NL2028694B1 - Method for rapid formation of young apple trees grafted on dwarf stocks - Google Patents

Method for rapid formation of young apple trees grafted on dwarf stocks Download PDF

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Publication number
NL2028694B1
NL2028694B1 NL2028694A NL2028694A NL2028694B1 NL 2028694 B1 NL2028694 B1 NL 2028694B1 NL 2028694 A NL2028694 A NL 2028694A NL 2028694 A NL2028694 A NL 2028694A NL 2028694 B1 NL2028694 B1 NL 2028694B1
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Prior art keywords
branches
dwarf
grafted
rapid formation
apple trees
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NL2028694A
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Dutch (nl)
Inventor
Wang Haibo
He Xiaowen
Chang Yuansheng
Wang Sen
Li Linguang
He Ping
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Shandong Inst Pomology
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00—Botany in general
    • A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method for rapid formation of young apple trees grafted on 5 dwarf stocks, and belongs to the technical field of forestry planting. The method comprises: before bud sprouting in spring, planting high - quality seedlings with branches; pruning all the branches after the seedlings survive; cutting plump buds on the tops of trunks; conducting bud caving on a bare zone and promoting branching; conducting angle opening on new branches; and over July - August in the current year, conducting pinching and bud caving on extension treetops, and 10 conducting pinching on other new branches, or enlarging the opening angles of the new branches. Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the beneficial effects that the present invention provides the method for rapid formation of young apple trees grafted on dwarf stocks; and dynamic shoot treatment is conducted on the young apple trees grafted on the dwarf stocks, and two - time bud caving is employed, so that the branching amount is greatly increased, and 15 rapid formation of the young apple trees grafted on the dwarf stocks is effectively promoted.

Description

METHOD FOR RAPID FORMATION OF YOUNG APPLE TREES GRAFTED ON DWARF
STOCKS Technical Field The present invention relates to the technical field of forestry planting, in particular to a method for rapid formation of young apple trees grafted on dwarf stocks.
Background Intensive cultivation of dwarf stocks is a major trend of current apple cultivation. Compared with the traditional low seeding density cultivation of vigorous stocks, this mode has the characteristics of early fruiting and high early yield.
As being conducted according to a shaping mode of arboroid young apple trees generally, the existing apple dwarfing dense - planting cultivation technology is less in branching amount and long in shaping time, cannot achieve rapid formation of young fruit trees and affects incomes of fruit growers and the whole benefit of industry. It is a necessary measure for accelerating formation of tree bodies and promoting earlier fruiting and high yield that the young apple trees are promoted to produce a certain amount of effective branches.
Therefore, how to provide a method for rapid formation of the young apple trees grafted on the dwarf stocks is an urgent problem for those skilled in the art to solve.
Summary In view of this, the present invention provides a method for rapid formation of young apple trees grafted on dwarf stocks, capable of effectively increasing the branching amount of the young apple trees grafted on the dwarf stocks and accelerating formation of the young apple trees grafted on the dwarf stocks.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention employs the following technical solution: The method for rapid formation of the young apple trees grafted on the dwarf stocks comprises the following steps: (1) before bud sprouting in spring, planting apple tree seedlings grafted on the dwarf stocks, pruning all branches after the seedlings survive, and cutting plump buds on the tops of trunks; (2) conducting first bud carving on the trunks; (3) after new branches on the trunks reach 25 - 30 cm, pulling the branches to conduct angle opening, and selecting erect branches with strong growth potential on the tops of the trunks as extension treetops; (4) over July - August in the current year, pinching the branches with upper branches and lower branches not overlapped, mutual whirling in angle and an interval of 20 - 30 cm between the upper branches and the lower branches, and increasing the opening angles of other pulled branches; (5) conducting pinching treatment and second bud caving on the extension treetops.
The beneficial effects are as follows: dynamic shoot treatment is conducted on the young apple trees grafted on the dwarf stocks, and bud caving is conducted twice, so that the branching amount is increased, and rapid formation of the young apple trees grafted on the dwarf stocks is promoted.
Further, the apple tree seedlings grafted on the dwarf stocks in the step (1) are biennial high - quality apple tree seedlings with branches.
Further, the specific operation of the step (2) comprises: conducting bud caving on a bare zone, at a distance of 50 cm or above from the ground, of each trunk.
Further, before the step (2), branch buds, at a distance of 50 cm or below from the ground, of each trunk need further to be removed.
The beneficial effects are as follows: based on the requirements of the first bud carving, in a position, at a distance of 50 cm from the ground, of each trunk as a boundary, the lower portion of each trunk is emptied to keep nutrients not wasted, and the bare upper zone is carved with buds to promote branching and keep a space not wasted.
Further, an angle of pulling branches for angle opening in the step (3) is 90 - 120°. The beneficial effects are as follows: the angle enables the shoots to grow in a horizontal line to keep a moderation state, so that overgrowth is difficult, the nutrients are saved, growth of other shoots is promoted, and buds sprout.
Further, the opening angle in the step (4) is 160 - 180°. The beneficial effects are as follows: with such angle, on one hand, formation of flower buds in the current year is facilitated, and fruits can be harvested in the next year; and on the other hand, the shoots may be prevented from overgrowth, so that a nutrient space of each tree body is saved, and growth of other branch buds is promoted.
Further, in the step (5), each extension treetop has a length of 50 cm or above, and a thickness of 0.8 cm or above.
The beneficial effects are as follows: the above are indexes of strong extension treetops, second bud carving may be conducted on the extension treetops, and the effect is ideal.
Further, in the step (5), the second bud carving is to carve buds on the erect branches of the extension treetops subjected to pinching treatment.
Further, after bud carving, a shooting extract needs to be smeared.
From the above technical solution, compared with the prior art, the present invention has the beneficial effects that the present invention provides the method for rapid formation of young apple trees grafted on dwarf stocks; and dynamic shoot treatment is conducted on the young apple trees grafted on the dwarf stocks, and bud caving is employed twice, sa that the branching amount is greatly increased, and rapid formation of the young apple trees grafted on the dwarf stocks is effectively promoted. Description of Drawings To more clearly describe the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention or in the prior art, the drawings required to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be simply presented below. Apparently, the drawings in the following description are merely the embodiments of the present invention, and for those ordinary skilled in the art, other drawings can also be obtained according to the provided drawings without contributing creative labour.
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of rapid formation of young apple trees grafted on dwarf stocks in embodiment 1 of the present invention. Detailed Description The technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and fully described below in combination with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Apparently, the described embodiments are merely part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those ordinary skilled in the art without contributing creative labour will belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
A medicament required in the embodiments of the present invention is a conventional experimental medicament and is commercially available; and an experimental method not described in the embodiments is a conventional experimental method, which is not elaborated here.
Embodiment 1 Apples were selected from varieties of Luli apples, Gala apples and Fuji apples, and rootstocks were M9t337.
A method for rapid formation of young apple trees grafted on dwarf stocks comprises the following specific steps: (1) before bud sprouting in spring, biennial high - quality apple tree seedlings grafted on the dwarf stocks with branches were planted; all branches were pruned after the seedlings survived, and plump buds on the tops of trunks were cut; (2) branch buds, at a distance of 50 cm or below from the ground, of each trunk were removed, bud caving was conducted on a bare zone, at a distance of 50 cm or above from the ground, of each trunk, and a shooting extract was smeared after bud carving; (3) after new branches on the trunks reached 25 - 30 cm, the branches were pulled to conduct angle opening with an angle of 90 - 120°, and erect branches with strong growth potential on the tops of the trunks were selected as extension treetops;
(4) over July - August in the current year, the branches with upper branches and lower branches not overlapped, mutual whorling in angle and an interval of 20 - 30 cm between the upper branches and the lower branches were pinched, and the opening angles of other pulled branches were increased, wherein the opening angle was 160 - 180°; (5) pinching treatment was conducted on the extension treetops with lengths of 50 cm or above and thicknesses of 0.8 cm or above, bud carving was conducted on the erect branches of the pinched extension treetops, and the shooting extract was smeared after bud carving.
An amount of the branches, heights of trees and a yield per plant are counted, and results are as shown in Table 1.
Table 1 Statistical Results Variety | Branch Tree Branch Tree Yield Branch Tree Yield amount( | height | amount( | height per amount( | height per | | plant | plant piece) (m) piece) (m) (Ko) piece) {m) (Ka) Luli ae | 2 in mn Gala Fuji From the results of Table 1, in the planting year, the branching amount may reach 30 - 40, a certain yield may be generated in the second year after planting, and the trees enter a large fruiting period in the third year after planting, so that rapid formation of the young apple trees grafted on the dwarf stocks is effectively promoted.
Comparative Example 1 With the Gala apples as an example, before bud sprouting in spring, apple seedlings grafted on the dwarf stocks were planted with trunks fixed and branches pulled, a general branching amount in the current year was 15 - 20 during normal orchard management, there was little yield in the second year, and there were just part of incomes in the third year.
However, by using the technology of the present invention, for the apple seedlings grafted on the dwarf stocks planted in the current year, all branches were sheared after the seedlings survive; plump buds on the tops of trunks were cut; bud caving was conducted on a bare zone, at a distance of 50 cm or above from the ground, of each trunk; and a shooting extract was smeared after bud carving. When new branches on the trunks reached 25 - 30 cm, the branches were pulled to conduct angle opening; and over July - August in the current year, branches with reasonable branch pulling positions, angles and distances were pinched, opening angles of other pulled branches were increased, pinching treatment was conducted on extension treetops with lengths of 50 cm or above and thicknesses of 0.8 cm or above, bud carving was conducted on the pinched extension treetops, the shooting extract was smeared after bud carving, about 40 5 branches may be reached in the current year, about 8 Kg commodity fruits may be harvested per plant in the second year, and the yield per mu in the third year reached 2500 Kg.
The present invention is an integral dynamic method for rapid formation of young apple trees grafted on dwarf stocks. Each step is a continuation of a previous step as well as a basis of a next step. The steps show synergistic interaction, and an ideal result is very difficult to be obtained if any measure is lacked.
Each embodiment in the description is described in a progressive way. The difference of each embodiment from each other is the focus of explanation. The same and similar parts among all of the embodiments can be referred to each other.
The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to realize or use the present invention. Many modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The general principle defined herein can be realized in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to these embodiments shown herein, but will conform to the widest scope consistent with the principle and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims (9)

CONCLUSIESCONCLUSIONS 1. Een werkwijze voor de snelle vorming van op dwergstammen geënte jonge appelbomen, welke werkwijze de volgende stappen omvat: (1) voorafgaand aan het uitlopen van de knoppen in het voorjaar, het planten van op de dwergstammen geënte appelboomzaailingen, het snoeien van alle takken nadat de zaailingen hebben overleefd, en het knippen van volle knoppen op de toppen van de stammen; (2) het op de stammen uitvoeren van een eerste knoppensnoei, (3) nadat nieuwe takken aan de stammen 25 - 30 cm hoog zijn, het trekken aan de takken om ze onder een hoek te openen, en het selecteren van opstaande takken met een sterk groeipotentiaal aan de toppen van de stammen als verlengde boomtoppen; (4) in juli — augustus van het lopende jaar het aantrekken van de takken waarbij de hogere takken en lagere takken niet overlappen, het onder een hoek om de 20 — 30 cm om elkaar heen winden van de hogere takken en de lagere takken, en het vergroten van de openingshoeken van de andere aangetrokken takken; (5) het uitvoeren van een samentrekbehandeling en een tweede knoppensnoei op de verlengde boomtoppen.A method for the rapid formation of dwarf trunk grafted apple trees comprising the following steps: (1) prior to bud emergence in spring, planting apple tree seedlings grafted onto the dwarf trunks, pruning all branches after the seedlings survive, and cutting full buds on the tops of the trunks; (2) performing a first bud pruning on the trunks, (3) after new branches on the trunks are 25 - 30 cm high, pulling the branches to open them at an angle, and selecting upright branches with a strong growth potential at the tops of the trunks as elongated treetops; (4) in July — August of the current year, pulling the branches where the higher branches and lower branches do not overlap, winding the higher branches and the lower branches at an angle every 20 — 30 cm, and increasing the opening angles of the other drawn branches; (5) performing a contraction treatment and a second bud pruning on the elongated treetops. 2. De werkwijze voor de snelle vorming van op dwergstammen geënte jonge appelbomen volgens conclusie 1, waarbij de appelboomzaailingen die in stap (1) op de dwergstammen worden geënt, tweejarige appelboomzaailingen van hoge kwaliteit met vertakkingen zijn.The method for the rapid formation of apple trees grafted onto dwarf trunks according to claim 1, wherein the apple tree seedlings grafted onto the dwarf trunks in step (1) are high quality biennial apple tree seedlings with ramifications. 3. De werkwijze voor de snelle vorming van op dwergstammen geënte jonge appelbomen volgens conclusie 1, waarbij de specifieke bewerking van stap (2) omvat: het uitvoeren van knoppensnoei op een kale zone, op een afstand van 50 cm of meer van de grond, van elke stam.The method for the rapid formation of dwarf trunk grafted apple trees according to claim 1, wherein the specific operation of step (2) comprises: performing bud pruning on a bare zone, at a distance of 50 cm or more from the ground, from each tribe. 4. De werkwijze voor de snelle vorming van op dwergstammen geënte jonge appelbomen volgens conclusie 1, waarbij voorafgaand aan stap (2) de knoppen van de takken, op een afstand van 50 cm of minder van de grond, van elke stam verder moeten worden verwijderd.The method for the rapid formation of dwarf trunk grafted apple trees according to claim 1, wherein prior to step (2), the buds of the branches, at a distance of 50 cm or less from the ground, are to be further removed from each trunk. . 5. De werkwijze voor de snelle vorming van op dwergstammen geënte jonge appelbomen volgens conclusie 1, waarbij een hoek van het samentrekken van takken voor hoekopening in stap (3) 90 - 120° bedraagt.The method for the rapid formation of dwarf trunk grafted apple trees according to claim 1, wherein an angle of contraction of branches for corner opening in step (3) is 90 - 120°. 6. De werkwijze voor de snelle vorming van op dwergstammen geënte jonge appelbomen volgens conclusie 1, waarbij de openingshoek in stap (4) 160 - 180° bedraagt.The method for the rapid formation of dwarf trunk grafted apple trees according to claim 1, wherein the opening angle in step (4) is 160-180°. 7. De werkwijze voor de snelle vorming van op dwergstammen geénte jonge appelbomen volgens conclusie 1, waarbij in stap (5) elke verlengde boomtop een lengte heeft van 50 cm of meer en een dikte van 0,8 cm of meer.The method for the rapid formation of dwarf trunk grafted apple trees according to claim 1, wherein in step (5) each elongated tree top has a length of 50 cm or more and a thickness of 0.8 cm or more. 8. De werkwijze voor de snelle vorming van op dwergstammen geénte jonge appelbomen volgens conclusie 1, waarbij in stap (5) de tweede knoppensnoei het snoeien van knoppen op de opstaande takken van de verlengde boomtoppen die een samentrekbehandeling hebben ondergaan omvat.The method for the rapid formation of dwarf trunk grafted apple trees according to claim 1, wherein in step (5) the second bud pruning comprises pruning buds on the upright branches of the elongated treetops which have undergone a contraction treatment. 9. De werkwijze voor de snelle vorming van op dwergstammen geënte jonge appelbomen volgens conclusie 1, waarbij na knoppensnoei een uitlopersextract moet worden uitgesmeerd.The method for the rapid formation of apple trees grafted onto dwarf trunks according to claim 1, wherein a shoot extract is to be spread after bud pruning.
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