509Cup
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2543/00Lids or covers essentially for box-like containers
    • B65D2543/00009Details of lids or covers for rigid or semi-rigid containers
    • B65D2543/00444Contact between the container and the lid
    • B65D2543/00481Contact between the container and the lid on the inside or the outside of the container
    • B65D2543/00537Contact between the container and the lid on the inside or the outside of the container on the outside, or a part turned to the outside of the mouth of the container
    • B65D2543/00546NO contact
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2543/00Lids or covers essentially for box-like containers
    • B65D2543/00009Details of lids or covers for rigid or semi-rigid containers
    • B65D2543/00824Means for facilitating removing of the closure
    • B65D2543/00833Integral tabs, tongues, handles or similar
    • B65D2543/00851Integral tabs, tongues, handles or similar on the central part of the lid
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01DCONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D2101/00Material constitution of bridges
    • E01D2101/30Metal

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Closures For Containers (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Packages (AREA)

Description

Olje til bruk ved isolering, kjøling og varmeoverføring. Oil for use in insulation, cooling and heat transfer.

Det er kjent at isomerblandinger av It is known that isomeric mixtures of

klorerte difenyler kan anvendes som isolerings- og kjøleoljer til transformatorer og som varmeoverf ørende olje til opphetning av rom. Disse oljer har alt etter høyden av kloreringsgraden forskjellig høytliggen-de eutektiske temperaturer. chlorinated diphenyls can be used as insulating and cooling oils for transformers and as heat transfer oil for heating rooms. Depending on the degree of chlorination, these oils have different high eutectic temperatures.

Hvis oljene anvendes f. eks. som isoleringsoljer for transformatorer, som er ut-satt for meget lave temperaturer (frilufts-anlegg), er det nødvendig at isolerings- og kjøleoljene har meget lave eutektiske temperaturer. De hittil kjente isomerblandinger av klorerte difenyler med eutektiske temperaturer under —20° har den ulempe at ved meget lave temperaturer krystalliserer lett deler av isomerblandingen ut. En slik krystallisering kan forandre isolerings-oljens dielektriske egenskaper og ved be-lastning av det elektriske apparat føre til gjennomslag. If the oils are used e.g. as insulating oils for transformers, which are exposed to very low temperatures (open-air installations), it is necessary that the insulating and cooling oils have very low eutectic temperatures. The hitherto known isomeric mixtures of chlorinated diphenyls with eutectic temperatures below -20° have the disadvantage that at very low temperatures parts of the isomeric mixture easily crystallize out. Such crystallization can change the insulating oil's dielectric properties and, when the electrical device is under load, lead to breakdown.

Liknende ulemper iakttas også når oljene anvendtes som varmeoverf ørere for opphetning av rom. Dette er fremfor alt tilfelle hvis opphetningen avstenges forbi-gående. Similar disadvantages are also observed when the oils are used as heat exchangers for heating rooms. This is above all the case if the heating is switched off temporarily.

For å utsjalte denne usikkerhet ved To release this uncertainty by

driften av apparatene som inneholder disse oljeblandinger, har man til slike blandinger satt oppløsningsmidler for de utkrystalliserende stoffer, f. eks. triklorbensol (se U. S. patent nr. 1.931.373 og engelsk patent nr. 493.961). Denne fremgangsmåte har imid-lertid den ulempe at homogeniteten av et påtrykket felt blir forstyrret, hvorved det opptrer en økning av tapsvinkelverdien. Dessuten fordamper det tilsatte oppløs-ningsmiddel hurtigere enn de klorerte di- the operation of the devices containing these oil mixtures, solvents for the crystallized substances have been added to such mixtures, e.g. trichlorobenzene (see U. S. Patent No. 1,931,373 and English Patent No. 493,961). However, this method has the disadvantage that the homogeneity of an applied field is disturbed, whereby an increase in the loss angle value occurs. Moreover, the added solvent evaporates faster than the chlorinated di-

fenylisomere, slik at apparatet som er blitt fylt med slike blandinger må ettersees ofte og fra tid til annen etterfylles. phenyl isomers, so that the apparatus which has been filled with such mixtures must be inspected frequently and refilled from time to time.

Oppfinnerne har funnet at den først og fremst krystalliserende andel av slike isomerblandinger av klorerte difenyler er p,p'-diklordifenyl. Da den eutektiske temperatur av klorert difenyl ligger desto la-vere jo mindre klorinnholdet er, opptrer utkrystalliseringen i isoleringsoljer som har lave eutektiske temperaturer. For å hindre denne krystallisering, anvender man derfor i henhold til oppfinnelsen klorerte difenyler som ikke eller i bare liten grad inneholder p,p'-diklordifenyl. Mengden av p,p'-diklordifenyl i den klorerte difenylisomer-blanding skal i henhold til oppfinnelsen ikke utgjøre mere enn 8 pst. beregnet på den samlede blanding. The inventors have found that the primarily crystallising portion of such isomeric mixtures of chlorinated diphenyls is p,p'-dichlorodiphenyl. As the eutectic temperature of chlorinated diphenyl is the lower the lower the chlorine content, crystallization occurs in insulating oils which have low eutectic temperatures. In order to prevent this crystallization, according to the invention, therefore, chlorinated diphenyls are used which do not contain, or only to a small extent, p,p'-dichlorodiphenyl. According to the invention, the amount of p,p'-dichlorodiphenyl in the chlorinated diphenyl isomer mixture must not amount to more than 8 percent calculated on the overall mixture.

Hensiktsmessig anvender man for fremstillingen av de klorerte difenyler slike metoder, ved hvilke det ikke eller bare i liten grad dannes p.p'-diklordifenyl. Egnede fremgangsmåter er f. eks. klorering av difenyl med sulfuryl-klorid, fortrinnsvis i nærvær av aluminiumklorid, eller klorering med klor i nærvær av ca. 0,5—20 pst. brunsten. Hvis man for kloreringen anvender de vanlige halogenoverførere som f. eks. Jern eller antimonklorid, underkjøler man den erholdte isomerblanding inntil det ikke ønskede p,p'-diklordifenyl krystalliserer ut, og skiller så krystallene fra ved filtrering eller sentrifugering. Appropriate methods are used for the preparation of the chlorinated diphenyls in which p.p'-dichlorodiphenyl is not formed or only to a small extent. Suitable methods are e.g. chlorination of diphenyl with sulfuryl chloride, preferably in the presence of aluminum chloride, or chlorination with chlorine in the presence of approx. 0.5-20 percent of the rut. If you use the usual halogen transmitters for the chlorination such as e.g. Iron or antimony chloride, the obtained mixture of isomers is subcooled until the unwanted p,p'-dichlorodiphenyl crystallizes out, and the crystals are then separated by filtration or centrifugation.

En særlig fordel ved de for p,p'-diklor-fenyl frie isomerblandinger eller ved isomerblandinger som bare inneholder litt p,p'-diklordifenyl, er disses høye dielektrisitetskonstant. Mens en isomerblanding med et klorinnhold som svarer til penta-klordifenyl har en dielektrisitetskonstant på 4,4, ved 20° og 50 p/s, har den for upolart p,p'-diklordifenyl frie isomerblanding resp. en isomerblanding med en liten ikke lenger utkrystalliserende andel av p,p'-diklordi-f enyl, en dielektrisitetskonstant på ca. 6 ved 20° og 50 p/s. Som følge av disse gunstigere dielektrisitetsegenskaper kan dimensjone-ne av transformatorene og kondensatorene holdes tilsvarende mindre. A particular advantage of the isomer mixtures free of p,p'-dichlorophenyl or of isomer mixtures containing only a little p,p'-dichlorodiphenyl is their high dielectric constant. While an isomer mixture with a chlorine content corresponding to penta-chlorodiphenyl has a dielectric constant of 4.4, at 20° and 50 p/s, for non-polar p,p'-dichlorodiphenyl the free isomer mixture resp. an isomer mixture with a small no longer crystallising proportion of p,p'-dichlorodiphenyl, a dielectric constant of approx. 6 at 20° and 50 p/s. As a result of these more favorable dielectric properties, the dimensions of the transformers and capacitors can be kept correspondingly smaller.

De i henhold til oppfinnelsen anvendte isomerblandinger har i alminnelighet et klorinnhold på minst 32 pst. og høyest 42 pst. The isomer mixtures used according to the invention generally have a chlorine content of at least 32% and at most 42%.

Eksempel 1. Example 1.

I 154 vektdeler smeltet difenyl heller man ved en temperatur på ca. 80° C inn 472,5 vektdeler sulfurylklorid. For innledning, opprettholdelse og påskynning av kloreringen blir det etterhvert tilsatt 12 vektdeler aluminiumklorid. Det flytende råprodukt blåses ut med, luft eller en inert gass, nøytraliseres med faste eller flytende nøytraliseringsmidler f. eks. pulverisert ets-natron eller 10 pst.'s etsnatron-oppløsnin-ger og destilleres deretter i vakuum. In 154 parts by weight diphenyl was melted rather at a temperature of approx. 80° C into 472.5 parts by weight of sulphuryl chloride. To initiate, maintain and speed up the chlorination, 12 parts by weight of aluminum chloride are eventually added. The liquid raw product is blown out with air or an inert gas, neutralized with solid or liquid neutralizing agents, e.g. powdered caustic soda or 10% caustic soda solutions and then distilled in a vacuum.

(Kpi3ram160—195°). Destillatet er vannklart, har et klorinnhold på 40 pst. og dets eutektikum ligger ved —26° C. (Kpi3ram160—195°). The distillate is water-clear, has a chlorine content of 40 per cent and its eutectic point is -26° C.

Eksempel 2. Example 2.

Til 77,5 vektdeler smeltet difenyl setter man 7,75 vektdeler mangansuperoksyd (brunsten) og leder inn 41,5 vektdeler klor. Mengden av brunsten kan forhøyes til 20 pst. eller senkes til 0,5 pst. Det flytende råprodukt blir på egnet måte, f. eks. vel filtrering, befridd for brunsten resp. dé som mellomtrinn dannede manganklorider, og etter nøytralisering med alkali destilleres det i vakuum. (Kpi3]lim160—195°). Den rene isomerblanding har et klorinnhold på ca. 35 pst. og dens eutektikum ligger ved —29°. To 77.5 parts by weight of melted diphenyl, you add 7.75 parts by weight of manganese superoxide (tawny stone) and introduce 41.5 parts by weight of chlorine. The quantity of the rut can be increased to 20 per cent or lowered to 0.5 per cent. The liquid raw product becomes in a suitable way, e.g. well filtering, freed from the rut or the manganese chlorides formed as an intermediate step, and after neutralization with alkali, it is distilled in a vacuum. (Kpi3]lim160—195°). The pure isomer mixture has a chlorine content of approx. 35 percent and its eutectic is at -29°.

Eksempel 3. Example 3.

155 vektdeler difenyl som er tilsatt 0,2 vektdeler antimontriklorid eller en annen kjent kloroverfører blir ved innledning av klor ved 100—150° C gitt et klorinnhold på 38 pst. eller 36 pst. Fra de erholdte rå-produkter utfelles det mere eller mindre hurtig, eventuelt etter podning, en rikelig mengde krystaller. Man kan allerede befri råproduktet for krystallene eller man kan først foreta nøytraliseringen, eller man de-stillerer råproduktet og fjerner deretter krystallene ved filtrering. Krystallene har et klorinnhold på 32 pst. Den flytende isomerblanding har et noe høyere klorinnhold på ca. 36 pst., og eutektikumet ligger ved —28 til —30° C. 155 parts by weight of diphenyl to which 0.2 parts by weight of antimony trichloride or another known chlorine transfer agent has been added gives, when chlorine is introduced at 100-150° C, a chlorine content of 38 per cent or 36 per cent. From the raw products obtained, it precipitates more or less rapidly , possibly after grafting, a copious amount of crystals. You can already free the raw product from the crystals or you can first carry out the neutralization, or you distill the raw product and then remove the crystals by filtration. The crystals have a chlorine content of 32 per cent. The liquid isomer mixture has a somewhat higher chlorine content of approx. 36 per cent, and the eutectic is at -28 to -30° C.

Claims (1)

Anvendelse av isomerblandinger av klorerte difenyler som har et klorinnhold på minst 32 vektprosent og høyst 42 vektprosent, og som er fri for p,p'-diklordifenyl, eller bare har et lite, ikke lenger utkrystalliserende innhold av p,p'-diklordifenyl, som olje for isolering, kjøling og varmeoverføring.Use of isomeric mixtures of chlorinated diphenyls which have a chlorine content of at least 32% by weight and at most 42% by weight, and which are free of p,p'-dichlorodiphenyl, or only have a small, no longer crystallising content of p,p'-dichlorodiphenyl, which oil for insulation, cooling and heat transfer.
NO164185A 1965-08-18 1966-08-04 NO121029B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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US480655A US3344974A (en) 1965-08-18 1965-08-18 Composite container package

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NO121029B true NO121029B (en) 1971-01-04

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US (1) US3344974A (en)
BE (1) BE685504A (en)
CH (1) CH459053A (en)
DE (1) DE1536101A1 (en)
DK (1) DK111873B (en)
GB (1) GB1145764A (en)
NL (1) NL6611573A (en)
NO (2) NO121029B (en)
SE (1) SE315846B (en)

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DK111873B (en) 1968-10-14
SE315846B (en) 1969-10-06
NO121029L (en)
GB1145764A (en) 1969-03-19
US3344974A (en) 1967-10-03
BE685504A (en) 1967-01-16
CH459053A (en) 1968-06-30
NL6611573A (en) 1967-02-20
DE1536101A1 (en) 1969-08-14

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