NO120433B - - Google Patents
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- Publication number
- NO120433B NO120433B NO2535/69A NO253569A NO120433B NO 120433 B NO120433 B NO 120433B NO 2535/69 A NO2535/69 A NO 2535/69A NO 253569 A NO253569 A NO 253569A NO 120433 B NO120433 B NO 120433B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- lamp
- filament
- tribromosilane
- tungsten
- hydrogen
- Prior art date
Links
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- IBOKZQNMFSHYNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tribromosilane Chemical compound Br[SiH](Br)Br IBOKZQNMFSHYNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- AIFMYMZGQVTROK-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon tetrabromide Chemical compound Br[Si](Br)(Br)Br AIFMYMZGQVTROK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonaoxidotritungsten Chemical compound O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1 QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910001930 tungsten oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical group [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000009730 filament winding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YXPHMGGSLJFAPL-UHFFFAOYSA-J tetrabromotungsten Chemical compound Br[W](Br)(Br)Br YXPHMGGSLJFAPL-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 bromine hydrocarbon Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VQPFDLRNOCQMSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromosilane Chemical class Br[SiH3] VQPFDLRNOCQMSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002090 carbon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003776 cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- FJBFPHVGVWTDIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibromomethane Chemical compound BrCBr FJBFPHVGVWTDIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021332 silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003657 tungsten Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01K—ELECTRIC INCANDESCENT LAMPS
- H01K1/00—Details
- H01K1/52—Means for obtaining or maintaining the desired pressure within the vessel
- H01K1/54—Means for absorbing or absorbing gas, or for preventing or removing efflorescence, e.g. by gettering
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01K—ELECTRIC INCANDESCENT LAMPS
- H01K1/00—Details
- H01K1/52—Means for obtaining or maintaining the desired pressure within the vessel
- H01K1/54—Means for absorbing or absorbing gas, or for preventing or removing efflorescence, e.g. by gettering
- H01K1/56—Means for absorbing or absorbing gas, or for preventing or removing efflorescence, e.g. by gettering characterised by the material of the getter
Landscapes
- Discharge Lamp (AREA)
- Vessels And Coating Films For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
- Resistance Heating (AREA)
- Discharge Lamps And Accessories Thereof (AREA)
Description
ved lampens laveste driftstemperatur. Den flyktige wolfram-bromfor-bindelse spaltes i nærheten av glodelegemet. På denne måte får man en syklus. Hvis det i lampen er tilstede tilstrekkelig hydrogen vil wolfram- eller molybdendeler (stromtilforselsstråler, avstotninger) ikke eller bare langsomt angripes av brom ved forholdsvis lave temperaturer. Gassblandingen i lampen må være fri eller til-nærmet fri for oksygen. Hvis nemlig oksygen er tilstede i lampen opptrer den såkalte vannsyklus som har til folge en oket molybden-transport til kolbeveggen i form av flyktig wolframoksyd. På veggen kan det likeledes finne sted en dobbelt omvandling idet det der dannes flyktige wolframbromid og vann. Wolframoksydtransporten til kolbeveggen kan imidlertid under gunstige betingelser være så stor at den på veggen til rådighet stående bromhydrogenmengde er utilstrekkelig til å omdanne wolframoksyd fullstendig til flyktig wolframbromid. at the lamp's lowest operating temperature. The volatile tungsten-bromine bond is cleaved near the glow plug. In this way you get a cycle. If sufficient hydrogen is present in the lamp, tungsten or molybdenum parts (current supply jets, rejections) will not or only slowly be attacked by bromine at relatively low temperatures. The gas mixture in the lamp must be free or nearly free of oxygen. If oxygen is present in the lamp, the so-called water cycle occurs, which results in increased molybdenum transport to the flask wall in the form of volatile tungsten oxide. A double transformation can likewise take place on the wall, as volatile tungsten bromide and water are formed there. However, under favorable conditions, the transport of tungsten oxide to the flask wall can be so great that the amount of hydrogen bromine available on the wall is insufficient to convert tungsten oxide completely into volatile tungsten bromide.
I det minste ved begynnelsen av lampens levetid kan tilstedeværelsen av oksygen nøytraliseres ved at brom og hydrogen i en lampe fullstendig eller delvis doseres i form av bromhydrokar-bon. Ved innkopling av lampen spaltes forbindelsen i karbon og bromhydrogen som igjen spaltes i nærheten av glodetråden til brom og hydrogen. Det utskilte karbon reagerer med wolframglodelegemet under dannelse avwolframkarbid og med oksygen under dannelse av karbonoksyd. Det viser seg imidlertid at ofte opptrer allikevel i en slik lampe en vannsyklus. At least at the beginning of the lamp's lifetime, the presence of oxygen can be neutralized by completely or partially dosing bromine and hydrogen in a lamp in the form of bromine hydrocarbon. When the lamp is switched on, the compound splits into carbon and hydrogen bromine, which again splits near the filament into bromine and hydrogen. The separated carbon reacts with the tungsten ingot body to form tungsten carbide and with oxygen to form carbon oxide. However, it turns out that a water cycle often occurs in such a lamp anyway.
Man har nå funnet at ved hjelp av oppfinnelsen bor It has now been found that with the help of the invention, living
i lamper hvis.glodelegeme har en levetid på inntil ' 250 timer og hvis lysutbytte er minst 20 lumen pr. watt, den reaktive bæregass bestå av tribromsilan (SiHBr^)• in lamps whose bulb body has a lifetime of up to 250 hours and whose light output is at least 20 lumens per watts, the reactive carrier gas consists of tribromosilane (SiHBr^)•
Ved anvendelse av denne reaktive bæregass blir såvel dannelsen av siliciumavleiring på kolbeveggen som den ugunstige innvirkning på glodetråden ved dannelse av silicider unngått. By using this reactive carrier gas, both the formation of silicon deposits on the flask wall and the unfavorable impact on the filament due to the formation of silicides are avoided.
Til grunn for oppfinnelsen ligger den erkjennelse The basis of the invention is that realization
at ved spalting av hydrogenholdige bromsilaner dannes tetrabromsilan (SiBr^). Det viser seg at forst ved anvendelse av tribromsilan .dannes ved spaltningen en tilstrekkelig mengde hydrogen og brom til å opprettholde syklusen. that when hydrogen-containing bromosilanes are split, tetrabromosilane (SiBr^) is formed. It turns out that only when tribromosilane is used does the cleavage produce a sufficient amount of hydrogen and bromine to maintain the cycle.
Tetrabromsilan er flyktig i lampen og kan virke som getter for skadelig hydrogen og oksygen i syklusen. Ved reaksjon med tetrabromsilan dannes brom eller bromhydrogen. Tetrabromosilane is volatile in the lamp and can act as a getter for harmful hydrogen and oxygen in the cycle. When reacting with tetrabromosilane, bromine or bromine hydrogen is formed.
SiC^-avleiringer kan ikke fastslåes optisk. Fortrinnsvis anvendes en så stor mengde av tribromsilan at dets partialtrykk ligger mellom 1,5 og 6 Torr. SiC^ deposits cannot be determined optically. Preferably, such a large amount of tribromosilane is used that its partial pressure is between 1.5 and 6 Torr.
Under disse betingelser viser det seg mulig å for-lenge lampens levetid. Dette kan sannsynligvis tilskrives tilstedeværelsen av tetrabromsilan. En likeverdig CBr^-forbindelse dannes ikke under lampens drift hvis denne inneholdér CHgBrg. Under these conditions, it turns out to be possible to extend the life of the lamp. This can probably be attributed to the presence of tetrabromosilane. An equivalent CBr^ compound is not formed during lamp operation if it contains CHgBrg.
Under henvisning til tegningen skal nedenfor for-klares nærmere to utforelsesformer av lamper med forholdsvis kort levetid, men med stor lysstyrke og stor lysstrom. Ved slike lamper er den fysiske levetid av glodelegemet som er en funksjon av temperaturen og den resulterende vandring av wolfram fra den varmeste til den kaldeste del av glodelegemet, og den kjemiske levetid av stromtilforselstrådene og avstotningene som er avhengig av angrep av brom, dimensjonert slik at levetiden for lampen er lik levetiden for glodetråden. Dette kan oppnåes ved passende valg av geometrien av de nevnte metalldeler. With reference to the drawing, two embodiments of lamps with a relatively short lifetime, but with high brightness and high luminous flux, will be explained below. In such lamps, the physical life of the filament body, which is a function of temperature and the resulting migration of tungsten from the hottest to the coldest part of the filament body, and the chemical life of the current supply wires and rejections, which depend on attack by bromine, are dimensioned so that the lifetime of the lamp is equal to the lifetime of the filament. This can be achieved by suitable selection of the geometry of the mentioned metal parts.
Fig. 1 viser et lengdesnitt gjennom en fotolampe Fig. 1 shows a longitudinal section through a photo lamp
ifolge oppfinnelsen. according to the invention.
Fig. 2 viser et lengdesnitt gjennom en projeksjons-lampe ifolge oppfinnelsen. Fig. 2 shows a longitudinal section through a projection lamp according to the invention.
Eksempel 1. Example 1.
Fotolampen på fig. 1 består av en kvartskolbe 1 i hvilken det befinner seg et glodelegeme 2 i form av en wolframvik-ling. Glodetråden er avstottet ved hjelp av avstotninger 3- Ved belastning på 1000 watt ved 225 volt gir lampen en lysstrom på 32000 lumen og et lysutbytte på 32 lumen pr. watt. Farvetempera-turen var 3400°K. The photo lamp in fig. 1 consists of a quartz flask 1 in which there is a globe body 2 in the form of a tungsten winding. The filament is buffered using buffers 3- At a load of 1,000 watts at 225 volts, the lamp produces a luminous flux of 32,000 lumens and a light yield of 32 lumens per watts. The color temperature was 3400°K.
Ved en gassfylling som består av en blanding av In the case of a gas filling consisting of a mixture of
8 volumprosent nitrogen og 1,1 % CH2Br2 med et trykk på 700 Torr. var levetiden minst 15 timer. 8 volume percent nitrogen and 1.1% CH2Br2 with a pressure of 700 Torr. lifetime was at least 15 hours.
Ved en gassfylling med en blanding av argon og tribromsilan (deltrykk 3>4 Torr) ved et trykk på inntil 700 Torr, er levetiden minst 20 timer. With a gas filling with a mixture of argon and tribromosilane (partial pressure 3>4 Torr) at a pressure of up to 700 Torr, the lifetime is at least 20 hours.
Eksempel 2. Example 2.
Projeksjonslampen på fig. 2 har en kvartskolbe 4 i hvilken det befinner seg en glodevikling 5 av wolfram. The projection lamp in fig. 2 has a quartz flask 4 in which there is a tungsten filament winding 5.
Ved belastning på 155 watt ved 24 volt var lys-strommen 5000 lumen og lysutbyttet 32 lumen pr. watt. Farvetem- At a load of 155 watts at 24 volts, the light current was 5,000 lumens and the light yield 32 lumens per watts. color theme-
peraturen var 3400°K'temperature was 3400°K'
Ved en gassfylling med en blanding av argon og CH^Brg med partialtrykk mellom 10 og 12 Torr, ved et trykk på inntil 2,3 atmosfærer var levetiden minst ^ 0 timer. With a gas filling with a mixture of argon and CH^Brg with a partial pressure between 10 and 12 Torr, at a pressure of up to 2.3 atmospheres, the lifetime was at least ^ 0 hours.
Ved en gassfylling bestående av en blanding av argon, nitrogen og tribromsilan (4 volumprosent nitrogen og tribromsilan under et partialtrykk på inntil 5>3 Torr) og et trykk på inntil 5 atmosfærer var levetiden minst 100 timer. With a gas filling consisting of a mixture of argon, nitrogen and tribromosilane (4 volume percent nitrogen and tribromosilane under a partial pressure of up to 5>3 Torr) and a pressure of up to 5 atmospheres, the lifetime was at least 100 hours.
Såvel lampen på fig. 1 som lampen 2 var klar inntil slutten av lampens levetid. Denne levetid endte i ethvert til-felle med avbrenning av glodeviklingen på det varmeste sted. En svertning av lampekolben ved avleiring av silicium kunne ikke fastslåes verken i lampen ifolge fig. 1 eller i lampen ifolge fig. 2. Both the lamp in fig. 1 as the lamp 2 was ready until the end of the lamp's life. This lifetime ended in any case with the burning of the filament winding in the hottest place. A blackening of the lamp bulb due to deposition of silicon could not be determined either in the lamp according to fig. 1 or in the lamp according to fig. 2.
Claims (1)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NL6808844A NL6808844A (en) | 1968-06-22 | 1968-06-22 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NO120433B true NO120433B (en) | 1970-10-19 |
Family
ID=19803967
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NO2535/69A NO120433B (en) | 1968-06-22 | 1969-06-19 |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3585435A (en) |
AT (1) | AT285733B (en) |
BE (1) | BE734958A (en) |
BR (1) | BR6909963D0 (en) |
CH (1) | CH496319A (en) |
ES (1) | ES368599A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2011478A1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1222326A (en) |
NL (1) | NL6808844A (en) |
NO (1) | NO120433B (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA693595B (en) |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4027189A (en) * | 1973-11-01 | 1977-05-31 | Thorn Electrical Industries Limited | Tungsten halogen lamp |
NL185740C (en) * | 1978-09-13 | 1991-04-16 | Philips Nv | ELECTRIC LIGHT BULB. |
US4810221A (en) * | 1988-02-09 | 1989-03-07 | Gte Products Corporation | Method for gettering incandescent lamps |
US4898558A (en) * | 1988-02-09 | 1990-02-06 | Gte Products Corporation | Getter for incandescent lamps |
CA1325036C (en) * | 1988-02-09 | 1993-12-07 | Gte Products Corporation | Getter for incandescent lamps |
US4927398A (en) * | 1988-02-09 | 1990-05-22 | Gte Products Corporation | Incandescent lamps including a combined getter |
US4923424A (en) * | 1988-02-09 | 1990-05-08 | Gte Products Corporation | Incandescent lamps including a combined getter |
EP0374345B1 (en) * | 1988-12-21 | 1995-05-03 | Gte Products Corporation | Incandescent lamps including a combined getter |
DE102018101974A1 (en) | 2018-01-30 | 2019-08-01 | Infrasolid Gmbh | Infrared radiation source |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
NL6407446A (en) * | 1964-07-01 | 1966-01-03 |
-
1968
- 1968-06-22 NL NL6808844A patent/NL6808844A/xx unknown
-
1969
- 1969-05-20 ZA ZA693595A patent/ZA693595B/en unknown
- 1969-06-17 US US834099A patent/US3585435A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1969-06-19 BR BR209963/69A patent/BR6909963D0/en unknown
- 1969-06-19 NO NO2535/69A patent/NO120433B/no unknown
- 1969-06-19 GB GB31021/69A patent/GB1222326A/en not_active Expired
- 1969-06-19 AT AT581169A patent/AT285733B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1969-06-19 CH CH940869A patent/CH496319A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1969-06-20 BE BE734958D patent/BE734958A/xx unknown
- 1969-06-20 ES ES368599A patent/ES368599A1/en not_active Expired
- 1969-06-20 FR FR6920812A patent/FR2011478A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BR6909963D0 (en) | 1973-01-02 |
ES368599A1 (en) | 1971-05-01 |
NL6808844A (en) | 1969-12-24 |
BE734958A (en) | 1969-12-22 |
DE1927967A1 (en) | 1970-01-02 |
DE1927967B2 (en) | 1976-11-04 |
US3585435A (en) | 1971-06-15 |
CH496319A (en) | 1970-09-15 |
AT285733B (en) | 1970-11-10 |
FR2011478A1 (en) | 1970-02-27 |
GB1222326A (en) | 1971-02-10 |
ZA693595B (en) | 1971-01-27 |
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