NL2032728A - Tunnel multi-section parallel expanding method for accelerating construction on basis of existing tunnel - Google Patents

Tunnel multi-section parallel expanding method for accelerating construction on basis of existing tunnel Download PDF

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Publication number
NL2032728A
NL2032728A NL2032728A NL2032728A NL2032728A NL 2032728 A NL2032728 A NL 2032728A NL 2032728 A NL2032728 A NL 2032728A NL 2032728 A NL2032728 A NL 2032728A NL 2032728 A NL2032728 A NL 2032728A
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tunnel
construction
existing
sections
section
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NL2032728A
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Dutch (nl)
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NL2032728B1 (en
Inventor
Yang Chunping
Liu Pin
Zhang Weihua
Cui Xuan
tian Jiao
Du Bin
Hu Qiang
Liu Xiaoyong
Zhang Yin
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Guizhou Transp Planning Survery And Design Academe Co Ltd
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/01—Methods or apparatus for enlarging or restoring the cross-section of tunnels, e.g. by restoring the floor to its original level
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
    • E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/006—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries by making use of blasting methods
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/008—Driving transverse tunnels starting from existing tunnels
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/12—Devices for removing or hauling away excavated material or spoil; Working or loading platforms
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/14—Layout of tunnels or galleries; Constructional features of tunnels or galleries, not otherwise provided for, e.g. portals, day-light attenuation at tunnel openings
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
    • E21F16/00—Drainage
    • E21F16/02—Drainage of tunnels
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V9/00—Prospecting or detecting by methods not provided for in groups G01V1/00 - G01V8/00
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/20—Hydro energy

Abstract

Disclosed is a tunnel multi—section parallel expanding method for accelerating construction on the basis of existing tunnels. The existing tunnels are used as pilot tunnels for preceding construction, expansion construction sections of the tunnels are 5 divided into existing tunnel parallel working sections and expanded tunnel cycle working sections, and the existing tunnel parallel working sections are subjected to transverse fine geological forecast, advanced drainage and advanced grouting reinforcement of surrounding rocks around the tunnels and drilling 10 construction of blast holes in tunnel expanded excavation sides according to a sectional parallel construction technology. The expanded tunnel cycle working sections are subjected to transverse millisecond blasting excavation of surrounding rocks, mucking and outward, transporting, mechanical dismantling of existing tunnel l5 structures, construction of expanded tunnel supporting structures and the like according to a sectional assembly line construction technology. By completing relatively time—consuming geological forecast for surrounding rocks, surrounding rock reinforcement and blast hole drilling construction of the existing tunnel parallel 20 working sections in advance, the number of cycle construction processes in the expanded tunnel cycle working sections is ingeniously reduced, expansion construction speeds of the tunnels are greatly increased while the construction safety of the tunnels is significantly improved, and thus, the method is suitable for 25 reconstruction and expansion construction of various tunnels. (+ Fig. l)

Description

TUNNEL MULTI-SECTION PARALLEL EXPANDING METHOD FOR ACCELERATING CONSTRUCTION ON BASIS OF EXISTING TUNNEL
TECHNICAL FIELD The present disclosure relates to a tunnel multi-section par- allel expanding method for accelerating construction on the basis of existing tunnels, and belongs to the technical field of tunnel construction.
BACKGROUND ART With the rapid development of national economy, the vehicle ownership has significantly increased, resulting in seriously in- adequate traffic capacity of certain expressways built in the ear- ly stage. In order to meet the increasing demand for transporta- tion, reconstruction and expansion construction of newly-built ex- pressways or existing expressways is an effective solution, where- in reconstruction and expansion construction of the expressways can effectively improve the traffic capacity and use performance of existing routes, and has gradually become a widely accepted ex- pansion solution of an expressway network. Due to the influence of structures of the existing routes, the reconstruction and expan- sion construction of the expressways is often more complicated than new construction of expressways, and related construction is more challenging, which needs high attention of engineering tech- nicians. As an important part of the reconstruction and expansion construction of the expressways, the expansion construction of tunnels causes high disturbance damage to surrounding rocks around the tunnels as it involves dismantling of existing lining struc- tures, surrounding rock expanded excavation and structural recon- struction, and large-scale tunnel collapse accidents may be caused if the tunnels are not properly treated during construction. Meanwhile, in order to restore road traffic capacity as soon as possible, reconstruction and expansion projects generally have a very strict requirement on construction periods, resulting in a series of problems such as tight schedules, high construction risks and complex construction processes during the expansion con-
struction of the tunnels, and their construction difficulties far go beyond the new construction of the conventional tunnels. At present, there are relatively fewer studies on the expansion con- struction of the tunnels, and the expansion construction is still in the early stage of practical exploration. It is of great prac- tical significance to study a tunnel multi-section parallel ex- panding method for accelerating construction on the basis of the existing tunnels with reference to related construction conditions of the expansion construction of the tunnels.
SUMMARY By this, the present disclosure aims at providing a tunnel multi-section parallel expanding method for accelerating construc- tion on the basis of the existing tunnels to overcome the defects in the prior art.
The objective of the present disclosure is achieved by the following technical solutions.
A tunnel multi-section parallel expanding method for acceler- ating construction on the basis of the existing tunnels includes the following steps: sl, using the existing tunnels as pilot tunnels for preceding construction, dividing tunnel expansion construction regions into a plurality of construction sections, and dividing each construc- tion section into an existing tunnel parallel working section and an expanded tunnel cycle working section; s2, conducting construction auxiliary work and preliminary preparatory work before expanded excavation of the tunnels on the existing tunnel parallel working sections; 83, synchronously conducting expansion construction on the expanded tunnel cycle working sections, comprising: excavating surrounding rocks of upper and middle steps of expanded tunnels on front sections, dismantling upper portion structures of the exist- ing tunnels, and constructing initial supporting structures of the upper and middle steps of the expanded tunnels; s4, dismantling existing structures of lower steps of the ex- panded tunnels and excavating surrounding rocks on middle sections of the expanded tunnel cycle working sections, and constructing initial supporting structures of lower portions of the expanded tunnels; and s5, constructing inverted arches, inverted arch backfilling, secondary lining and other structures of the expanded tunnels on rear sections of the expanded tunnel cycle working sections.
According to the above tunnel multi-section parallel expand- ing method, transverse geological forecast, advanced treatment of surrounding rocks and drilling construction of blast holes are conducted on front, middle and rear sections of the existing tun- nel parallel working sections according to a sectional parallel construction technology; and surrounding rock excavation, mucking and outward transporting, mechanical dismantling of existing tun- nel structures and construction of expanded tunnel supporting structures are conducted on the expanded tunnel cycle working sec- tions according to a sectional assembly line construction technol- ogy.
According to the above tunnel multi-section parallel expand- ing method, in step sl, there are a plurality of construction sec- tions arranged according to a layout condition of existing vehicle and pedestrian transverse passageways in the tunnels, and the con- struction sections include conventional construction sections and intermittent construction sections; and construction may be imple- mented at the plurality of construction sections in parallel.
According to the above tunnel multi-section parallel expand- ing method, only one conventional construction section is arranged for a short tunnel not provided with the vehicle and pedestrian transverse passageways; entrance and exit ends of a middle tunnel provided with a pedestrian transverse passageway are each provided with one conventional construction section; and entrance and exit ends of a long or extra-long tunnel provided with a vehicle trans- verse passageway and emergency parking strips are each provided with one conventional construction section, in addition, the long or extra-long tunnel may be additionally provided with intermit- tent construction sections based on the vehicle transverse pas- sageway and the emergency parking strips, and the number of the intermittent construction sections is matched with that of the emergency parking strips.
According to the above tunnel multi-section parallel expand-
ing method, in step s2, the existing tunnel parallel working sec- tions are arranged in front of the expanded tunnel cycle working sections in a tunnel expanded excavation construction direction as an advancing direction, the existing tunnel parallel working sec- tions are divided into front, middle and rear working sections, and division of work is: (1) conducting multi-section transverse fine geological fore- cast of the surrounding rocks of the tunnels on the front sections of the existing tunnel parallel working sections; {2) conducting advanced treatment construction of the sur- rounding rocks on the middle sections of the existing tunnel par- allel working sections according to a geological forecast detec- tion result, specifically comprising transverse drainage consoli- dation of the surrounding rocks and construction of a grouting re- inforcement shell of the surrounding rocks; and (3) designing related blasting parameters of transverse mil- lisecond blasting according to the geological forecast detection result, and then conducting drilling construction of related blast holes on the rear sections of the existing tunnel parallel working sections.
The above tunnel multi-section parallel expanding method, specifically includes: 1) forming a relatively precise geological detection model for the surrounding rocks around the tunnels through a longitudi- nal multi-section transverse short-distance geological detection result of the tunnels; 2) when it is geologically detected that the surrounding rocks are rich in water, diverting underground water in advance from interiors of the existing tunnels to deep construction drain- age holes of the surrounding rocks on the middle sections of the existing tunnel parallel working sections, so as to improve con- struction environments of tunnel excavation sections; and mean- while, drilling grouting holes into the deep of the surrounding rocks from the interiors of the existing tunnels on the middle sections of the existing tunnel parallel working sections, so as to conduct grouting reinforcement on the surrounding rocks outside contour lines of the expanded tunnels, and forming a reliable sur-
rounding rock grouting reinforcement shell outside the excavation contour lines of the expanded tunnels before the surrounding rocks are excavated; and 3) conducting drilling construction of related blast holes 5 into interiors of the surrounding rocks on expanded excavation sides in a longitudinal densely-arranged manner on the rear sec- tions of the existing tunnel parallel working sections.
The above tunnel multi-section parallel expanding method, specifically includes: 1) the transverse short-distance geological forecast detec- tion range being 10 m-15 m outside the contour lines of the exist- ing tunnels; 2) achieving a radial jumping grouting effect that only the surrounding rocks outside the contour lines of the expanded tun- nels are subjected to grouting reinforcement while the ranges of the expanded tunnels are not grouted by arranging grouting pipes with different lengths and arranging grouting stopping sections with different lengths at tail ends of the grouting pipes; and 3) drilling the blast holes in advance, and stuffing casing pipes into the blast holes, so as to prevent hole collapse under the action of tunnel blasting vibration, wherein the transverse drainage holes and the grouting holes drilled in the early stage may be directly used as the blast holes if their positions are proper, so that the workload of blast hole construction is re- duced.
According to the above tunnel multi-section parallel expand- ing method, in step s3, the expanded tunnel cycle working sections are divided into front, middle and rear working sections in the tunnel expanded excavation construction direction as the advancing direction, wherein the front sections of the expanded tunnel cycle working sections are subdivided into cycle working sections on ex- isting tunnel sides and cycle working sections on tunnel expanded excavation sides, and division of work is: (1) sequentially conducting charging blasting of upper and middle steps of the cycle working sections on the tunnel expanded excavation sides, mucking and outward transporting and initial supporting construction in an alternate construction manner;
(2) mechanically dismantling tunnel supporting structures away from the expanded excavation sides on the cycle working sec- tions on the existing tunnel sides, constructing initial support- ing, and enabling the initial supporting on the expanded excava- tion sides and the initial supporting away from the expanded exca- vation sides to be connected together in a butted manner; and (3) mechanically dismantling tunnel supporting structures close to the expanded excavation sides on the cycle working sec- tions on the existing tunnel sides.
The above tunnel multi-section parallel expanding method, specifically includes: 1) firstly, conducting blasting construction of the upper steps of the cycle working sections on the tunnel expanded excava- tion sides, constructing initial supporting of related construc- tion sections in time after tunnel muck leading and transporting are completed, and then conducting blasting excavation of the mid- dle steps of the cycle working sections on the tunnel expanded ex- cavation sides, tunnel muck truck loading and outward transporting and initial supporting construction, wherein the blast holes are charged: middle and rear sections of the blast holes are charged while front sections are stuffed with stemming for blocking; and an initiation sequence is set into millisecond initiation: blast holes in an upper portion of a first ring are initiated, followed by initiation of blast holes in middle and lower portions of the first ring; after blasting of the first ring, blast holes of a next ring are sequentially initiated according to the above rule; the number of rings of blast holes initiated at a time should be determined according to the surrounding rock condition, one or two rings of blast holes can be blasted if surrounding rocks are relatively stable, but at most three rings of blast holes are blasted at a time, so as to ensure there are enough free faces during every blasting; and meanwhile, transverse blasting energy is mainly released to the back of the free faces, and the surrounding rocks can be thrown to the back in the tunnel expanded excavation direction; 2) cutting off the existing tunnel lining structures away from the expanded excavation sides block by block, then finishing the tunnel excavation sections, constructing the initial support- ing structures away from the expanded excavation sides in time, and enabling I steel of the initial supporting away from the ex- panded excavation sides to be connected with I steel structures of the initial supporting on the expanded excavation sides through bolts; and 3) mechanically dismantling the existing tunnel supporting structures close to the expanded excavation sides through longitu- dinally sectional and section-by-section dismantling methods.
According to the above tunnel multi-section parallel expand- ing method, construction of upper and middle steps of the cycle working sections on the tunnel expanded excavation sides specifi- cally includes: 1) longitudinally dividing blasting sections of the tunnel sections according to the designed blasting parameters, and then sequentially conducting charging construction of corresponding blast holes on the cycle working sections on the existing tunnel sides; 2) sequentially conducting transverse millisecond blasting construction, construction ventilation and blind shot checking; wherein an exhaust ventilation mode is adopted for construction ventilation, ventilation pipes are arranged within a range of 20 m behind the cycle working sections on the tunnel expanded excava- tion sides, and dust and the like generated during construction are directly extracted from the tunnels through air pipes; 3) conducting temporary mechanical supporting reinforcement of existing lining structures on the cycle working sections on the existing tunnel sides, so as to prevent accidents of instability and collapse of the existing tunnel lining structures disturbed by blasting construction; 4) conducting tunnel muck truck loading and outward trans- porting work on the cycle working sections on the tunnel expanded excavation sides; and 5) constructing initial supporting on the tunnel expanded ex- cavation sides on the cycle working sections on the tunnel expand- ed excavation sides, and enabling ends of arches of the initial supporting on the expanded excavation sides to be firmly connected with the existing tunnel structures.
Compared with the prior art, according to the tunnel multi- section parallel expanding method for accelerating construction on the basis of the existing tunnels, disclosed by the present dis- closure, the existing tunnels are used as the pilot tunnels for leading construction, the expansion construction sections of the tunnels are divided into the existing tunnel parallel working sec- tions and the expanded tunnel cycle working sections, and the ex- isting tunnel parallel working sections are in charge of complet- ing transverse fine geological forecast, advanced drainage and ad- vanced grouting reinforcement of the surrounding rocks around the tunnels and drilling construction of the blast holes on the tunnel expanded excavation sides by longitudinally arranging related con- struction equipment and working trolleys in the existing tunnels; the expanded tunnel cycle working sections are subjected to trans- verse millisecond blasting excavation of the surrounding rocks, mucking and outward transporting, mechanical dismantling of the existing tunnel structures, construction of expanded tunnel sup- porting structures and the like according to the sectional assem- bly line construction technology; and by completing relatively time-consuming geological forecast of the surrounding rocks, sur- rounding rock reinforcement and blast hole drilling construction of the existing tunnel parallel working sections in advance, the number of cycle construction processes in the expanded tunnel cy- cle working sections is ingeniously reduced, expansion construc- tion speeds of the tunnels are greatly increased while the con- struction safety of the tunnels is significantly improved, and thus, the method is suitable for the reconstruction and expansion construction of various tunnels.
The present disclosure has the following beneficial effects: (1) A geological detection model of the surrounding rocks around the tunnels is formed according to a detection result by conducting multi-section transverse short-distance geological de- tection on the front sections of the existing tunnel parallel working sections; and compared with conventional longitudinal long-distance geological forecast, the transverse short-distance geological detection result has higher accuracy, a detection range outside contours of the tunnels is wider, and reliable geological detection data can be provided for excavation construction of the tunnels.
(2) Underground water can be diverted in advance from interi- ors of the existing tunnels to deep construction drainage holes of the surrounding rocks on the middle sections of the existing tun- nel parallel working sections; and compared with conventional lon- gitudinal advanced drainage holes, the transverse drainage holes can better divert the underground water, which can well achieve the drainage consolidation effect of the surrounding rocks and ef- fectively improve construction environments of excavation sections of the tunnels, and the transverse drainage holes can serve as ge- ological drill holes to further validate the condition of the sur- rounding rocks around the tunnels.
(3) As a reliable surrounding rock grouting reinforcement shell is formed at positions, on the middle sections of the exist- ing tunnel parallel working sections, of peripheries of expanded tunnels by a jumping grouting technology, and grouting processes are conducted in advance, sufficient solidification time is gained for grouting slurry, the grouting reinforcement effect of the grouting slurry for the surrounding rocks is far superior to that of tunnel advanced supporting grouting reinforcement and system anchor rod reinforcement, and jumping grouting can replace conven- tional advanced supporting and system anchor rods. Due to omission of advanced supporting and system anchor rod construction, the cy- cle working intensity of the following expanded tunnel cycle work- ing sections can be further reduced, which is beneficial to in- creasing the construction speed.
(4) The transverse blast holes are densely formed from the existing tunnel sides to the tunnel expanded excavation sides on the rear sections of the existing tunnel parallel working sec- tions, and the explosive charge of a single hole is reduced, thereby achieving small-explosive-amount controlled blasting exca- vation on the surrounding rocks on the expanded excavation sides in a transverse millisecond blasting manner; and compared with conventional longitudinal drilling and blasting construction,
blasting energy of the transverse blast holes is mainly released towards excavation free faces along axes of the tunnels, thereby, on one hand, significantly improving the excavation efficiency of blasting construction of the surrounding rocks and greatly reduc- ing the use amount of explosive, and on the other hand, effective- ly reducing disturbance damage to the surrounding rocks around the tunnels and the existing tunnel supporting structures.
In addi- tion, the surrounding rocks are thrown towards the back of the tunnel expanded excavation direction along with blasting capacity during blasting, thereby being beneficial to development of fol- lowing tunnel muck truck loading and outward transporting works. (5) The expansion construction sections of the tunnels are divided into the existing tunnel parallel working sections and the expanded section cycle working sections by fully using a smooth construction condition of the existing tunnels in the longitudinal direction, and then three relatively time-consuming auxiliary con- struction processes of geological forecast, advanced treatment of the surrounding rocks and drilling construction of the blast holes of the existing tunnel parallel working sections on the front are completed in advance, so that the working intensity of the expand- ed tunnel cycle working sections is greatly reduced; and compared with a conventional tunnel reconstruction and expansion construc- tion method, a logical relationship of part of necessary processes is changed into parallel works from assembly line works in a man- ner of additionally arranging the parallel working sections, thereby effectively shortening time needed to be consumed by con- struction cycles in the tunnels, and achieving the effect of greatly increasing the construction speed of the tunnels; {6) Tunnel expanded section construction is divided into five steps of excavation and supporting of upper steps of the surround- ing rocks on the expanded excavation sides, excavation and sup- porting of middle steps of the surrounding rocks on the expanded excavation sides, mechanical dismantling and replacing of tunnel supporting structures away from the expanded excavation sides, me- chanical dismantling of tunnel supporting structures close to the expanded excavation sides and excavation of lower steps of the tunnels and construction of supporting structures; and during con-
struction, the existing tunnel structures are fully used as tempo- rary supporting structures, the construction safety of the tunnels is ensured based on a sectional expansion principle, and the whole set of construction process is scientific and reasonable in de- sign, high in operability and high in popularization and applica- tion value.
Other advantages, objectives and features of the present dis- closure will be described in the following specification to some extent, and to some extent, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art based on the observational study hereinafter, or les- sons can be gained from the practice of the present disclosure. The objectives and other advantages of the present disclosure may be achieved and obtained from the following specification.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS To make the objectives, the technical solutions and the ad- vantages of the present disclosure clearer, the present disclosure will be further described in detail below with reference to accom- panying drawings, wherein: FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an expanding method according to the present disclosure.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of arrangement of construction working faces of parallel works of related construction processes of expanded tunnels.
FIG. 3 is an arrangement diagram of construction sections of a short tunnel (an exit is taken as an example).
FIG. 4 is an arrangement diagram of construction sections of a middle tunnel (with a pedestrian transverse passageway) .
FIG. 5 is an arrangement diagram of adjacent intermittent construction sections of a long or extra-long tunnel (with vehicle and pedestrian transverse passageways).
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of jumping grouting reinforce- ment of surrounding rocks outside contour lines of expanded tun- nels.
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of charging blasting construc- tion of upper steps of expanded excavation working faces.
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of arrangement of initial sup- porting of upper steps of expanded excavation working faces.
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of charging blasting construc- tion of middle steps of expanded excavation working faces.
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of arrangement of initial sup- porting of middle steps of expanded excavation working faces.
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of dismantling construction of existing tunnel supporting structures away from expanded excava- tion sides.
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of construction of initial supporting for expanded tunnels away from expanded excavation sides.
FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of mechanical dismantling of existing tunnel structures close to expanded excavation sides.
FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of excavation of lower por- tions of expanded tunnels and construction of initial supporting for inverted arches.
FIG.15 is a schematic diagram of inverted arches, inverted arch backfilling and secondary lining construction of expanded ex- cavation tunnels.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS Preferred embodiments of the present disclosure will be de- scribed in detail below with reference to the accompanying draw- ings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments are merely intended to describe the present disclosure instead of lim- iting the scope of protection of the present disclosure.
As shown in FIG. 1-FIG. 15, A tunnel multi-section parallel expanding method for acceler- ating construction on the basis of the existing tunnels includes the following steps: sl, using the existing tunnels as pilot tunnels for preceding construction, dividing tunnel expansion construction regions into a plurality of construction sections, and dividing each construc- tion section into an existing tunnel parallel working section and an expanded tunnel cycle working section; s2, conducting construction auxiliary work and preliminary preparatory work before expanded excavation of the tunnels on the existing tunnel parallel working sections; s3, synchronously conducting expansion construction on the expanded tunnel cycle working sections, comprising: excavating surrounding rocks of upper and middle steps of expanded tunnels on front sections, dismantling upper portion structures of the exist- ing tunnels, and constructing initial supporting structures of the upper and middle steps of the expanded tunnels; s4, dismantling existing structures of lower steps of the ex- panded tunnels and excavating surrounding rocks on middle sections of the expanded tunnel cycle working sections, and constructing initial supporting structures of lower portions of the expanded tunnels; and s5, constructing inverted arches, inverted arch backfilling, secondary lining and other structures of the expanded tunnels on rear sections of the expanded tunnel cycle working sections.
Specifically, transverse geological forecast, advanced treat- ment of surrounding rocks and drilling construction of blast holes are conducted on front, middle and rear sections of the existing tunnel parallel working sections according to a sectional parallel construction technology; and surrounding rock excavation, muck loading and outward transporting, mechanical dismantling of exist- ing tunnel structures and construction of expanded tunnel support- ing structures are conducted on the expanded tunnel cycle working sections according to a sectional assembly line construction tech- nology.
Tunnel muck and engineering materials are transported to cycle working sections on tunnel expanded excavation sides through expanded excavation tunnels.
If accidents of tunnel face collapse and supporting structure collapse occur in the related working sections during construction, constructors in the existing tunnel parallel working sections and cycle working sections on existing tunnel sides evacuate to the front of an expanded excavation di- rection, and constructors in the cycle working sections on the tunnel expanded excavation sides evacuate to the back of the ex- panded excavation direction.
In step sl, there are a plurality of construction sections arranged according to a layout condition of existing vehicle and pedestrian transverse passageways in the tunnels, and the con- struction sections include conventional construction sections and intermittent construction sections; and construction may be imple-
mented at the plurality of construction sections in parallel. Spe- cifically, only one conventional construction section is arranged for a short tunnel not provided with vehicle and pedestrian trans- verse passageways; entrance and exit ends of a middle tunnel pro- vided with a pedestrian transverse passageway are each provided with one conventional construction section; and inlet and outlet ends of a long or extra-long tunnel provided with a vehicle trans- verse passageway and emergency parking strips are each provided with one conventional construction section, in addition, the long or extra-long tunnel may be additionally provided with intermit- tent construction sections based on the vehicle transverse pas- sageway and the emergency parking strips, and the number of the intermittent construction sections is matched with that of the emergency parking strips.
At the intermittent construction sections, expanded excava- tion working faces are arranged at two ends of the emergency park- ing strips, and the tunnel muck and the engineering materials are transported to the cycle working sections on the tunnel expanded excavation sides through the vehicle transverse passageways. If accidents of tunnel face collapse and supporting structure col- lapse occur in the related working faces during construction, con- structors in the existing tunnel parallel working sections and the cycle working sections on the existing tunnel sides evacuate to- wards the front of the expanded excavation direction to another tunnel through the pedestrian transverse passageways, and con- structors in the cycle working sections on the tunnel expanded ex- cavation sides evacuate towards the back of the expanded excava- tion direction to another tunnel through the vehicle transverse passageways. Construction organization of the intermittent con- struction sections should be determined with reference to a vehi- cle traffic condition of another tunnel, time sections with small traffic flow should be selected as much as possible for central- ized transportation of the tunnel muck and the engineering materi- als, and corresponding traffic management and control should be conducted during transportation, so as to ensure driving safety.
In step s2, the existing tunnel parallel working sections are arranged in front of the expanded tunnel cycle working sections in the tunnel expanded excavation construction direction as an ad- vancing direction, the existing tunnel parallel working sections are divided into front, middle and rear working sections, and di- vision of work is: (1) conducting multi-section transverse fine geological fore- cast of the surrounding rocks of the tunnels on the front sections of the existing tunnel parallel working sections; (2) conducting advanced treatment construction of the sur- rounding rocks on the middle sections of the existing tunnel par- allel working sections according to a geological forecast detec- tion result, specifically comprising transverse drainage consoli- dation of the surrounding rocks and construction of a grouting re- inforcement shell of the surrounding rocks; and (3) designing related blasting parameters of transverse mil- lisecond blasting according to the geological forecast detection result, and then conducting drilling construction of related blast holes on the rear sections of the existing tunnel parallel working sections.
Specific construction details are as follows: 1) Transverse fine geological forecast of the surrounding rocks of the tunnels is conducted on the front sections of the ex- isting tunnel parallel working sections; The transverse fine geological forecast refers to longitudi- nal multi-section transverse fine forecast conducted on the sur- rounding rocks around the tunnels, the trolley in A Tunnel Lining Maintenance Trolley and A Lining Fault Repair Method {CN114046156A) may be used for the forecast work may be used in the forecast work, the surrounding rocks around the tunnels are precisely detected in a short distance by carrying geological ra- dar or other surrounding rock detection equipment on an overhead traveling crane with a lifting platform, arranged on the above trolley, and a relatively precise geological detection model for the surrounding rocks around the tunnels can be formed through a multi-cross-section longitudinal equal-interval short-distance ge- ological detection result.
Wherein a detection range is 10 m-15 m outside contour lines of the tunnels, and preferably, an upper limit is set for a detec-
tion distance on the expanded excavation sides, and a lower limit is set for a detection distance away from the expanded excavation sides.
Transverse short-distance geological detection is adopted, its result shows that compared with conventional tunnel longitudi- nal long-distance geological detection, its detection range for the surrounding rocks outside the contours of the tunnels is wid- er, the accuracy of the detection result is higher, and then reli- able surrounding rock detection information is provided for tunnel construction, thereby effectively preventing tunnel construction accidents caused by abrupt geological change. In addition, if there are still doubts about the surrounding rocks after detec- tion, radial geological drilling may be conducted on the surround- ing rocks at the periphery on the existing tunnel sides, so as to further detect a condition of the surrounding rocks.
2) The advanced treatment construction of the surrounding rocks such as transverse drainage consolidation and radial jumping grouting is conducted on the middle sections of the existing tun- nel parallel working sections according to the geological forecast detection result of the tunnel surrounding rocks.
As geological forecast and detection work greatly goes beyond the cycle working sections on the tunnel expanded excavation sides, when it is detected that the surrounding rocks are rich in water, underground water can be diverted in advance from interiors of the existing tunnels to deep construction drainage holes of the surrounding rocks on the middle sections of the existing tunnel parallel working sections, so as to improve construction environ- ments of following tunnel face excavation; and meanwhile, grouting holes are drilled into the deep of the surrounding rocks from the interiors of the existing tunnels on the middle sections of the existing tunnel parallel working sections, so as to conduct radial Jumping grouting on the surrounding rocks outside contour lines of expanded tunnels.
Radial jumping grouting refers to a fact that only the sur- rounding rocks outside ranges of the expanded tunnels are subject- ed to grouting reinforcement while the surrounding rocks within the ranges of the expanded tunnels are not grouted, which can form a reliable surrounding rock grouting reinforcement shell outside the excavation contour lines before the tunnels are excavated. As the grouting construction greatly goes beyond tunnel excavation construction, sufficient setting time is gained for grouting slur- ry; and jumping grouting has reliable slurry plugging sections, so that the above grouting effect is extremely good, the reinforce- ment effect on the surrounding rocks is far superior to that of tunnel advanced supporting reinforcement and system anchor rod re- inforcement, and jumping grouting can replace conventional ad- vanced supporting and system anchor rods. Due to omission of ad- vanced supporting and system anchor rod construction, construction processes of the expanded tunnel cycle working sections can be further reduced, and construction cycles are accelerated, which is beneficial to increasing the construction speed.
A conventional grouting technology may be used for radial jumping grouting construction: a radial jumping grouting effect can be achieved by arranging grouting pipes with different lengths into the surrounding rocks and arranging grouting stopping sec- tions with different lengths at tail ends of the grouting pipes.
3) Related blasting parameters of transverse millisecond blasting are designed with reference to the proven surrounding rock condition on the tunnel expanded excavation sides, and then drilling construction of related blast holes is conducted on the rear sections of the existing tunnel parallel working sections; as the blast holes are drilled in advance, casing pipes can be stuffed into the blast holes, so as to prevent hole collapse under the action of tunnel blasting vibration; and the transverse drainage holes and the grouting holes drilled in the early stage may be directly used as the blast holes if their positions are proper, so that the workload of blast hole construction is reduced; and they can be used as damping holes for blasting construction if their positions are improper.
The related blasting parameters of transverse millisecond blasting are designed as follows: the blast holes are formed in a guincuncial shape at equal intervals circumferentially and longi- tudinally, and a specific interval is determined according to the surrounding rock condition on site. As the blast hole drilling process completely does not affect construction of the cycle work- ing sections on the tunnel expanded excavation sides, the blast holes can be densely formed, and the explosive charge of a single hole can be reduced.
In step s3, the expanded tunnel cycle working sections are divided into front, middle and rear working sections in the tunnel expanded excavation construction direction as the advancing direc- tion, wherein the front sections of the expanded tunnel cycle working sections are subdivided into the cycle working sections on the existing tunnel sides and the cycle working sections on the tunnel expanded excavation sides, and division of work is: (1) sequentially conducting charging blasting of upper and middle steps of the cycle working sections on the tunnel expanded excavation sides, mucking and cutward transporting and initial supporting construction in an alternate construction manner; (2) tunnel supporting structures away from the expanded exca- vation sides are mechanically dismantled on the cycle working sec- tions on the existing tunnel sides; (3) initial supporting away from the expanded excavation sides is conducted on the cycle working sections on the existing tunnel sides, and the initial supporting on the expanded excava- tion sides and the initial supporting away from the expanded exca- vation sides are connected together in a butted manner; and (4) mechanically dismantling tunnel supporting structures close to the expanded excavation sides on the cycle working sec- tions on the existing tunnel sides.
Specific construction details are as follows: 1) Blasting sections of tunnel sections are longitudinally divided according to the designed blasting parameters, and blast- ing sections, adjacent to the cycle working sections on the tunnel expanded excavation sides, of the cycle working sections on the existing tunnel sides are divided into upper and middle steps for blast hole charging work.
Blast hole charging and blasting construction: only middle and rear sections of the blast holes are charged while front sec- tions are stuffed with stemming for blocking, so that disturbance damage of blasting construction to the existing tunnel structures can be reduced due to the above charging design; an initiation se- quence is set into millisecond initiation, initiation of blast holes in an upper portion of a first ring, followed by initiation of blast holes in middle and lower portions of the first ring; af- ter blasting of the first ring, blast holes of a next ring are se- quentially initiated according to the above rule; and the number of rings of blast holes initiated at a time should be determined according to the surrounding rock condition, one or two rings of blast holes can be blasted if surrounding rocks are relatively stable, but at most three rings of blast holes are blasted at a time, so as to ensure there are encugh free faces during every blasting. Meanwhile, transverse blasting energy is mainly released to the back of the free faces, and the surrounding rocks are thrown to the back in the tunnel expanded excavation direction, which is beneficial to following tunnel muck truck loading and outward transporting work.
2) After constructors and construction equipment near to-be- blasted sections are evacuated, related work such as transverse millisecond blasting construction, construction ventilation and blind shot checking are sequentially conducted on the upper and the middle steps.
Firstly, blasting construction of the upper steps of the cy- cle working sections on the tunnel expanded excavation sides is conducted, and initial supporting of newly-excavated surrounding rock faces of the upper steps of the cycle working sections on the tunnel expanded excavation sides is constructed after the tunnel muck is loaded and transported; wherein upper ends of the initial supporting of the newly-excavated surrounding rock faces should be tightly connected with existing tunnel lining structures through sprayed concrete, and are connected with surrounding rocks at arches through the grouting pipes in a grouting manner. By sup- porting the initial supporting on the existing tunnel supporting structures, adverse deformation of the constructed initial sup- porting under the pressure of the surrounding rocks at the periph- ery can be effectively prevented; and then, similar to the upper step construction step, blasting construction and initial support- ing construction of the middle steps of the cycle working sections on the tunnel expanded excavation sides are conducted.
Construction ventilation: it is proper to adopt exhaust ven- tilation, ventilation pipes are arranged within a range of 20m behind the cycle working sections on the tunnel expanded excava- tion sides, and dust and the like generated during construction are directly extracted from the tunnels through air pipes.
As the existing tunnel parallel working sections on the front, the cycle working sections on the existing tunnel sides on the back and the cycle working sections on the tunnel expanded ex- cavation sides are staggered in longitudinal directions of the tunnels by a long distance, and mutual interference among con- struction processes is small, related construction in the existing tunnel parallel working sections may be continuously conducted ex- cept for the processes of tunnel charging, initiation and con- struction ventilation.
Tunnel muck outward transporting: the tunnel muck of the con- ventional construction sections is loaded into a truck through an excavator and then transported outward to the back of the expanded excavation direction; and after the tunnel muck of the intermit- tent construction sections is loaded into the truck through the excavator, the dump truck is driven to another tunnel through the vehicle transverse passageways, and then the tunnel muck is trans- ported outside the tunnels. Wherein when the engineering materials are conveyed or the tunnel muck is transported outward through the vehicle transverse passageways, traffic in the tunnels needs to be controlled, so as to ensure driving safety.
3) Temporary mechanical supporting reinforcement work of the existing tunnel supporting structures is conducted on the cycle working sections on the existing tunnel sides; Temporary mechanical supporting reinforcement of the existing tunnel lining structures: due to disturbance of blasting construc- tion, the existing tunnel lining structures of the cycle working sections on the existing tunnel sides may have cracks locally, and should be temporarily supported for reinforcement through related mechanical equipment, so as to prevent instability and collapse of the existing tunnel lining structures; and the related mechanical equipment may use the trolley in A Tunnel Lining Maintenance Trol-
ley and A Lining Fault Repair Method (CN114046156A), and the ex- isting tunnel lining structures are temporarily and mechanically supported through folding type arc-shaped steel supporting mecha- nisms and a telescopic type arc-shaped overhauling supporting mechanism arranged on the above trolley.
4) The tunnel supporting structures, close to the expanded excavation sides, of the cycle working sections on the existing tunnel sides are mechanically dismantled.
Mechanical dismantling work of the existing tunnel supporting structures away from the expanded excavation sides: the trolley in A Tunnel Lining Maintenance Trolley and A Lining Fault Repair Method (CN114046156A) may be used, and the existing tunnel lining structures away from the expanded excavation sides are cut off block by block through an abrasive wheel cutting machine carried on the overhead traveling crane with the lifting platform, ar- ranged on the above trolley; as the reliable surrounding rock grouting reinforcement shell has been formed on outer sides of the expanded tunnels, external surrounding rocks can be kept stable after the existing tunnel structures are dismantled; and after the existing tunnel structures are dismantled, tunnel excavation sec- tions are finished, initial supporting away from the expanded ex- cavation sides is constructed in time, I steel of the initial sup- porting away from the expanded excavation sides is connected with I steel of the initial supporting on the expanded excavation sides one to one in a butted manner, and connectors are connected through bolts.
5) Mechanical dismantling work of the tunnel supporting structures close to the expanded excavation sides: the trolley in A Tunnel Lining Maintenance Trolley and A Lining Fault Repair Method (CN114046156A) may continue to be used, and the tunnel sup- porting structures close to the expanded excavation sides are cut off block by block through the abrasive wheel cutting machine car- ried on the overhead traveling crane (703) with the lifting plat- form, arranged on the above trolley. When the tunnel supporting structures close to the expanded excavation sides are dismantled, displacement monitoring of the initial supporting structures of the expanded tunnels should be intensified, and the tunnel sup-
porting structures should be dismantled through longitudinally sectional and section-by-section dismantling methods, so as to en- sure the stability of the initial supporting structures of the ex- panded tunnels. Continuous dismantling sections of the tunnel sup- porting structures close to the expanded excavation sides should not be too long, and after the tunnel supporting structures are dismantled, construction of following processes should be orga- nized immediately and secondary lining should be constructed in time.
In steps 4 and 5, the existing structures on the lower por- tions of the expanded tunnels are dismantled and the surrounding rocks are excavated through the existing construction technology, and then, the initial supporting structures on the lower portions of the expanded tunnels are constructed.
Inverted arches, inverted arch backfilling, secondary lining and other structures of the expanded tunnels are constructed, and construction of one section of expanded tunnels has been complet- ed.
The above descriptions are only the preferred embodiments of the present disclosure rather than confidential limitations to the present disclosure in any form. Any simple amendments, equivalent changes or modifications made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present disclosure should still fall within the scope of the technical solutions of the present disclosure, without departing from the content of the technical solutions of the present disclosure.

Claims (10)

CONCLUSIESCONCLUSIONS 1. Werkwijze voor multi-sectie parallelle vergroting van een tun- nel met gebruikmaking van een bestaande tunnel voor versnelde bouw, gekenmerkt door het omvatten van de volgende stappen: sl, het gebruik van de bestaande tunnel als een proeftunnel voor vervroegde bouw, het verdelen van een bouwgebied voor tunnelver- groting in een aantal constructiesecties, en het verdelen van elke constructiesectie in een parallel werkzone van de bestaande tunnel en een cirkelvormige werkzone van een vergrote tunnel; s2, het uitvoeren van bouwondersteunende werkzaamheden en voorbereidende voorbereidendewerkzaamheden in het parallel werkzone van de bestaande tunnel voor het vergroten en uitgraven van de tunnel; s3, het gelijktijdig uitvoeren van de uitbreidingsconstructie in de cirkelvormige werkzone van de vergrote tunnel, met inbegrip van: in een voorste sectie, het uitgraven van omringende rotsen voor een bovenste bank en een middelste bank van de vergrote tun- nel, het ontmantelen van een bovenbouw van de bestaande tunnel, en bouw van een primaire ondersteuningsstructuur voor de bovenste en middelste banken van de vergrote tunnel; s4, in een middelste sectie van de cirkelvormige werkzone van de vergrote tunnel, het ontmantelen van een bestaande constructie voor de onderste bank van de vergrote tunnel, het uitgraven van de omringende rotsen, en de bouw van een primaire ondersteuningscon- structie voor het onderste deel van de vergrote tunnel; s5, in een achterste sectie van de cirkelvormige werkzone van de vergrote tunnel, het bouwen van een invertor, het opvullen van de invertor, secundaire bekleding en andere constructies voor de ver- grote tunnel.A method of multi-section parallel enlargement of a tunnel using an existing accelerated construction tunnel, characterized by comprising the following steps: sl, using the existing tunnel as a pilot tunnel for early construction, dividing a tunnel enlargement construction area into a plurality of construction sections, and dividing each construction section into a parallel working zone of the existing tunnel and a circular working zone of an enlarged tunnel; s2, carrying out construction support work and preparatory preparatory work in the parallel work zone of the existing tunnel for enlarging and excavating the tunnel; s3, simultaneously performing the extension construction in the circular working zone of the enlarged tunnel, including: in a forward section, excavating surrounding rocks for an upper bank and a middle bank of the enlarged tunnel, dismantling a superstructure of the existing tunnel, and construction of a primary support structure for the upper and middle banks of the enlarged tunnel; s4, in a middle section of the circular working zone of the enlarged tunnel, dismantling an existing structure for the lower bank of the enlarged tunnel, excavating the surrounding rocks, and constructing a primary support structure for the lower part of the enlarged tunnel; s5, in a rear section of the circular working zone of the enlarged tunnel, building an inverter, filling the inverter, secondary cladding and other structures for the enlarged tunnel. 2. Werkwijze voor multi-sectie parallelle vergroting van een tun- nel met gebruikmaking van een bestaande tunnel voor versnelde bouw volgens conclusie 1, met het kenmerk dat in het voorste, middelste en achterste secties van het parallel werkzone van de bestaande tunnel volgens een proces voor parallelle constructie in secties,A method for multi-section parallel enlargement of a tunnel using an existing accelerated construction tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that in the front, middle and rear sections of the parallel working zone of the existing tunnel according to a process for parallel construction in sections, laterale geologische voorspelling, geavanceerde beheersing van het omliggende rotsen en het boren van ontploffingsgaten worden uitge- voerd; en in de cirkelvormige werkzone van de vergrote tunnel, het uitgraven van de omringende rotsen, het laden en naar buiten transporteren van slakken, het mechanisch ontmantelen van een bestaande tunnelsconstructie en de bouw van een ondersteuningscon- structie voor de vergrote tunnel worden uitgevoerd volgens een proces voor het vloeiend bouwen in secties.lateral geological forecasting, advanced control of the surrounding rocks and blast hole drilling are performed; and in the circular working zone of the enlarged tunnel, the excavating of the surrounding rocks, the loading and discharge of slag, the mechanical dismantling of an existing tunnel structure and the construction of a support structure for the enlarged tunnel are carried out according to a process for smooth building in sections. 3. Werkwijze voor multi-sectie parallelle vergroting van een tun- nel met gebruikmaking van een bestaande tunnel voor versnelde bouw volgens conclusie 2, met het kenmerk dat in stap sl, een veelvoud van de constructiesecties wordt gerangschikt volgens de bestaande opstelling van voertuig- en voetgangersdoorgangen in de tunnel, met inbegrip van een regulier constructiesectie en een intermit- terende constructiesectie; en de bouw in de meerdere constructie- secties parallel kan worden georganiseerd.A method of multi-section parallel enlargement of a tunnel using an existing accelerated construction tunnel according to claim 2, characterized in that in step s1, a plurality of the construction sections are arranged according to the existing arrangement of vehicle and pedestrian passageways in the tunnel, including a regular construction section and an intermittent construction section; and the construction in the multiple construction sections can be organized in parallel. 4. Werkwijze voor multi-sectie parallelle vergroting van een tun- nel met gebruikmaking van een bestaande tunnel voor versnelde bouw volgens conclusie 3, met het kenmerk dat voor een korte tunnel zonder voertuig- of voetgangersdoorgang, slechts één regulier con- structiesectie wordt ingericht; voor een middellange tunnel met een voetgangersdoorgang wordt één regulier constructiesectie in- gesteld, elk aan een ingangs- en een uitgangseinde van de tunnel; voor een lange of extra lange tunnel met een voertuigdoorgang en een noodstopzone, naast één regulier constructiesectie aan elk van de ingangs- en uitgangseinden van de tunnel, kan er een extra in- termitterende constructiesectie worden ingericht op basis van de voertuigdoorgang en de noodstopzone, waarbij het aantal van de in- termitterende constructiesectie overeenkomt met het aantal van de noodstopzone.A method for multi-section parallel expansion of a tunnel using an existing accelerated construction tunnel according to claim 3, characterized in that for a short tunnel without vehicle or pedestrian passage, only one regular construction section is arranged; for a medium tunnel with a pedestrian passage, one regular construction section is established, each at an entrance and an exit end of the tunnel; for a long or extra-long tunnel with a vehicle passage and an emergency stop zone, in addition to one regular construction section at each of the entrance and exit ends of the tunnel, an additional intermittent construction section can be arranged based on the vehicle passage and the emergency stop zone, whereby the number of the intermittent construction section corresponds to the number of the emergency stop zone. 5. Werkwijze voor multi-sectie parallelle vergroting van een tun- nel met gebruikmaking van een bestaande tunnel voor versnelde bouw volgens conclusie 2, met het kenmerk dat in stap s2, een richting van de constructie voor het vergroten en uitgraven van de tunnel als een voorwaartse richting wordt gebruikt, het parallelle werkzone van de bestaande tunnel voor de cirkelvormige werkzone van de vergrote tunnel wordt ingericht, en het parallelle werkzone van de bestaande tunnel in drie werksecties wordt verdeeld, dat wil zeggen de voorste, middelste en achterste werksecties, waarbij het werk ervan als volgt wordt verdeeld: (1) in de voorste sectie van het parallelle werkzone van de bestaande tunnel wordt een verfijnde multi-sectie laterale geolo- gische voorspelling van de omringende rotsen van de tunnel uitge- voerd; (2) volgens de onderzoeksresultaten van de geologische voor- spelling wordt in de middelste sectie van het parallelle werkzone van de bestaande tunnel een geavanceerde beheersing van de omrin- gende rotsen uitgevoerd, met inbegrip van laterale drainageconsol- idatie van de omliggende rotsen en de bouw van een groutversterk- ingsmantel van de omliggende rotsen; (3) volgens de onderzoeksresultaten van de geologische voor- spelling, het ontwerpen van relevante ontploffingsparameters van een laterale milliseconde-ontploffing, gevolgd door de bouw van relevante ontploffingsgaten in de achterste sectie van het paral- lelle werkzone van de bestaande tunnel.A method for multi-section parallel enlargement of a tunnel using an existing accelerated construction tunnel according to claim 2, characterized in that in step s2, a direction of the structure for expanding and excavating the tunnel as a forward direction, the parallel working area of the existing tunnel is arranged for the circular working area of the enlarged tunnel, and the parallel working area of the existing tunnel is divided into three working sections, that is, the front, middle and rear working sections, with the its work is distributed as follows: (1) in the forward section of the parallel work zone of the existing tunnel, a sophisticated multi-section lateral geological forecast of the surrounding rocks of the tunnel is performed; (2) According to the survey results of the geological forecast, in the middle section of the parallel working zone of the existing tunnel, advanced control of the surrounding rocks is carried out, including lateral drainage consolidation of the surrounding rocks and construction of a grout reinforcement mantle of the surrounding rocks; (3) according to the survey results of the geological forecast, the design of relevant blast parameters of a lateral millisecond blast, followed by the construction of relevant blast holes in the rear section of the parallel working zone of the existing tunnel. 6. Werkwijze voor multi-sectie parallelle vergroting van een tun- nel met gebruikmaking van een bestaande tunnel voor versnelde bouw volgens conclusie 5, gekenmerkt door het omvatten van: (1) op basis van de resultaten van lateraal geologisch onderzoek op korte afstand van meerdere secties van de tunnel in de lengterichting wordt een relatief nauwkeurig geologisch onderzoeksmodel van de omringende rotsen rond de tunnel geformu- leerd; (2) indien uit het geologisch onderzoek blijkt dat de omringende rotsen waterrijk zijn, kunnen in de middelste sectie van het par- allelle werkzone van de bestaande tunnel van binnenuit de bestaande tunnel drainagegaten tot diep in de omringende rotsen worden aangelegd om het grondwater van tevoren af te voeren, tene- inde de bouwomgeving van een uitgravingssectie van de tunnel te verbeteren; tegelijkertijd kunnen in de middelste sectie van het parallelle werkzone van de bestaande tunnel van binnenuit de bestaande tunnel diep in de omringende rotsen groutgaten worden geboord voor de versterking van de omringende rotsen buiten de omtrek van de vergrote tunnel, zodat voor het uitgraven van de om- liggende rotsen een betrouwbare groutversterkingsmantel van de om- liggende rotsen buiten de omtrek van de vergrote tunnel wordt ge- vormd; en {3) in de achterste sectie van het parallelle werkzone van de bestaande tunnel, de bouw van relevante ontploffingsgaten in de vorm van een dichte opstelling in de lengterichting naar het bin- nenste van de omringende rotsen aan een kant van het vergroten en uitgraven.A method of multi-section parallel enlargement of a tunnel using an existing accelerated construction tunnel according to claim 5, characterized by comprising: (1) based on the results of short-range lateral geological surveys of several longitudinal sections of the tunnel, a relatively accurate geological survey model of the surrounding rocks around the tunnel is formulated; (2) if the geological survey shows that the surrounding rocks are rich in water, drainage holes can be constructed in the middle section of the parallel working zone of the existing tunnel from inside the existing tunnel deep into the surrounding rocks to drain the groundwater in advance. for the purpose of improving the construction environment of an excavation section of the tunnel; at the same time, in the middle section of the parallel working zone of the existing tunnel, from inside the existing tunnel deep into the surrounding rocks, grout holes can be drilled deep into the surrounding rocks for the reinforcement of the surrounding rocks outside the perimeter of the enlarged tunnel, so that for excavating the surrounding rocks lying rocks a reliable grout reinforcement mantle is formed from the surrounding rocks outside the perimeter of the enlarged tunnel; and {3) in the aft section of the parallel working zone of the existing tunnel, the construction of relevant blast holes in the form of a close longitudinal arrangement to the interior of the surrounding rocks on one side of the augmentation and excavation. 7. Werkwijze voor multi-sectie parallelle vergroting van een tun- nel met gebruikmaking van een bestaande tunnel voor versnelde bouw volgens conclusie 6, gekenmerkt door het omvatten van: (1) het laterale geologische voorspellingsonderzoek op korte af- stand heeft een bereik van 10 tot 15 meter buiten de omtrek van de bestaande tunnel; (2) een effect van discontinu voegen in een radicale richting wordt bereikt, waarbij binnen een bereik van de vergrote tunnel niet wordt gevoegd, en alleen voor de omringende rotsen buiten de omtrek van de vergrote tunnel groutversterking wordt uitgevoerd, door middel van groutbuizen van verschillende lengten en op- stelling van slurry-blokkerende secties van verschillende lengten aan de uiteinden van de groutbuizen; en (3) van tevoren worden er ontploffingsgaten geboord, waarbinnen hulzen kunnen worden gedicht om te voorkomen dat zij onder invloed van trillingen van de tunnelontploffing instorten, en als de lat- erale drainagegaten en de groutgaten die in een vroeg stadium zijn geboord, op de juiste plaats zitten, kunnen deze gaten rechtstreeks als ontploffingsgaten worden gebruikt, waardoor de werklast van de constructie van ontploffingsgaten wordt vermind- erd.A method of multi-section parallel magnification of a tunnel using an existing accelerated construction tunnel according to claim 6, characterized by comprising: (1) the short-range lateral geologic forecast survey has a range of 10 up to 15 meters outside the perimeter of the existing tunnel; (2) an effect of discontinuous grouting in a radical direction is achieved, without grouting within a range of the enlarged tunnel, and only for the surrounding rocks outside the perimeter of the enlarged tunnel, grout reinforcement is performed, by means of grout pipes of different sizes lengths and arrangement of slurry-blocking sections of different lengths at the ends of the grout tubes; and (3) blast holes are pre-drilled, inside which casings can be sealed to prevent collapse under the vibrations of the tunnel blast, and if the lateral drainage holes and the grout holes drilled at an early stage are on the properly positioned, these holes can be directly used as blast holes, reducing the workload of blast hole construction. 8. Werkwijze voor multi-sectie parallelle vergroting van een tun- nel met gebruikmaking van een bestaande tunnel voor versnelde bouw volgens conclusie 2, met het kenmerk dat in stap s3, een richting van de constructie voor het vergroten en uitgraven van de tunnel wordt gebruikt als een voorwaartse richting, de cirkelvormige werkzone van de vergrote tunnel wordt verdeeld in drie werksecties, dat wil zeggen voorste, middelste en achterste werksecties, waarbij de voorste sectie van de cirkelvormige werkzone van de vergrote tunnel verder is onderverdeeld in een cirkelvormig werkzone aan een kant van de bestaande tunnel, en een cirkelvormige werkzone aan een kant van het vergroten en uitgraven van de tunnel, waarbij het werk ervan als volgt wordt verdeeld: (1) het uitvoeren van sequentieel explosieve ladingen, slakken laden en naar buiten transport, en primaire ondersteuningscon- structie voor de bovenste en middelste banken van de cirkelvormige werkzone aan de kant van het vergroten en uitgraven van de tunnel, door gebruik te maken van een methode van alternatieve con- structie; (2) in de cirkelvormige werkzone aan de zijkant van de bestaande tunnel, het uitvoeren van gemechaniseerde ontmanteling van een tunnelsteunconstructie weg van de kant van het vergroten en uit- graven, primaire ondersteuningsconstructie en koppeling van de primaire ondersteuning aan de kant van het vergroten en uitgraven en aan de kant weg van dezelfde; en {3) in de cirkelvormige werkzone aan de zijkant van de bestaande tunnel, het uitvoeren van gemechaniseerde ontmanteling van een tunnelsteunconstructie dicht bij de kant van het vergroten en uit- graven.A method for multi-section parallel enlargement of a tunnel using an existing accelerated construction tunnel according to claim 2, characterized in that in step s3, a direction of the structure for expanding and excavating the tunnel is used as a forward direction, the circular working zone of the enlarged tunnel is divided into three working sections, that is, front, middle and rear working sections, the front section of the circular working zone of the enlarged tunnel is further divided into a circular working zone on one side of the existing tunnel, and a circular work zone on one side of the extension and excavation of the tunnel, dividing its work as follows: (1) conducting sequential explosive charges, slag loading and out-transport, and primary support con - instruction for the upper and middle benches of the circular work zone on the side of increasing and out digging the tunnel, using an alternative construction method; (2) in the circular working zone on the side of the existing tunnel, carrying out mechanized dismantling of a tunnel support structure away from the side of enlarging and excavating, primary support structure and coupling of the primary support on the side of enlarging and dig out and on the side road of the same; and {3) in the circular working zone on the side of the existing tunnel, performing mechanized dismantling of a tunnel support structure close to the side of enlarging and excavating. 9. Werkwijze voor multi-sectie parallelle vergroting van een tun- nel met gebruikmaking van een bestaande tunnel voor versnelde bouw volgens conclusie 8, gekenmerkt door het omvatten van: (1) ten eerste, het opblazen van de bovenste bank van de cirkel- vormige werkzone aan de kant van het vergroten en uitgraven, en nadat het laden en het vervoer van de tunnelslakken is voltooid, het tijdig bouwen van primaire ondersteuning voor de relevante secties, gevolgd door het opblazen en uitgraven van de middelste bank van de cirkelvormige werkzone aan de kant van het vergroten en uitgraven, het laden en het vervoer naar buiten van de tun-A method of multi-section parallel enlargement of a tunnel using an existing accelerated construction tunnel according to claim 8, characterized by comprising: (1) first, inflating the upper bank of the circular working zone on the side of enlarging and excavating, and after the loading and transportation of the tunnel slag is completed, the timely construction of primary support for the relevant sections, followed by the inflation and excavation of the middle bank of the circular working zone on the side of enlarging and excavating, loading and transporting out of the tunnel nelslakken, en de bouw van primaire ondersteuning, waarbij laden van explosieven: explosieven wordt geladen in de middelste en achterste secties van de ontploffingsgaten, terwijl de voorste secties daarvan worden gevuld met tapgatenklei om de ontploffings- gaten af te dichten;blasting, and primary support construction, involving explosive loading: explosives are loaded into the center and rear sections of the blast holes, while the forward sections thereof are filled with taphole clay to seal the blast holes; de detonatievolgorde is ingesteld op milliseconde detonatie: het tot ontploffing brengen van eerst de bovenste ontploffingsgaten van een eerste ring, en vervolgens het achtereenvolgens tot ontploffing brengen van de middelste en onderste ontploffingsgaten van de eerste ring; na voltooiing van het tot ontploffing brengen van de eerste ring, het tot ontploffing brengen van achtereenvol- gens de ontploffingsgaten van een volgende ring volgens de bovenstaande regel; het aantal ontploffingsringen in één detonatie moet worden bepaald op basis van de omstandigheden van de omrin-the detonation sequence is set to millisecond detonation: detonating first the upper detonation holes of a first ring, and then detonating the middle and lower detonation holes of the first ring sequentially; upon completion of detonating the first ring, detonating successively the detonation holes of a next ring according to the above rule; the number of blast rings in one detonation should be determined based on the circum- stances of the surrounding gende rotsen, dat wil zeggen, wanneer de omringende rotsen relat- ief stabiel zijn, kunnen één of twee extra ontploffingsringen worden opgeblazen, maar er kunnen maximaal drie ringen van ontploffingsgaten tegelijk worden gebruikt in één keer, om ervoor te zorgen dat elke ontploffing voldoende vrij vlak heeft; te-ing rocks, that is, when the surrounding rocks are relatively stable, one or two additional blast rings can be blown up, but up to three rings of blast holes can be used simultaneously at one time, to ensure that each blast is sufficiently clear. has flat; at- gelijkertijd, wordt de energie van een laterale ontploffing hoofdzakelijk vrijgegeven in een richting van een vrij vlak, waar- door de omringende rotsen naar achteren kunnen worden geworpen in de richting van het vergroten en uitgraven van de tunnel;at the same time, the energy of a lateral blast is released mainly in a free plane direction, allowing the surrounding rocks to be thrown backwards in the direction of enlarging and excavating the tunnel; (2) het in stukken uitsnijden van een bekledingsconstructie van de bestaande tunnel aan de kant weg van het vergroten en uitgraven, gevolgd door reparatie van de uitgravingszijde van de tunnel, tijdige bouw van een primaire ondersteuningsconstructie weg van de kant van het vergroten en uitgraven, en het met bouten vastzetten van een I-balk van de primaire ondersteuningsconstructie weg van de kant van het vergroten en uitgraven aan een I-balkconstructie van de primaire ondersteuningsconstructie aan de kant van het ver- groten en uitgraven; en (3) het uitvoeren van gemechaniseerde ontmanteling van de onder- steuningsconstructie van de bestaande tunnel in de nabijheid van de kant van het vergroten en uitgraven door een methode van seg- mentering in de lengterichting en ontmanteling per segment toe te passen.(2) cutting a cladding structure of the existing tunnel on the side of enlargement and excavation, followed by repair of the excavation side of the tunnel, timely construction of a primary support structure away from the side of enlargement and excavation, and bolting an I-beam of the primary support structure away from the enlargement and excavation side to an I-beam structure of the primary support structure on the enlargement and excavation side; and (3) performing mechanized dismantling of the support structure of the existing tunnel in the vicinity of the extension and excavation side by employing a method of longitudinal segmentation and segment-by-segment dismantling. 10. Werkwijze voor multi-sectie parallelle vergroting van een tun- nel met gebruikmaking van een bestaande tunnel voor versnelde bouw volgens conclusie 9, met het kenmerk dat de bouw van de bovenste en middelste banken in de cirkelvormige werkzone aan de kant van het vergroten en uitgraven van de tunnel de volgende stappen omvat: {1) het segmenteren van een ontploffingsgebied van de tun- nelsecties langs een lengterichting volgens de ontworpen ontploffingsparameters en vervolgens het achtereenvolgens explo- sief laden van overeenkomstige ontploffingsgaten in de cirkelvor- mige werkzone aan de zijde van de bestaande tunnel; (2) het achtereenvolgens uitvoeren van de laterale milliseconde- ontploffingsconstructie, de bouwventilatie en het zoeken naar on- tstekingsfouten, waarbij de bouwventilatie een afzuigventilat- iemodus aanneemt en een ventilatiekanaal wordt aangebracht binnen meter achter de cirkelvormige werkzone aan de kant van het ver- groten en uitgraven van de tunnel, zodat het stof dat tijdens de bouw ontstaat, rechtstreeks via het kanaal uit de tunnel wordt af- 20 gezogen; (3) het uitvoeren van tijdelijke gemechaniseerde ondersteuning en versterking van een bestaande bekledingsconstructie in de cirkel- vormige werkzone aan de kant van de bestaande tunnel om destabili- satie en instorting van de bestaande tunnelbekledingsconstructie te voorkomen na te zijn verstoord door de bouw van de explosieven; (4) in de cirkelvormige werkzone aan de kant van het vergroten en uitgraven van de tunnel, het laden en het naar buiten trans- porteren van de tunnelslakken; en (5) in de cirkelvormige werkzone aan de kant van het vergroten en uitgraven van de tunnel, het uitvoeren van de bouw van een primaire ondersteuning aan de kant van het vergroten en uitgraven van de tunnel, en de stevige verbinding van een booguiteinde van de primaire ondersteuning aan de kant van het vergroten en uit- graven met een bestaande tunnelconstructie.The method of multi-section parallel enlargement of a tunnel using an existing accelerated construction tunnel according to claim 9, characterized in that the construction of the upper and middle benches in the circular working zone on the side of increasing and excavating the tunnel includes the following steps: {1) segmenting a blast area of the tunnel sections along a longitudinal direction according to the designed blast parameters and then sequentially explosively loading corresponding blast holes in the circular working zone on the side of the existing tunnel; (2) sequentially performing the lateral millisecond blast construction, the building ventilation and the misfire search, whereby the building ventilation adopts an exhaust ventilation mode and a ventilation duct is provided within meters behind the circular working zone on the side of the enlargement and excavating the tunnel so that the dust generated during construction is extracted directly from the tunnel via the channel; (3) performing temporary mechanized support and reinforcement of an existing lining structure in the circular working zone on the side of the existing tunnel to prevent destabilization and collapse of the existing tunnel lining structure after being disrupted by the construction of the explosives ; (4) in the circular working zone on the side of enlarging and excavating the tunnel, loading and transporting the tunnel slag; and (5) in the circular working zone on the extension and excavation side of the tunnel, carrying out the construction of a primary support on the extension and excavation side of the tunnel, and the firm connection of an arch end of the tunnel primary support on the extension and excavation side with an existing tunnel construction.
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JP2020084474A (en) * 2018-11-20 2020-06-04 株式会社建技調査 Widening construction method of existing tunnel
CN109538219B (en) * 2018-12-21 2020-10-20 中铁四局集团有限公司 In-situ expansion super-large section and partial excavation method of broken hard rock tunnel
CN110374608B (en) * 2019-08-28 2021-08-31 贵州大学 Method for excavating vault direction during existing tunnel extension
CN114046156A (en) 2021-11-12 2022-02-15 贵州省交通规划勘察设计研究院股份有限公司 Tunnel lining maintenance trolley and structure defect repair method

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2020084474A (en) * 2018-11-20 2020-06-04 株式会社建技調査 Widening construction method of existing tunnel
CN109538219B (en) * 2018-12-21 2020-10-20 中铁四局集团有限公司 In-situ expansion super-large section and partial excavation method of broken hard rock tunnel
CN110374608B (en) * 2019-08-28 2021-08-31 贵州大学 Method for excavating vault direction during existing tunnel extension
CN114046156A (en) 2021-11-12 2022-02-15 贵州省交通规划勘察设计研究院股份有限公司 Tunnel lining maintenance trolley and structure defect repair method

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