NL2036081A

NL2036081A - System for the Distribution and Retention of Rain Water

Info

Publication number: NL2036081A
Application number: NL2036081A
Authority: NL
Inventors: Wilfred Nico Van De Wetering John
Original assignee: Blue Innovations B V
Priority date: 2023-10-20
Filing date: 2023-10-20
Publication date: 2024-01-05

Abstract

The present invention relates to a vertically mountable static water distribution system, comprising: a. an enclosure having an inlet port and an outlet section; b. optionally, a removable cover; 5 c. a discharge body having at least two discharge outlet passages therethrough, each discharge outlet passage extending over the axial ﬂow direction downstream of the enclosure; and d. a turbulence reducing unit located within the enclosure and across the ﬂow path between the inlet port and the discharge outlet passage.

Description

System for the Distribution and Retention of Rain Water

The present invention relates to a system for the retention of rainwater collected on impervious building surfaces comprising a water distribution unit with static flow distribution. More specifically, the disclosure pertains to a system that consistently distributes water flow from a water source to multiple outlet openings, providing control over the flow rate at each outlet opening.

Background of the Disclosure

Surface run-off of rain water carried on impervious building surfaces such as roofs, facades and balconies is typically collected in classical rain pipes, and then transported through drainage and sewer pipes to a discharge point such as a water cleaning installation, canals, rivers and eventually the sea.

Conventional rain water distribution is done through rain pipes and usually into a sewage system which combines sewage with rain water.

Different approaches have been developed over the years to harvest rain water, usually making use of underground storage tanks, or small call above ground tanks that collect rain water, and then using pumps to move the water to the actual use. Such systems typically operate on the basis of active valves and pumps, which increases the energy use, and requires large scale constructions, as well as maintenance.

Most modern buildings have a drainage system to remove rainwater from the roof of the building. Typically, for a pitched roof, a drainage system includes an open gutter located along the edge of the roof inclined so as to direct collected water to a downpipe. The downpipe can channel water to a subterranean drain linking to the drain infrastructure.

An alternative to disposing of rainwater down a drain is to collect and store the rainwater from the drainage system, e.g. in underground tanks. The stored water can then be used for any desired purpose such for watering of plants and vegetables in a garden or flushing a toilet, neither of which requires a high quality of filtered water. However, this requires pumps that consume electricity, and large spaces and trenches being dug to place underground storage tanks.

It is understood that local rainwater drainage is independent from any other runoff water system and thus, it is preferably designed and configured to cope with all rainwater from its connected surface area alone. Green roofs have been propagated as a solution, but constitute an investment which typically is out of sight for the public, and thus it may seem easier for many building constructors to simply use the existing runoff systems. Also, so-called blue-green roofs, which combine water retention and greening can only be built on flat roof surfaces, and green roofs solely have little retention capacity and might need additional improvement of the roof supporting structure. However, the present system may also advantageously be combined with blue-green roofs.

it would therefore be an advantage to be able to provide a local rainwater drainage and storage system, that can be installed in view of the general public and which may contribute to a more attractive appearance of a building facade.

In addition, in this respect, drainage, distribution and storage of rainwater from roofs of buildings may be employed for adiabatic evaporative cooling on the facades of buildings in the fight against heat island formation, thereby providing passive cooling, in particular the system has better cooling effects at street level for occurring heat islands in cities during drought and heat stress.

Accordingly there is a need for a water distribution system that allows for a passive uniform flow distribution without additional energy requirements such as pumps. Furthermore, while a useful rain water distribution system is disclosed in WO-A-2022265502, there is a need for a vertically mounted fully modular and simplified distribution system.

Summary of the Disclosure

In a first aspect, the present disclosure relates to a vertically mountable static water distribution system, comprising: a. an enclosure having an inlet port and an outlet section; b. a discharge body having at least two discharge outlet passages therethrough, each discharge outlet passage extending over the axial flow direction downstream of the enclosure;

C. a turbulence-reducing unit located within the enclosure and across the flow path between the inlet port and the discharge outlet passage, the turbulence-reducing unit comprising i. a screen comprising a sheet having a multitude of perforations throughout the surface of the sheet, for dividing the velocity components of an incoming fluid flow into partial components, thereby transferring of momentum between the fluid over the flow path of the screen; and ii. a laminar flow unit positioned between the screen and the discharge outlet, the unit comprised of a sheet forming an essentially transversal opening over at least 80% of the breadth of the enclosure and positioned transversely in the flow path of the fluid flow such that an essentially uniform velocity profile with laminar flow is introduced into a fluid flow in the enclosure by minimising disturbances in a fluid flow stream passing through the opening; and ii. a static flow distribution unit configured to distribute the fluid flow from the laminar flow unit to a reservoir portion; and iv. the reservoir portion comprising a fluid reservoir in fluid contact with the discharge outlet passage, comprising a reservoir limited by a threshold such that only fluid surpassing the threshold can flow to the discharge outlet passage.

In a further aspect, the present disclosure provides for a method for the distribution of rain water to a vertical gardening element, using a system according to the invention.

In a further aspect, the present disclosure provides for a method for distributing rainwater using a static rainwater distribution system according to the present disclosure, the method comprising: a) collecting and distributing rainwater using one or more systems mounted in fluid connection with a rainwater drainage pipe on a building facade; b) distributing the rainwater aliquot per outlet along the building facade using a distribution network comprising a plurality of pipes or channels and a plurality of outlet nozzles; and optionally, c) adjusting the settings of the distribution system to the rainwater volumes attained.

Brief Description of the Drawings it should be understood that the following drawings are only illustrative of specific embodiments of the invention, and not limiting. Various alternatives, modifications, and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art in light of the foregoing description, which is intended to encompass all such alternatives, modifications, and variations.

Fig. 1 illustrates a typical installation of the present invention together with a rain pipe on the vertical of the building envelope.

Fig. 2 is a view from underneath the system, and illustrates the present invention including a system with a vertical inlet section, a t-section, a horizontal outlet section with discharge outlets, and a mounting device for proper fixation and alignment, all in alignment with an (existing) rain pipe.

Fig. 3 is a cutaway drawing illustrating the assembled inner workings of the system's components and parts whereby a vertical flow is transferred into a double-sided laminar horizontal and cascading flow over multiple segments which diverts partial flow to specific outlets.

Fig. 4 is an exploded drawing of the system, and illustrates all components and parts of the system and their respective position apart from each other.

Fig. 5 A is an exploded drawing of the system, illustrating some possible distributions of partial flow by the system with different configurations for diverting partial flow towards specific outlets in the outlet section of the system.

Fig. 5 B shows a cutaway drawing of a preferred embodiment of the system, detailing the cascading distribution principle with the segmentation of horizontal flow towards the bottom outlets through a path of collection and diverting flow downwards.

Fig. 6 is a cut-away view illustrating an example of a typical passive dynamic water retention installation that uses a capillary siphon to transport distributed and stored rain water from the reservoirs to plants or evaporative sheet materials.

Fig. 7 shows three different modular uses of the system, illustrating typical modular configurations for the aforementioned system and installation in the vertical of the building envelope connecting/ directing runoff water to the water reservoirs.

Fig. 8 A shows an exploded drawing of a preferred embodiment of the system, illustrating the basic flow and cascading principles used for a one-sided distribution path of flow over three discharge outlets.

Fig. 8 B shows an exploded drawing of the embodiment of figure 8 A, however using a conventional downspout bifurcation to feed the system.

Detailed Description of the Disclosure

The above need and the above object together with numerous other needs and objects, which will be evident from the below detailed description, are according to a first aspect of the present disclosure. The present system is particularly suitable for the distribution of rainwater collected on impervious building surfaces, comprising a water distribution module comprising at least one feed unit positioned at the top of the module, for collecting run-off water, and configured to provide a water in- flow volume ranging from a first to a second water volume; at least one static distribution means also comprising a turbulence reducing unit; and at least one section that operates as outlet section for collecting and distributing a separated off portion of the water flow. Rain water is collected typically from the roof top of a building, but alternative collection points may be contemplated. The rain water is collected upstream and led into the downspout connected to the uppermost module of the system.

The novel distribution system may provide a fixed distribution ratio of incoming varying vertical turbulent flow from a drain pipe by introducing a horizontal laminar flow and cascading principle over multiple segments connected to multiple discharge outlets at the bottom.

The top part of the system receives fluid/ flow from an (existing) drain pipe and diverts the water into the system with a mesh positioned in the centre of the flow path. The system's central component connects the vertical and horizontal components and parts of the system and is affixed to a surface with a mounting frame which allows system rotation along the vertical axis and the horizontal alignment of the discharge section with an adjustment tool and plumbline.

Different parts of the system are positioned in the enclosure, or housing, which may advantageously be formed as a chamber with a removable lid. This chamber has an inlet port and an outlet section. The outlet section comprises a water conduit positioned essentially horizontally to the flow pipe, which is fluidly connected to a discharge body having at least two discharge outlet passages therethrough, each discharge outlet passage extending over the axial flow direction downstream of the enclosure.

The water inlet is designed to receive water from a water source. Suitable water sources comprise conventional rain water drains and pipes. The enclosure comprises at least an inlet port and an outlet section, and is preferably designed as a chamber comprising a main body composed of a side walls, a floor, and a removable lid.

The enclosure is connected to the water inlet, and features a plurality of portions, as well as a connection to outlet openings arranged in a predetermined pattern, in turn for connection to water use or storage or use devices downstream of the enclosure, as will be set out in detail below.

In order to allow the unit to operate a with various different fluid flows, a turbulence reducing 5 unit is located within the enclosure and across the flow path between the inlet port and the discharge outlet passage. This turbulence reducing unit advantageously may comprise i. a screen comprising a sheet having a multitude of perforations throughout the surface of the sheet, for dividing the velocity components of an incoming fluid flow into partial components, thereby transferring of momentum between the fluid over the flow path of the screen; and ii. a laminar flow unit positioned between the screen and the discharge outlet, the unit comprised of a sheet forming an essentially transversal opening over at least 80% of the breadth of the enclosure and positioned transversely in the flow path of the fluid flow such that an essentially uniform velocity profile with laminar flow is introduced into a fluid flow in the enclosure by minimizing disturbances in a fluid flow stream passing through the opening; and iii. a static flow distribution unit configured to distribute the fluid flow from the laminar flow unit to a reservoir portion; and, downstream, iv. a reservoir portion comprising a fluid reservoir in fluid contact with the discharge outlet passage. The reservoir portion comprises a reservoir limited by a fluid level threshold such that only fluid surpassing the threshold can flow to the discharge outlet passage.

Preferably, the screen comprises a sheet having a multitude of perforations throughout the surface or a mesh prepared from wires or other suitable materials, the screen being preferably configured to be removably positioned in the enclosure, more prefearbly slidably inserted into the enclosure. Suitable screens include cone-shaped cylinders for separating fluid flow and debris using a profile for inducing the Coanda effect, as set out in US67050498B2, into partial flow directed towards the lumen of the inlet section into the water collector at the bottom of the mesh in the T-section, and continuation of some flow and debris in the central vertical trajectory of the system diverted with an outlet section in the primary flow component connected to the opening of the drain pipe at the bottom of the system.

The screen is preferably attached to the bottom or flooring section of the water collector. The mesh is preferably affixed in the centre of the inlet section of the system, using a ring insert at the top.

The screen preferably is configured to be removably positioned into the enclosure, more preferably slidably inserted into the enclosure, for maintenance or cleaning purposes.

Advantageously, the laminar flow unit (ii) is positioned between the screen and the static flow distribution unit, and comprises a sheet forming an essentially rectangular transversal opening positioned at lower third of the sheet, and preferably configured to be removably positioned into the enclosure, more preferably slidably inserted into the enclosure.

Advantageously, the static flow distribution unit (iit) comprises channels defined by ridges running in parallel in an axial direction of the enclosure, and outlet enclosures allowing distribution of the fluid flow to individual outlets, between the turbulence reducing unit and the discharge outlet passage that essentially distributes the flow to the outlets according to the incoming fluid flow rate.

Alternatively, or in addition, the inner surfaces may comprise protrusions and indentations, preferably ridges and groves forming a multitude of channels.

Advantageously, the system may further comprise an adjustable flow control mechanism associated with each outlet opening, the adjustable flow control mechanism operable to regulate the flow rate of water through each outlet opening independently; wherein the self-adjusting mechanism is provided with a flow control mechanism that distributes the flow according to the incoming fluid flow rate, preferably by adjustable ridges, flanges or apertures.

Advantageously, the system further comprises a the static flow distribution unit comprising an active or passive spirit level device to adjust the horizontal position of the system.

Advantageously, the enclosure comprises a discharge body having at least two discharge outlet passages therethrough, each discharge outlet passage extending over the axial flow direction downstream of the enclosure. According to a further embodiment of the first aspect, the water flow inlet and outlet pipes have an essentially circular cross-section. in the direction of the flow, the enclosure also comprises a turbulence reducing unit located within the enclosure and across the flow path between the inlet port and the discharge outlet passage.

The turbulence reducing unit comprises a screen comprising a sheet having a multitude of perforations throughout the surface of the sheet, or a mesh, as set out above, for dividing the velocity components of an incoming fluid flow into partial components, thereby transferring of momentum between the fluid over the flow path of the screen. The flow control mechanism is a static means, i.e., it is driven by the fluid flow itself, and may include directive walls or ridges, or surface wetting differences such as the use of hydrophobic materials that act as flow guides, providing flexibility in controlling the water flow depending on the volume of the fluid.

A locking mechanism may be advantageously associated with each flow control mechanism, thereby ensuring that the desired flow rate setting is secured, preventing unintentional adjustments.

The enclosure advantageously comprises a laminar flow unit positioned between the screen and the discharge outlet. This unit comprises a sheet forming an essentially transversal opening over at least 80%, more preferably 85% yet more prefearbly 90% of the breadth of the enclosure, and positioned transversely in the flow path of the fluid flow such that an essentially uniform velocity profile with laminar flow is introduced into a fluid flow in the enclosure by minimizing disturbances in a fluid flow stream passing through the opening.

Preferably in the direction of the flow, the enclosure comprises a static flow distribution mechanism, positioned within the chamber, which is responsible for evenly distributing the incoming water flow to the plurality of outlet openings, ensuring a uniform flow distribution throughout the system,

The enclosure further comprises a static flow distribution unit configured to distribute the fluid flow from the laminar flow unit to a reservoir portion.

The enclosure further comprises reservoir portion comprising a fluid reservoir in fluid contact with a discharge outlet passage, preferably comprising a reservoir limited by a threshold such that only fluid surpassing the threshold can flow to the discharge outlet passage. This ensures a static regulation of the flow rate that continues downstream.

The horizontal part of the system embodies a laminar cascading principle for incoming flow with a fixed ratio discharge over multiple outlets at the bottom of the section. The discharge outlet passage preferably comprises at least one outlet opening. Each outlet opening is preferably associated with a further flow control mechanism, allowing for a desired regulation of the flow rate at each outlet opening. Water outlets are connected to the enclosure, enabling the release of water to the desired locations. The housing or enclosure encloses the distribution chamber, static flow distribution mechanism, adjustable flow control mechanisms, locking mechanisms, and other components, providing protection and structural integrity to the enclosure.

A preferred static flow distribution mechanism within the distribution chamber may comprise baffles or channels strategically positioned to evenly distribute the incoming water flow. This ensures that each outlet opening receives a proportional and consistent flow rate. Figure 4 shows extensions of the distribution unit and possible segments for different configurations (backflow) and flow rates (depending on the roof area served). A

This constitutes a fast and reliable overflow prevention of the water tank and the risk of overflowing the local rainwater drainage is eliminated for all but the most severe rainfalls.

The horizontal water modules may be continuously supplied with rain water from a water tank via the horizontal feed line.

In order to avoid overflow of the plant holding compartment, a drainage opening may be positioned to discharge excessive water directly into a downstream compartment. It is evident that multiple drainage openings may exist for a single module in order to distribute the drainage evenly.

Preferably, the system modules are stacked on top of each other along an entire wall section from the roof to the grounds. The capacity of the intermediate water storage tanks may be designed such that the lowest water tank compartment is likely never fully saturated and that the delay between the upstream and downstream modules of the assembly is approximately bridging the statistically derived average time period between rainfall. This embodiment is particularly preferred for use with buildings where all of the rain water is to be used, whereas for green walls, the capacity may advantageously be fully used. It is evident that any of the above described embodiments according to the first aspect may be used in the assembly according to the second aspect of the invention.

The above need and the above object together with numerous other needs and objects, which will be evident from the below detailed description, are according to a third aspect of the present invention obtained by a method of draining rainwater by using a green wall, the method comprising: providing a system according to the invention, and a green wall plant growth assembly, the green wall plant growth assembly comprising one or more plant holding compartments located adjacent to a water tank and having a closed off bottom and an open top, the plant holding compartment defining a space comprising soil and one or more plants, the closed off bottom defining a drainage opening, and a conduit extending between the water tank and the plant holding compartment; receiving rain water in the water tank of the first module, transporting rain water from the water tank into the plant holding compartment, and facilitating plant growth. The method according to this third aspect is preferably used together with any of the modules according to the first aspect and/or any assembly according to the second aspects.

According to a further embodiment of the disclosure, the system may further preferably comprise at least one of: a. a water tank or water retention module for receiving the distributed rain water, optionally comprising an overflow arrangement for discharging rain water therefrom; b. a plant holding and growth compartment having a closed off bottom and an open top, the holding compartment defining a space for receiving soil including one or more plants, further comprising a drainage opening for discharging rain water therefrom; c. a water evaporation cooling unit; d. a grey water use member; and e. a conduit connecting the water tank and the plant holding compartment and/or evaporation cooling unit, for transporting rain water from the water tank module.

According to a further aspect, the present invention also relates to a method of collecting and distributing rain water, comprising a. installing a system according to the invention to a downspout collecting rain water from an impervious surface of a building; and b. adjusting a multitude of discharging units debit to attain a static distribution of the rain water over a multitude of horizontal conduits at a given rain water flow, as specified for each occurring run-off situation. i.e. as defined by roof size, orientation, and other factors influencing the flow.

According to a third aspect, the present invention also relates to a kit of parts comprising a unit for water collection at the top, and for distribution to the rain water flow pipe; a rain water flow pipe; a system according to the present disclosure; and a discharge section.

According to a fourth aspect, the present invention also relates to method for retrofitting an existing building, by removing a downspout system, and providing a system according to the present invention.

The present system may be fastened to the facade of a building, e.g. a house, office building, storage facility, factory building, or incorporated into a building, optionally fastened to the foundation of a building, together with other modules as disclosed herein, thus forming an assembly. The vertical and horizontal dimensions of the assembly may vary from a few meters to several tens of meters. The size of an individual module may vary depending on functionality, such as for instance for a greenwall, cooling, or the like. For a typical greenwall system based on capillary transport of water in substrates, useful dimensions are about 50 cm high, with a diameter of 45 cm by 30 cm, to allow for incorporation into typical rain water systems. Typically, the assembly comprises a top row of water collection modules followed by the uppermost modules in which the upstream rainwater is initially collected. The rainwater then continues downstream to a module located below the upstream module. The rainwater typically flows from an upstream module to a downstream module located directly vertically below the upstream module, however, other configurations are feasible.

The system according to the invention therefore preferably may also comprise (a) a plurality of modules structurally configured for growing plants therein; (b) a water distribution system comprising a water supply tubing further comprising static water retention valves.

The water distribution system provides a flow of irrigation water to the plants growing in the plant growth modules, and drainage of excess water from the plant growth modules. The spacing between the plant growth modules in the suspension system is adjustable to optimize the amount of light passing through the greenwall.

That is, the plant growth module suspension system may be configured to allow natural lighting to pass to the plants growing in the plant growth modules. The present invention provides for a novel type of rainwater drainage that enables greening of parts of a facade within the living and urban environment possible in a simple and affordable way, and which exclusively uses rainwater that is drained from roofs or similar surfaces, by creating a balance between a specific water harvest from a typical roof and a total plant surface which can be properly watered with this amount. The system dimensions may advantageously be planned in line with the predicted climate conditions.

The system, when operated, allows buffering of rainwater at specified locations on the facade, after which it can be led to substrates / plant roots with capillary materials or the like. The system has the advantage of being reliable and showing a low-maintenance, due to self-cleaning, by offering a modular and passive water distribution system in combination with storage reservoirs and green facade elements, which can replace existing and new rainwater piping.

The present system permits to establish a predictable and controllable water distribution over the height of rainwater along the facades of buildings over several storage reservoirs, regardless of drainage intensity or duration of precipitation events, whereby each storage reservoir may be filled evenly at every occurring situation. The system also may be used for horticulture, for instance vertical farming, and incorporated into other run-off ""grey water"" applications. Application of the invention preferably also delays rainwater drainage to the sewer system, thereby reducing peak load on the sewer system.

Additionally, drainage, distribution and storage of rainwater from roofs of buildings may be employed for the conservation of plants, fruits and vegetables in a vertical growth medium (substrate) over the height of the drainage path throughout the year. In the event of exceptionally persistent drought, water can easily be entered into the system at ground level, by pumping it up, after which it is again predictably discharged and distributed, as is the case for rain water. Advantageously, a water stand or rising pipe may be incorporated in the present system.

Finally, drainage, distribution and storage of rainwater from roofs of buildings may be employed for adiabatic evaporative cooling on the facades of buildings in the fight against heat island formation, thereby providing passive cooling. The plant growth modules in the vertical growing system may be structurally configured for growing plants using any convenient method. For example, the plant growth modules may be configured for growing plants hydroponically, such as via a nutrient film technique.

Active or passive static valves may be present at each of the intersections with the plant growth modules that allow for purging of the system, e.g. to remove contaminated water as usually at the end of a longer period without rain, which is likely going to be contaminated, and then can be switched to a distribution per plant growth module or horizontal line in line with the desired distribution.

The water distribution system may advantageously be configured to provide water to a first inlet of an upper plant growth module, and to further lower inlets in the flow path. The system is in particular able to provide for a constant water load over the whole system, thereby providing for a continuous water provision.

The system may be structurally configured for assembly in any kind of building or to any portion of a building. In one embodiment, the present invention may be configured for installation to a building facade. The system may in particular be installed or mounted to the outside of an existing building facade, for instance as a retrofit. The system may be conveniently structured as modules, and any number of modules can be installed in a building; e.g. and pre-configured with a limited amount of distribution modules or adjusted afterwards by changing the configuration.

In summer, the system may provide shade to the interior and exterior of the building, and reduce solar heat gain by absorbing energy as latent heat, through transpiration or adiabatic evaporation. As such, the system helps to mitigate the urban heat island effect like a green roof. in winter, it may provide additional insulation and protection to the facade.

The system can be installed in a frame, cage, or similar support structure to provide strength. For example, a frame can be built of aluminium, stainless steel, wood, fiberglass, plastics, or other materials,

and the plant growth module suspension system can be mounted to the sides, top, and/or bottom of the frame.

The present system may be installed in the form of independent blocks or modules. Each block may have its own vertical water supply system. Each block further may comprise several sections of pipe, the swirl sections, distribution sections, and horizontal distribution conduits. The system may be composed of any suitable materials, preferably such as those usually employed for rain water pipes, e.g.

PVC, Polypropylene or other suitable polymers. Any useful method may be applied for the manufacture, such as (co)extrusion, calendaring, but also additive formation including 3D printing.

There is no limitation on the height of the individual blocks or the width of the plant growth module suspension system in a particular column, and different modules in the same building may have the same or different heights or widths. Although there is no limitation on the height of the buildings, certain embodiments may be conveniently installed in modules which are shorter than a building height.

Detailed description of the drawings

FIG. 1 illustrates an embodiment of a facade with several embodiments of the present invention, together with the drainage according to the state of the art. Fig. 1 shows the basic configuration of the distribution system in a drain pipe configuration mounted on the vertical of the building envelope. The mounting device allows for a rotation of the system along the vertical axis. The horizontal dimension of the system is related to the flow of runoff water and the number of discharge outlets for a specific system configuration. With an increasing volume of runoff water due to a larger roof surface, and/or specific climate conditions, the passive distribution with an increasing number of discharge outlets in one system the number of distribution segments increases linearly. One single unit can be installed or multiple systems can be installed in a stacked configuration where the flow distribution is split in a backflow and flow for discharge out of the system.

A preferred distribution system (1, 21, 61, 71, 81} in Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 6, Fig. 7, Fig. 8 A is shown asa tool that has been developed for a fixed distribution ratio of incoming varying vertical/turbulent flow from a drain pipe by introducing a horizontal laminar flow and cascading principle over multiple segments connected to multiple discharge outlets at the bottom.

Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 8 Ashow a preferred inlet section (2,12, 22, 822), wherein the top part of the system receives fluid/ flow from an (existing) drain pipe and diverts the water into the system with a mesh positioned in the centre of the flow path.

Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 4 show a T-section (3, 13, 23, 43), wherein the system's central component connects the vertical and horizontal components and parts of the system and is affixed to a surface with a mounting frame which allows for rotation of the system along the centre of the vertical axis.

Fig. 1, Fig. 2 show a discharge section (4, 14, 24} wherein the horizontal part of the system embodies a laminar cascading principle for incoming flow with a fixed ratio discharge over multiple outlets at the bottom of the section.

Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, and Fig. 8 A and 8 B show a preferred mounting frame (5, 25, 35, 45, 85). The mounting frame allows system rotation along the vertical axis and the horizontal alignment of the discharge section with an adjustment tool and plumbline.

Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 8 A show preferred screens, in the form of a mesh (6, 36, 46, 86). In a preferred embodiment, this is configured as a cone-shaped cylinder for separating fluid flow and debris using a profile for inducing the Coanda effect, e.g. as set out in US6705049B2, into partial flow directed towards the lumen of the inlet section into the water collector at the bottom of the mesh in the T-section, and continuation of some flow and debris in the central vertical trajectory of the system diverted with an outlet section in the primary flow component connected to the opening of the drain pipe at the bottom of the system.

The mesh is clamped at the bottom onto the water collector. With a ring insert at the top, the mesh is affixed in the centre of the inlet section of the system."

Fig. 3, Fig. 4 show a preferred water collector (7, 37, 47}, configured as a single cylinder part clamped in T-section for the collection of discharge water separated from the mesh, and a sideways opening for flow release into the inlet compartment of the primary flow component. With a clamping principle onto the primary flow component, the positioning of the water collector secures the position of both the flow component and the mesh part.

Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5A, Fig. 5B and Fig. 8 A and B show a preferred primary flow component {8, 28, 38, 48, 58, 88). This is a structural component of the system combining several functionalities.

Placed in the T-section, it may collect and discharge the residue of the primary flow of debris and fluids and the secondary backflow released from the system with a discharge connection at the bottom of the system into the main drain pipe configuration. The T-section fixes the component with a clamping principle using ridges and mounting parts and components inside the T-section. The component has multiple functions, e.g. 1.) acting as a vertical continuation of debris and fluids from the mesh/ rain pipe inside the T-section towards the discharge opening at the bottom of the system into the rain pipe; 2.) acting as an inlet compartment for receiving water flow from the water collector with an internal wall separation with an opening at the bottom, translating the vertical turbulent inflow into a rising laminar flow directed towards the opening connecting the inlet compartment with the flow component, wherein any occurring overflow of the compartment preferably results in a controlled overflow path sideways and is collected directly in the backflow section at the bottom of the component; 3.) offering backflow channels at both sides for redirecting flow back into the main central vertical trajectory and discharge section in the T-section; 5.) offering horizontal backflow parts forming a structural basis for stacking both the flow and distribution components and a sliding fixation for the discharge component and the cover part.

Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 show a fluid and structural connection ring (9, 93, 94) for rising laminar flow from the inlet compartment of the discharge component into the flow profile with a gradual release of flow directed in the centre of the flow profile.

Fig. 3, Fig. 4, and Fig. 5B show a flow profile (10, 301, 401, 501}, i.e. a horizontally stretched symmetric profile with longitudinal ridges providing a spread of fluid over the whole profile length before moving a rising fluid level outward to the profile’s one or two overflow edges. The geometry of the profile results in an optimal laminar spread of the water film reaching the overflow edges for the whole profile length due to the horizontal positioning of the whole profile. The profile has a hydrophilic surface using materials like metal, plastics, and ceramics or with surface treatment, resulting in a wetted surface characteristic and a continuous water film overflowing the whole length of all profile segments, with a reduction of the contact angle and surface tension of fluids reaching the overflow profile. With an edge profile clamped on the overflow parts of the flow profile, induced upward flow at one or two sides is segmented into equal smaller parts of the total flow length of the profile. The profile is mounted in the distribution component, forming a closed casing to divert incoming flow completely.

Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5B, Fig. 8 A and 8B also show an edge profile (11, 311, 411, 511, 811), i.e, a modular segmented part is clamped onto the overflow edges of the flow profile, which further stabilises/ regulates the upward laminar flow reaching the overflow edge. The edge part creates specific dimensions for each segmented overflow edge width for various flows/ thicknesses of the water film.

Adjustments of some of the profiles in relation to a particular discharge segment alter the fixed ratio distribution by widening or narrowing the length of the overflow edge per segment. A discharge outlet of the system can receive more or less of the total distributed flow with adjustments. The profiled edges also stabilise occurring longitudinal disturbances in the flow profile just below the overflow profile, thereby inducing the formation of continuous/ cohesion segmented flow over all edges over the length of the profile. The vertical part of the edge profile positioned at the bottom of the flow profile directs flow downwards, thus separating it from the flow profile due to adhesion forces. The edge profiles are clamped on the flow profile, and once the flow profile is mounted in the segmented distribution component, the edge parts prevent the flow exchange between segments.

A fixed distribution ratio can be changed by easily changing edge profiles, e.g. for a green wall system, the top reservoirs connected to any discharge outlet can receive a higher flow ratio than the other outlets; i.e., for a green wall system, the highest modules normally use 10-20% more water in a period due to exposure to sun and wind. Also, the cascading overflow principle for connecting all reservoirs to the system is optimal, ensuring an eventual maximal filling of the top reservoirs first.

Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5A, Fig. 5B show a distribution component (12, 312, 412, 512), i.e. a modular single unit with walled compartments for all segments related to the edge profile. Each segment thus receives a partial flow directed to one discharge outlet at the bottom of the component corresponding with different channels in the discharge component or backflow channels of the primary flow component. The system's specific flow distribution can be achieved by configuring segments and outlets.

For example, a distribution over 3 or 4 discharge outlets in combination with a ratio of backflow for a lower positioned system in the primary drain pipe for a multi-level configuration for a building. The specific flow distribution determines the length of the outlet section as for each discharge outlet, at minimum, two identical segment lengths at both sides are needed. The distribution component holds the flow profile with the clamped edge parts. It is structurally connected with the inlet chamber of the basic flow component with a sliding rind connecting both. The assembled component slides over the ridges of backflow channels of the basic flow component, and is finally held in place with the placing of the system's cap. The modular disassembly principle allows for easy cleaning and partial upgrading or changing the discharge configuration of the system with a change of the discharge component.

In Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. SA, Fig. 5B, and Fig. BA is shown a discharge component (13, 213, 313, 413, 513, 813), which is positioned at the bottom of the system, with multiple longitudinal channels stretching over the whole length of the system. This component preferably collects water from the above-situated distribution component, and may direct the separated flows towards multiple outlet sections positioned over the length of the system. The discharge compartment can easily slide out of the system and, together with the cover part, be placed in a rotated position, thus changing the position of the discharge openings. Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4 show a removable cap for disassembly of the system for cleaning and/or upgrade and/or replacement of the several components, numbered as 15, 215, 315, and 415,

Fig. 2 and Fig. 4 illustrate a removable and reversible cover for enclosing inner components (14, 214, 414). Fig 1 also shows a building surface (28) at a position for the water distribution module connected to a vertical flow system for runoff water, and a drain pipe (29), a typical vertical pipe attachment that moves runoff water from a roof gutter to a drainage system, which preferably may be the primary water source for the distribution system.

FIG. 2 illustrates the exterior of a system. In Fig. 2, the essential parts of the system as designed are shown: a vertical inlet section aligned with a vertical flow trajectory, a T-section mounted on a surface with two rings at the top and bottom of the T-section. The system as presented can be fully disassembled for cleaning, replacing or upgrading parts and components by removing the cap of the horizontal discharge section which releases the cylinder cover part and the sliding discharge component.

Both can be rotated by 180 degrees and thus change the position of the discharge outlets in the system.

Removal of the curved and rounded profile connecting the inlet chamber from the primary flow component releases the flow and distribution component, which rests on the backflow channels of the primary flow component.

FIG. 3 illustrates the assembled components in a system from top to bottom: a cone-shaped mesh (36) in the vertical flow trajectory separates the flow from the fluid with debris directing the flow to the outer lumen (37) of the compartment using a mesh profile which induces a Coanda effect while discharging any debris to the bottom of the system where it is collected in the initial trajectory. At the bottom of the mesh a water collector (38) is placed in the T-section (33) of the system which directs the collected flow towards the inlet chamber of the primary flow component nested inside the horizontal part of the T-section. As the primary flow component is clamped inside the T-section first, mounting the water collector on top of the component fixates both components. From the first part of the inlet chamber flow is directed to the second part of the inlet chamber resulting in a laminar rising water level which flows over a curved and rounded profile into the centre of the flow profile inside the distribution component. With longitudinal profiling of the flow profile, any flow will be symmetrical ideally but with a horizontal alignment one of two sides will function for low flow intensities.

FIG. 4 illustrates an exploded view of the system of the invention. Fig. 4 shows a tool for horizontal system adjustment with the alignment of a plumbing line on a tool clamped on the mounting frame and rotation of the T-section for horizontal alignment (416).

Fig. 5 A illustrates that with a repetition of modular walled segments with outlets at the bottom of the distribution component, a discharge configuration can be engineered by relating the flow per segment to a channel of the discharge component or backflow part of the primary flow component situated under the distribution component. A repetition of the pattern further improves the accuracy of the configured distribution of the system. Therefore a more complex configuration with for example four discharge outlets combined with backflow for a multi-level distribution configuration results in a variation of lengths of the total flow section of the system.

Fig. 5 B illustrates that the flow part and the segmented distribution part, together with the edge part, form a component which is affixed by the curved ring and rests on the edges of the primary flow component. Any overflow from the flow profile is directed downwards by the vertical parts of the edge profile situated at the bottom of the flow profile. Flow collected is directed towards the openings at the bottom and is released in a longitudinal stretched channel over the length of the system. Distributed flow inside the discharge component is released into the outlets at the bottom of the system and introduced in a configuration of tubes, pipes and reservoirs.

Fig. 6 illustrates that a system is placed above the installation, and the discharge outlets are connected to the reservoirs with tubes connected to the filling units at the top of the reservoirs. The filling unit has a bottom discharge outlet preventing overflow of the reservoirs, which is connected to a second inlet of the lower positioned inlet unit so overflow is first directed towards lower reservoirs and filling them before fed back into the main drain pipe. Also shown here is a typical capillary siphon for green walls in relation to the water reservoirs.

Fig. 6 shows a piping system, comprised of a combination of fluid transport connections and filling units (617) between the discharge outlets of the distribution system and multiple water reservoirs ina configuration providing both a ratio filling for each reservoir individually with a connection of a specific discharge outlet and cascading discharge principle by overflow from top to bottom once reservoirs all filled up. This configuration preferably guarantees an optimal filling of the system before a discharge is fed back into the principal/ main rain pipe. Fig. 6 further shows an exemplary embodiment part comprising one or two water inlets at the top and two discharge outlets at the bottom (618). The main discharge outlet is connected at the top of a water reservoir and is related to the maximum water level. Water entering the part from the inlets is discharged horizontally into the water reservoir. When the water level in the reservoir reaches its maximum height, water reaches the brim of the second internal discharge at the bottom of the unit, thus preventing overflow of the reservoirs and a secondary flow for the reservoir below. Fig. 6 further shows water reservoirs (19, 619) that are prefearbly vertically positioned modular reservoirs connected horizontally at the bottom and/ or top to control the water level of a row of reservoirs with for example a maximum filling of the first connected reservoirs with a bottom connection, before filling the others with a top connection, thus separating units with optimal water availability for greening, and a configuration for additional water retention with extra reservoirs.

Not shown is an optional tap (20) for water extraction and/or cleaning of reservoirs. Fig. 6 further shows passive dynamic water use means {621}, by configuring a capillary connection between water in reservoirs with a.) plants growing in substrates b.) vapour permeable materials (ceramics/ cork) for evaporative cooling, which reacts to a water balance between both ends of the capillary rope, thus dynamically reacting to different climates conditions. Fig. 6 further shows preferred capillary ropes or wicks {622}, by an exemplary capillary siphon with PES ropes reaching from the bottom of the water reservoirs and led back to capillary and vapour permeable materials outside the reservoirs. This principle may advantageously be employed for wick heights for green wall systems up to, and including 70 cm from the reservoir level. Fig. 6 further illustrates a preferred capillary spreading means (623), wherein a capillary surface connecting the capillary ropes with substrates in green wall systems and/or vapour permeable materials for evaporative release of water. Fig. 6 further illustrates a green wall system (624), showing cassettes with plants in substrate watered with the use of capillary ropes or wicks. Fig. 6 further illustrates a preferred cool wall system (625), for evaporative cooling with capillary water transport from the reservoirs towards a vapour-permeable and frost-resistant surface.

Fig. 7 illustrates a typical use of the system in combination with a green wall and/or cool wall and/or water storage for sanitation on different parts of the building envelope, e.g. a multi-storey configuration (727) of the system, wherein a backflow configuration with multiple systems is attached to one drain pipe for flow distribution over multiple floors. Fig. 7 further illustrates a single system configuration (726), wherein one system is used for one configuration, for example a fencing system at ground level. Fig. 7 illustrates the ground-level fencing system uses a single distribution system config and provides passive greening over the height of the fence with stacked water retention. Fig. 7 further illustrates a green and/or cool wall configuration for balconies or gallery floors of multi-level buildings using a stacked config of systems with a backflow distribution. Fig. 7 also illustrates a green and/or cool wall installation which covers a larger facade area with a configuration of the system with a backflow distribution.

Fig. 8 A illustrates a preferred embodiment of a distribution system with a one-sided flow edge profile with an inlet section on the side for flexible positioning near a drainpipe . The water distribution box with static flow distribution described herein provides a reliable and efficient solution for distributing water flow from a single source to multiple outlet openings. The system ensures a uniform flow distribution through the use of a static flow distribution mechanism and provides individual control over the flow rate at each outlet opening.

Fig. 8 B illustrates that the distribution system of Figure 8 A is connected to a rain water pipe, using a conventional bifurcation or downspout Y-section. This embodiment requires the need for a horizontal overflow edge 811 in the enclosure, however has the benefit that the insert in the downspout itself does not have to be aligned with the inflow unit. However, the distribution system itself requires to be essentially horizontally positioned to be fully operational.

The following table lists the components and parts as numbered in the drawings:

Table: Listing of components and reference numbers

No. | Component 5

OO 1,24,61,71,81 OO Distributionsystem 3, 13, 23, 43 _ T-section í aaa OO Dischargesegtion TT sss 0 Mowsmgteme 6, 36, 46, 86 # Mesh í ae stereeator saas OO prmayfowcomponemt 9,93, 94 _ Ring í aas THowpretie TT 11,311, 411, 511, 811 _ Edge profile í 12, 312, 412, 512 # Distribution component

C133 sis a3 513813 Discharge component 14, 214, 414 | Cover 15,215, 315, 415 _ Cap í ae adustmentrool 17, 617 | Piping system í seg tige ses teren _ Tap í aen Passive dynamic water use

Comer pyres 23,623 # Capillary spread í aes Greenwalisystem 25, 625 | Cool wall system 26,726 _ Single system config í 28 _ Building surface í 29 | Drain pipe

It should be understood that the above description and accompanying drawings are only illustrative of specific embodiments of the invention.

Various alternatives, modifications, and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art in light of the foregoing description, which is intended to encompass all such alternatives, modifications, and variations.

Numerous modifications and variations of embodiments of the present invention are possible in light of the above teachings, and therefore, within the scope of the appended claims, the invention may be practiced otherwise than as particularly described.

Claims

Conclusions

1. Vertically mounted, static water distribution system, comprising:

a. an enclosure provided with an inlet port and an outlet section;

b. optional removable lid;

c. a drain body having at least two drain-outlet passages therethrough, each drain-outlet passage extending along the axial flow direction downstream of the enclosure;

d. a turbulence reduction unit located within the enclosure and across the flow path between the inlet port and the discharge-outlet passage.

A system according to claim 1, wherein the turbulence reduction unit (d} comprises:

i. a screen comprising a sheet having a plurality of perforations through the surface of the sheet for splitting the velocity components of an incoming fluid flow into partial components so that an amount of motion is transmitted between the fluid along the flow path of the screen; and il. a laminar flow unit positioned between the screen and the discharge outlet, the unit consisting of a sheet forming a substantially transverse opening over at least 80% of the width of the enclosure, and positioned transversely in the flow path of the fluid flow, in such a manner that a substantially uniform laminar flow velocity profile is introduced into a fluid flow in the enclosure by minimizing disturbances in a fluid flow flowing through the opening; and

Hi. a static flow distribution unit configured to distribute fluid flow from the laminar flow unit to a reservoir portion; and iv. wherein the reservoir portion includes a fluid reservoir in fluid communication with the drain-outlet passageway, including a reservoir limited by a threshold, in such a manner that only fluid passing the threshold can flow to the drain-outlet passageway.

The system of claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the screen comprises a sheet having a plurality of perforations through the surface or a grid, the screen preferably being configured to be removably positioned within the enclosure, yet preferably in such a way that it can be arranged in a sliding manner in the enclosure.

A system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the laminar flow unit (ii) is positioned between the screen and the static flow distribution unit, and comprises a sheet forming a substantially rectangular transverse opening positioned in a lower third of the sheet, and preferably configured to be removably positioned within the enclosure, and even better to be slidably disposed within the enclosure.

A system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the static flow distribution unit (iii) comprises channels defined by edges parallel to an axial direction of the enclosure, and outlet enclosures allowing the distribution of fluid flow to individual outlets, between the turbulence reduction unit and the discharge outlet passageway which substantially distributes the flow to the outlets in accordance with the incoming fluid flow rate.

6. System according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising a water direction unit configured to supply rainwater by partially displacing part of the rainwater film in a rainwater pipe to the water distribution system, preferably by providing an opening in the pipe through which part of the film can flow through the inlet opening, by using the Coanda effect on the falling film.

The system of any preceding claim, further comprising an adjustable flow control mechanism associated with each outlet opening, the adjustable flow control mechanism being operable to independently control the flow of water through each outlet opening; wherein the self-adjusting mechanism includes a flow control mechanism that distributes the flow in accordance with the incoming fluid flow rate, preferably using adjustable edges, flanges, or openings.

A system according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising the static power distribution unit comprising an active or passive leveling device to adjust the horizontal position of the system.

9. System for providing one or more rainwater storage devices and/or plant devices that is or are installed near a facade of a building, comprising one or more systems according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. System according to claim 3, wherein the one or more outlets are each connected to the self-adjusting flow control mechanism, for the purpose of delivering water to desired locations, further comprising:

a. one or more rainwater collection panels which are intended to be mounted on a facade of a building, wherein the rainwater collection panels each comprise a distribution system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, and b. one or more rainwater storage tanks are positioned in the building and which are in fluid connection with the rainwater collection panel: with a view to receiving and storing collected rainwater; and c. a rainwater distribution network comprising a plurality of pipes or channels, wherein the rainwater distribution network is connected to a rainwater storage tank and extends along the facade of the building.

A system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the static flow distribution mechanism comprises a series of baffles or channels positioned in the distribution space to uniformly distribute the incoming water flow to the plurality of outlet openings.

A system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein each adjustable flow control mechanism comprises a flow control valve or gate that can be adjusted to independently control the flow of water through each outlet, preferably wherein the distribution system is modular and can be connected to additional distribution systems to form a larger water distribution network to create a green facade and/or a vertical garden structure, and/or including one or more ventilation openings to eliminate under or over pressure in the system.

A system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein one or more modules comprising adjustable flow control mechanisms can be adjusted using rotational or sliding mechanisms to adjust the water flow rate flowing through each outlet opening.

14. System according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising:

a. a water tank module for receiving the distributed rainwater, optionally comprising an overflow unit for draining rainwater therefrom;

b. a compartment for receiving and growing a plant therein, with a closed bottom and with an open top, wherein the compartment defines a space for receiving soil comprising one or more plants, further comprising a drainage opening for drainage from the space draining rainwater;

c. a water evaporative cooling unit;

d. a gray water user element; and e. a pipe connecting the water tank and the plant compartment and/or the evaporative cooling unit, for transporting the rainwater from the water tank module.

A method for sharing rainwater using a static rainwater distribution system according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the method comprises:

a. collecting and distributing rainwater by using one or more systems that are fluidly connected to a drainage pipe for rainwater on a facade of a building;

b. sharing the amount of rainwater per outlet along the facade of the building, by using a distribution network that includes a multitude of pipes or channels and a multitude of outlets; and optional c. adapting the settings of the distribution system to the obtained volumes of rainwater.

16. Kit of parts comprising a unit for collecting water from an upper surface and distributing it to the rainwater pipe; a rainwater pipe; a system according to any one of the preceding claims; and a discharge section.

17. Method for retrofitting an existing building by removing a drainage system and providing a system according to any one of claims 1 to 14.

Use of a system according to any one of claims 1 to 14, for the distribution of rainwater to a building or a structure,