NO121006B - - Google Patents

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Publication number
NO121006B
NO121006B NO163924A NO16392466A NO121006B NO 121006 B NO121006 B NO 121006B NO 163924 A NO163924 A NO 163924A NO 16392466 A NO16392466 A NO 16392466A NO 121006 B NO121006 B NO 121006B
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NO
Norway
Prior art keywords
mol
oil
polyamide
acid
stated
Prior art date
Application number
NO163924A
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English (en)
Inventor
R Schlobohm
H Millay
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Shell Int Research
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Publication of NO121006B publication Critical patent/NO121006B/no

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Description

Fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av et olje-oppløselig reaksjonsprodukt egnet for bruk
som et tilsetningsmiddel til smøreoljer.
Foreliggende oppfinnelse angår en fremgangsmå-
te for fremstilling av et olje-oppløselig reaksjonsprodukt som er egnet for bruk som et tilsetningsmiddel til smøreoljer, og frem-gangsmåten erkarakterisert vedat (a) 1 mol av et polyamid av en isofettsyre, eller en blanding av isofettsyre og en rettkjedet fett-
syre og et polyalkylenpolyamin, og polyamidet inneholder minst ett fritt basisk amino-nitrogenatom, bringes til å reagere i temperaturområdet 25-250°C med (b) 1-20 mol, fortrinnsvis 1-4 mol, av et aldehyd og 1-20 mol, fortrinnsvis 1-4 mol av en C^_20alkylfenol.
Andre trekk ved oppfinnelsen vil fremgå av den følgende beskri-
velse.
Polyamidet kan ha 1 til 100 (fortrinnsvis 2
til 50) frie basiske aminonitrogenatomer. Reaksjonsproduktet (a)
kan fremstilles ved å omsette 1 mol polyalkylenpolyamin med 1 til 4 mol av isofettsyre. Polyamidet er fortrinnsvis et diamid. Reaksjonen kan utføres ved en reaksjonstemperatur innenfor nevnte områ-
de, f.eks. 50-160°e, 120-250°C eller 175-200°C. En reaksjonstid av 1 til 10 eller 5 til 24 timer kan brukes. Reaksjonen kan utfø-
res i en lukket beholder ..under atmosfæriske betingelser. I stedet
for å bruke isofettsyre alene, kan man bruke en blanding omfattende
både en isofettsyre og en rettkjedetCg_22, fortrinnsvisC12_2omettet fettsyre. Denne blanding kan omfatte 70 til 95 molprosent av isofettsyren og 30 til 5 molprosent av den mettede fettsyre. Sistnevnte syre kan være laurin-, myristin-, palmitin- eller stearinsyre. Hvis ønsket kan mere enn en rettkjedet mettet fettsyre brukes.
Isofettsyren kan være mettet eller umettet. Hvis ønsket
kan man bruke mere enn én isofettsyre. Fortrinnsvis er isofettsy-
ren en Cg_22-isofettsyre. Eksempler på slike syrer er isooleinsy-
re, iso±earinsyre og dimere eller trimere umettedeC^6_2o-fettsy-
rer, f.eks. dimere olein- og linoleinsyrer.
Polyalkylenpolyanu.net kan være et polyetylenpolyamin. Eksempler på slike polyaminer er dietylenamin, trietylentetraamin, tetraetylenpentamin, tripropylentetraamin og tetrapropylenpentamin. Andre polyalkylenpolyaminer kan være polyaminer erholdt ved å poly-merisere etylenimin for å gi en polymer med en molekylvekt på 500
til 40 000.
Eksempler på et diamid kan være til stede i eller som re-aks jonsproduktet (a) er:
A RCONHCH2CHN(C4H9)CH2CH2NHCOR hvor R er en oleylgruppe
B dioleylamid av dietylentriamin C dimerisert oleylamid av dietylentriamin
D dimerisert linoleylamid av dietylentriamin
E blandet di- og trimerisert oleylamid av dietylentriamin
F diisooleylamid av dietylentriamin
G diisooleylamid av N-2-aminoetylpiperazin
H diamid av tetraetylenpentamin og isostearinsyre
I diamid av tetraetylenpentamin og en blanding av 10 molprosent stearinsyre og 90 molprosent isostearinsyre.
Diamider H og I vil i det følgende betegnes som diamidtilsetninger H og I.
Aldehydet kan være et alifatisk aldehyd. Det kan f.eks.
være formaldehyd (paraformaldehyd), acetaldehyd eller butyralde-
hyd. Andre mulige aldehyder er aromatiske aldehyder (f.eks.
benzaldehyd eller salicylaldehyd) og heterocykliske aldehyder (f. eks. furfural). Hvis ønsket man man bruke mer enn ett aldehyd.
Den aromatiske alkylhydroksyforbindelse kan være en aromatisk alkylmono- eller polyhydroksyforbindelse. Fortrinnsvis er det en aromatisk 20-alkylmono- eHer -polyhydroksy f orbin del se. Foretrukne arter av aromatiske alkylmono- eller polyhydroksyforbin-delser er alkyl- eller aralkylfenoler, fortrinnsvis en C^_2Q-alkylfenol-, naftol- eller antranol. En særlig foretrukket alkylfenol er en C4-18, fortrinnsvis Cg_^g-alkylfenol, f.eks. nonylfenoler, dodecylfenoler og didonylfenoler. 4-dodecylfenol er foretrukket. Et eksempel for aralkylfenoler er 4-benzylfenol. Hvis ønsket kan man bruke mere enn en aromatisk alkylhydroksyforbindelse.
De følgende eksempler illustrerer oljeoppløselige reak-sjon spro duk te r ifølge oppfinnelsen.
Eksempel 1
1 mol av diamidet av tetraetylenpentamin og en blanding av 10 molprosent av stearinsyre og 90 molprosent av isostearinsyre (det ovenfor nevnte diamid I) ble omsatt med 2 mol av hver av formaldehyd og 4-dodecylfenol ved en temperatur av SC-ISO^ i ca. 5 timer. Reaksjonsproduktet var olpoppløselig og oppviste rensende egenskaper og som hindret slamavsettelse.
Eksempel 2
1 mol av diisostearamid av tetraetylenpentamin ble omsatt med 2,5 mol formaldehyd og 4-dodecylfenol på den i eksempel 1 beskrevne måte for å gi et oljeoppløselig reaksjonsprodukt med rensende og korrosjonshindrende egenskaper.
Eksempel 3
1 mol av diamidet RCHONHCH2CHN(C4Hg)CH2CH2NHCOR, hvor R er en oleylgruppe (det ovenfor nevnte diamid A) ble omsatt på den i eksempel 1 beskrevne måte med 2 mol av hver av formaldehyd og 4-decylfenol for å gi et oljeoppløselig reaksjonsprodukt.
Eksempel 4
1 mol av dimerisert oleylamid av dietylentriamin (det ovenfor nevnte diamid C) ble omsatt på den i eksempel 1 beskrevne måte med 1 mol av formaldehyd og 1 mol 4 dodecylfenol for å gi et oljeoppløselig reaksjonsprodukt.
Eksempel 5
1 mol av diamidet av tetraetylenpentamin og en blanding av 10 molprosent av stearinsyre og 90 molprosent av isostearinsyre (det ovenfor nevnte diamid I) ble omsatt på den i eksempel 1 beskrevne måte med 3 mol formaldehyd og 3 mol 4-dodecylfenol for å gi et oljeoppløselig reaksjonsprodukt.
Eksempel 6
1 mol av diamidet av tetraetylenpentamin og en blanding av 10 molprosent av stearinsyre og 90 molprosent av isostearinsyre (det ovenfor nevnte diamid I) ble omsatt på den i eksempel 1 beskrevne måte med 3 mol formaldehyd og 3 mol av en Handing av C4_^g-alkylfenoler for å gi et oljeoppløselig reaksjonsprodukt.
Eksempel 7
1 mol av diamidet av tetraetylenpentamin og isostearinsyre (det ovenfor nevnte diamid H) ble omsatt på den i eksempel 1 beskrevne måte med 2 mol formaldehyd og 2 mol 4-dodecylfenol for å gi et oljeoppløselig reaksjonsprodukt.
Eksempel 8
1 mol av diamidet av tetraetylenpentamin og isostearinsyre (det ovenfor nevnte diamid H) ble omsatt på den i eksempel 1 beskrevne måte med 2 mol formaldehyd og 2 mol 4-benzylfenol for å gi et oljeoppløselig reaksjonsprodukt.
Eksempel 9
1 mol av diamidet av tetraetylenpentamin og isostearinsyre (det ovenfor nevnte diamid H) ble omsatt på den i eksempel 1 beskrevne måte med 2 mol acetaldehyd og 2 mol av en blanding av C^4_^g-alkylfenoler for å gi et oljeoppløselig reaksjonsprodukt.
Eksempel 10
1 mol av diamidet av dimerisert oleylamid av dietylentriamin og isostearinsyre (det ovenfor nevnte diamidC) ble omsatt på den i eksempel 1 beskrevne måte med 1 mol av formaldehyd og 1 mol av en blanding av Cg_^g-alkylnaftenoler for å gi et olje-oppløselig reaksjonsprodukt.
Ifølge et annet trekk ved oppfinnelsen inneholder smøre-midlet en større mengde av en smøreolje og en mindre mengde av et oljeoppløselig reaksjonsprodukt i samsvar med oppfinnelsen. Smøremidlet kan brukes som smøremiddel for utvekslinger, trucks, jernbaner eller biler eller som et hydraulisk fluidum. Hvis ønsket kan smøremidlet gis fettkonsistens eller det kan brukes som et skjærefluidum.
Den mindre mengde av det oljeoppløselige reaksjonsprodukt kan utgjøre 0,1 til 25 (f.eks. 0,1 til 20, fortrinnsvis 1 til 15, f.eks. 2 til 8) vektprosent, beregnet på smøremidlet. Dersom smøremidlet skal brukes for 4-taktsmaskiner eller for utvekslinger, brukes det oljeoppløselige reaksjonsprodukt i en mengde av 0,1 til 10 vektprosent av smøremidlet. Dersom smøremidlet skal brukes for 2-taktsmaskiner, brukes det oljeoppløselige reaksjonsprodukt i en mengde av 1 til 25 (fortrinnsvis 3 til 10) vektprosent av smøremidlet.
Smøreoljen kan være en naturlig og/eller syntetisk smø-reolje. Eksempler av syntetiske smøreoljer er polymeriserte olefiner, organiske estere av organiske eller anorganiske syrer (f. eks. di-2-etylheksylsebacat eller pentaerytritylestere av blandedeC^_Q-fettsyrer) og polyalkylsilikonpolymerer (f.eks. en dimetyl-silikonpolymer). Når smøreoljen er en mineralsk olje, kan det ha en viskositet på SAE 5W til SAE 140, fortrinnsvis SAE 20 til SAE 90. SAE betyr Society of Automotive Engineers.
Eksempler på mineralske smøreoljer som er særlig egnet er oljer fått fra West Texas Ellenburger-råoljer, EASt Texas råoljer, Oklahoma-råoljer, California-råoljer. En raffinert olje fra disse råoljer har følgende egenskaper:
En annen olje er en SAE 30 mineralolje med følgende egenskaper:
Når smøreoljen er en blanding av mineralske smøreoljer, kan den være en blanding av en Bright Stock-olje og en destilla-sjonsfraksjon av en mineralolje med en viskositetsindeks på minst 80 (f.eks. 80 - 140, fortrinnsvis 90 - 110) og en viskositet på 100 til 600 SUS (SUS betyr Saybolt Universal Seconds) ved 37°C. Denne blanding omfatter fortrinnsvis 10 til 50 vektprosent av Bright Stock-oljen og 90 til 50 vektprosent av destillatfraksjonen. Bright Stock-oljen kan ha en viskositetsindeks på minst 80, og fortrinnsvis på 90 til 110. Bright Stock-oljen har fortrinnsvis 5 til 70 vektprosent av aromatiske bestanddeler. En slik Bright Stock-olje er en foretrukket grunnolje for eventuell bruk i 2-taktsmaskiner. En Bright Stock-olje kan erholdes fra det konsentrerte residuum dannet under raffineringen av en mineralolje etter at destillatfraksjonene er fjernet. Det konsentrerte residuum blir avvokset og avasfaltert og om ønsket oppløsnings-og leirebehandlet. Det dannede raffinat er Bright Stock-oljen.
De følgende tabeller I og II gir eksempler på passende Bright Stock-oljer.
Destillatfraksjonen av mineraloljen som finnes i blandingen sammen med Bright Stock-oljen inneholder en betydelig mengde av heterocykliske aromatiske stoffer, f.eks. svovelholdige aromatiske stoffer (f.eks. 2 til 10 vektprosent), såsom benzoetiofener, dibenzoetiofener, tiofenacenaftylener eller tiofenofenantrener. Et eksempel på en destillatfraksjon avledet fra en East Texas-råolje har følgende egenskaper:
Analyse (tilleggs-ultrafiolett absorpsjon), vektprosent:
Denne fraksjon vil betegnes nedenfor som destillatfraksjon Y.
Hvis ønsket man en del.av destillatfraksjonen i blandingen erstattes med en mineralsk smøreolje med middels viskositet.
Særlig foretrukne blandinger er:
viskositetsindeks.
Rest mineralsk smøreolje med middels viskositetsindeks.
I blandingen C har den mineralske smøreolje med middels viskositetsindeks en viskositetsindeks på 80-85 og en viskositet på 76 SUS ved 99°C.
Et smøremiddel ifølge oppfinnelsen kan inneholde vanli-ge additiver, idet antallet og mengder av midlene velges avhengig av den ønskede virkning. Ek*mpler på additiver er midler som for-bedrer viskositetsindeksen (f.eks. en polymer akrylester), midler som nedsetter hellepunktet (f.eks. en metakrylatpolymer), midler som hindrer oksydasjon (f.eks. bis(2,6-ditertiær butyl-4-hydroksy-fenyl)-metan), metall-deaktivatorer (f.eks. disalicyletylendiimin), rusthindrende midler (f.eks. et kondensasjonsprodukt av maleinan-hydrid og en- eller flere langkjedede alkener) , skumhindrende midler (f.eks. en silikonpolymer), høytrykks-tilsetningsmidler, for-utsatt at disse midler ikke inneholder halogen, (f.eks. trifenyl-fosfat) og fastbrenningshindrende midler (f.eks. en syrefri talg-olje eller en ikke tørkende fettolje, såsom risinusolje).
Reaksjonsproduktene som fremstilles i henhold til foreliggende fremgangsmåte er særlig egnet som rensende midler i smøreoljer for 2-taktsmaskiner, slik som det fremgår av de senere omtalte motor forsøk.
Når et smøremiddel ifølge oppfinnelsen skal blandes med en hydrokarbonbrensel og deretter brukes i en 2-taktsmaskin, kan det resulterende brensel omfatte 1 del av smøremidlet pr. 5-100 deler av hydrokarbonbrenselet. Fortrinnsvis er dette forhold 1 del av smøremidlet pr. 10 til 50 deler av hydrokarbonbrenselet. Det kan også være tilstede 0,1 til 5 liter (f.eks. 0,5 til 2,5 liter) av smøremidlet pr. 4 liter brensel.
Hydrokarbonbrenselet kan være en dieselolje eller bensin, som kan være en ren eller blytilsatt bensin. Når en blytilsatt bensin skal brukes, kan bensin inneholde en eller flere bly-tetraalkyler, f.eks. tetraetylbly, tetrametylbly, etyltrimetyl-bly, dietyldimetylbly eller trietylmetylbly. Hvis ønsket kan den blytilsatte bensin omfatte et halogenspylemiddel. Eksempler på halogenspylemidler er mettede eller umettede halogenerte (Cl, Br eller i) olefiner, f.eks. etylendibromid, etylendiklorid eller deres blandinger. Andre halogenspylemidler omfatter organiske halogenider i hvilke halogenatomet er direkte knyttet til et umettet karbonatom. Eksempler på disse spylemidler er halogen-etylener (f.eks. jodetylen, 1,1-dikloretylen, 1,2-dikloretylen, 1,2-dibrometylen, trikloretylen eller tetrakloretylen) , halogen derivater av butadien (f.eks. 1-klor-l,3-butadien, 2-klor-1,3-butadien eller 1,1,2,3,4,4-heksaklorbutadien), arylhalogenider (f.eks. klorbenzen, brombenzen, diklorbenzen, dibrombenzen, di-iodbenzen, triklorbenzen, tribrombenzen, tetraklorbenzen, tetra-fluorbenzen eller heksafluorbenzen), halogenderivater av umettede heterocykliske forbindelser (f.eks. 2-klorpyridin, 3-klorpyridin, 4-klorpyridin, 3-brompyridin, 3-klorpyrrol eller 2-klortiofen)
og f.eks. 1-klorheksyn-l. Foretrukne halogenspylemidler er de som omfatter den største mengde av halogen pr. vektenhet av halo-genidet som er forenlig med tilstrekkelig oljeoppløselighet. Hydrokarbonbrenselet kan omfatte andre tilsetninger, f.eks. metyl-cyklopentadienyl-mangantrikarbonyl (et eksempel for et bakings-hindrende middel),midler som forandrer damptrykket (f.eks. buta-ner), koantibankemidler (f.eks. tertiært butylacetat), isdannel-seshindrende midler (f.eks. isopropylalkohol), skumhindrende midler (f.eks. silikoner), oksydasjonshindrende midler (f.eks. 2,4-dimetyl-6-tert. butylfenol eller di-sec. butyl-para-fenylendi-amin) eller farvestoffer eller pigmenter. Andre kjente forsterk-ningsmidler kan brukes, f.eks. organiske fosfitter eller fosfa-ter (f.eks. trikresylfosfat eller difenylkresylfosfat) eller borestere.
Når denne sammensatte brensel skal brukes i en 2-taktsmaskin brukes fortrinnsvis et hydrokarbon som destillerer vesent-lig kontinuerlig ved atmosfæretrykk innenfor temperaturområdet mellom 10 og 250°C. Denne hydrokarboribrensel kan være en hydro-karbonolje som eventuelt inneholder en alkohol. Hydrokarbonoljen kan være avledet fra petroleum og andre kilder, f.eks. kull eller synteseprosesser.
De følgende eksempler illustrerer sammensetninger av smøremidler ifølge oppfinnelsen.
Komposisjon I:
Komposisjon II:
Komposisjon III:
Komposisjon IV:
Komposisjon V:
Komposisjon VI:
Komposisjon VII:
Smøreolje-komposisjonene ble undersøkt som smøremidler for 2-taktsmaskiner i Homelite motorgeneratorer og i Mercury 650 og Johnson 40 HK 2-takts-påhengsmotorer under de nedenfor angitte betingelser.
Forsøksbetingelser med Homelite- motorer Forsøksbetingelser og varighet: Full effekt i 15 timer. Forsøksbrensel: "Shell"bensin blytilsatt til 3 ml/4 liter motorblanding TEL og inneholdende 0,2 teoretisk fosfor som difenylkresylfosfat.
Brensel/ olje forhold: 15/1
Grunnolje: Blanding A
Forsøksbetingelser med 650 Mercury påhengsmotorer Forsøksbetingelser og varighet: 100 timers avvekslende perioder med 5 min. tomgang og 55 min. full gass
ved 5000 omdreininger pr. minutt. Forsøksbrensel: "Shell" bensin blytilsatt til 3 ml/4 liter motorblanding TEL og inneholdende 0,2 teor.
fosfor som difenylkresylfosfat.
Brensel/ olje forhold: 20/1.
Grunnolje: Blanding C.
Forsøksbetingelser med Johnson 40 hk påhengsmotorer Forsøksbetingelser og varighet: 98 timers avvekslende perioder med 5 min. tomgang og 55 min. full gass, 4800 omdreininger pr. minutt, men 1 times
stopp etter hver 7 timers arbeidsperiode. Forsøksbrensel: "Shell" bensin blytilsatt til 3 ml/4 liter motorblanding TEL og inneholdende 0,2 teor. fosfor som difenylkresylfosfat.
Brensel/ plje forhold: 50/1
. Grunnolje: Blanding C
Komposisjonene V, VI og VII undersøkt i de ovenfor nevnte tre motorer under de beskrevne betingelser gav utmerkede resultater uten vedhefting til stempelfjærene (28-29 grade når 30 er perfekt); uten lakkavsetninger på stempelskjørter (7-10 når 10 er perfekt); uten blokkering av ekshaustkanaler (9,4-10 når 10 er perfekt); uten avsetninger i forbrenningskammeret (7,5-9,2 når 10 er perfekt) og stempelskader (8,5-9,5 når 10 er perfekt). Komposisjoner X og Y som inneholdt 5% av diamidtilsetninger H og I gav, når de ble undersøkt i Homelite motorer under lignende forsøks-betingelser som beskrevet ovenfor, en minsking av motorrenheten fra 3% til 15% sammenlignet med de resultater som ble oppnådd med komposisjoner V, VI og VII.
Reaksjonsprodukter av eks. V, VI og VII og diamidtilsetninger H og I ble utsatt for differensiell varmeanalyse, og det ble funnet at reaksjonsprodukter av eks. V, VI og VII begynte å varmespaltes i nærvær av luft ca. 60°C høyere enn diamidtilsetninger H og I, hvilket viste at spaltningshastigheter av diamidtilsetninger H og I er meget større enn de av reaksjonsprodukter av eks. V, VI og VII. Dette viser at reaksjonsprodukter ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse er mere stabile enn diamidtilsetninger H og I.

Claims (9)

1.F remgangsmåte for fremstilling av et olje-oppløselig reaksjonsprodukt egnet til bruk som et tilsetningsmiddel til smøreoljer, karakterisert ved at (a) 1 mol av et polyamid av en isofettsyre, eller en blanding av isofettsyre og en rettkjedet fettsyre og et polyalkylenpolyamin, og polyamidet inneholder minst ett fritt basisk amino-nitrogenatom, bringes til å reagere i temperaturområdet 25-250°C med (b) 1-20 mol, fortrinnsvis 1-4 mol, av et aldehyd og 1-20 mol, fortrinnsvis 1-4 mol av en C^ _20 alkylfenol.
2. Fremgangsmåte som angitt i krav 1, karakterisert ved at reaksjonsproduktet (a) fremstilles ved å omsette 1 mol av polyalkylenpolyaminet med 1 til 4 mol av isofettsyren.
3. Fremgangsmåte som angitt i krav 1-2, karakterisert ved at det anvendes som polyamid et diamid av isofettsyre og polyalkylenpolyamid.
4. Fremgangsmåte som angitt i et av kravene 1-3, ka- f rakterisert ved at polyamidet er avledet fra en Cg 22~ isofettsyre.
5.F remgangsmåte som angitt i krav 3, karakterisert ved at polyamidet er avledet fra isostearinsyre.
6. Fremgangsmåte som angitt i et av kravene 1-5, karakterisert ved at polyamidet er avledet fra poly-etylenpolyamin„
7. Fremgangsmåte som angitt i krav 6, karakterisert ved at polyamidet er avledet fra tetraetylenpolyamin„
8. Fremgangsmåte som angitt i krav 1-7, karakterisert ved at det som aldehyd anvendes formaldehyd.
9. Fremgangsmåte som angitt i et av kravene 1-8, karakterisert ved at det som alkylfenol anvendes en dodecyl-fenolo
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