NO117205B - - Google Patents
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- Publication number
- NO117205B NO117205B NO167919A NO16791967A NO117205B NO 117205 B NO117205 B NO 117205B NO 167919 A NO167919 A NO 167919A NO 16791967 A NO16791967 A NO 16791967A NO 117205 B NO117205 B NO 117205B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- water
- ice
- antibiotic
- mixture
- soluble
- Prior art date
Links
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 45
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004099 Chlortetracycline Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- CYDMQBQPVICBEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorotetracycline Natural products C1=CC(Cl)=C2C(O)(C)C3CC4C(N(C)C)C(O)=C(C(N)=O)C(=O)C4(O)C(O)=C3C(=O)C2=C1O CYDMQBQPVICBEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229960004475 chlortetracycline Drugs 0.000 claims description 9
- CYDMQBQPVICBEU-XRNKAMNCSA-N chlortetracycline Chemical compound C1=CC(Cl)=C2[C@](O)(C)[C@H]3C[C@H]4[C@H](N(C)C)C(O)=C(C(N)=O)C(=O)[C@@]4(O)C(O)=C3C(=O)C2=C1O CYDMQBQPVICBEU-XRNKAMNCSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000019365 chlortetracycline Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004098 Tetracycline Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000019364 tetracycline Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000003522 tetracyclines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 229960002180 tetracycline Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 229930101283 tetracycline Natural products 0.000 claims description 6
- UBLAMKHIFZBBSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-Methylbutyl pentanoate Chemical compound CCCCC(=O)OCCC(C)C UBLAMKHIFZBBSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000206575 Chondrus crispus Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004100 Oxytetracycline Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229960000625 oxytetracycline Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- IWVCMVBTMGNXQD-PXOLEDIWSA-N oxytetracycline Chemical compound C1=CC=C2[C@](O)(C)[C@H]3[C@H](O)[C@H]4[C@H](N(C)C)C(O)=C(C(N)=O)C(=O)[C@@]4(O)C(O)=C3C(=O)C2=C1O IWVCMVBTMGNXQD-PXOLEDIWSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019366 oxytetracycline Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- IWVCMVBTMGNXQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N terramycin dehydrate Natural products C1=CC=C2C(O)(C)C3C(O)C4C(N(C)C)C(O)=C(C(N)=O)C(=O)C4(O)C(O)=C3C(=O)C2=C1O IWVCMVBTMGNXQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- LJVDOBHBFMLPMI-XRNKAMNCSA-N (4s,4as,5as,6s,12ar)-7-bromo-4-(dimethylamino)-1,6,10,11,12a-pentahydroxy-6-methyl-3,12-dioxo-4,4a,5,5a-tetrahydrotetracene-2-carboxamide Chemical compound C1=CC(Br)=C2[C@](O)(C)[C@H]3C[C@H]4[C@H](N(C)C)C(=O)C(C(N)=O)=C(O)[C@@]4(O)C(=O)C3=C(O)C2=C1O LJVDOBHBFMLPMI-XRNKAMNCSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 11
- 229940088710 antibiotic agent Drugs 0.000 description 10
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 241000238557 Decapoda Species 0.000 description 6
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- -1 alkali metal salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 3
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 3
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3-diazinane-5-carboximidamide Chemical compound CN1CC(C(N)=N)C(=O)NC1=O IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OGQYJDHTHFAPRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-fluoro-6-(trifluoromethyl)benzonitrile Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC(C(F)(F)F)=C1C#N OGQYJDHTHFAPRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010443 alginic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000783 alginic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000615 alginic acid Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229960001126 alginic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 150000004781 alginic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- YKYOUMDCQGMQQO-UHFFFAOYSA-L cadmium dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Cd]Cl YKYOUMDCQGMQQO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000001639 calcium acetate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011092 calcium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229960005147 calcium acetate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- XMEVHPAGJVLHIG-FMZCEJRJSA-N chembl454950 Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=CC=C2[C@](O)(C)[C@H]3C[C@H]4[C@H]([NH+](C)C)C(O)=C(C(N)=O)C(=O)[C@@]4(O)C(O)=C3C(=O)C2=C1O XMEVHPAGJVLHIG-FMZCEJRJSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229960003185 chlortetracycline hydrochloride Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010981 methylcellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- GRVDJDISBSALJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyloxidanyl Chemical group [O]C GRVDJDISBSALJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000019629 palatability Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000001814 pectin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010987 pectin Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920001277 pectin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000010413 sodium alginate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000661 sodium alginate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940005550 sodium alginate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229960004989 tetracycline hydrochloride Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229940040944 tetracyclines Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- QYAPHLRPFNSDNH-MRFRVZCGSA-N (4s,4as,5as,6s,12ar)-7-chloro-4-(dimethylamino)-1,6,10,11,12a-pentahydroxy-6-methyl-3,12-dioxo-4,4a,5,5a-tetrahydrotetracene-2-carboxamide;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.C1=CC(Cl)=C2[C@](O)(C)[C@H]3C[C@H]4[C@H](N(C)C)C(=O)C(C(N)=O)=C(O)[C@@]4(O)C(=O)C3=C(O)C2=C1O QYAPHLRPFNSDNH-MRFRVZCGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxypentanal Chemical compound OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C=O PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCVGEOXPDFCNHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5,5-dimethyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3-oxazolidine-3-carboxamide Chemical compound CC1(C)OC(=O)N(C(N)=O)C1=O QCVGEOXPDFCNHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000512259 Ascophyllum nodosum Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001474374 Blennius Species 0.000 description 1
- 108010000912 Egg Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000002322 Egg Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical class NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical class Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen bromide Chemical class Br CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004354 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000663 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920002230 Pectic acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZGSDJMADBJCNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N [S-][NH3+] Chemical compound [S-][NH3+] ZGSDJMADBJCNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001242 acetic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001447 alkali salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000010407 ammonium alginate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000728 ammonium alginate Substances 0.000 description 1
- KPGABFJTMYCRHJ-YZOKENDUSA-N ammonium alginate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].O1[C@@H](C([O-])=O)[C@@H](OC)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](C([O-])=O)O[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O KPGABFJTMYCRHJ-YZOKENDUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002421 anti-septic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940064004 antiseptic throat preparations Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002358 autolytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003385 bacteriostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001558 benzoic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VSGNNIFQASZAOI-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium acetate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O VSGNNIFQASZAOI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000010410 calcium alginate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000648 calcium alginate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002681 calcium alginate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DIOLOCSXUMYFJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;azane Chemical compound N.[Ca+2] DIOLOCSXUMYFJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002057 carboxymethyl group Chemical group [H]OC(=O)C([H])([H])[*] 0.000 description 1
- 229920003090 carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013330 chicken meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- RCTYPNKXASFOBE-UHFFFAOYSA-M chloromercury Chemical compound [Hg]Cl RCTYPNKXASFOBE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Co+2] GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002845 discoloration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014103 egg white Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000000969 egg white Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019688 fish Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002864 food coloring agent Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009920 food preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007429 general method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003840 hydrochlorides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019447 hydroxyethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel sulfate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000363 nickel(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LCLHHZYHLXDRQG-ZNKJPWOQSA-N pectic acid Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)O[C@H](C(O)=O)[C@@H]1OC1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](OC2[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O2)C(O)=O)O)[C@@H](C(O)=O)O1 LCLHHZYHLXDRQG-ZNKJPWOQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010318 polygalacturonic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000013594 poultry meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002335 preservative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002798 spectrophotometry method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001631 strontium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AHBGXTDRMVNFER-UHFFFAOYSA-L strontium dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Sr+2] AHBGXTDRMVNFER-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004685 tetrahydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G15/00—Forms or shutterings for making openings, cavities, slits, or channels
- E04G15/06—Forms or shutterings for making openings, cavities, slits, or channels for cavities or channels in walls of floors, e.g. for making chimneys
- E04G15/063—Re-usable forms
- E04G15/065—Re-usable forms with mechanical means to modify the section
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G15/00—Forms or shutterings for making openings, cavities, slits, or channels
- E04G15/02—Forms or shutterings for making openings, cavities, slits, or channels for windows, doors, or the like
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G15/00—Forms or shutterings for making openings, cavities, slits, or channels
- E04G15/06—Forms or shutterings for making openings, cavities, slits, or channels for cavities or channels in walls of floors, e.g. for making chimneys
- E04G15/063—Re-usable forms
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Forms Removed On Construction Sites Or Auxiliary Members Thereof (AREA)
- Moulds, Cores, Or Mandrels (AREA)
- Food Preservation Except Freezing, Refrigeration, And Drying (AREA)
Description
Tørr blanding skikket til ved oppløsning i vann og frysing å danne konserveringsis. Dry mixture suitable for dissolving in water and freezing to form preservation ice.
Foreliggende oppfinnelse vedrører en The present invention relates to a
tørr blanding som er skikket til ved opp-løsning i vann og frysing av dette å danne dry mixture which is suitable for forming by dissolving in water and freezing this
konserveringsis som er tjenlig til å forlenge holdbarheten av næringsmidler og særlig for å hindre ødeleggelse som følge av preservation ice which is useful for extending the shelf life of foodstuffs and in particular for preventing destruction as a result
bateriers innvirking. Den tørre blanding battery impact. The dry mixture
inneholder et antibiotikum fra gruppen bestående av tetracyklin, klortetracyklin, contains an antibiotic from the group consisting of tetracycline, chlortetracycline,
bromtetracyklin, oksytetracyklin og blandinger herav. Den ved hjelp av oppfinnelsen fremstilte is er særlig skikket til å ut-vide holdbarheten av fisk, kjøtt, grønnsaker bromotetracycline, oxytetracycline and mixtures thereof. The ice produced by means of the invention is particularly suitable for extending the shelf life of fish, meat and vegetables
o. 1. o. 1.
Hittil er det blitt anvendt forskjellige So far it has been used differently
antiseptiske midler for å konservere næringsmidler og for å forlenge deres holdbarhet under lagring. F. eks. er klorforbindel-ser blitt anvendt, enten alene eller sam-men med andre kjemiske substanser for å antiseptics to preserve foodstuffs and to extend their shelf life during storage. For example chlorine compounds have been used, either alone or together with other chemical substances to
konservere næringsmidler, og for å hindre preserve foodstuffs, and to prevent
bakteriell eller autolytisk virkning. Disse bacterial or autolytic effect. These
midler har ikke funnet noen vesentlig anvendelse i praksis, da de bevirker en sam-mentrekking av næringsmidlet, og velsma-ken reduseres, eller undertiden ødelegges agents have not found any significant use in practice, as they cause a contraction of the foodstuff, and the palatability is reduced, or sometimes destroyed
den fullstendig, og i enkelte tilfeller opptrer it completely, and in some cases acts
der en misfarving og bleking. where a discoloration and bleaching.
Andre fremgangsmåter for nærings-middelkonservering som man tidligere har Other methods for food preservation that have been used in the past
anvendt, har gått ut på anvendelse av ben-zoater, men anvendelsen av disse har ført applied, has resulted in the use of benzoates, but the use of these has led
til mindre tilfredsstillende resultater, da to less satisfactory results, then
materialet lett endres med hensyn til velsmak, og der finner sted kjemiske reak-sjoner eller andre endringer, som reduserer the material is easily changed with regard to palatability, and chemical reactions or other changes take place there, which reduce
næringsmidlets velsmak og delikate utseende. the good taste and delicate appearance of the food.
Det er også kjent fra før å fremstille konserveringsis ved tilsetning av formalde-hyd til det vann som skal fryses, hvorved vannet dessuten tilsettes kolloider i opp-løst tilstand, som f. eks. finfordelt aktivt kull med henblikk på å få konserverings-midlet jevnt fordelt i blokken. It is also known from before to produce preservation ice by adding formaldehyde to the water to be frozen, whereby colloids are also added to the water in a dissolved state, such as e.g. finely divided activated carbon with a view to getting the preservative evenly distributed in the block.
Antibiotika, særlig tetracykliner, som er i besittelse av vidt omfattende antibakteriell effekt, som betegnes som et omfattende antibakterielt spektrum, er blitt anvendt for konservering av næringsmidler, særlig fisk og kjøtt, og har medført gode resultater. F. eks. er is som inneholder klortetracyklin blitt anvendt for å forsinke be-dervelsen av kjøtt, som skyldes bakteriell aktivitet, og det er blitt fastslått at holdbarheten av slike næringsmidler kan forlenges ganske betydelig ved hjelp av denne fremgangsmåte. Antibiotics, especially tetracyclines, which possess a wide-ranging antibacterial effect, which is referred to as a broad antibacterial spectrum, have been used for the preservation of foodstuffs, especially fish and meat, and have produced good results. For example ice containing chlortetracycline has been used to delay the spoilage of meat, which is due to bacterial activity, and it has been established that the shelf life of such foodstuffs can be extended quite significantly by means of this method.
Det har imidlertid vist seg at slike fremgangsmåter ikke er helt tilfredsstillende, og i enkelte tilfeller ble den bakterielle bedervelse ikke forsinket eller forhalet i en tilstrekkelig grad, og holdbarheten ble bare However, it has been shown that such methods are not completely satisfactory, and in some cases the bacterial spoilage was not delayed or retarded to a sufficient extent, and the shelf life was only
øket ubetydelig sammenlignet med fremgangsmåter hvor der anvendes vanlig is. increased insignificantly compared to methods where normal ice is used.
Formålet ved foreliggende oppfinnelse er derfor å tilveiebringe fremgangsmåter for i en tilstrekelig grad å forhale den bakterielle bedervelse av næringsmidler, og i betydelig utstrekning å øke deres holdbar-I het ved i alt vesentlig alle anvendelsesom-I råder for næringsmidlene. The purpose of the present invention is therefore to provide methods for delaying the bacterial spoilage of foodstuffs to a sufficient extent, and to a considerable extent to increase their durability in essentially all areas of application for the foodstuffs.
Det har også vist seg at de tilfeller hvor en bakteriell bedervelse ikke ble forhalt og holdbarheten ikke øket i noen vesentlig grad var betydelig mer hyppig når der anvendtes is i form av store stykker. It has also been shown that the cases where bacterial spoilage was not delayed and shelf life was not increased to any significant extent were significantly more frequent when ice was used in the form of large pieces.
Det er derfor et formål for foreliggende oppfinnelse å tilveiebringe en fremgangsmåte for å forsinke den bakterielle bedervelse av næringsmidler og øke deres holdbarhet uten hensyn til formen og størrelsen av den is som anvendes. Det har vist seg at ved tilsetning av antibiotika til den vandige oppløsning som skal fryses, har antibiotikumet en utpreget tendens til å van-dre bort fra overflaten av isen under frysingen, slik at konsentrasjonen av antibiotika i midtpartiet av isen blir meget høy, mens de ytre deler av isen bare inneholder relativt små mengder antibiotika. Denne tendens vil følgelig bevirke at antibiotikumet ikke får den ønskete størst mulige di-rekte kontakt med næringsmidlene, og de gunstige bakteriostatiske egenskaper ned-settes eller går tapt i en vesentlig utstrekning. It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a method for delaying the bacterial spoilage of foodstuffs and increasing their shelf life regardless of the shape and size of the ice used. It has been shown that when antibiotics are added to the aqueous solution to be frozen, the antibiotic has a distinct tendency to migrate away from the surface of the ice during freezing, so that the concentration of antibiotics in the middle part of the ice becomes very high, while the outer parts of the ice only contain relatively small amounts of antibiotics. This tendency will consequently result in the antibiotic not having the desired greatest possible direct contact with the nutrients, and the favorable bacteriostatic properties are reduced or lost to a significant extent.
Det har nå vist seg at en slik ikke ønsket vandring av det antibiotiske stoff bort fra de ytre deler av isen kan hindres ved å anvende vandige oppløsninger som har en pH fra ca. 6 til ca. 10, og som inneholder (1) kationer av et flerverdig metall fra gruppen II eller et metall fra gruppene VII og VIII med en atomvekt mellom 54 og 59 og (2) polymere vannoppløselige gel-dannende forbindelser som er i stand til å danne et dobbeltsalt eller en tertiær kompleksforbindelse med den antibiotiske substans. Det har videre vist seg at en slik vandring hem-mes eller hindres uten hensyn til de fremgangsmåter som anvendes ved frysingen eller hastigheten som frysingen utføres med. It has now been shown that such unwanted migration of the antibiotic substance away from the outer parts of the ice can be prevented by using aqueous solutions that have a pH from approx. 6 to approx. 10, and containing (1) cations of a polyvalent metal of Group II or a metal of Groups VII and VIII having an atomic weight between 54 and 59 and (2) polymeric water-soluble gel-forming compounds capable of forming a double salt or a tertiary complex compound with the antibiotic substance. It has also been shown that such migration is inhibited or prevented regardless of the methods used for the freezing or the speed with which the freezing is carried out.
Med hensyn til pH-området, som skal være fra 6—10, skal bemerkes at dette område representerer praktiske grenser, som primært bestemmes på grunnlag av stabili-teten av forbindelsen (særlig antibiotikumet) under slike forhold. Der kan anvendes en pH over eller under det angitte område, men det er ikke å anbefale å anvende slike pH-verdier, da der kan iakttas en omsnu-ing av den anti-vandrende effekt ved slike ekstreme pH-verdier. With regard to the pH range, which should be from 6-10, it should be noted that this range represents practical limits, which are primarily determined on the basis of the stability of the compound (especially the antibiotic) under such conditions. A pH above or below the specified range can be used, but it is not recommended to use such pH values, as a reversal of the anti-migration effect can be observed at such extreme pH values.
De antibiotika som særlig har vist seg skikket for anvendelse ved foreliggende oppfinnelse er tetracykliner, omfattende klortetracyklin, tetracyklin, oksytetracyklin, og bromtetracyklin, som alle er i besittelse av omfattende antibakteriell effekt, og er effektive like overfor både gram-positive og gram-negative bakterier. Blandinger av disse antibiotika kommer også innenfor oppfinnelsens ramme. The antibiotics that have proved particularly suitable for use in the present invention are tetracyclines, including chlortetracycline, tetracycline, oxytetracycline, and bromotetracycline, all of which possess extensive antibacterial effects, and are equally effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria . Mixtures of these antibiotics also come within the scope of the invention.
Disse antibiotika er ikke giftige, særlig ved slike lave konsentrasjoner, og de påvir-ker ikke på en uheldig måte næringsmid-lenes farve, smak eller aroma. De er relativt stabile under normale bruksforhold som her angitt, men de har en tendens til å for-svinne fra de behandlete næringsmidler ved henstand, slik at på det tidspunkt da næringsmidlene skal forbrukes, finnes der ikke nevneverdige mengder av stoffene tilbake. I praksis er de konsentrasjoner som anvendes, så små at gjenværende mengder, hvis det overhodet finnes noe av forbin-delsene i næringsmidlene, ikke medfører noe vanskelig problem. Dette er naturligvis ennu mere tilfelle når næringsmidlet skal opphetes og kokes under fremstillingen for forbruk. These antibiotics are not toxic, especially at such low concentrations, and they do not adversely affect the food's colour, taste or aroma. They are relatively stable under normal conditions of use as stated here, but they have a tendency to disappear from the processed foodstuffs when they are allowed to stand, so that at the time when the foodstuffs are to be consumed, there are no significant quantities of the substances left. In practice, the concentrations used are so small that remaining amounts, if any of the compounds are present in the foodstuffs at all, do not cause any difficult problems. This is of course even more the case when the food is to be heated and cooked during preparation for consumption.
Det er naturligvis kjent at disse antibiotika kan anvendes enten per se, eller i form av deres salter, enten de sure salter, f. eks. hydroklorider, hydrobromider eller nitrater, eller de basiske salter, som alkali-metallsalter, f. eks. kalium og natrium, eller salter av etylendiamin, kalsium osv. Anvendelsen av antibiotika per se eller i form av et av deres salter beror naturligvis på de forskjellige forhold og krav i det foreliggende tilfelle. It is of course known that these antibiotics can be used either per se, or in the form of their salts, whether the acid salts, e.g. hydrochlorides, hydrobromides or nitrates, or the basic salts, such as alkali metal salts, e.g. potassium and sodium, or salts of ethylenediamine, calcium, etc. The use of antibiotics per se or in the form of one of their salts naturally depends on the different conditions and requirements in the present case.
Konsentrasjonen av antibiotikumet kan varieres gjennom vide grenser, og så små mengder som fra 0,5 til 1,0 del pr. million deler vandig oppløsning har vist seg å redusere tapet av kjøttnæringsmidler for-årsaget av bakteriell bedervelse. Ødeleggelse av hel, sløyet eller ganet fisk ble f. eks. i utpreget grad forhalt ved hjelp av is som inneholdt så lite som ca. en del pr. million av klortetracyklin (hydroklorid) ved opp-bevaring i 6 dager ved minus 1° C. Torsk som ble lagret i 15 dager i is uten noe anti-biotisk stoff utviklet så meget som 187 x 10,; bakterier pr. gram, mens andre torske-prøver som ble lagret i 15 dager i is som inneholdt 1 dpm. (deler pr. million) og 4 dpm. klortetracyklin utviklet bare 20 x 10" respektive 15 x 10" bakterier pr. gram. The concentration of the antibiotic can be varied over wide limits, and amounts as small as from 0.5 to 1.0 part per parts per million aqueous solution has been shown to reduce the loss of meat nutrients caused by bacterial spoilage. Destruction of whole, gutted or gutted fish was e.g. distinctly retarded with the help of ice that contained as little as approx. one part per million of chlortetracycline (hydrochloride) when stored for 6 days at minus 1° C. Cod stored for 15 days in ice without any antibiotic developed as much as 187 x 10; bacteria per gram, while other cod samples that were stored for 15 days in ice containing 1 dpm. (parts per million) and 4 dpm. Chlortetracycline developed only 20 x 10" and 15 x 10" bacteria per gram.
Det vil forstås at andre næringsmidler, særlig marine næringsmidler som reker, fjærkre som kyllinger, og endog de lett for-dervbare grønnsaker på lignende måte be-skyttes mot bakteriell ødeleggelse, slik at deres holdbarhet forlenges. It will be understood that other foodstuffs, particularly marine foodstuffs such as prawns, poultry such as chickens, and even the perishable vegetables are similarly protected against bacterial destruction, so that their shelf life is extended.
Den antibiotiske isen kan anvendes på forskjellige måter, f. eks. som blokker på 136 kg som inneholder 2 dpm. antibiotika og fremstilt i overensstemmelse med de ge-nerelle fremgangsmåter som er beskrevet i eksemplene. Blokkene ble lastet ombord i rekefiskefartøyer, som forlot havnen kort tid etter. Rekene ble etterhvert som de ble fanget, umiddelbart brakt i kontakt med og frosset ved hjelp av den antibiotiske is. Etter at fangsten var avsluttet og fartøyet var kommet tilbake til havnen, ble rekene lagret i 6 dager med den antibiotiske is som anvendtes til sjøs og derpå uttatt, vasket og undersøkt for å kontrollere utseende og lukt. I alle tilfeller var rekenes tilstand ut-merket og tilfredstillet de vanlige krav som industrien stiller. Reker behandlet med vanlig is under tilsvarende forhold var min-dreverdige i disse henseender. The antibiotic ice can be used in different ways, e.g. as blocks of 136 kg containing 2 dpm. antibiotics and prepared in accordance with the general methods described in the examples. The blocks were loaded aboard shrimp fishing vessels, which left the harbor shortly after. As soon as they were caught, the prawns were immediately brought into contact with and frozen using the antibiotic ice. After the catch had ended and the vessel had returned to port, the prawns were stored for 6 days with the antibiotic ice used at sea and then removed, washed and examined to check appearance and smell. In all cases, the condition of the prawns was excellent and satisfied the usual requirements set by the industry. Shrimp treated with regular ice under similar conditions were inferior in these respects.
De øvre grenser for konsentrasjonen av The upper limits for the concentration of
antibiotikumet kan også varieres gjennom vide grenser alt etter egenskapene til det næringsmiddel som kommer i betraktning, og i hvilken grad de lett ødelegges, og enn-videre etter forholdene under lagringen. Det har imidlertid generelt vist seg at i vanlig praksis vil der i alminnelighet kreves konsentrasjoner i området fra 0,5 til 5,0 dpm., men der kan godt anvendes konsentrasjoner av opp til 40—50 dpm., og i enkelte tilfeller kan man anvende så store mengder som 100 dpm. the antibiotic can also be varied within wide limits according to the properties of the foodstuff being considered, and to what extent they are easily destroyed, and furthermore according to the conditions during storage. However, it has generally been shown that in normal practice concentrations in the range from 0.5 to 5.0 dpm will generally be required, but concentrations of up to 40-50 dpm can be used, and in some cases one can apply amounts as large as 100 dpm.
Metallkationene som er tilstede, må ikke være giftige og må være flerverdige, og de må ha polyfunksjonelle egenskaper for å kunne virke som forbindelseselemen-ter mellom antibiotikumet og de kolloidale gel-dannende substanser. Metaller som er skikket for anvendelse ved foreliggende oppfinnelse, er som nevnt slike som befin-ner seg i det periodiske systems gruppe II, og særlig sink, kadmium, kvikksølv og jord-alkali-metaller, som f. eks. magnesium, kalsium eller strontium. Dessuten har metaller fra gruppene VII og VIII med atomvekter mellom 54 og 59, det vil si jern, kobolt, nik-kel og mangan vist seg godt skikket for øyemedet. The metal cations present must not be toxic and must be polyvalent, and they must have polyfunctional properties in order to act as connecting elements between the antibiotic and the colloidal gel-forming substances. Metals which are suitable for use in the present invention are, as mentioned, those found in group II of the periodic system, and in particular zinc, cadmium, mercury and alkaline earth metals, such as e.g. magnesium, calcium or strontium. In addition, metals from groups VII and VIII with atomic weights between 54 and 59, i.e. iron, cobalt, nickel and manganese have proven to be well suited for the eye medicine.
Det skal understrekes at disse metaller inneholdes i isen som er i kontakt med næringsmidlene, og at de er tilstede i isen i overordentlig lave konsentrasjoner. En-hver tendens til at disse metaller skal med-føre giftighet er følgelig sterkt nedsatt, og dessuten må man ta i betraktning at even-tuelt smeltet vann fra isen lett kan skylles eller vaskes bort fra produktene på et sene-re tidspunkt. It must be emphasized that these metals are contained in the ice that is in contact with the nutrients, and that they are present in the ice in extremely low concentrations. Any tendency for these metals to lead to toxicity is consequently greatly reduced, and it must also be taken into account that any melted water from the ice can easily be rinsed or washed away from the products at a later time.
Konsentrasjonene av de toverdige metallkationer kan variere alt etter mengden av det tilstedeværende antibiotikum. The concentrations of the divalent metal cations can vary depending on the amount of antibiotic present.
Som metallsalter kan det anvendes klo-rider, nitrater, acetater, sulfater osv. I noen tilfeller har en tilsetning av så lite som 15 dpm. av metallkationer vist seg tilstrekkelig. As metal salts, chlorides, nitrates, acetates, sulphates etc. can be used. In some cases, an addition of as little as 15 dpm has. of metal cations proved sufficient.
De øvre grenser for konsentrasjonen av metallkationene kan også variere innen vide grenser, og så meget som 5 gram salt pr. 6 liter (200—600 dpm basert på metallkationene) er blitt anvendt. Mengden av det tilstedeværende salt skal naturligvis ikke være slik at der inntrer en ikke ønsket effekt på vannet eller dets smeltepunkt. The upper limits for the concentration of the metal cations can also vary within wide limits, and as much as 5 grams of salt per 6 liters (200-600 dpm based on the metal cations) have been used. Naturally, the amount of salt present must not be such that an unwanted effect occurs on the water or its melting point.
Forbindelsen som den antibiotiske substans er bundet til over metallkationet kan være en hvilken som helst polymer, vann-oppløselig, geldannende forbindelse som er tilstrekkelig kjemisk reaktiv, slik at den er i stand til å danne dobbeltsaltet eller den tertiære kompleksforbindelse med dette. The compound to which the antibiotic substance is bound above the metal cation may be any polymeric, water-soluble, gel-forming compound which is sufficiently chemically reactive so as to be capable of forming the double salt or tertiary complex thereof.
Spesielle eksempler på slike polymere forbindelser er bl. a. følgende: kolloidale cellulosederivater, slik som karboksymetylcellulose, metylcellulose, hydroksyetylcellu-lose, karboksymetylhydroksyetylcellulose og natriumcellulosesulfat, kolloidale eggehvi-tesubstanser, slik som gelatin og animalsk lim, kolloidale tang- og taresubstanser, som alginsyre, natriumalginat, ammoniumalgi-nat, ammoniumkalsiumalginat og irsk mose, kolloidale pektinsubstanser, som pek-tiner, pektinsyre, lavmetoksylpektin (2,5— 7 % metoksyl) osv. Special examples of such polymeric compounds include a. the following: colloidal cellulose derivatives, such as carboxymethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose and sodium cellulose sulfate, colloidal egg white substances, such as gelatin and animal glue, colloidal seaweed and kelp substances, such as alginic acid, sodium alginate, ammonium alginate, ammonium calcium alginate and Irish moss, colloidal pectin substances, such as pectins, pectic acid, low methoxyl pectin (2.5-7% methoxyl), etc.
Grensene for mengden av den polymere, vannoppløselige gel- og dobbeltsalt-dannende forbindelse kan angis ganske bestemt. Det har vist seg at hvis konsentrasjonen av en slik forbindelse er mindre enn ca. 75 mg pr. 6 liter (eller 12,5 dpm.) reduseres ikke vandringen av antibiotikumet til isens midtparti på en tilstrekkelig måte. The limits of the amount of the polymeric, water-soluble, gel- and double-salt-forming compound can be stated quite precisely. It has been shown that if the concentration of such a compound is less than approx. 75 mg per 6 liters (or 12.5 dpm.) migration of the antibiotic to the middle part of the ice is not reduced sufficiently.
Med hensyn til den øvre grense for konsentrasjonen av en slik forbindelse har det vist seg at når der er tilstede mere enn ca. 2 gram pr. 6 liter (eller 333 dpm.), på-virkes frysetiden på en uønsket måte, og isens midtparti er enten ikke frosset eller består av dårlig is, og er viskos og slimaktig eller smeltende. With regard to the upper limit for the concentration of such a compound, it has been shown that when more than approx. 2 grams per 6 liters (or 333 dpm.), the freezing time is affected in an undesirable way, and the middle part of the ice is either not frozen or consists of bad ice, and is viscous and slimy or melting.
Oppfinnelsen skal klargjøres i forbindelse med de følgende eksempler. The invention shall be clarified in connection with the following examples.
Eksempel 1: Example 1:
En blanding bestående av 400 mg karboksymetylcellulose og 180 mg klortetra-cyklinhydroklorid ble oppløst i 6 liter destillert vann i det vesentlige fritt for flerverdige metallkationer. pH av den resulterende væske ble bestemt til 6,2. Væsken ble frosset fullstendig. Etter få dager ble blokken un-l dersøkt. Man iakttok sterk vandring mot i midten av blokken. Dette ble bekreftet ved spektroskopisk analyse av de ytre deler og farve av antibiotikumet var jevnt fordelt de innerste deler av blokken. Fordelingsfor- gjennom blokken unntagen der hvor det var holdet mellom klortetracyklinet i de indre svake skiktmerker på grunn av trykket. deler til den ytre del var 11 : 1. A mixture consisting of 400 mg of carboxymethyl cellulose and 180 mg of chlortetracycline hydrochloride was dissolved in 6 liters of distilled water essentially free of polyvalent metal cations. pH of the resulting liquid was determined to be 6.2. The liquid was completely frozen. After a few days, the block was un-l searched. Strong migration towards the middle of the block was observed. This was confirmed by spectroscopic analysis of the outer parts and the color of the antibiotic was evenly distributed in the innermost parts of the block. Distribution through the block except where there was the hold between the chlortetracycline in the inner weak layer marks due to the pressure. parts to the outer part was 11:1.
, „ Eksempel 10: , „ Example 10:
Eksempel 2:Example 2:
En blanding bestående av 400 mg na- En blanding bestående av 0,408 g klor-triumkarboksymetylcellulose, 180 mg klor- tetracyklinhydroklorid, 1,0 g kalsiumacetat tetracyklin og 100 mg CaCb ble oppløst i og 5,65 g karboksymetylcellulose ble oppløst 6 liter destillert vann under anvendelse av i 136 kg vann, som på forhånd var behand-en mekanisk omrører. Væsken ble frosset let for å fjerne hårdhet, idet eksperimentet som ovenfor. Man i akttok en homogen ble utført i et handelsishus. Oppløsningens blokk. Analyse bekreftet dette og viste at pH var ca. 6,4. Den frosne faste blokk, som fordelingsforholdet mellom den indre del hadde en lang rektangulær form, ble opp-og den ytre del var ca. 1 : 1. delt i to halvparter, tvers på den lengste side. Isen ble undersøkt med hensyn til dens A mixture consisting of 400 mg of na- A mixture consisting of 0.408 g of chlorinated carboxymethyl cellulose, 180 mg of chlortetracycline hydrochloride, 1.0 g of calcium acetate tetracycline and 100 mg of CaCb was dissolved in and 5.65 g of carboxymethyl cellulose was dissolved in 6 liters of distilled water under application of i 136 kg of water, which was previously treated-a mechanical stirrer. The liquid was lightly frozen to remove hardness, the experiment being as above. It was observed that a homogenous was carried out in a trading house. The block of resolution. Analysis confirmed this and showed that the pH was approx. 6.4. The frozen solid block, which the distribution ratio between the inner part had a long rectangular shape, was up-and the outer part was approx. 1 : 1. divided into two halves, across the longest page. The ice was examined for its
Eksempel 3: homogenitet, og det ble funnet at største-parten av klortetracyklinblandingen var En blanding bestående av 110 mg klor- jevnt fordelt gjennom blokken, Example 3: homogeneity, and it was found that most of the chlortetracycline mixture was A mixture consisting of 110 mg of chlorine evenly distributed throughout the block,
tetracyklinhydroklorid, 250 mg karboksy- tetracycline hydrochloride, 250 mg carboxy-
metylcellulose og 1,6 g magnesiumklorid ble Eksempel 11: methylcellulose and 1.6 g of magnesium chloride became Example 11:
oppløst i 6 liter destillert vann. Oppløsnin- dissolved in 6 liters of distilled water. Solution-
gen ble anbrakt i en metallbeholder og En blanding bestående av 0,408 g klor-holdt under frysepunktet inntil den var tetracyklinhydroklorid, 1,0 g kalsiumacetat fullstendig fast. Etter at blokken var delt og 22,6 g irsk mose (Seskem 9), ble oppløst langs diameteren, ble den undersøkt og ble i 136 kg ledningsvann. Oppløsningens pH funnet å ha en homogen, lys gul farve var ca. 7,4. Resultatet var som ovenfor i gjennom blokken, unntatt på et par mindre eksempel 10.1 det vesentlige hadde det ikke steder, hvor skiktmerker på grunn av tryk- funnet sted noen vandring, gene was placed in a metal container and A mixture consisting of 0.408 g of chlorine kept below freezing until it was tetracycline hydrochloride, 1.0 g of calcium acetate completely solid. After the block was split and 22.6 g of Irish moss (Seskem 9) was dissolved along its diameter, it was examined and left in 136 kg of tap water. The pH of the solution found to have a homogeneous, light yellow color was approx. 7.4. The result was as above in through the block, except on a couple of smaller examples 10.1 the main thing was there were no places, where layer marks due to pressure found some migration,
ket ble iakttatt. Ensartetheten av antibio- ket was observed. The uniformity of antibio-
tikumet tvers gjennom isen ble bekreftet Eksempel 12: the ticum across the ice was confirmed Example 12:
ved spektroskopisk analyse. by spectroscopic analysis.
Eksemplet ble utført som i eksempel 3, Eksempel 4: med unntakelse av at 0,5 g alginsyre ble anvendt istedenfor karboksymetylcellulose. The example was carried out as in example 3, Example 4: with the exception that 0.5 g of alginic acid was used instead of carboxymethyl cellulose.
Dette eksempel ble utført som eksem- Ingen vandring fant sted. This example was carried out as exem- No migration took place.
pel 3 med unntakelse av at blandingen in- pel 3 with the exception that the mixture in-
neholdt sinkklorid istedenfor magnesium- Eksempel 13: retained zinc chloride instead of magnesium Example 13:
klorid. Vandring av antibiotikumet til midt- chloride. Migration of the antibiotic to mid-
partiet av isen ble forhindret. Eksemplet ble utført som eksempel 3, the party of the ice was prevented. The example was performed as example 3,
med unntagelse av at 0,5 g natriumalginat with the exception that 0.5 g of sodium alginate
Eksempler 5, 6, 7 og 8: ble anvendt istedenfor karboksymetylcellulose. Ingen vandring fant sted. Examples 5, 6, 7 and 8: were used instead of carboxymethyl cellulose. No walking took place.
Disse eksempler ble utført som eksem- These examples were carried out as examples
pel 3 med unntakelse av at blandingen in- Eksempel 14: pel 3 with the exception that the mixture in- Example 14:
neholdt 1,0 g kadmiumklorid, 1,0 g ferro- contained 1.0 g of cadmium chloride, 1.0 g of ferrous
ammoniumsulfat, 1,0 g nikkelsulfatheksa- Eksemplet ble utført som eksempel 3, hydrat respektive 1,0 g ferriammoniumsul- med unntagelse av at 1,0 g MnCk ble an-fat istedenfor magnesiumklorid. I alle til- vendt istedenfor 1,6 g magnesiumklorid. fellene ble vandringen av antibiotikumet Vandring av antibiotikumet til midtpartiet til midt-partiet av isblokken forhindret. av isen ble forhindret også med den ned-satte saltmengde. ammonium sulfate, 1.0 g of nickel sulfate hexa- The example was carried out as in example 3, hydrate and 1.0 g of ferric ammonium sulphide, with the exception that 1.0 g of MnCk was added instead of magnesium chloride. In all used instead of 1.6 g of magnesium chloride. the traps, migration of the antibiotic Migration of the antibiotic to the middle part to the middle part of the ice block was prevented. of the ice was also prevented with the reduced amount of salt.
Eksempel 9: Example 9:
Eksempel 15: Example 15:
En blanding bestående av 1 g pektin- A mixture consisting of 1 g of pectin-
syre (7% metoksyl), 180 mg tetracyklin og En blanding bestående av 1,0 g man-500 mg Ca(OH>2 ble oppløst i 6 liter led- gandiklorid i form av dets tetrahydrat, ningsvann. (pH = 9). Materialet ble frosset MnCb • 4H^O, 180 mg tetracyklin og 1,0 g til det var fast og derpå undersøkt ved opp- irsk mose (Seskem No. 9) ble oppløst i 6 deling av blokken i to like deler. Undersøk- liter destillert vann. Oppløsningen ble fros-else av bruddflatene viste at den bleke, gule set i en metallbeholder til den var fullsten- acid (7% methoxyl), 180 mg tetracycline and A mixture consisting of 1.0 g man- 500 mg Ca(OH>2 was dissolved in 6 liters of led- gandi chloride in the form of its tetrahydrate, ning water. (pH = 9). The material was frozen MnCb • 4H^O, 180 mg tetracycline and 1.0 g until it was solid and then examined by Upper Irish moss (Seskem No. 9) was dissolved in 6 dividing the block into two equal parts. distilled water.The solution was freezing of the fracture surfaces showed that the pale, yellow seen in a metal container until it was solid-
dig fast. Ved fjernelse av blokken fra beholderen og ved oppdeling av den i to halv-deler, fikk man se to lyse gule, jevnt far-vete stykker, skjønt lette trykkmerker kunne sees. Spektrofotometrisk analyse av prø-ver fra de innerste og ytterste deler bekreftet dette faktum at antibiotikumet var fordelt i et tilnærmet forhold av 1 : 1 gjennom hele blokken. you fast. On removing the block from the container and dividing it into two halves, two bright yellow, evenly colored pieces were seen, although light pressure marks could be seen. Spectrophotometric analysis of samples from the innermost and outermost parts confirmed the fact that the antibiotic was distributed in an approximate ratio of 1:1 throughout the block.
Eksempel 16: Det ovenfor beskrevne eksperiment ble gjentatt, idet man anvendte oksytetracyklin. Man fikk en blokk som hadde sam-me farve og utseende som i eksempel 15. Example 16: The experiment described above was repeated, using oxytetracycline. You got a block that had the same color and appearance as in example 15.
Eksempel 17: En blanding bestående av 500 mg karboksymetylcellulose, 1 gram strontiumklo-rid og 180 mg klortetracyklin i form av det saltsure salt ble oppløst i 6 liter destillert vann. Oppløsningens pH var omtrent 8. Oppløsningen ble deretter helt i en 9,5 liters beholder og frosset til den var fast. Example 17: A mixture consisting of 500 mg of carboxymethyl cellulose, 1 gram of strontium chloride and 180 mg of chlortetracycline in the form of the hydrochloric acid salt was dissolved in 6 liters of distilled water. The pH of the solution was approximately 8. The solution was then poured into a 9.5 liter container and frozen until solid.
Ved slutten av fryseperioden ble den faste blokk fjernet fra beholderen i ett stykke og delt gjennom midten. Den gule farve var jevnt fordelt gjennom blokken. At the end of the freezing period, the solid block was removed from the container in one piece and split down the middle. The yellow color was evenly distributed throughout the block.
Eksempel 18 og 19: Eksempel 17 ble gjentatt, idet man anvendte 1 gram irsk mose, 180 mg klortetracyklin og (Eksempel 18) 1 g kvikksølvklo- Examples 18 and 19: Example 17 was repeated, using 1 gram of Irish moss, 180 mg of chlortetracycline and (Example 18) 1 g of mercury chloride
rid; og (Eksempel 19) 1 gram koboltklorid. ride; and (Example 19) 1 gram of cobalt chloride.
Den resulterende is hadde en jevn svak farve og ingen vandring kunne sees. The resulting ice had a uniform faint color and no migration could be seen.
Claims (4)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR18745A FR1493115A (en) | 1966-07-12 | 1966-07-12 | Hopper reservation frame |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NO117205B true NO117205B (en) | 1969-07-14 |
Family
ID=8580150
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NO167919A NO117205B (en) | 1966-07-12 | 1967-04-27 |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3517906A (en) |
DE (2) | DE1958938U (en) |
FR (1) | FR1493115A (en) |
GB (1) | GB1135686A (en) |
NL (1) | NL6616312A (en) |
NO (1) | NO117205B (en) |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5169544A (en) * | 1989-08-31 | 1992-12-08 | Stanfill Michael E | Buck for use in construction |
AU656316B2 (en) * | 1990-03-26 | 1995-02-02 | Joseph Patrick Keogh | Installation of safes |
WO1991014841A1 (en) * | 1990-03-26 | 1991-10-03 | Joseph Patrick Keogh | Installation of safes |
US5855806A (en) * | 1996-07-22 | 1999-01-05 | M & G Manufacturing Company Incorporated | Window pour mold |
US5843324A (en) * | 1997-04-11 | 1998-12-01 | Shirley; Brett L. | Reusable form |
US7490442B1 (en) * | 2004-07-27 | 2009-02-17 | Feather Lite Innovations, Inc. | Window system for concrete walls and associated method |
FR3018087B1 (en) * | 2014-02-28 | 2018-06-15 | Lesage Developpement | WALL COMPRISING A SECURE OPENING, DEVICE FOR FORMING SUCH AN OPENING AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING SUCH A WALL |
CN110424736A (en) * | 2019-08-15 | 2019-11-08 | 中建一局集团建设发展有限公司 | A kind of groove pressing device and its construction method for cast-in-place horizontal floor |
Family Cites Families (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1137932A (en) * | 1913-05-10 | 1915-05-04 | Joseph Vickers | Collapsible core for cement-molds. |
US1373877A (en) * | 1920-06-12 | 1921-04-05 | Jasper E Fifield | Core for molding hollow walls |
US1700889A (en) * | 1924-06-06 | 1929-02-05 | John N Heltzel | Collapsible form |
US1724035A (en) * | 1925-09-21 | 1929-08-13 | Fred J Mead | Concrete mold |
US1616357A (en) * | 1926-05-18 | 1927-02-01 | Otto L Engstrom | Concrete-wall form |
GB293165A (en) * | 1927-05-19 | 1928-07-05 | Albert John Cooper | Improvements in or relating to casting concrete walls in situ |
US1891764A (en) * | 1928-08-29 | 1932-12-20 | Cement Products Res Corp | Method and apparatus for making cementitious articles |
US2111577A (en) * | 1933-11-22 | 1938-03-22 | Leonard H Thomas | Concrete construction |
US2131474A (en) * | 1936-02-08 | 1938-09-27 | William P Witherow | Apparatus for making concrete articles |
US2536377A (en) * | 1944-12-07 | 1951-01-02 | Lachaise Jean Celest Hippolyte | Mold for the production of building members |
US2416559A (en) * | 1945-09-04 | 1947-02-25 | Wilson John Hart | Apparatus for molding and handling concrete slabs |
US2514805A (en) * | 1948-02-09 | 1950-07-11 | Howard C Seymour | Form for making concrete slabs |
US2683913A (en) * | 1951-06-26 | 1954-07-20 | Victor B Honnigford | Window form or the like |
US2650252A (en) * | 1951-07-03 | 1953-08-25 | Us Rubber Co | Preparation of ketone-diarylamine condensates |
US2864150A (en) * | 1955-11-09 | 1958-12-16 | Henderson Albert | Apparatus for making concrete structural shapes |
US3162901A (en) * | 1962-05-14 | 1964-12-29 | Elrick Ind Inc | Device for protecting tire casings from the hinges of collapsible rims |
US3360232A (en) * | 1965-06-10 | 1967-12-26 | Edward F Vandenheuvel | Retainer for concrete form panels |
-
1966
- 1966-07-12 FR FR18745A patent/FR1493115A/en not_active Expired
- 1966-11-19 NL NL6616312A patent/NL6616312A/xx unknown
- 1966-11-24 GB GB52741/66A patent/GB1135686A/en not_active Expired
- 1966-12-09 US US600525A patent/US3517906A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1967
- 1967-02-15 DE DES60006U patent/DE1958938U/en not_active Expired
- 1967-02-15 DE DE19671684380 patent/DE1684380A1/en active Pending
- 1967-04-27 NO NO167919A patent/NO117205B/no unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR1493115A (en) | 1967-08-25 |
US3517906A (en) | 1970-06-30 |
GB1135686A (en) | 1968-12-04 |
DE1684380A1 (en) | 1971-08-19 |
DE1958938U (en) | 1967-04-20 |
NL6616312A (en) | 1968-01-15 |
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