NL8301515A - Filter voor het behandelen van een of meer vloeistof en/of gasstromen en het uitvoeren van biochemische omzettingen. - Google Patents
Filter voor het behandelen van een of meer vloeistof en/of gasstromen en het uitvoeren van biochemische omzettingen. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NL8301515A NL8301515A NL8301515A NL8301515A NL8301515A NL 8301515 A NL8301515 A NL 8301515A NL 8301515 A NL8301515 A NL 8301515A NL 8301515 A NL8301515 A NL 8301515A NL 8301515 A NL8301515 A NL 8301515A
- Authority
- NL
- Netherlands
- Prior art keywords
- filter
- coarse
- fine
- spiral
- package
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 54
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 claims description 11
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000270666 Testudines Species 0.000 claims description 4
- CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium stearate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000013539 calcium stearate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000008116 calcium stearate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002292 Nylon 6 Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012798 spherical particle Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011362 coarse particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000014653 Carica parviflora Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 241000242759 Actiniaria Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000242757 Anthozoa Species 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000243321 Cnidaria Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000252233 Cyprinus carpio Species 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Nitrite anion Chemical compound [O-]N=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241001600436 Plectroglyphidodon leucozonus Species 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004323 axial length Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006065 biodegradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004071 biological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008827 biological function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003670 easy-to-clean Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011796 hollow space material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007102 metabolic function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910017464 nitrogen compound Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002830 nitrogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D29/00—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor
- B01D29/11—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor with bag, cage, hose, tube, sleeve or like filtering elements
- B01D29/13—Supported filter elements
- B01D29/15—Supported filter elements arranged for inward flow filtration
- B01D29/21—Supported filter elements arranged for inward flow filtration with corrugated, folded or wound sheets
- B01D29/216—Supported filter elements arranged for inward flow filtration with corrugated, folded or wound sheets with wound sheets
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
- A01K63/045—Filters for aquaria
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D25/00—Filters formed by clamping together several filtering elements or parts of such elements
- B01D25/22—Cell-type filters
- B01D25/24—Cell-type roll filters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
- C02F3/10—Packings; Fillings; Grids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/28—Anaerobic digestion processes
- C02F3/2806—Anaerobic processes using solid supports for microorganisms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/30—Aerobic and anaerobic processes
- C02F3/301—Aerobic and anaerobic treatment in the same reactor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/30—Aerobic and anaerobic processes
- C02F3/302—Nitrification and denitrification treatment
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Filtering Materials (AREA)
Priority Applications (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NL8301515A NL8301515A (nl) | 1983-04-29 | 1983-04-29 | Filter voor het behandelen van een of meer vloeistof en/of gasstromen en het uitvoeren van biochemische omzettingen. |
| DE8438440U DE8438440U1 (de) | 1983-04-29 | 1984-04-11 | Aquarium |
| DE3413551A DE3413551A1 (de) | 1983-04-29 | 1984-04-11 | Filter zum behandeln von einer oder mehreren fluessigkeiten und/oder gasstroemen sowie dessen verwendung zu biochemischen umsetzungen |
| DE8411302U DE8411302U1 (de) | 1983-04-29 | 1984-04-11 | Filter zum Behandeln von einer oder mehreren Flüssigkeiten und/oder Gasströmen |
| FR8406726A FR2544995B1 (fr) | 1983-04-29 | 1984-04-27 | Filtre a plusieurs couches, notamment pour aquarium |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NL8301515A NL8301515A (nl) | 1983-04-29 | 1983-04-29 | Filter voor het behandelen van een of meer vloeistof en/of gasstromen en het uitvoeren van biochemische omzettingen. |
| NL8301515 | 1983-04-29 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NL8301515A true NL8301515A (nl) | 1984-11-16 |
Family
ID=19841781
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NL8301515A NL8301515A (nl) | 1983-04-29 | 1983-04-29 | Filter voor het behandelen van een of meer vloeistof en/of gasstromen en het uitvoeren van biochemische omzettingen. |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (3) | DE3413551A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| FR (1) | FR2544995B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| NL (1) | NL8301515A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
Families Citing this family (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2614176B1 (fr) * | 1986-12-17 | 1991-11-22 | Setric Sa | Dispositif de filtration polyunitaire et convergent pour interieur d'aquarium. |
| FR2639342B1 (fr) * | 1988-11-22 | 1991-09-06 | Seine Normandie Agence Financi | Support de fixation des microorganismes dans l'epuration et le traitement des eaux et procedes et reacteurs d'epuration utilisant un tel support |
| AP124A (en) * | 1989-09-25 | 1991-03-14 | Biofil Ltd | Filter device. |
| DE4217159C2 (de) * | 1992-05-23 | 1996-02-29 | Seitz Filter Werke | Rückspülbare Filterkerze mit Tiefenfiltereigenschaften und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung |
| DE4430077C2 (de) * | 1994-08-25 | 1997-04-10 | Aqua Medic Anlagenbau Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Regulieren und Verbessern der Wasserqualität |
| EP2062632A1 (de) * | 2007-11-21 | 2009-05-27 | IBS Filtran Kunststoff-/Metallerzeugnisse GmbH | Filterelement |
| DE102012216339B4 (de) * | 2012-09-13 | 2017-09-07 | GICON-Großmann Ingenieur Consult GmbH | Verfahren zur Fest-Flüssigtrennung einer Suspension sowie die Verwendung eines selbstverbrauchenden Filters aus biologisch abbaubarem Material zur Fest-Flüssigtrennung von Suspensionen in diesem Verfahren |
| JP6475326B2 (ja) * | 2014-09-24 | 2019-02-27 | ダウ グローバル テクノロジーズ エルエルシー | 一体的な生物反応器を含む渦巻き状濾過アセンブリ |
| US10286361B2 (en) | 2015-04-16 | 2019-05-14 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Filtration assembly including spiral wound bioreactors and hyperfiltration membrane modules |
| EP3283197B1 (en) * | 2015-04-16 | 2019-06-19 | Dow Global Technologies LLC | Filtration assembly including spiral wound bioreactors and membrane modules positioned in separate pressure vessels |
| CN108883954A (zh) | 2016-03-23 | 2018-11-23 | 陶氏环球技术有限责任公司 | 生物反应器组件 |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3073735A (en) * | 1955-04-18 | 1963-01-15 | American Viscose Corp | Method for producing filters |
| US2888095A (en) * | 1956-11-15 | 1959-05-26 | Goodrich Co B F | Air filter |
| DE1611095B2 (de) * | 1967-12-05 | 1974-02-21 | Roland 4630 Bochum Hagemann | Aquariums-Filter |
| BE768776A (fr) * | 1970-07-30 | 1971-11-03 | Glanzstoff Ag | Materiau de filtrage |
| FR2243719A1 (en) * | 1973-09-18 | 1975-04-11 | Tissmetal Lionel Dupont | Gas or liquid filter elements - comprising mechanically knitted fibre mat strengthened by resin bonding |
| DE2530499C3 (de) * | 1975-07-09 | 1978-05-24 | Akzo Gmbh, 5600 Wuppertal | Mattenbahn und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung |
| NL7609378A (en) * | 1976-08-24 | 1978-02-28 | Ake Oskar Vilhelm Hellqvist | Purifying water by eliminating microorganisms - by oxygenating then filtering through inorganic fibres pref. mineral wool |
| JPS5687415A (en) * | 1979-12-17 | 1981-07-16 | Nippon Sangyo Kikai Kk | Laminated filter material and use thereof |
-
1983
- 1983-04-29 NL NL8301515A patent/NL8301515A/nl not_active Application Discontinuation
-
1984
- 1984-04-11 DE DE3413551A patent/DE3413551A1/de active Granted
- 1984-04-11 DE DE8411302U patent/DE8411302U1/de not_active Expired
- 1984-04-11 DE DE8438440U patent/DE8438440U1/de not_active Expired
- 1984-04-27 FR FR8406726A patent/FR2544995B1/fr not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2544995B1 (fr) | 1986-04-18 |
| DE3413551A1 (de) | 1984-10-31 |
| DE8438440U1 (de) | 1988-03-24 |
| FR2544995A1 (fr) | 1984-11-02 |
| DE3413551C2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1988-11-24 |
| DE8411302U1 (de) | 1988-01-07 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| A1B | A search report has been drawn up | ||
| A85 | Still pending on 85-01-01 | ||
| BC | A request for examination has been filed | ||
| BI | The patent application has been withdrawn |