NO117157B - - Google Patents
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- Publication number
- NO117157B NO117157B NO168257A NO16825767A NO117157B NO 117157 B NO117157 B NO 117157B NO 168257 A NO168257 A NO 168257A NO 16825767 A NO16825767 A NO 16825767A NO 117157 B NO117157 B NO 117157B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- sulfate
- sulfamic acid
- acid
- soluble salt
- salt
- Prior art date
Links
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 10
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- LNOPIUAQISRISI-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-hydroxy-2-propan-2-ylsulfonylethanimidamide Chemical compound CC(C)S(=O)(=O)CC(N)=NO LNOPIUAQISRISI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- 239000008247 solid mixture Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000375 suspending agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 15
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000001166 ammonium sulphate Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000001120 potassium sulphate Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012452 mother liquor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- IIACRCGMVDHOTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfamic acid Chemical compound NS(O)(=O)=O IIACRCGMVDHOTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- -1 alkali metal salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012047 saturated solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B59/00—Hull protection specially adapted for vessels; Cleaning devices specially adapted for vessels
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B59/00—Hull protection specially adapted for vessels; Cleaning devices specially adapted for vessels
- B63B59/04—Preventing hull fouling
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
- C23F13/00—Inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
- C23F13/00—Inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection
- C23F13/02—Inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection cathodic; Selection of conditions, parameters or procedures for cathodic protection, e.g. of electrical conditions
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
Description
Fremgangsmåte til å minske tilbøyeligheten til sammenklumpning av kaliumsulfat, ammoniumsulfat og blandinger i hvilke kaliumsulfat og/eller ammoniumsulfat er de vesentlige bestanddeler. Process for reducing the tendency to clump together of potassium sulphate, ammonium sulphate and mixtures in which potassium sulphate and/or ammonium sulphate are the essential constituents.
Ved lagring av kaliumsulfat og ammoniumsulfat finner det ofte etter lengere When storing potassium sulphate and ammonium sulphate, it often takes longer to find
eller kortere tid sted en sammenklebning or a shorter time place a bonding
av stoffets partikler, i alminnelighet kalt of the substance's particles, commonly called
klumpdannelse, og denne dannelse av lump formation, and this formation of
klumper kan fortsette i slik grad at hele lumps can continue to such an extent that whole
massen bare med de største vanskeligheter the mass only with the greatest difficulty
og med store omkostninger igjen kan over-føres til et granulert og strøbart produkt and at great expense again can be transferred to a granulated and spreadable product
som lar seg håndtere lett. Denne sammenklumpning kan tilskrives forskjellige fenomener som det er vanskelig å skille fra which can be handled easily. This clustering can be attributed to different phenomena that are difficult to separate
hverandre. Disse forskjellige fenomener each other. These different phenomena
påvirkes av flere ytre omstendigheter som is influenced by several external circumstances such as
variasjoner i fuktighetsinnholdet, lagrin-gens varighet, temperatur og trykk. Dan-nelsen av klumper påvirkes videre av sulfatets kornstørrelse og hyppigheten av av-vikelser fra den gjennomsnittlige partikkel-størrelse. variations in moisture content, duration of storage, temperature and pressure. The formation of clumps is further affected by the sulfate's grain size and the frequency of deviations from the average particle size.
Ved å variere betingelsene under kry-stallisasjonen eller ved å skille produktet By varying the conditions during crystallization or by separating the product
i forskjellige fraksjoner ved siktning har in different fractions when sifting has
man fremstillet produkter som har en min-sket til bøyelighet til sammenklumpning products have been produced which have a reduced tendency to agglomerate
på grunn av modifikasjoner i krystallenes due to modifications in the crystals
form eller størrelse. shape or size.
Ifølge U.S. patentskrift nr. 2 616 788 According to the U.S. patent document no. 2 616 788
brukes der en metode til å minske ammoniumsulfatets tilbøyelighet til klumpdannelse. For dette formål tilsettes ifølge pa-tentet et farvende stoff med en sulfonsyre-gruppe i molekylet eller et salt av et slikt a method is used to reduce the tendency of the ammonium sulphate to form lumps. For this purpose, according to the patent, a coloring substance with a sulfonic acid group in the molecule or a salt of such is added
farvende stoff til den mettede oppløsning coloring matter to the saturated solution
av ammoniumsulfat fra hvilken produktet of ammonium sulfate from which the product
skal utkrystalliseres, eller til det faste salt. must be crystallized, or into the solid salt.
Allerede små mengder av disse tilsetnings- Already small amounts of these additives
midler, nemlig fra 0,001 til 0,1 vektprosent er tilstrekkelig. Det er imidlertid eri ulem-pe at produktet farves av dette farvende stoff og at tilsetningsmidlet er temmelig kostbart. agents, namely from 0.001 to 0.1 percent by weight are sufficient. However, it is a disadvantage that the product is colored by this coloring substance and that the additive is rather expensive.
Det er nå funnet at kaliumsulfatets og ammoniumsulfatets tilbøyelighet til å klumpe sammen kan minskes betydelig ved å tilsette sulfaminsyre (NH2 SOoOH) eller et oppløselig salt av denne syre. F. eks. alkalimetallsaltene er funnet å være egne-de tilsetninger for praktisk anvendelse. It has now been found that the tendency of potassium sulphate and ammonium sulphate to clump together can be considerably reduced by adding sulphamic acid (NH2 SOoOH) or a soluble salt of this acid. For example the alkali metal salts have been found to be suitable additives for practical use.
Det kan ikke gis noen alminnelige for-skrifter angående den mengde av nevnte tilsetningsmiddel som skal brukes, men det er slående at denne mengde kan være meget liten. Således er det sjelden nødvendig å tilsette mer enn 0,1 vektprosent. Den . mengde av tilsetningsmidlet som behøves i hvert enkelt tilfelle er avhengig av forskjellige faktorer som vedkommende sul-fats partikkelstørrelse og denne partikkel-størrelses større eller mindre ensartethet, den større eller mindre ensartethet av for-delingen av tilsetningsmidlet i det mate-riale som behandles og det maksimale innhold av fuktighet som kan forekomme under lagringen. Desto mindre sulfatets kornstørrelse er, jo større mengde tilsetningsmiddel må det brukes. Likeledes må mengden av tilsetningsmiddel være større desto høyere maksimalt innhold av fuktighet det kan ventes under lagringen. No general regulations can be given regarding the amount of said additive to be used, but it is striking that this amount can be very small. Thus, it is rarely necessary to add more than 0.1% by weight. The . amount of the additive needed in each individual case depends on various factors such as the particle size of the sulfate in question and the greater or lesser uniformity of this particle size, the greater or lesser uniformity of the distribution of the additive in the material being treated and the maximum moisture content that may occur during storage. The smaller the grain size of the sulfate, the greater the amount of additive that must be used. Likewise, the amount of additive must be greater the higher the maximum moisture content that can be expected during storage.
Som regel er en mengde på 0,05—0,001 vektprosent av tilsetningsmidlet tilstrekkelig. Under gunstige omstendigheter kan mindre mengder enn disse også gi tilfreds-stillende virkning. As a rule, an amount of 0.05-0.001 percent by weight of the additive is sufficient. Under favorable circumstances, smaller quantities than these can also give a satisfactory effect.
Man bør selvfølgelig ta forholdsregler for intim blanding av det stoff som skal behandles og tilsetningsmidlet. Tilsetningsmidlet brukes derfor fortrinsvis i opp-løst tilstand. Den beste metode til utførel-se av tilsetningen er å forstøve en fortyn-net oppløsning på det faste salt. One should of course take precautions for intimate mixing of the substance to be treated and the additive. The additive is therefore preferably used in a dissolved state. The best method for carrying out the addition is to spray a diluted solution on the solid salt.
En meget god fordeling av tilsetningsmidlet oppnåes også ved å tilsette sulfaminsyren eller et oppløselig salt av denne syre til en suspensjon av sulfatet og derpå skille sulfatet fra moderluten og tørre det. A very good distribution of the additive is also achieved by adding the sulfamic acid or a soluble salt of this acid to a suspension of the sulfate and then separating the sulfate from the mother liquor and drying it.
I prinsipp kan altså tilsetningsmidlet blandes med tørt eller fuktig sulfat og den oppnådde effekt er uavhengig av blande-metoden forutsatt at man sørger for at tilsetningsmidlet fordeles jevnt i det mate-riale som behandles. In principle, therefore, the additive can be mixed with dry or moist sulphate and the effect achieved is independent of the mixing method, provided that it is ensured that the additive is evenly distributed in the material being treated.
Det sulfat som behandles behøver ikke være rent. Det er mulig i en meget betydelig grad å minske tilbøyeligheten til sammenklumpning også hos blandinger som inneholder ammoniumsulfat og/eller kaliumsulfat som vesentlige bestanddeler, f. eks. blandede gjødningsstoffer på basis av disse salter, eller hos forurenset ammoniumsulfat og/eller kaliumsulfat. The sulfate that is treated does not have to be pure. It is possible to a very significant extent to reduce the tendency to clumping also in mixtures containing ammonium sulphate and/or potassium sulphate as essential components, e.g. mixed fertilizers based on these salts, or with contaminated ammonium sulphate and/or potassium sulphate.
I sammenligning med de farvende stof-fer som brukes ifølge det foran nevnte U.S. patent nr. 2 616 788 har sulfaminsyren og dens salter den fordel at de ikke gir ammoniumsulfatet noen fremtredende far-ve, dessuten er de billigere enn tilsetnings-midlene som brukes ifølge nevnte patentskrift. In comparison with the coloring substances used according to the aforementioned U.S. patent no. 2 616 788, the sulfamic acid and its salts have the advantage that they do not give the ammonium sulfate any prominent colour, moreover, they are cheaper than the additives used according to said patent document.
I det følgende beskrives som eksempel to utførelsesformer for oppfinnelsen. In the following, two embodiments of the invention are described as examples.
Eksempel 1:-Fra et inndampningsanlegg for en ka-liumsulfatoppløsning føres det krystalli-serte salt sammen med moderluten til et sikteapparat. Det siktede produkt som har en partikkelstørrelse mellom 0,4 og 0,8 mm, føres gjennom en blandeskrue i en strøm på 8 tonn pr. time, mens 4 liter 6 pst.s opp-løsning av natriumsaltet av sulfaminsyren pr. time forstøves på denne strøm. Saltet tørres derpå og føres til stedet for dets emballasje. Example 1:-From an evaporation plant for a potassium sulphate solution, the crystallized salt is fed together with the mother liquor to a screening apparatus. The sieved product, which has a particle size between 0.4 and 0.8 mm, is passed through a mixing screw in a flow of 8 tonnes per hour, while 4 liters of a 6% solution of the sodium salt of the sulfamic acid per hour is atomized on this stream. The salt is then dried and taken to the place of its packaging.
Selv når dette produkt lagres under ugunstige omstendigheter forblir det sam-menhengende og lett strøbart, mens ka-liumsulfatet fra samme charge men som ikke er behandlet går over i en hård masse under samme omstendigheter. Even when this product is stored under unfavorable conditions it remains cohesive and easily spreadable, while the potassium sulphate from the same charge but which has not been treated turns into a hard mass under the same conditions.
Eksempel 2: Fra et reaksjonskar tas der pr. time ut 10 tonn ammoniumsulfat suspendert i 20 rn" moderlut. Til denne pastaformede blanding tilsettes der pr. time 0,05 vektpst. sulfaminsyre beregnet på fast ammoniumsulfat. Suspensjonen føres derpå over i en sentrifuge, idet man sørger for at det under denne fremføring til sentrifugen blandes grundig. Saltet tørres påny etter at det er tatt ut av sentrifugen. Forskjellen mellom det behandlede •og ubehandlede ammoniumsulfat er praktisk talt den samme som i eksempel 1 for kaliumsulfat. Example 2: From a reaction vessel there is taken per hour out 10 tonnes of ammonium sulphate suspended in 20 rn" of mother liquor. To this paste-shaped mixture is added per hour 0.05% by weight of sulphamic acid calculated on solid ammonium sulphate. The suspension is then transferred to a centrifuge, ensuring that during this transfer to the centrifuge is thoroughly mixed. The salt is dried again after it has been removed from the centrifuge. The difference between the treated and untreated ammonium sulphate is practically the same as in example 1 for potassium sulphate.
Claims (5)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SE7195/66A SE320249B (en) | 1966-05-26 | 1966-05-26 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NO117157B true NO117157B (en) | 1969-07-07 |
Family
ID=20270681
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NO168257A NO117157B (en) | 1966-05-26 | 1967-05-23 |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
NO (1) | NO117157B (en) |
SE (1) | SE320249B (en) |
-
1966
- 1966-05-26 SE SE7195/66A patent/SE320249B/xx unknown
-
1967
- 1967-05-23 NO NO168257A patent/NO117157B/no unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
SE320249B (en) | 1970-02-02 |
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