NO115790B - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- NO115790B NO115790B NO152877A NO15287764A NO115790B NO 115790 B NO115790 B NO 115790B NO 152877 A NO152877 A NO 152877A NO 15287764 A NO15287764 A NO 15287764A NO 115790 B NO115790 B NO 115790B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- electrode
- mixture
- aluminum
- alkali metal
- salt
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 129
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical group Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 73
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 70
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 56
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 46
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical group [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 44
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000011833 salt mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- -1 alkali metal salt Chemical class 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910001413 alkali metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000011088 calibration curve Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021607 Silver chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Ag+] HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001508 alkali metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 6
- 150000008045 alkali metal halides Chemical class 0.000 claims 6
- 239000011876 fused mixture Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 5
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 4
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver(1+) nitrate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]N(=O)=O SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 3
- RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetaminophen Chemical compound CC(=O)NC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021578 Iron(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000013494 PH determination Methods 0.000 description 2
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 2
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 239000006123 lithium glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001414 potassium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000005297 pyrex Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001961 silver nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910018068 Li 2 O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000528 Na alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005388 borosilicate glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZSFZQNSWHYVSDP-UHFFFAOYSA-G dialuminum;sodium;heptachloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-] ZSFZQNSWHYVSDP-UHFFFAOYSA-G 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011491 glass wool Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012803 melt mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009738 saturating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 1
- JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bromide Inorganic materials [Na+].[Br-] JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium iodide Inorganic materials [Na+].[I-] FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Inorganic materials [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/14—Fuel cells with fused electrolytes
- H01M8/144—Fuel cells with fused electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
- C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
- C25C3/20—Automatic control or regulation of cells
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/403—Cells and electrode assemblies
- G01N27/4035—Combination of a single ion-sensing electrode and a single reference electrode
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials Using Thermal Means (AREA)
- Testing Resistance To Weather, Investigating Materials By Mechanical Methods (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Measuring Oxygen Concentration In Cells (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US274420A US3324013A (en) | 1963-04-22 | 1963-04-22 | Method and apparatus for determining composition of molten salt mixtures |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NO115790B true NO115790B (de) | 1968-12-02 |
Family
ID=23048123
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO152877A NO115790B (de) | 1963-04-22 | 1964-04-17 |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3324013A (de) |
| BE (1) | BE646474A (de) |
| CH (1) | CH426313A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE1498541A1 (de) |
| ES (1) | ES298516A1 (de) |
| GB (1) | GB1042243A (de) |
| NL (1) | NL6404294A (de) |
| NO (1) | NO115790B (de) |
| SE (1) | SE318130B (de) |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3380897A (en) * | 1964-11-16 | 1968-04-30 | Reynolds Metals Co | Method of determining ore concentration |
| US3471392A (en) * | 1964-12-19 | 1969-10-07 | Evgen Kansky | Hermetically sealed electrode |
| GB1132753A (en) * | 1966-06-23 | 1968-11-06 | Atomic Energy Authority Uk | Improvements in or relating to the determination of combined carbon in metals |
| US3480520A (en) * | 1966-11-17 | 1969-11-25 | Us Navy | Method for sodium concentration sensing |
| JPS5039190Y1 (de) * | 1968-07-02 | 1975-11-11 | ||
| GB1579110A (en) * | 1978-05-31 | 1980-11-12 | Euteco Spa | Device for the determination ofthe concentration of sodium in a flowing mercury-sodium amalgam |
| US4450063A (en) * | 1983-09-28 | 1984-05-22 | Reynolds Metals Company | Probe for alumina concentration meter |
| US4764257A (en) * | 1985-10-03 | 1988-08-16 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Aluminum reference electrode |
| US20150044549A1 (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2015-02-12 | H&D Electric, LLC | Advances in electric car technology |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2728656A (en) * | 1952-02-29 | 1955-12-27 | Ethyl Corp | Method of preparing lead alloys |
| US2886771A (en) * | 1955-06-14 | 1959-05-12 | George A Rubissow | Fluid-testing device |
| US3151052A (en) * | 1962-05-17 | 1964-09-29 | Beckman Instruments Inc | Electrochemical flow cell |
-
1963
- 1963-04-22 US US274420A patent/US3324013A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1964
- 1964-04-03 GB GB13957/64A patent/GB1042243A/en not_active Expired
- 1964-04-10 ES ES298516A patent/ES298516A1/es not_active Expired
- 1964-04-13 BE BE646474D patent/BE646474A/xx unknown
- 1964-04-15 CH CH483264A patent/CH426313A/fr unknown
- 1964-04-16 DE DE19641498541 patent/DE1498541A1/de active Pending
- 1964-04-17 NO NO152877A patent/NO115790B/no unknown
- 1964-04-20 NL NL6404294A patent/NL6404294A/xx unknown
- 1964-04-22 SE SE4965/64A patent/SE318130B/xx unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NL6404294A (de) | 1964-10-23 |
| BE646474A (de) | 1964-10-13 |
| ES298516A1 (es) | 1964-09-01 |
| DE1498541A1 (de) | 1969-01-23 |
| GB1042243A (en) | 1966-09-14 |
| US3324013A (en) | 1967-06-06 |
| SE318130B (de) | 1969-12-01 |
| CH426313A (fr) | 1966-12-15 |
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