NL8001500A - METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR ADJUSTING THE QUANTITY OF LIQUID, SUBJECT TO FINE GRANULAR MATERIALS AND METHOD FOR PREPARING MORTAR AND CONCRETE. - Google Patents

Description

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Method and device for adaptation. of: the amount of r.l: 'l'o liquid, deposited on fine-grained materials in Japanese method for the preparation of mortar and heton. c t;, ...- e.ave-. · * 'sr *' v * :? -sb si.f. .. _

The invention relates to, a. soaking and an apparatus for adjusting the amount of liquid, usually vessel, deposited on the surfaces of fine-grained materials, and a method of preparation / mortar and; concrete using the treated granular material , * = *> ?. "? £ ·· +."

Fine aggregates, which include river and mountain sand, or artificial fine particles, are widely used for preparing cementitious and limestone cementitious mortars used for building construction, and. . many other IQ civil constructions. During mining and crushing of various ores used in metallurgical and nuclear, and coal, fine particles and dust are formed. Depending on the field of application, it is further necessary to break the ores or coal into granules, which have a predetermined content. When pulverizing and purifying these materials or using them for chemical reactions, they are often used. shaped in the form of mud or the like. As. Also known, these fine grains contain a significant amount of water which adheres to the surface thereof. This applies not only to river water and mountain sands, but also for coal. In the last few years, these substances have been mined, under the influence of water jets, so that the amount of water is reduced, even with a snail from a berry pear, which is the "snail". forms of it -!; is free from water, water is used. ^ V <^ rvthe collection »· '' thereof.

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Moreover, when these materials are stored outdoors, they are wetted by rain, dew and snow. Such wet particles cannot be used immediately. For example, when sintering or coking these materials, even when they are directly loaded into an oven , it is necessary to dry these materials prior to actual use. This requires additional heat energy, ie fuel. As will be explained in more detail below, '' ibeschrêveh, 'when using a fine aggregate, existing' .. For the preparation of mortar and cement, the amount of deposited or surface water is an important factor influencing the quality of the product, although the composition of sand size also affects the quality of the sand. of the product influences as long as sand obtained from the same source is used, it is easy to use the sand of the same composition: grain size tte, rarely mixing sand from different sources. When the sand particles of different sizes. -contains; it is not easy to classify these with a sieve in fine,. λ '... intermediate size one and coarse particles, with a small difference in the. ·: Dtorrelé size does not make a big difference in the quality of the pro-2Q. ". Vdttkfe · results. However, the amount of surface water is: highly · variable depending on the source, and the methods =. R - · - 'vato' the "collection, transport and storage of the sand. Moreover, the soft surface area of the fine particles of sand is large, so that the quantity of deposited water involved is large. Top. 25; ~~ this Bevéfësand water 'in the interstices of the sand particles, it-ri. : May change from time to time depending on the weather conditions. More particularly when sand of the same soil is poured, the water content thereof differs. . between the top and the bottom, and between morning and midnight. ”When preparing cement mortar and concrete using a fine • vhh aggregate, have the ratio of water to; cement - W / 6), the ratio of cement to sand (C / Z) and the ratio of cement graft and / or sand to a coarse aggregate (Z / G or C / G)? . . Great influence on the strength of the product obtained on the flowability. .35-,. baarhei'd, © p dé ': Quality and machinability. So when bad crisis ^ 5 00

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3, if an excessive amount of water is incorporated, segregation and freezing are inevitable, thus reducing the mechanical strength of the product. On the other hand, it weakened. reaching water has the formability and pouring property, so that even when vibrating or pressure is applied during molding or pouring, it is difficult to obtain a dense structure, which also reduces mechanical strength. As described above, notwithstanding the fact that it is essential to choose the ~ * * "*" correct W / C, etc., it is difficult to achieve the ideal ratios W / C and 10 Z / C, etc. because the amount of water deposited is highly variable, and it is difficult to measure the amount of surface water simply and accurately, although it has been proposed to dry the fine aggregate completely or to measure it in water, such methods are unsuitable for the area in which a large amount of sand is used More specifically, the former method requires a large amount of heat energy and time, the latter method requires a step of completely penetrating sand of water for expelling air, yaarb.ij hot, according to the 2o JIS (Japanese Industrial Industry), it is prescribed to dip the sand in water for 2h hours, and a step of dispersing the water contained in the sand.

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It is therefore an object of the invention to provide an improved method and apparatus for quickly and accurately adjusting the amount of water deposited on one granular aggregate. ...

Another object of the invention is to provide cementitious mortars and concrete of an improved quality by using the fine aggregate, the amount of which is the surface area of the water being adjusted to a desired value. According to one aspect. vau, .d ^ .ui ^ in ^ ing .: is a work ..... we provide them for adjusting an amount of liquid deposited on fine particles, i.e. method, which comprises steps of the. consecutive leverep ·. -yan a predetermined amount of fine particles ^ w.8 ^ pj ^ -vlppi? tirf "., fis. Then apply BADOniGig / fl.Q.jj to the fine particles with an impact force greater than "J": than the adhesive force of the liquid to thereby remove the deposited liquid.

In accordance with another aspect of the invention, there is provided a 5 'device for separating liquid from fine particles, which device comprises means for separating the liquid, which means exert an impact force on the fine particles for thus removing excess liquid deposited on the particles, and means for sequentially supplying the fine particles to the means for separating the fluid.

- v "The impact force may be applied by centrifugal force generated by a rotating disc, a conveyor running at a high speed or pressurized gas.

The invention is particularly suitable for adjusting the amount of water on sand used for the preparation of cement mortar and a fresh concrete mixture. The amount of water remaining on the surface of the sand -particles, is used to determine the amount of water, which must then be added to a mixture of sand, gravel and cement.

The invention is further elucidated with reference to the "drawing, in which: ·· 4Γ. Λ · -:" = · fig. 1 is a side view of one example of the device ** J'25 tihg for carrying out the present method, fig. 2 is a longitudinal section of the row shown in fig. 1, - v τ · '>>: f - fig. 3 is a "longitudinal section of another embodiment. *; shape: vhif the water separator, 30 fig, U is the longitudinal section of a portion of a "" - · ahdfe'rè "embodiment of the water separator shown in fig. 3," - "* ·" "/ :, c fig ^ 5 is a side view of the water separator with auxiliary equipment '"·· -' · -" 'fig3. 6 is a longitudinal section of the upper part * - ·· - - · 35- · • v'ah one other: embodiment of the water separator, * bad ori <8KJu0 1 5 0 0 δ £ c »ü 0 2 5 fig. 7 is a spatial view of the bumpers shown in fig. 6, fig. 8 is a section along the line VIII-VIII in fig. 6, 5 fig. 9 is a section according to the line n IX-IX in fig. 6, fig. 10 is a side view, partly in longitudinal section, of another embodiment of the water separator, fig. 11 is a spatial view for clarifying the manner of fixing part of a bump surface, Fig. 12 is a sectional view for illustrating the relationship between the impact surface, a cleaning water supply container, a water absorption container, and a receptacle, Fig. 13 is a sectional view of a portion of means 15 for removing deposited sand particles, FIG. 1U and 15 show other embodiments of the means for removing deposited sand particles, FIG. 16 is a sectional view of another embodiment of the water separator not using a 20 turntable, Figs. 17, 18A, 18b, 19 and 20 show still other output forms of the water separator, c Fig. 21 is a graph showing the result of the removal of the water, - fig. 22 is a longitudinal section of an example of a mixing device, - fig. 23 is a section according to the body: XXIII-XXIII in fig. 22. , rAX '.:. Fig. 2h is a cross-sectional view of a different embodiment of the pressure-exerting chamber. FIGS. 25 and 26 are longitudinal sections of other embodiments of the mixer, U::>; Fig. 27 is a longitudinal section of yet another embodiment of the mixing device, which is: -. - -

Fig. 28 is a section according to 4th line -XXVIII-XXVIII

bath ° 0 0 5 5: 6 in fig. 27, fig. 29 and 30 are spatial views of the mutual arrangement of the main and auxiliary mixing parts, fig. 31 is a longitudinal section of another embodiment of the mixing chamber, fig. 32 is a spatial view of the mixing chamber shown in fig. 31, and fig. 33 and 3 are cross-sections of other embodiments of the mixing parts.

Before describing the drawing in detail, the principle and advantages of the invention are first described.

When excess surface water is removed by heat or wind energy, it is not only difficult to accurately adjust the amount of water deposited on the fine aggregate, but it also requires a large amount of heat energy and time. As described above, according to the invention, the amount of water is adjusted by applying an impact force or velocity energy to the fine aggregate, however, with an improved method, the amount of water that can be effectively removed is variable depending on the amount originally absorbed water. For this reason, the impact force applied to the sand must be determined depending on the amount of water originally absorbed. The impact force or shock can be applied by striking it. however it is more advantageous to use it as speed energy.

When the amount of water deposited is relatively large, it is r; . " use of velocity energy, caused by gravity, effective to remove a certain amount of water.

An advantageous speed energy is that using wind force, twisting force and centrifugal force. One or an assembly of two or more of these velocity energies can be used.

It is also possible to atomize the particles of the coarse aggregate by applying the velocity energy of a twisting force or centrifugal force thereon to collide the atomized particles against a surface for removing BAD ORKglQtQ 1 5 0 0 C D ™. r 7 surface water. Also, when the particles are stationary or fall slowly under the influence of gravity, an impact force can be applied to cause the particles to heat against a rotating body. In any case, the surface water is transferred to the surface or body, against which the particles bump, to adjust the amount of water remaining on its surface. Thus, the amount of residual water is inversely proportional to the strength of the impact force, whereby the amount of residual water can be adjusted to a desired value by appropriately selecting the strength of the impact force. In other words, regardless of the grain size (fine, intermediate or coarse) of a fine aggregate, which usually contains a relatively small amount of water, for example 2-h%, the water can be properly removed by using an appropriate thrust. However, when the amount of water deposited is large, for example, 7-8 # and more, the water can be removed by the impact energy beyond a certain limit, the removal rate being proportional to the impact energy.

A fine aggregate whose amount of deposited water is variable within a relatively small range, for example between 2.5 and 6%, is advantageous for determining the amounts of water and cement to be subsequently incorporated. When the amount of water deposited on the particles of the fine aggregate is reduced or adjusted to a predetermined value, it is possible to easily obtain desired ratios of W / C, C / Z and G / Z, thus ensuring a consistent quality of the product obtained is insured.

From the point of view of installation costs and operating power, it is advantageous to collide the particles of the fine aggregate against a solid surface by using a rotating disk, in which case the particles are supplied at the center portion of the disk before it flew out by the cents of centrifugal force. The sand often contains mod-. :. - clay and clay, deposited on the surface of the 'zahd particles, in which -' gj'1in 'an extreme case the layer of deposited mud or clay the particles

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800 1 5 00 8 of the fine aggregate, which collide thereon, bind together to increase the thickness of the layer. Furthermore, the deposited layer acts as a cushioning layer to reduce the impact force applied to the particles, thereby changing the amount of water deposited even with the same impact force. In such a case, it is necessary to clean the solid surface with water or with a rotary sweeper or by rotating the surface.

In the cold season, water containing sand freezes, in which case the sand is thawed with steam to separate its particles. When sea sand is used, salt contained therein can be removed when the amount of water deposited is reduced by the present process.

Fig. 1 is a side view of an embodiment used for carrying out the present method, the embodiment comprising a water separator A into which a fine aggregate is continuously supplied by a conveyor and the like, and a mixing device B. It is advantageous / that the mixing device B is of a continuous type and is provided with mechanisms C, D and E for receiving a powder of a hydraulic substance, 20 of water and additives such as a dispersing agent.

Although any kind of water separator A according to the invention can be used, the preferred separator shown in Fig. 2 comprises a filling funnel 1 and a turntable 2, which is arranged under the filling funnel 1. The turntable 2 is provided with a central opening 12 for receiving the fine aggregate from the hopper, and with a number of radial blades 7. The turntable 2 is supported by a rotatable sleeve 13, which is supported via bearings 3 by a fixed sleeve 1U. The sleeve 13 is rotated by an electric motor U via discs 5 and 15 and a belt runs around these discs. A ring 6 is disposed about the turntable 2 at an appropriate distance therefrom, which ring is releasably mounted on the inside of a lower, frusto-conical, hollow housing 10. A funnel-shaped receptacle 8 is received in the lower portion of the lower housing 10 with a suitable gap between them. 35 At the discharge opening 18 at the lower end of the receptacle BAD ORI93A0 1 5 00 I, · ..? ' 9, a conveyor 11 is provided for receiving the fine aggregate, which falls down after impacting the ring 6.

The ring 6 is slightly inclined, the top edge of which, if desired, may be bent inwards to prevent the sand particles from spraying upwards. With this construction, the blades 7 can be omitted. By increasing the angle of inclination of the ring, the collection of the sand particles by the receiving member 8 can be improved. A water spray pipe 16 is provided at the bottom end of the hopper 1, where, if desired, a helical or belt-type agitator may be provided at the bottom end of the hopper for regularly applying an appropriate amount of water to the sand particles. The water separated by the impact against the ring falls down, as shown by the dashed-dotted lines, ^ to the bottom of the lower housing 10. -

Pig. 3 shows another embodiment of the water separator A used according to the invention, wherein the underlying arrangement of the hopper 1, the turntable 2, the sleeve 13 and the motor U is generally the same as that of the first embodiment. However, the ring or bump plate 6 against which the sand particles are thrown by the centrifugal force generated by the turntable 2 is disposed between separated upper portions of a bell-shaped receptacle 10 and reinforced by an outer ring 18a secured by screws 19 thereto. This construction allows for easy exchange of the ring 6. The bottom end 20 is curved outwardly to receive the top end of a receptacle 9 carried by a frame 22. A narrow gap is defined between the top end of the receptacle. receptacle 9 and the bulged end 20 to allow passage of the separated water, with dewatered sand particles falling down into the receptacle.

Although not shown in FIG. 3, it is understood that a conveyor is mounted under the receptacle in the same manner as in FIG. 2 for mixing to the blend shown in FIG. device B transporting the sand particles.

BAD0R, Wb 15 00 10

The housing 10 of the water heater shown in Figure 3 may have been modified in the manner shown in Figure 1, wherein various auxiliary equipment may be provided, as shown in Figure 5. As shown in Figure U, a number of telescopic annular members 9a and 9b, connected by connecting members 31 to the upper edge 9c of the receptacle 9 »placed within the ring 6. The upper ends of the respective annular members 9a, 9b and 9c are pointed to define a passage for the passage of air and water together with the inner surface of the housing 10. These knife-edged upper ends further operate to deflect the sand particles moving along the inner surface of the housing 10 towards the interior of the receptacle 9.

An annular turntable 2a, which is slightly inclined downward, as shown by the dashed-dotted lines, may be attached to the turntable 2 for directing the sand particles downward. With this construction, the ejected sand particles are blown against the bottom part of the ring 6, but a centrifugal force, sufficient for separating the sand particles, can be exerted by the inclined auxiliary turning disc 2a, so that the blades 7 can be omitted. In this case, the distances between the annular parts 9a, 9b and 9c and the housing 10 can be made smaller than those shown in Fig. Fc.

When the water separator shown in Fig. K is driven under optimal operating conditions, described below, the material flowing down the inner surface of the house consists mainly of water and mud which can be carried away.

However, optimum operating conditions are not always achieved depending on the properties of the sand particles. In such a case, the material which falls outside the receptacle 9 is separated by the gap between the lower inner surface of the housing 10 and the knife-edged portion 9c into water, mud and sand particles, the latter of which again enters the filling hopper 1. 11 can be loaded by a conveyor and the like. The water component separated by the vat separator can be used to prepare concrete mortar in a subsequent step.

FIG. 5 shows an example of a practice installation designed taking into account the factors described above. More specifically, an elongated, inclined trough 3 ^ is mounted below the lower end of the housing 10, the receptacle 9 being configured as a funnel with the lower end 10 lb thereof opposite a conveyor 11, so that a certain amount of sand particles es. with its amount of water adjusted, accumulates in: the Lower portion of the receptacle 9 for substantially sealing it. A drain pipe 3a is provided between the lower end of the gutter 3¾ and a funnel-shaped water receiver 36, which is contained in a drain water container 35 for accumulating the separated water in the water receiver 36. An inclined endless conveyor 33 with entrails 33a is arranged to discharge solid components collected in the bottom portion of the receptacle 36 from the water container 18.

A drain pipe 32, provided with a suction port 23, is hereby arranged for draining the water in the water container 35 through a suitable pump, not shown, for using the water for preparing cement mortar and concrete. A water supply pipe 25, provided with a height detector 2b, is provided for the water container 35 for always maintaining the pei of the water contained therein at a constant height. If desired, the water supply pipe 25 may open into the channel 3 for cleaning thereof, or open near the discharge end of a conveyor 30, used for loading sand particles into the filling funnel 1, for adding water to these sand particles .

Although the object of the present vessel separator is to adjust the amount of water deposited on the sand particles, that is, the surface water, it is when the sand is essentially dry, that is, only a small amount. water, add water to the sand in the hopper BADORlWo 1 5 00 12 1. As described above, in certain cases the sand contains mud or clay, which tends to adhere to the surface of the ring 6, especially when the water content of the sand is low, so that addition of water is effective. The added water thus removes the mud or clay, deposited on the ring.

When the tendency to deposit mud or clay on the inner surface of the ring 6 is great, a scraper 28 is mounted on the lower end of a shaft 27, which can be rotated 1q by a motor 1 * a at a relatively low speed, for example less than 10 revolutions per minute. A layer of mud deposited on the ring 6 acts as a cushioning layer, so that the effect of adjusting the amount of water by applying impact force is weakened. In addition, the adhering layer of deposited mud retains the sand particles. When such an adhering mud layer is removed by the scraper 28, the efficiency of adjusting the amount of water can be improved.

A screw 29 can be mounted on the vertical shaft 27 for continuously feeding the sand to the turntable 2 from the hopper 1. A change in the amount of sand supplied to the turntable 2 prevents regular adjustment of the water content.

Details of another embodiment of the watershed are shown in Figures 6-9. As shown in fig.

6, a vertical feed pipe 51a, connected to the bottom of a hopper 51, is directed toward the center portion of a turntable 52, with a discharge opening 51b formed on either side at the lower end of the feed pipe 51a. As shown in Fig. 8, the turntable 52 is provided with a number of radial vanes 57 for distributing and ejecting sand particles provided by the discharge openings 51t. As shown in Figs. 7 and 9, the turntable 52 is contained in a inverted saucer rectangular bump 60 so that the ejected sand particles collide with the inner surface 60a of bump 60. The lower BAD orig $ Q 0 15 00 13 end thereof surrounds the upper end of a receptacle 59 with gaps 59a therebetween, water-receiving gutters 58 are mounted near the upper end of the shorter sides of the receptacle for receiving separated water through the slits 59a. A hub bush 5 ^ for carrying the turntable 52 is rotatably supported by a carrier cylinder 56 at the upper center of the bump 60 via bearings 53, a disc 55 being secured to the upper end of the hub bush 5 * »for rotation. of the turntable at a predetermined speed from an unshown electric motor.

The embodiment shown in FIGS. 6-9 operates as follows.

Thus, the sand particles supplied from the hopper 51 are discharged onto the turntable 52 in the determined direction, that is, approximately the center of the longer sides of the bump frame 60 in the case of the example shown in Fig. 9, wherein the turntable 52 ejected sand particles are directed substantially to the shorter sides of the bump frame 60.

The sand particles ejected on the longer sides are guided to the 20 shorter sides by an angle between the ejection and the longer sides. In other words, substantially all parts of the ejected sand particles collide on the shorter sides, where an excess of water is removed by the impact force, thereby collecting sand particles with an appropriate amount of water in the receptacle. The separated water flows down the inner surface 60a of the bump frame 60 and is then taken up by the gutters 58. Mud or clay contained in the original sand is also collected in the gutters 58. In this embodiment, since virtually all of the ejected sand particles are forced to collide on the shorter sides, the efficiency of the water amount adjustment is improved.

Yet another embodiment of the water separator and various embodiments of its components are shown in FIG. 10-15 · In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 10-12, the bump frame 60b is in the form of an inverted BAD ORIGIN ^ 0 1 5 00 truncated cone, and is configured so that the bump surfaces thereof can be swapped. The sand particles from the hopper 51 are forced to collide with the inner surface of the bump to remove excess water. Since the sand particles abrade on the inner surface of the bump frame 60b, it wears out quickly. Thus, a baffle plate 68 is divided into a plurality of sections, each section being secured to the bump frame through a gasket 68b by a fastener 68e, as shown in Figs. 10 and 11. For interchanging a section, it becomes oblique. placed by a handle 68a and then pulled out of the bump frame 60b through an opening 60c. Around the lower rim portion 60d, a portion of the bump frame 60b is provided with an annular water container 62. Cleaning water is supplied in the water container 62 through an inlet port 62a to a height higher than the upper rim of the rim region 60d by a distance h. The purpose of the cleaning water is to prevent stagnation of mud, which is in the water. The water flows through a discharge port 62b into a water receiving gutter 58. The water also flows along the inner surface of the edge-20 portion 62d to the water receiving gutter 58.-

When the water separator is used in the field, the sand particles tend to adhere to the inner surface of the receptacle 59 · To prevent this tendency, a vibrator 61 is mounted in the receptacle 59 · The sand particles 25 adhere in particular to the upper part of the receptacle, so that means for removing the deposited sand particles are provided for the upper part, as shown in Figs. 13, 1U and 15

In the example shown in Fig. 13, an air bag 67 is placed between the side wall 59a of the receptacle 59, and a hard rubber ring 66. By changing the air pressure in the air bag 67 at intervals. the sand particles deposited on the inner surface of the hard rubber ring 66 can be easily removed. In the example shown in Figure 1U, only the hard rubber ring 66 is secured to the top edge of the collection BAD0R, <Wu 15 00 15 holder 59. Even with this simple construction, the hard rubber ring 66 vibrates. brought by the sand particles blown on it, so that the deposited sand eggs come loose. In the example shown in Figure 15, a hard rubber ring 66a is secured to the top portion 59a of the receptacle 59 with an appropriate air gap 65 therebetween. With the construction shown in Fig. 15, the hard rubber ring 66a can vibrate more freely to more effectively remove the deposited sand particles.

Since in the above-described water separator, the mud deposited on the rim region 60, and the sand particles deposited on the upper portion of the receptacle, increase in volume over time, these deposited substances prevent a regular flow of water and sand particles, thus it is clear that the use of the means for removing deposited substances is very advantageous. When a turntable equipped with vanes is used, an air flow is provided along the wall surfaces, which air flow is more or less effective in preventing deposition, however, when the sand particles are deposited, this flows regularly of 20 the air, and grows quickly.

Fig. 16 shows another example of the water separator, which removes excess water by an impact force without application of the centrifugal force generated by the turntable. In this embodiment, a fine aggregate, ie, sand, is loaded into the hopper 1 by a conveyor 71, and then delivered to a horizontal rotor 77, provided with a plurality of radial vanes 79 by a metering member 76, which sequentially sand in a certain amount. The rotor 77 is rotated by an electric motor 7 *, to exert a certain impact force on the sand particles received by the rotor. At the front of the rotor 77, first through third hoppers 81, 85 and 86 are arranged to receive sand particles which are ejected by the rotor 77 in the forward direction. Each hopper is provided with a discharge slide 83 for discharging sand particles collected in the hopper.

BADORIGIN / & 0 0 1 5 00 16

More specifically, the first hopper 8U is used to pick up water and mud deposited on the sand particles, the second and third hoppers 85 and 86 being used to pick up sand particles whose surface water is modified . The filling funnel 86 collects coarse sand particles.

Generally speaking, the sand particles that the rotor collides with are ejected over different distances depending on the mass of the sand particles. The water content adheres to the blades and collects at the tip thereof by centrifugal force, and is then discharged into the hopper 81 in the form of droplets. A cover 200 is provided to cover the hoppers 8U, 85 and 86 separated by adjustable intermediate plates 81.

As described above, with the water separator shown in Fig. 16, an excess of water is removed by an impact force, the sand particles being classified according to a grain size. Since the amount of water remaining on the treated sand particles differs depending on the grain size, this embodiment of the water separator is particularly suitable for a fine aggregate containing particles of different sizes because the sand particles are classified according to their size . Accordingly, the sand particles collected in each of the hoppers 85 and 86 have substantially the same grain size, with the amount of water remaining on the sand particles also remaining substantially the same.

Still other embodiments of the water separator are shown in Figures 1T and 18.

According to FIG. 17, the fine aggregate, that is, sand, is forced to fall between a pair of hard rubber rotors 75 parallel to one another, which rotors are rotated at a speed greater than that of the falling sand, which is then discharged downward to collide with an inclined baffle plate 78 secured by a fastener 78e. Thereby, the water deposited on the surface of the sand particles is separated, the sand particles BAD originA® 0 15 00 17 being deflected to the left, as shown by the drawn arrows, and led out through a discharge port 73. The separated water and the separated mud are collected in a gutter 7 ^ · Cleaning water is supplied to and discharged from a storage container 62 through inlet and outlet ports 62a and 62b in the same manner as in the embodiment shown in Fig. 12 for washing away on the back of the rim portion 62d of mud accumulated. The sand particles can be ejected in the horizontal direction or slightly down in the same manner as in the fig.

Furthermore, two or more pairs of rotors 75 may be arranged side by side to increase the amount of sand to be treated.

In yet another embodiment, shown in Fig. 18a, the sand particles falling from the hopper are ejected at high speed against an inclined baffle plate 78, secured by a fastener 78e, by means of a pair of conveyors 72, which are moved at a high speed. running, providing cleaning water to an edge portion 62d at a lower location than the impact plate 78 to prevent mud from adhering to the inner surface of the edge portion. The high speed conveyor belts 72 exert a high speed energy on the ejected sand particles regardless of the amount thereof. When it is not desirable to operate the conveyor belts 72 at a high speed, the upper conveyor belt 72 is replaced by a rotatable member 80 disposed at the discharge end of the lower conveyor belt to thereby provide the required speed energy. When the conveyor belts are operating at a high speed, the sand particles tend to bounce and splash, reducing the efficiency of providing the speed energy. With the construction shown in Fig. 18B, it is possible to efflate water efficiently without the sand particles falling away from the conveyor. If it is not desirable to emit the sand particles in the horizontal direction against gravity, the sand particles can descend in the same manner as in Fig. 17.

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80 0 1 5 00 18 are knocked.

In the embodiment shown in Fig. 19, the sand particles from the hopper 1 are supplied to a high pressure air nozzle 98 through a metering device 97 for ejecting the particles against the baffle plate 78 by the velocity energy of the high pressure air, resulting in excess surface water will be removed. As before, the inner surface of the rim portion is cleaned by the cleaning vessel.

Because, in accordance with the above-described embodiments, almost all sand particles, provided with a high speed energy, are forced to collide with the baffle plate, it wears out quickly, so that it is necessary to replace it at short intervals.

The embodiment shown in Figure 20 is designed to overcome this problem, which embodiment includes a spaced apart conveyor belts 95 for imparting high speed energy to the sand particles so that they collide in a space between the conveyors thus spraying the water removed from the sand particles in the space. A motor driven fan 2k1 is used to exhaust air, which entrains the sprayed water, out through a line 212, which may contain a mist separator, not shown. While not all of the ejected sand particles collide with this construction, only a small amount of the ejected sand particles collide with an inverse funnel-shaped baffle plate 212, so that wear is small.

With the embodiment shown in Fig. 20, the impact force is different for different sand particles, so that the amount of water remaining on the sand particles is not always the same. To overcome this problem, a baffle plate 23 ^, shown by dashed-dotted lines, may be arranged between the conveyor belts 235. When sand particles are ejected containing mud, the baffle plate 9 ^ is taken out through a window, not shown, and cleaned up. The baffle plate 23 can be a thick casting.

In each of the embodiments described above, a substantially constant impact force is supplied to the fine aggregate to thereby remove excess water. As long as the impact force exceeds the adhesion force of the water to the particles of the fine aggregate, it is possible to remove excess water. The water removed flows down the baffle plate, allowing the particles of the fine aggregate to fall or be moved outward.

The result of the watershed accomplished by the present watershed is shown in Fig. 21.

As can be seen from the curves shown in Fig. 21, irrespective of the difference in the amount of surface water, which depends on the grain size, after the treatment a substantially equal amount of water remains on the sanded eggs as long as the amount of surface water exceeds a pre-determined limit prior to treatment. Scythe when the amount of original water is less than the predetermined limit, an amount of water proportional to the original water amount can be removed. As the impact force is increased by increasing the speed of the turntable, the amount of water remaining after the treatment decreases, and vice versa, but the shape of the resulting curves corresponds to that shown in FIG. 21. In order to make the amount of water remaining after treatment equal, an amount of water is therefore added to the fine aggregate to adjust its original water amount to more than, for example, 152.

In the embodiment shown in Figure 1, water is added to the mixer B in two phases to be mixed with the fine aggregate treated by the water separator A.

More specifically, in the first stage, water is added to the treated fine aggregate with a water sprayer D1, the aggregate being intimately mixed to apply an equal amount of water to the particles involved.

Then, a powder of a hydraulic substance, for example, BAD ORIGIN® J-Q 015 00 20 cement, is added, through an additive C, and mixed with the fine aggregate to form cement casings around the particles of the fine aggregate. An additional amount of water is added by a water additive D1, after which the mixture is kneaded. The casings thus formed are sufficiently stable to withstand the subsequent addition of water and kneading. Accordingly, the construction formed with this mixture has high mechanical strength. After picking up the hydraulic material, the mixture can be transported to a remote location.

It is clear that according to the invention it is not always necessary to add water in two phases and to add the hydraulic substances between the water additives. So water can be added at once. The fine aggregate, the amount of surface water of which is adjusted to a predetermined value by an impact force, determines the amount of water, which must then be added to prepare a kneaded mixture, acceptably water to cement ratio W / C , the ratio of sand to cement Z / C and other factors of the mixture formation are determined to provide uniformity and increase the mechanical strength of the products. Although a coarse aggregate can be added at any stage, it is advantageous to add it immediately prior to the addition of the primary water.

A preferred example of the mixing device is shown in Figure 22, which device comprises a mixing chamber 110 containing a screw mechanism 10U. As shown in Fig. 23, the mixing chamber 110 has a U-shaped cross-sectional shape, lined with a resilient film 105. Pressure-exerting chambers 106 are provided on the outside of the resilient film 105 for compression thereof. Fine aggregate, adapted in terms of its surface water, and coarse aggregate are fed into the mixing chamber 110 at its left end from fill hoppers 101 and 103 through a conveyor belt 111. A predetermined amount of water is then added from a water container 11k BAD ORIGINAL 0 0 1 5 00 21 through a pipe 115 containing a valve 115a ". Secondary water is admitted into the intermediate portion of the mixing chamber 110 from the water container 11U through a branch pipe 116 containing a valve 116a.

One or more additives, such as a dispersant, a retarder, an accelerator, etc., are supplied to the branch pipe 116a from a container 117 through a pipe 110 which includes a valve 118a. When it is not desired to simultaneously accommodate a number of kinds of additives, a number of independent containers, each containing a certain addition, can be mounted. At the rear or right end, a discharge port 109 is formed for discharging kneaded mixture into a receptacle 120. The mixture in the receptacle is transported to a workshop by a container carriage, a pipe, a conveyor and the like.

The pressure-exerting chamber 106 is sealed, and is supplied with compressed air or water. When a pulsating press fluid is supplied, it is easy to remove the mixture adhering to the resilient film 105. The pressurizing chambers 106 contain resilient tubes 8. However, the tubes 8 can be replaced with sponge rubber or a hair stone (a mixture of human and animal hairs bonded by latex or a synthetic resin binder, and provided with substantial resilience). Although the pressure-exerting chamber 106 may be arranged along the entire bottom length of the mixing chamber 110, it is advantageous to apply a number of spaced-apart pressure-exerting chambers 106 as shown in Fig. 22. This construction prevents excessive bulging of the the resilient foil in the mixing chamber to thereby interfere with the operation of the screw mechanism 10H.

When the mixer shown in Figure 22 is used to prepare mixtures, such as mortar and concrete, a cement powder is supplied to the mixing chamber 110 from a liner 102 through a metering member 112. The action between the sand filler funnel 101 and the cement container 102 comprises a first step I, the operation between the tent holder 102 and the secondary water supply pipe 116 comprising a second step II, and the operation between the

BAD ORIGINAL

800 1 5 00 22 pipe 116 and the discharge port 109 comprise a third step III. More specifically, for the preparation of mortar or cement, in the first step I, an amount of water necessary to prepare the final mixture is added to the mixture of sand and gravel through the pipe 115, the water content of the mixture is made even by the screw mechanism IOU. Then, a metered amount of cement is incorporated into the mixture to form a stable cement casing around the involved sand particles in the second step II.

In the third step, in the preparation of a cement mortar, the secondary water is added through the pipe 116 together with one or more desired additives. With the compound shown in FIG. 22, the additive is first mixed with a large amount of secondary water in the pipe 116 so that even an additive of high viscosity can be regularly mixed.

Instead of using a single resilient tube 108, as shown in Fig. 23, a number of juxtaposed tubes 108 can be used, as shown in Fig. 2k. With this construction it is not necessary to make the pressure-exerting chamber 2Q 106 sufficiently airtight. Furthermore, the tubes 108, which must be airtight, cannot be damaged by the friction caused by the screwing mechanism 10U. When water is filled into the tubes 108, the internal pressure thereof can be easily adjusted by simply changing the height of a water container. For example, the water container may be in a location about 1.5 to 2 meters higher than that of the tubes 108. It has been found that this height of the water container is sufficient to prepare an acceptable cement mortar and concrete.

As shown in Fig. 23, additional pressure-applying chambers 126, each of which contains a resilient tube, may be disposed above the screw mechanism 10U. The resilient tubes 128 not only support the operation of the resilient tube 108 at the bottom of the mixing chamber, but also reinforce the U-shaped resilient foil * 105, especially when this BAD ORIGIN ^ 0 1 5 00 23 in more or to a lesser extent, it is aged or stretched, thus maintaining a desired sealing relationship with the 10U screw mechanism.

The discharge port 109 may be provided on one side of the mixing chamber 110, as shown in Fig. 22, because this construction can contain the mixture along the entire length of the mixing chamber, so that even when the mixture has a considerably high fluidity, the overall length of the mixing chamber can be used effectively.

Figures 25 and 26 show other embodiments of the mixers. Thus, while the mixing chamber 110 in FIG. 22 consists of a single one-piece, the mixing chamber 110 shown in FIGS. 25 and 26 consists of a number of sections. In the example shown in Figure 25, the mixing chamber 110 more particularly includes a plurality of downwardly staggered joined portions 110a, 110b and 110c, which portions are at different heights. A sand container 101, a water container 121 and a first portion 10U a driven by a motor are provided for the first portion 110a. A water content measuring device 122 is provided 20 for the sand container 101 to measure the water content of the sand treated by the vat separator A, as described above, to thereby control the amount of water supplied from the water container 121. The second portion 110b includes a second portion 10Ub of the screw mechanism, and a hopper 110e for receiving the mixture with sand and water from the first portion 110a, and a metered amount of cement from the cement container 102. The third portion 110c includes a hopper 110d for receiving kneaded mixture from the second section 110b, and secondary water from a water container 123 and a discharge port 109 at 3q the end of the third section and connected to a discharge pipe 12U for conveying the obtained mixture to a receptacle 120 .

The part 10Ub of the screw mechanism is fixed Mn a hollow tube, which comprises the second part, which hollow tube 35 is turned by a motor Mg via a pinion and a sprocket BAD ORIGIN A 0 0 15 00 2h 13I *, fixed to the " tube A horizontal axis 135 extends through the third portion 110c and is driven by a motor My The horizontal axis 135 includes a number of blades 36, which blades are positioned at a predetermined angle to ensure regular to blend.

In the embodiment shown in Fig. 26, portions 110a, 110b and 110c are arranged coaxially to form a continuous mixing chamber. Portions 10Ua, 10 ^ b and 10Uc are mounted on a common shaft 1kO, driven by a motor Mjy located at the left end of the mixing chamber.

The second and third portions 110b and 110c are rotated by the motors and in a direction opposite to that of the blade and 10 * tb and 10Uc to improve mixing efficiency. For adding the secondary water at the same location as shown in Fig. 25, the shaft 100 in at least the third section is hollow for supplying water from a water container 133 through openings 133a at one end of the third section 110c.

Although the construction with some parts of the mixing chamber shown in Figs. 25 and 26 is more or less complicated, it is because the volume of the contents of the parts concerned is variable due to the ingredients added therein, possibly the relevant sections for recording a content with variable volume. Mixer of various types can be used in the affected areas as shown.

Another example of the mixer to be used in the invention is shown in Figures 27 and 28. As shown, the mixing chamber has a U-shaped cross-sectional shape, and a length sufficient to complete the complete mixing and knees. A horizontally rotatable shaft 159 extends through the mixing chamber 160, and is provided with a number of mixing parts 158, which parts are arranged substantially along a helical line. The angles of inclination and pitch of the respective mixing parts are different according to the mixing steps. Sand whose water content has been adjusted by the water separator A described above is supplied to BAD ORIGINA? 0 0 1 5 0 0 25 the left end of the first section I through a conveyor belt 151 · The primary water is added in substantially the same place through a water pipe 155 · Coarse aggregate, i.e. gravel, is added from a gravel holder 155a on the connection between the U first and second portions I and II, cement being added from a cement container 155c to the gravel container 155a. The secondary water and the addition are taken up on the connection between the second and third parts II and III through pipes 155b and 155d. Subsequent mixing parts 158 are still relatively small auxiliary mixing parts 157 mounted on the parts of the shaft 159 in the first and second parts I and II. These auxiliary mixers 157 are inclined in a direction opposite to that of the main mixers 158. If the direction of the auxiliary mixers is the same as that of the main mixers, the angle of inclination of the auxiliary mixers is made larger than that of the main mixers. The main and auxiliary mixers are inclined and are arranged along continuous screw-like lines.

As shown in Figs. 29, 30, 33 and 31, the main mixers are separated by more than 30 ° along the circumference of the rotary shaft 159 and are designed such that each main mixer extends at an angle of at least 360 °. As shown in Figs. 29 and 30, the auxiliary mixers 157 have a smaller height than the main mixers 158, the auxiliary mixers 157 being used in the case shown in Fig. 30 for carrying the main mixers 158.

As shown in Figs. 33 and 3, both the main and auxiliary mixers 158 and 157 are secured to the pivot shaft 159 by means of appropriate fasteners 156.

In the construction shown in Figs. 27-37, the speed of movement of the mixture to the discharge opening 166 depends on the angle of inclination of the mixing parts 157 and 158 relative to the axis of rotation 159, corresponding to the change in the mass of the mixed charged composition. When only the weight is considered, the speed of movement is minimal at the loading end, and maximal at the discharge end, however, in the present method, where the water content of the mixture is variable, the problem was not original 8 () 0 15 00 26 20 is simple. Thus, the volume is also variable between a case where it has a relatively small amount of water, for example 2-3¾, and a case where sand contains much more water. In a relatively dry mixture, provided with cement, which forms shells, the volume thereof shows a maximum, where when water is added to increase the fluidity of the mixture, its weight increases, but the volume decreases sharply. In the step shown in Fig. 27, in which the primary water is added to smooth the surface water, the angle of inclination of the main mixers 157 is taken as the norm, with the auxiliary mixers 157 being inclined in opposite directions to achieve a relatively low feed rate. In the second step II, the angle of inclination of the main mix parts 158 is made relatively large, as shown in Fig. 29, with the angle of inclination of the auxiliary mix parts 157 being made larger so as to obtain a higher feed rate, thereby so a mass increase in step II is possible. In the step III, after the absorption of the secondary water, the fluidity increases, so that the volume is further reduced. For this reason, in step III, the angle of inclination of the main mixers 158 is taken as a standard for reducing the feed rate from that in step II. For the reason described above, with a mixing chamber 160 having a constant cross-sectional area, the mixture can be mixed with a constant surface height regardless of the change in mass.

At the discharge port 166, the surface height of the mixture decreases rapidly when the mixture is discharged, so that it is advantageous to provide an auxiliary mixing part 157a in this section to maximize the residence time of the mixture in this section. The mixture discharged through port 166 is received by the receptacle 170, the discharged mixture also being conveyable by a conduit or a pump.

While in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 27-30, the change in mass is smoothed by changing the angle of inclination of the mixing members 158, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 31 and badorTOi500 27 32, the change in the mass equalized by changing the volume of the mixing chamber 160. More specifically, the height of the side walls member of the mixing chamber 160 at the portion II is increased to increase the volume 5 thereof. Since in the step of forming cement casings around the sand particles and the amount of water between the sand particles is very small, their fluidity even when the volume of the mixture increases is small, the change in mass can be compensated for by simply increasing of the height of the 10 side walls l60d. Even when the high sidewalls 160d are fitted, the cross-sectional shape of the mixing chamber 160 is generally U-shaped, so that the transfer of the mixture can be effectively performed by the oblique mixing parts 158, the portion of the mixture being spherical reaches up 15 in the section II, is subjected to an effective mixing operation. When the pitch of the mixing parts in the portion II is properly selected, effective mixing and kneading of the mixture can be ensured at a relatively short length of the portion II.

The embodiments shown in Figs. 27-30 are suitable for preparing a large amount of cement mortar and cement mixture of excellent quality.

The invention is further illustrated by the following examples.

EXAMPLE I..

For this example, the device shown in FIG. 2 was used, which was equipped with a turntable 2 with a diameter of 100 mm and driven by the motor at a speed of 1100 revolutions per minute. Fine river sand, that 3.98? water and had a fineness modulus (FM) of 1.28 mm, which W ... i FM was determined according to the equation FM = P ^ / 100, where P is the weight percent aggregate remaining in a sieve n with a mesh size of 0.15, 0.3, 0.6, 1.2, 2, 5 or 5.0 mm, where the amount of surface water was variable between 25% and 25%, was supplied to the turntable 2 for impacting the sand particles against the impact plate. The feed rate of the water containing the sand to the hopper 1 was changed in a range of 50 to θ6θ kg / min, with the water content of the sand conveyed by the conveyor 11 at 9, -10.1 / 5 was measured, showing that the amount of surface water was essentially the same. When the speed of the turntable 2 was increased to 5,000 revolutions per minute, the amount of surface water was measured at 6.06-6.38 / 5, showing that the amount of surface water was significantly reduced relative to the amount. when turning the turntable at a slower speed, and the change in the amount of surface water was much smaller.

EXAMPLE II

Using the same device as used in Example I, • were sand particles of an intermediate size containing 2.25? water and with an FM of 2.28 mm, treated in the same way. In this example, however, water was added to the sand at the exit of the hopper 1 at a rate of 1 liter / min. When the turntable 2 was rotated at a speed of 1100 revolutions per 2 minute, the water content of the treated sand was equal to U, 7-5.3?, Which showed that the amount of surface water was reduced because the treated sand had a greater grain size. However, it was found that the range within which the amount of surface water was variable was narrowed. In contrast, when the speed of the 25 turntable 2 was increased to 5000 revolutions per minute, the amount of surface water within a narrower range was from U.33 to lt.85? changeable.

EXAMPLE III

Coarse sand, from a source other than that, used in Example 1 and with a water content of 3.31? and an FM of 2.96 mm was treated in the same manner as in Example II. More specifically, when turning the turntable 2 at a relatively low speed of 1100 revolutions per minute, the amount of surface water was 3.3-1.2, which amount at a higher rotational speed of 5000 revolutions per minute was 3, 2-3.52? BADORIGlftfi® ^ 5 00 29 which showed a narrower range.

EXAMPLE IV

In this example, the apparatus shown in FIGS. 1 * and 5 was used, with the turntable 2 having a diameter of 1 * 50 mm being rotated by the motor 1 at a speed of 1250 revolutions per minute. River sand with an intermediate size, J a water content of 2.25? and an FM of 3.2755 was collided with the baffle 6. Water containing sand was fed into the hopper 1 at a speed of 25 m / h. 5.1 * 0 Liter / min, 1q water was sprayed on the sand during transport thereof by the conveyor 30. The treated sand collected in the bottom part of the receptacle 9 »was transported by the conveyor 11. The transported sand samples were taken every minute to measure the water content of the treated sand. The measured water content was in the range of 8.79-8.9355, where it was found that the amount of surface water was substantially the same, ie from 6.5 ** to 6.5855. The amount of sand recovered after the treatment was 2U, 1 m / h, which showed a high yield of 96.2%. The amount not recovered mainly consisted of mud.

When the speed of the turntable 2 was increased to 15ΟΟ revolutions per minute, the water content of the treated sand was 6.92-7 * 01 * 55 (surface water amount was 1 *, 66-1 *, 77?). At a higher speed of 1750 revolutions per minute, the water content of the treated sand was 5.79-5.8855 (the amount of surface water was 3.53-3.625 *). In any case, therefore, the amount of surface water was reduced and remained essentially the same. The amount of treated and recovered sand was 2U, 28m 2 / h for 1500 revolutions per minute, and 2L *, 52 m / h for 1750 revolutions per minute.

EXAMPLE V

The same apparatus as used in Example IV was used to treat intermediate size sea sand, water content 2.1 * 6, salt content 0.33? and a 35 FM of 2.62 mm. In this example, 30 liters / minute of water was added BAD ORIGII & 0 0 1 5 0 0 30 to the sand during its transportation by the conveyor.

In this example, when the turntable was rotated at a slow speed, the water content of the treated sand was 8.56-8.71 # (surface water amount was 6, HO-6.55 #). Since the sand was coarse, even at the same rotational speed of the disc, the amount of surface water thereof was reduced. Although the treated sand still contained 0.03 # of salt, it could be used to prepare fresh mortar and fresh concrete due to the formation of the cement casings, the amount of sand recovered being 3 IQ m / h.

When the turntable 2 was rotated at a speed of 1500 revolutions per minute, the water content of the treated sand was 6.76-6.83 # (the amount of surface water was k, 30-U, 37 #), then the speed of the turntable was raised to 1750 revolutions per minute, the water content of the treated sand was 5.51-5.58 # (the amount of surface water was 3.05-3.12 #, showing that the change in water content was also small). The salt contents were 0.028 # and 0.027 # for 1500 revolutions per minute and 1750 revolutions per minute, 20 where sand with such a salt content could be used to prepare a concrete mixture.

To remove salt, it is necessary to use clean water in an amount at least equal to that of .3 the sea sand, so that it is necessary to remove salt from 25 m 3 of 25 sea sand, 25-80 mJ of clean water to use. In accordance with this example, in contrast, the amount of water added to the sea sand was only 30 liters / min. or 1.8 cm / hour.

When salt is removed by spraying water on sea sand, the salt is not removed regularly. For example, although the average amount of the residual water is 0.03 #, it is variable between 0.002 # and 0.150 #, which means that a significant amount of the washed-out water contains more than 0.0 * 1 # of the residual salt , which is the permissible upper limit. According to this example, when water was added to the sea sand, it was transported by 800 1 5 00

BAD ORIGINAL

31 the conveyor, at a rate of only 30 liters / min, the amount of the residual salt was only 0.007-0.030 $, because the more water separation was effected by the impact force.

EXAMPLE VI

Fine particles of a water-powdered slag, provided with an FM of 2.53 mm and with 2.90% water, were treated in the same manner as in Example IV.

More specifically, when the water 1q was removed at a rotational speed of 1250 revolutions per minute from the disc 2, the slag content was 099-9.27 $ (the amount of surface water was 6.09-6.37 $), where the water content at a rate of 1750 revolutions per minute had decreased to $ 6.19-6.28 (surface water amount was U, 29-h, $ 38),

O O O

15 and the amount of sand recovered was 2 ^, 0 m, 2k, 3m and 2k, 51nr at the speeds of 1250, 1500 and 1750 revolutions per minute.

EXAMPLE VII

In this example, the device shown in Figures 6-9 was used. Carbon with a grain size of 0.15-5nnn 20 and 3-15 $ surface water was treated with the device. The feed rate was selected in the range of 80-200 kg / min.

The rotary member 52 was provided with blades 250 mm long between the centerline and the outer end, which rotary member was rotated at a speed of 1500 revolutions per minute to remove water from the carbon. After the treatment, the carbon contained 1.2-2.3 surface water, demonstrating regular water removal. Thus, mud on the carbon particles was effectively separated.

EXAMPLE VIII

In this example, the apparatus shown in Figures 10, 11 and 12 was used to remove water from blast furnace slag containing 20.5-57.5% surface water.

The rotating part 52 had a radius of 300 mm and was rotated at a speed of 2000 revolutions per minute. The treated snail contained 12-15 $ surface water. The grain size of the snail BADORIG0WO 15 00 32 was more than 0.1 meters, which can be classified.

EXAMPLE IX

The apparatus shown in Figs. 6-9 was used, in this example, mineral particles with a water content of 2 & k6% and a grain size of less than 3 mm were pre-heated to about 80 ° C and then supplied to the filler -ter 1.

The pivot member 52 was provided with vanes with a length of 250 mm between the centerline and the ends thereof. The turntable was rotated at a speed of 1850 revolutions per minute, heating the ram plate 60a to about 60 ° C. After the . treatment, the amount of oil remaining on the mineral particles was 4.8-5.355, demonstrating essentially regular oil removal.

In accordance with a known method of removing oil, which is contained in mineral particles, it is removed by evaporation. For this it is necessary to heat the particles at the high temperature of 500 ° C for a considerable time while stirring them. Furthermore, it is necessary to recover the evaporated oil by condensation, which requires expensive equipment. In contrast, the present device is simple in construction, and consumes less operating energy.

The invention is further elucidated by means of the following examples, which show applications of the fine particles from which the water has been removed by the described method and device.

EXAMPLE X

For cement mortar preparation in a conventional manner, nearly completely dried river sand of intermediate size, further water and 956 kg of cement were used at a C / Z ratio of 1: 1 and a W / C ratio of 35 µm. . 765 kg of a dispersion agent in the form of lignin sulfonic acid was added and the mixture was kneaded. The resulting mixture developed a significant amount of air bubbles and had a flowability of 42 s when measured with a J funnel, which had a diameter of 6.5 cm on the inlet side, a height of 65 cm and a diameter of 1.0 cm on the discharge side. The 3-hour crystallization rate was 6 ?. The product formed with this mortar had a compressive strength of 3 * 7 µm / cm, 1, 8 kN / cm and 5.5 kN / cm to 3.7 and 28 days, respectively. The coefficient of variation after 28 days of 15.3?

The same sand was drained of water according to the example of Example IV using the apparatus shown in Figure k. When the turntable was rotated at a speed of 1750 revolutions per minute, the surface water after treatment was 3.53. Cement, water (total water minus remaining water) and a dispersant were added. the treated sand added in amounts to obtain the same W / Z and W / C ratios as described above. Na. kneading for 2 minutes, a cementitious mortar was obtained with a fluidity of 13 s when measured with a J funnel, the percent breeze being 0.5? was after 3 hours. The products formed with this mortar had a compressive strength of 5.2 kN / cm, 6.8 kN / cm and 2 7.7 kN / cm after 3.7 and 28 days, respectively, with the coefficient of variation U.8? The water content of the same intermediate size sand was reduced at a rotational speed of 1750 revolutions per minute of the turntable to adjust the amount of surface water to 3.53. After regularly recording 16, U7? Primary water through the sand thus treated, an amount of cement sufficient to obtain a C / Z * 1: 1 ratio was added, after which the mixture was mixed to form cement wafers with a W / C ratio of 20? around the sand particles. After adding 15? secondary water and 0.8? of a dispersant, the mixture was kneaded to obtain cementitious mortar with a fluidity of 19s and a percent breeze of 0 after 3 hours. The compressive strength of the products formed with this mortar was 6.1 kN / cm, 7.2 kN / cm and 8.1 KN / cm after 3.7 and 28 days, respectively, with the coefficient of variation 2.2? used to be. Compared to products achieved by a known method, the present products had a higher compressive strength, and were more stable.

badorigin ^ qq 1 5 00 3k

EXAMPLE XI

The same amount of the same sand as in Example X, but · not dewatered in accordance with the present process, 31 * 7 kg of cement, 3.5 kg of dispersant and water were mixed with each other / to obtain a mortar with ratios C / Z 1: 2, C / G = 1: 3.6 and W / C - h2% for the preparation of mortar with a sagging capacity of 2.1 cm, and considerable breeze formation and air bubbles. The compressive strength of the products formed with this mortar was 2.0 kN / cm, 2.8 kN / cm and 3.3 kN / cm for 3.7 and 28 days, respectively, the coefficient of variation being 17, ^ ¾ .

A similar mortar was prepared except that the surface water was reduced to 3.53¾. The mortar had a subsidence of 8.2 cm less than 2.5 minutes after kneading, and showed some demixing and freezing. The 2 2 15 products formed with this mortar had a compressive strength of 2.7 kN / cm, 3.1 * kN / cm and 2 1 *, 7 kN / cm after 3.7 and 28 days, respectively, and a coefficient of variation of 8 , 2¾, showing an increase in strength by 50¾ and consistent quality.

6.1 * 7¾ Of the primary water was added to the same 20 river sand, the amount of surface water of which was adjusted to $ 3.53, adding the same amount of sand as described above to form cement casings, the W / C ratio of which was 20¾ used to be. Then gravel, 22¾ secondary water and 1¾ of a dispersant, based on the amount of cement, were taken up and kneaded together to obtain a concrete mixture with a drop value of 11.6 cm. The product formed with this concrete mixture had a compressive strength of 3.0 kN / cm, 2 2 3.7 kN / cm and 5.0 kN / cm, after 3, 7 and 28 days, respectively, and a coefficient of variation of 5.1¾, which showed an increase in compressive strength by 50¾ and a constant product.

EXAMPLE XII

1.5% by volume of steel fibers were added to a concrete mixture with the same composition as that of Example XI. In this example, the sand was not dewatered according to the present method. The concrete mix obtained had a BAD ORIGIN & 10 0 15 00 35 subsidence value of 1.5 cm and showed a strong demixing and breeze formation. The flexural strength of the concrete product formed with this concrete mixture was 0.58 ki / cm after 28 days.

In contrast, a similar concrete mixture 5 using the same sand, dewatered by the present method, had a subsidence value of 7.5 cm immediately after kneading, showing slight demixing and freezing. However, a concrete product formed with this concrete composition

O

showed a flexural strength of 0.7 0 kn / cm after 28 days.

10 A concrete mixture using dehydrated sand particles, formed with cement casings with a ratio of W / C. of about 20% and taken up with steel fibers, had a sag value of 12.8 cm, and did not show a breeze. The concrete product formed with this concrete mixture had a flexural strength of 0.90 ki / cm2 after 28 days.

EXAMPLE XIII

The same river sand as in Examples X-XII was used. 350 kg of cement, 1120 kg of sand, 700 kg of coarse aggregate and 10.5 kg of a fast-curing agent were mixed in the dry state. The resulting mixture was transported with high pressure air to a workshop where water was added in an amount to obtain a W / C ratio of 50 ?. The resulting concrete mixture was blown through a blowing nozzle against a vertical wall. The amount of recoil was more than 25 35 · When blowing against the wall of a tunnel, the amount of generated dust was about 750 CPM. 28 Days after the blowing, 2 the concrete had a compressive strength of 2.3 kN / cm and a variation coefficient of 1U, 5 ?.

The concrete mixture with the same composition as in Examples X-XII except that the amount of surface water was adjusted to 3.53? Was prepared, which concrete mixture was blown under the same conditions, showing that the amount of recoil was 18? and the amount of dust generated was 3 ^ 0 CPM. The blown concrete had a compressive strength of 3.6 ki / cm after 28 days, and a variation coefficient of 5.3.

BATH ORIGINAL 0 0 1 5 00 36

The same sand with the surface water adjusted to 3.53% and an amount of cement were mixed to form cement casings with a W / C ratio of 20%. Then, an amount of water to ensure a W / C ratio of 3 *, 2% and 0.6% by weight of cement, of a dispersant was added to prepare a high fluidity mortar. The mortar was conveyed under pressure through a pipe. Another dry mixture was prepared at ratios C / Z * 1: 3 * 01 and Z / A (A represents a coarse aggregate) of 10 56%, and conveyed under pressure through another pipe. The two mixtures were mixed in the workplace at a ratio of.

1: 1.75 in volume together with an appropriate amount of a fast curing agent. The concrete composition * suitable for blowing * had a W / C ratio of 2% and contained 352 kg of cement and was blown against a wall. The amount of recoil at the time of blowing was 8.9%, the amount of dust generated being 72 CPM

2. The compressive strength of the blown concrete after 28 days was 5.3 kN / cm, the coefficient of variation being 3.2%. Compressive strength was increased by 100% and the coefficient of variation was reduced to 1/5 compared to a conventional concrete mix.

EXAMPLE XIV

In this example, the water separator A shown in Figure 16 was used in conjunction with the mixing device B shown in Figure 27. An intermediate size river sand (containing 23% water and 3-27% surface water). ) with an FM of 2.1 was treated by the water separator A.

The rotating part 77 was provided with blades 79 with a length of 225 mm, and was rotated at a speed of 1250 revolutions per minute. The water containing sand was supplied to the hopper 1 at a rate of 50-120 kg / min. The sand in the hopper 85 contained 6.7-6.9% surface water, and that in the hopper 86 contained 6.14-6.8% surface water. The amount of surface water of the sand contained in the hopper 86 was similar to that of intermediate sized sand.

35 When the speed of the turning part was increased to 1500 BAD ORIGIlAl? 0 15 00 37 revolutions per minute, was the water content of the sand in the hopper 85 equal to 5 6-5.9? and that of the sand in the filler back 86 equal to 5.2-5.1 *. As the speed was further increased to 1750 revolutions per minute, the water content of the sand in the hopper 85 was 3.9 - 2.2%, with that of the sand in the hopper 86 being 1 *, 1 -U, 3Ji, which showed a substantially equal water content.

Cement, water and 1? based on the volume of cement, were added to the sand thus treated to achieve 10 ratios of C / Z = 1: 2 and W / C = 1 »3 ?. The amount of added water corresponded to the difference between the added water and the surface water. The kneaded mixture had such

Sensibility that the shear strength F was 15 mNfem at a 0 ^ relative viscosity coefficient λ of 8.5 mN / s.cm, a relative 15 closing coefficient Δρ of 33 VN / cm ^, and a demixing and freezing of 0 , 05¾. The compressive strength of a molded product using the mortar thus prepared had a compressive strength of 1 * 3-1 », 1» kN / cm ^ (mean U, 35 kN / cm ^) and 5.1-5.1 KN / cra (mean 5.25 kN / cm) after 7 and 28 days, respectively. Although some segregation and breeze formation was observed, the product had a consistent strength.

In addition to kneading, in which the whole amount of water is added at the same time, another method was also carried out, which included the step of forming the casings, adding water in two phases. More specifically, water is added through the pipe 155 to ensure a surface water of 10 10, after which an amount of Portland cement is added to achieve a W / C ratio of 20?. Finally, 153 kg of secondary water and 1? based on the volume of cement, of a dispersant incorporated to prepare a cement mortar with ratios Z / C = 2, and W / C = U3 ?. The fluidity of the mortar was such that the original shear strength F 'was 26 mN / cm at a ..... ° 1 * relative viscosity coefficient of 11 mN.s / cm and a relative closing coefficient. AFq of 71 PN / cm \ No segregation and freezing BADOR.GTboi5oo 38 was observed. The molded product had a compressive strength of 5.1-5 kN / cm2 (mean 5.25 kN / cm2) and 6.2-6.5 kN / cm2 (mean 6.35 kN / cm) after 7, respectively. and 28 days.

A portion of poured sand, 285 kg of water, 66k kg of cement 5 were mixed and kneaded to obtain a mortar with F of 7.3 mN / cm2, X of 13 mN.3 / cm, AF of 137 WN / cm and a o separation and breeze formation of 1, U $. The 2 product formed with this mortar had a compressive strength of 2.6-3.5 kN / cm (mean 3.05 2 o 2 kN / cm) and 3.5 - 9.9 kN / cm (mean U, 2 kN / cm) after 10 7 and 28 days, respectively. The mechanical strength is thus considerably smaller and highly variable.

EXAMPLE XV

The water separator A shown in Figs. 6-9 was used for dewatering. Fine, water-containing sand (the amount of surface water was 3 to 27 $, the percentage of water absorption was 2.8 # and the FM was 1.93) was supplied to the top of the hopper 51, spraying water onto the sand with a speed of 301 / rain, while transporting the sand.

The rotating part 52 was rotated at a speed of 1500 revolutions per minute to eject the sand at a speed of 360-50 kg / min. The amount of water remaining on the sand particles after dewatering was 8.3-8.55, which showed a slight difference. This means that even if the rotational speed is changed to a greater or lesser extent, it is possible to adjust the amount of surface water as desired.

Cement, gravel and water were added to the dehydrated sand in amounts to achieve ratios Z / C = 1/2? S / G = 38.5 # and W / C = i »3 $. 1.25? Due to the volume of the cement, a dispersant was added and kneaded. The concrete obtained had excellent fluidity and a settling value of 15.6, with only a slight demixing and breeze formation being noted. The product formed with this concrete mix had an average compressive strength of 2.8 kN / cm and 2 U, 0 kN / cm after 7 and 28 days, respectively, the variation coefficient thereof being 8.8 $.

badorigi8 / QlO 15 00 39

Using the mixer shown in Fig. 27, the primary water was added to the treated sand to adjust its surface water to 10 #, then 1150 kg of gravel and a Portland cement powder were added to adjust the sand. ratio W / C at 20 #. Then 83 kg of secondary water and 1.2 # based on the volume of the cement, of a dispersant were added to obtain a concrete mixture with ratio Z / C = 2, Z / A = 38.5 and W / C * U3 #, and a high fluidity of 17.2 cm expressed in the drop-10 value. The product formed with this concrete mix had an average compressive strength of 3.5 kN / cm after 7 days, and H, 6 kN / cm after 28 days, demonstrating only a 5 coefficient of variation.

As a control, the water content of the same sand was measured and corrected. Then, 360 kg of cement, 155 kg of water, 720 kg of sand and 1150 kg of gravel were mixed in a mixer to produce a concrete mixture with the same composition as h5er previously described, and a subsidence value of 12 cm. The average compressive strength of a molded product was 1.9 kN / cm and 2.3 kN / cm after 7 and 28 days, respectively. Not only is the 20 coefficient of variation equal to 15.6 #, but the strength is also lower and more surprising.

EXAMPLE XVI

The water separator shown in Figs. 10-12 was used to treat a coarse river sand containing 3.8-26 # water (percentage absorption of 1.7 # 9 and a coarseness of 3.35.

The rotary member 52 was rotated at a speed of 1750 revolutions per minute to adjust the surface water to 3.2-3.3% of the sand delivered from the hopper 51 at a rate of 360-50 kg / min. After incorporating the primary water into the treated sand to adjust its surface water to 1U #, a Portland cement powder was added to produce a W / C ratio of 20 #. Then 290 kg of secondary water and 1.2 # based on the volume of the cement, of a dispersant were added and kneaded for the BAD originaS 0 0 1 5 00

Reaching a mortar with ratios Z / C = 1.5 ° W / C = 38% and a fluidity such that the original shear strength F was 6.8 mN / cm at a relative viscosity coefficient °. k λ of 3.4 mNés / cm and a relative closing coefficient AF of 31 k ° 5 μΝ / crn. The mortar was transported by a pump to a place at a distance of 120 meters through a pipe with an inner diameter of 5 cm and at a speed of 67 m / min. At the intended site, one part of sand, the surface water of which was adjusted to 3.2-3.3%, further 0.95 parts of gravel with a size of 1.15 mm and a cement powder were combined to form cement casings, whereby the W / C was about 18% in a place 5 meters for one. blowing nozzle. The concrete mixture was then blown against the inner wall of a tunnel.

The amount of the blown concrete composition was about 8 m per hour, the ratio W / C thereof being 33.1%,

O

and the amount of cement 509 kg / ~ m. The amount of blowback during blowing was 6.5%, with the amount of dust generated being 1.21 mg / m. The round top wall of the tunnel was blown satisfactorily to a thickness of 120 mm without flaking. The mean, compressive strength of the blown concrete was 3.2 kN / cm and 5.9 kN / cm after 3 and 8 days, respectively. The coefficient of variation was 3.2%, where the average strength was 1.1 times greater than that of known concrete of the same composition, and the coefficient of variation was reduced to 1/5 · 25 When the amount of surface water was not from all parts of the sand modified, but only from a sampled portion, and concrete was prepared by mixing: * the sand and then blowing it according to the known wet or dry method, the amount of dust generated in the wet blowing was 3 o 30 equal to 6 -10 mg / m, and 6-10 mg / m when blown dry.

3

The amount of dust, i.e. 1.21 mg / m according to the invention, is much lower than these values. While with conventional concrete the amount of recoil is 20-30% in both wet and dry blowing, the amount of recoil according to the invention is reduced to a small portion of these amounts. Moreover, the reaction exerted on the BAD ORIGI & 4 0 15 00 nozzle is much smaller than when blowing a known concrete mixture. The amount transported

O

Ui 3_U m / h of the known concrete can be doubled when using a pipeline with an inner diameter of 5 cm.

EXAMPLE XVII

In this example, the water separator shown in Figure 10 was used to treat river sand, which is 3,15). surface water (water absorption percentage 2.3ί and coarseness 2.1). In this example, water was added to the sand 10 at a rate of 32 l / min while transporting the sand through the conveyor. The rotating part 52 was rotated at a speed of 1780 revolutions per minute, the sand being supplied thereto at a speed of 360 DEG-50 kg / min. The amount of surface water remaining on the sand particles was 15 U, 6-U, 7%, demonstrating an even water fading.

After adding the primary water to the treated sand, so that its surface water was 7.6%, 1196 kg of gravel and an amount of Portland cement were added, so that the W / C ratio would be 18%. The resulting mixture was transported by trucks to a workshop 2 hours away. 92, U kg Secondary water and 1.2% by volume of the cement, of a dispersant were incorporated into the mixture in the workshop to prepare a concrete mixture with ratios of W / C - 2.3U, Z / A = 38.5% and W / C * U6.82. The concrete had a high fluidity, as evidenced by its settling value of 12.5 cm, with no segregation and breeze formation. The product formed with the concrete mix had an average compressive strength of 3.0 kN / cm and U.1 kN / cm after 7 and 28 days, respectively, and a coefficient of variation of U3.3.

On the other hand, a fresh concrete of the same composition but prepared in accordance with a known method had decreased in sag value relative to the time required for transportation, thus reducing workability. For this reason, it was necessary to stir the fresh concrete during transport. In addition, after long-distance transport, BADowGijMg-o 1 5 oö U2 required further water addition to the workshop, which reduced the mechanical strength of the product. For example, the compressive strength after 28 days of the product prepared with such a fresh concrete was only 2.9 kN / cm, the coefficient of variation thereof being about 15 µl, which is to be compared with the present 1.3JS. Moreover, according to the invention it is not necessary to transport the total amount of water.

EXAMPLE XVIII

In this example, the mixing direction shown in FIG. 22 was used, having an inner diameter of 350 mm for the mixing chamber 110 and a total length of 10 meters. The shaft or screw. 190 was rotated at a speed of 70 rpm. River sand with its surface water adjusted to 3.8-U.2 door by the water separator shown in Figures U and 5 was supplied to the mixing chamber from the hopper 101 at a rate of 232 kg / min, with gravel supplied from the hopper 103 at a rate of U12 kg / min. Water was then supplied through the pipe 115 at 1125 rpm, to adjust the surface water of the aggregate to 11.6-12.6%. Subsequently, 20 cement was added to the aggregate from the container 102 at a rate of 115 kg / min. to form cement casings, the W / C ratio of which was adjusted to about 2%. The mixture was added with the secondary water, as well as a mixture of lignin and sulfonic acid through the pipe 116 in amounts of 18.6 25 1 / min. . and 1.13 1 / min. followed by continuous kneading to form a fresh concrete at a speed of 20 m / h, where W / C = U2 * t: C / Z = 1: 2 and Z / G = 1: 1.78.

This fresh concrete had a settling value of 12 cm and showed no segregation and freezing. The product formed with this fresh concrete had a compressive strength of 2.5 kN / cm, 3.3 kN / cm and 2 U, 3 kN / cm after 3.7 and 8 days, respectively.

EXAMPLE XIX

Mixer shown in Fig. 25 was used.

An artificial, lightly weighing, fine aggregate (specific gravity 1, U), containing 8% surface water, and another artificial, lightly sweeping BADORIGIN & 0 0 15 00 U3 coarse aggregate (similar pike 1.6) with a grain size of approximately 15 mm and with about $ 1 surface water.

The fine aggregate was loaded into the hopper 101 in the amount of 159 kg / rain, the coarse aggregate being loaded into the hopper 101 in the same amount. Water was sprayed onto the aggregates from container 121 at a rate of 11 1 / min. for adjusting the surface water of the aggregates to 15% *

A cement powder was added to the mixture of the fine and coarse aggregates from the hopper 102 at a rate of 117 kg / min. for forming cement casing requirement around the aggregates. Subsequently, water and naphthalene sulfonate as water reducing agent were taken up from container 123 at rates of 31 l / min. and 6 1 / min.

The concrete obtained had excellent fluidity, as evidenced by its 15 cm subsidence value, with no segregation and breeze formation. The fresh concrete composition included 350 kg of cement, U80 kg of sand, 162 liters of water and 18 liters of the water reducing agent, in all cases per m. Its W / C ratio was k6%, and the 20 percent coarse aggregate was 50 #. The product formed with this fresh concrete had a compressive strength of 2.1 kN / cm and 3.8 kN / cm after 7 and 28 days, respectively. The product prepared by the known method had a compressive strength of 1.7 kN / cm and 3.25 kN / cm after 7 and 28 days, respectively.

25 EXAMPLE XX

In this example, the mixer shown in Figure 26 was used. More specifically, sand with a grain size of less than 5mm and with 6% surface water, and gravel with a grain size of 25mm and 1 # surface water, were prepared and loaded into the hopper 101 at speeds of 260kg / min. and 3 ^ 8 kg / min. Water was supplied to the container 101 from the container 121 at a rate of 8 1 / min. for adjusting the surface water of the aggregates. Cement was then added to the sand and gravel mixture from the hopper 102 at a rate of 117 kg / min. for forming cement casings around the aggregates.

800 1 5 00

BAD ORIGINAL

Μ

A mixture of water (at a rate of 31 l / min.) And lignin sulfonate as a water reducing agent (at a rate of 6 l / min.) Was supplied to the mixing chamber from the hopper 133. It was discharged into the receiver 120 fresh concrete had a settling value of 17 cm, with no segregation and breeze formation being observed, which showed a high fluidity. The fresh concrete composition was 350 kg of cement, 780 kg of sand, 10 ^ 3 kg of gravel, 162 liters of water, 18 liters for the means of reducing water, each per m, the W / C 10 ratio k6%.

The product formed with fresh concrete had a pressure.

O o strength of 2.2 kN / cm and ^, 0 kN / cm after 7 and 28 days, respectively. The concrete products prepared by the known method had a compressive strength of 1.8 kN / cm and 3.1 * kN / cm after 7 and 28 days respectively, which proves the excellent quality of the present product.

It is clear that changes and improvements can be made without departing from the scope of the invention.

BAD ORIGlfcA 0 15 00

Claims (32)

1 + 5 CONCLUSIONS. A method of adjusting the amount of liquid deposited on fine particles, characterized by the steps of sequentially supplying a predetermined amount of the fine particles on which the liquid is deposited, and then applying an impact force greater is then the adhesive force of the liquid to the fine particles to thereby remove the deposited liquid. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the 10. . . impact force in the form of velocity energy. A method according to claim 2, characterized in that the speed energy is provided by centrifugal force, wind force or both. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the impact force on the fine particles is exerted by a turning part. A method according to claim 1, characterized by the steps of applying liquid to the fine particles in an amount greater than the amount of water remaining on the fine particles after applying the impact force and then applying it again. fine particles exert a substantially constant impact force. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the fine particles have different amounts of liquid deposited thereon. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the grain size of the fine particles is equalized. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the impact force is exerted by centrifugal force in a closed chamber. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that an impurity is deposited on the fine particles, water is added to the fine particles, and then the impact force is applied to simultaneously remove the impurity and adjust an amount of liquid , which remains on the fine particles. 8001500 BAD ORIGINAL U6 10. A method of "preparing a cement mixture, characterized by the steps of adjusting an amount of water deposited on sand particles to a predetermined value by applying impact force to particles, adding cj an amount of water to the sand particles for increasing the water content thereof, then supplying a predetermined amount of the sand particles with added water, and exerting an impact force on the sand particles which is greater than the adhesion force of the water to the sand particles for removing of excess water, and mixing cement with the sand particles. 11. A method of preparing a hydraulic mixture, characterized by the steps of applying an impact force to a fine aggregate for removing excess water deposited on the particles of the fine aggregate, adding an amount of water necessary to prepare the hydraulic mixture, adding a hydraulic substance to the obtained mixture of fine aggregate and water to form envelopes of the hydraulic substance around the particles of the fine aggregate, and adding a residual amount of water required to prepare the hydraulic mixture and knead the mixture obtained. 12. A method according to claim 11, characterized in that an additive is included together with the remaining portion of water. A method according to claim 11, characterized in that the amount of the water is determined according to the amount of water remaining on the particles of the fine aggregate. 2o 1U. Method according to claim 11, characterized in that a coarse aggregate and / or a fibrous substance are added to the fine aggregate. 15. Method according to claim 11, characterized in that the fine aggregate, from which excess water has been removed, and other components of the hydraulic mixture are transported to a workshop by independent means of transport, and then mixed and blown into the workplace. 1 $. Apparatus for separating liquid from fine particles, characterized by means for applying an impact force to the fine particles for removing excess liquid, deposited on the particles, and by means for sequentially supplying the fine particles to the means for applying the impact force, Device according to claim 16, characterized by means for supplying the liquid to the fine particles before they are supplied to the means for exercising. of the impact force. 18. Device as claimed in claim 16, characterized in that the means for applying the impact force comprise a rotating disc, as well as a impact plate opposite the rotary disc, so that the fine particles are ejected against the impact plate by the centrifugal force generated by the turntable. Device according to claim 18, characterized in that the turntable is provided with a number of radial blades, the fine particles being supplied to the turntable on a central part thereof. Device according to claim 16, characterized in that the impact force is provided by compressed gas. 21. Device according to claim 16, characterized in that the impact force is provided by a conveyor belt moving at high speed. 22. Device according to claim 18, characterized by means for distributing the fine particles ejected against the baffle plate into the fine particles and water separated therefrom as a result of impact against the baffle plate. Device as claimed in claim 22, characterized in that the distribution means are arranged on an upper edge of a container for the fine particles, from which excess water has been removed. 2b. Device according to claim ml8, characterized in, 800 1 5 00 BAD ORICINAL V U8 that the baffle plate is removably mounted on an inverted saucer-shaped part, thereby removing excess water, removed from the fine particles as a result of impact against the baffle plate, along the inner surface flows from the inverted saucer-shaped part downwards. The device of claim 18, characterized by a pipe for continuously supplying the fine particles to the center portion of the turntable, and by means for adding liquid to the fine particles at an exit end of the pipe. 26. Device according to claim 18, characterized by. a receptacle for treated sand particles, an upper edge of the container being spaced from a lower edge of the inverted saucer-shaped portion. The device according to claim 18, characterized in that the turntable is housed in a housing having a rectangular cross-sectional shape, and inner surfaces which are inclined downwardly to collide with the fine particles ejected by the turntable. 28. Device according to claim 18, characterized by means for supplying a cleaning liquid to the baffle plate. 29. Device according to claim 18, characterized by a receptacle for receiving the fine particles thrown on the baffle plate, and by means for removing the fine particles adhering to / Upper part of the receptacle. 30. Device according to claim 29, characterized in that the dilating means comprise a resilient tube. The device of claim 30, characterized by means for inflating the resilient tube. 32. Device according to claim 19, characterized in that the means for separating the liquid comprise a rotary wheel rotatable about a horizontal axis, and comprising a number of radial blades, further means for the BADORIGIN / JJ. QQ ^ g qq h9 supplying the fine particles to a space between adjacent vanes, means for rotating the wheel at a high speed sufficient to remove excess water from the fine particles, means for removing the wheel 5 discharging the fine particles in a substantially horizontal direction, and a plurality of fine particle receptacles juxtaposed in the horizontal direction for classifying the fine particles according to size. 33. Apparatus for preparing cement mortar and a concrete mix, characterized by means for removing excess water from a fine aggregate, and by a kneading mechanism for sequentially adding water and cement to the fine aggregate whose excess water has been removed to prepare a cement mortar or concrete mixture. 15 3 ^. Device according to claim 33, characterized by means for supplying primary and secondary water and by means for supplying cement, which means are arranged between the means for the primary and secondary water. 35. Device according to claim 33, characterized in that the kneading mechanism comprises means for adding a dispersing agent, a fast-curing agent and / or a retarding agent. 36. Device according to claim 33, having the feature. that the kneading mechanism comprises an axis, provided with a number of mixing parts, arranged along a helix. 3Γ. Device according to claim 36, characterized in that the mixing parts are divided into a number of parts along the axis, the pitch of the mixing parts being different for different parts. Device according to claim 36, characterized in that the angles of inclination of the mixing parts are different for different parts. 39. Device according to claim 36, characterized in that the ash is contained in a mixing chamber, which is divided along the axis into a number of parts, the contents of which are different '8001500 BAD ORIGINAL according to the mass of a mixture, that is kneaded in it. i »0. Device according to claim 36, characterized in that the mixing parts comprise large and small mixing parts placed between each other. An apparatus according to claim UO, characterized in that the large and small mixing parts are inclined in opposite directions. to. Device according to claim 36, characterized in. 10 that the shaft is accommodated in a mixing chamber, whereby the shaft and the mixing chamber can be rotated mutually. U3. Device according to claim h2t, characterized in that the mixing chamber is in the form of a U-shaped part, lined with a flexible part, wherein a resilient tube is arranged on the outside of a bottom part of the flexible part, which resilient tube can be inflated with a pressurized fluid. ONION". Method substantially as described in the description and shown in the drawing. 1 * 5. Device substantially as described in description 20 and shown in the drawing. i) u 8001500 BAD ORIGINAL