NL2027523A - METHOD FOR lN-SITU MONITORING OF SOIL NITROGEN MINERALIZATION IN FIELD - Google Patents

METHOD FOR lN-SITU MONITORING OF SOIL NITROGEN MINERALIZATION IN FIELD Download PDF

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NL2027523A
NL2027523A NL2027523A NL2027523A NL2027523A NL 2027523 A NL2027523 A NL 2027523A NL 2027523 A NL2027523 A NL 2027523A NL 2027523 A NL2027523 A NL 2027523A NL 2027523 A NL2027523 A NL 2027523A
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nitrogen
soil
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amount
mineral
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Du Zhenjie
Qi Xuebin
Zhang Guanglei
Li Ping
Bai Fangfang
Liang Zhijie
Zhao Zhijuan
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Farmland Irrigation Res Institute
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/24—Earth materials
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A01C21/007—Determining fertilization requirements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/24—Earth materials
    • G01N2033/245—Earth materials for agricultural purposes

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Abstract

The present disclosure discloses a method for in-situ monitoring of soil nitrogen mineralization in field, including the following steps: with field monitoring pits of a 5 lysimeter as a trial platform, deploying a gaseous nitrogen monitoring device for monitoring ammonia volatilization and nitrous oxide emission in each monitoring pit before the trial; collecting soil samples in each monitoring pit by sampling in five locations, determining basic physical and chemical properties of the soil samples and the content of nitrogen in each form; meanwhile, monitoring, by an automatic collecting 10 device for the nutrient and salinity data of soil solutions at different depths of each monitoring pit, the original mineral nitrogen contents of deep soil solutions; after sowing and fertilizing, detecting and recording an amount of nitrogen applied each time and a nitrogen content in an irrigation water source, where quantities of nitrogen mineralized in different periods can be calculated at any time from monitored quantities of mineral 15 nitrogen in shallow soil and deep soil solutions and a quantity of crop carrying nitrogen according to a nitrogen balance formula on the basis of the preliminary trial monitoring. The present disclosure solves the problem that the current research on nitrogen mineralization cannot truly reflect the nitrogen mineralization of in-situ soil in the field. 11

Description

METHOD FOR IN-SITU MONITORING OF SOIL NITROGEN MINERALIZATION IN FIELD
TECHNICAL FIELD The present disclosure relates to the technical field of agricultural industry, and in particular, to a method for in-situ monitoring of soil nitrogen mineralization in field.
BACKGROUND Nitrogen balance in a farmland system takes into account the input and output of nitrogen in the system. It is often expressed by the difference between the input and output of farmland nitrogen over a period of time, which can be used to measure the nutrient balance in the farmland system and systematically study the acquisition and loss paths of farmland nitrogen so as to improve the nitrogen utilization efficiency. A comprehensive analysis of the nitrogen balance in the farmland system is beneficial to optimize nitrogen fertilizer input and reduce environmental risks, allowing for large-scale or regional-scale assessment of soil nitrogen cycle in farmland and healthy development of agricultural environment.
Nitrogen balance in farmland is mostly used as a tool at home and abroad, but no in-depth research and discussion have been given to each output and each input of nitrogen balance. In some studies, only simple equations are used for estimation. The application mostly focuses on two aspects. On the one hand, it mainly studies the production efficiency of farmland nitrogen and the surplus of farmland nitrogen. On the other hand, the research is still focusing on agricultural production to study the pollution or potential pollution caused by nitrogen leaching in a basin, thus providing optimized management measures for agricultural fertilization. However, it is worth noting that different countries and regions are different in the reduction of chemical fertilizers due to different basic conditions. For example, because of a nitrogen deficiency in Ukraine, there is a need to increase the input of organic fertilizers to ensure production. Most of other countries in the world have a nitrogen surplus, so it is necessary to take measures such as optimal combined application of nitrogen fertilizers and reasonable field management to appropriately reduce the surplus of farmland nitrogen so as to prevent excess nitrogen from polluting water through leaching, thus reducing pollution while ensuring production.
The mineralization of soil nitrogen is crucial to improve the nitrogen utilization efficiency. The process of nitrogen mineralization is affected by various factors such as soil microorganisms, fertilization, C/N ratio, soil texture, pH, temperature and humidity. The mechanism of mineralization is extremely complex, and the 1 mineralization of nitrogen will be stimulated by the addition of both external nitrogen and organic substances. At present, the research on nitrogen mineralization is mainly based on indoor cultivation experiments. Although the experimental conditions can be well controlled, the experimental environment is quite different from the situation in the field, and it cannot truly reflect the nitrogen mineralization of in-situ soil in the field. In the field, due to the limitation of deep soil sampling conditions and the complexity of the nitrogen cycle process, it is difficult to carry out in-situ monitoring of nitrogen mineralization.
SUMMARY The present disclosure provides a method for in-situ monitoring of soil nitrogen mineralization in field to solve the problem that the current research on nitrogen mineralization cannot truly reflect the nitrogen mineralization of in-situ soil in the field.
To achieve the above technical objective, the present disclosure adopts the following technical solution: A method for in-situ monitoring of soil nitrogen mineralization in field includes the following steps: (1) with field monitoring pits of a lysimeter as a trial platform, deploying a gaseous nitrogen monitoring device for monitoring ammonia volatilization and nitrous oxide emission in each monitoring pit before the trial; (2) collecting soil samples of five layers of 0-20 cm, 20-40 cm, 40-60 cm, 60-80 cm and 80-100 cm in each monitoring pit by sampling in five locations, and determining basic physical and chemical properties of the soil samples and the content of nitrogen in each form; (3) meanwhile, monitoring, by an automatic collecting device for the nutrient and salinity data of soil solutions at different depths of each monitoring pit, the original mineral nitrogen contents of deep soil solutions; and (4) after sowing and fertilizing, detecting and recording an amount of nitrogen applied each time and a nitrogen content in an irrigation water source, where quantities of nitrogen mineralized in different periods can be calculated at any time from monitored quantities of mineral nitrogen in shallow soil and deep soil solutions and a quantity of crop carrying nitrogen according to the following nitrogen balance formula on the basis of the preliminary trial monitoring: nitrogen balance formula: Nm = Nv+ Ne + Ne +Na + Ni- Nr -Ni- Nu (1) where 2
Nm denotes a quantity of mineralized nitrogen, while Nv a quantity of ammonia volatilized, Ne a quantity of nitrous oxide emission, Nc a quantity of nitrogen absorbed in harvested crops, Na a quantity of mineral nitrogen accumulated in shallow soil, Nra quantity of mineral nitrogen accumulated in deep soil, Nr an amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied, Ni an initial quantity of mineral nitrogen in soil in each monitoring pit, and Nw a nitrogen content in irrigation water source; the quantity (Nmin, kg-hm=2) of mineral nitrogen accumulated in each soil layer in soil profile is calculated according to the following formula: Nmin =0.1d Po C (2) where 0.1 is a conversion coefficient, while d is a thickness of a soil layer, Pp is a volume weight (g:cm’3) of soil, and C is a content (mg:kg ’) of mineral nitrogen in a soil layer. Preferably, the deep soil in step (3) may be at the depths of 1.3 m, 1.8 m, 2.3 m, 28m, 3.3m, 38m, 43m, 48mand53m. Preferably, Namay be a quantity of mineral nitrogen accumulated in shallow soil at a depth of 0-80 cm.
Preferably, Ni may be a quantity of mineral nitrogen accumulated in deep soil at a depth of 80-530 cm.
Preferably, the mineral nitrogen may be nitrate nitrogen or ammonium nitrogen.
Beneficial effects of the present disclosure: According to the present disclosure, the quantity of nitrogen leaching from the deep soil solution is monitored using the field measuring pits of the lysimeter; meanwhile, with consideration of nitrogen emission and the nitrogen input and nitrogen loss of the fertilizer water source, a combined facility and a new idea method that can realize in-situ monitoring in the field and real-time accurate quantification of soil nitrogen mineralization are proposed for the first time.
The monitoring pit platform of the lysimeter is creatively used to carry out the research on nitrogen mineralization of in-situ soil in the field in the present disclosure. The lysimeter maximumly maintains the state of in-situ soil in the field and can collect the quantity of mineral nitrogen in the deep (maximum depth of 5.3 m) soil solution in 3 real time. The quantity of the mineralized nitrogen of each treated soil can be accurately calculated according to the formula of nitrogen balance in farmland system in combination with in-situ monitoring facilities for nitrogen emission and the like.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION The following clearly and completely describes the technical solution in the examples of the present disclosure. Apparently, the described examples are merely a part rather than all of the examples of the present disclosure. All other examples obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art based on the examples of the present disclosure without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present disclosure.
A method for in-situ monitoring of soil nitrogen mineralization in field includes the following steps: (1) with field monitoring pits of a lysimeter as a trial platform, deploy a gaseous nitrogen monitoring device for monitoring ammonia volatilization and nitrous oxide emission in each monitoring pit before the trial; (2) collect soil samples of five layers of 0-20 cm, 20-40 cm, 40-60 cm, 60-80 cm and 80-100 cm in each monitoring pit by sampling in five locations, and determine basic physical and chemical properties of the soil samples and the content of nitrogen in each form; (3) meanwhile, monitor, by an automatic collecting device for the nutrient and salinity data of soil solutions at different depths of each monitoring pit, the original mineral nitrogen contents of deep soil solutions (at depths of 1.3 m, 1.8 m, 2.3m, 2.8 m, 3.3m, 3.8m, 43m, 4.8m and 5.3m), (4) after sowing and fertilizing, detect and record an amount of nitrogen applied each time and a nitrogen content in an irrigation water source, where quantities of nitrogen mineralized in different periods can be calculated at any time from monitored quantities of mineral nitrogen in shallow soil and deep soil solutions and a quantity of crop carrying nitrogen according to the following nitrogen balance formula on the basis of the preliminary trial monitoring.
The nitrogen input and the nitrogen output are equal in a farmland system. The nitrogen input includes nitrogen carried by the irrigation water source, a nitrogen fertilizer applied, the original mineral nitrogen in soil and the mineralized nitrogen, while the nitrogen output includes uptake to crop, residual inorganic nitrogen and apparent nitrogen losses (ammonia volatilization, nitrogen emission and deep nitrogen leaching, etc.). Therefore, the quantity of the mineralized nitrogen in each 4 treated soil may be calculated according to the nitrogen balance formula under the trial conditions.
Nm = Nv+ Ne + No +Na + Ni- Nr -Ni - Nw (1) where Nm denotes a quantity of mineralized nitrogen, while Nv a quantity of ammonia volatilized, Ne a quantity of nitrous oxide emission, Nec a quantity of nitrogen absorbed in harvested crops, Na a quantity of mineral nitrogen accumulated in shallow soil (0-80 cm), N; a quantity of mineral nitrogen accumulated in deep soil (80-530), Nr an amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied, N; an initial quantity of mineral nitrogen in soil in each monitoring pit, and Nw a nitrogen content in irrigation water source.
The quantity (Nmin, kg-hm-2) of mineral nitrogen (nitrate nitrogen or ammonium nitrogen) accumulated in each soil layer in soil profile is calculated according to the following formula: Nmin =0.1d Ps C (2) where 0.1 is a conversion coefficient, while d is a thickness of a soil layer, Ps is a volume weight (g:cm’3) of soil, and C is a content (mg:kg 1} of mineral nitrogen in a soil layer.
Example: A trial was carried out in monitoring pits of a lysimeter.
Two groups of equal-nitrogen input treatments with an organic fertilizer and a chemical fertilizer were designed for the trial, namely high nitrogen treatment with organic fertilizer and high nitrogen treatment with chemical fertilizer, and low nitrogen treatment with organic fertilizer and low nitrogen treatment with chemical fertilizer.
Border irrigation with well water was carried out in a fixed amount of 900 m®hm? at seedling establishment stage (March 8) and jointing-heading stage (April 15). At each irrigation, nitrogen fertilizers with equal quantity of nitrogen were applied for the high nitrogen treatment group and the low nitrogen treatment group, respectively.
Base fertilizers were applied in accordance with the local farmers’ habits.
In particular, the nitrogen fertilizer was applied in an amount of 75 kg/hm? (in terms of pure nitrogen) before planting.
The total amount of nitrogen applied for the high nitrogen group was 291 N kg/hm?, and the total amount of nitrogen applied for the low nitrogen group was 183 N kg/hm?. 5
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate was applied as base phosphorus and potassium fertilizer was applied once in an amount of 150 kg/hm? (i.e., 78 kg/hm? of P205 and 51 kg/hm? of K20). Other field management was carried out in accordance with farmers’ routine habits. There were 4 treatments in this trial, each repeated 3 times and 12 cells in total. See table 1 for the basic physical and chemical properties of soil. See table 2 for the calculation of the mineral nitrogen balance and nitrogen mineralization of winter wheat at the jointing-heading stage (April 20) (the very small difference in quantity of nitrogen fixation in crops between treatments was not considered in this case).
Table 1 Basic Physical and Chemical Properties of Soil Before Trial Volum Texture (g/kg) Soil e Total Total Total Organi Laye H Weigh Porosit Nitroge Phosphor c r p t y Clay n us Matter (cm) (g/em® (%) Grain (g/kg) (g/kg) (g/kg) ) Ss Silt Grit
8.9 157.7 478.9 363.2 0-20 5 1.42 46.42 7 7 6 0.50 0.70 15.43 20-4 91 372.9 4495 0 5 1.28 51.70 177.5 5 5 0.27 0.43 8.12 40-6 9.3 0 2 1.54 41.89 276.1 4708 2531 0.20 0.37 10.81 60-8 9.3 363.2 0 1 1.47 46.42 276.1 470.8 6 0.24 0.36 9.24 Table 2 Calculation of mineral nitrogen balance and nitrogen mineralization of winter wheat at jointing-heading stage (April 20) Treat | Am | Initial Nitro | Quantit | Quantit | Amm | Nitrous | Deep Quant ment | ount | Nitroge | gen y of | y of | onia | Oxide | Nitrate |ity of of n Carri | Nitroge | Residu | Volati | Emissi | Nitroge | Nitrog Nitr | Before (ed by | n al lized | on n en oge | Plantin | Irrigat | Absorb | Nitroge Leachi | Miner n g ion ed byin ng alized App | (0-530 | Wate | Crops Accum (100-53 lied | cm) r ulated 0 cm) (0-2 (0-100 6
0 cm) el fT] High | 291 | 218.35 | 2.01% (132.271 | 356.89 | 1.82+ | 0.1810 | 98.32+ | 78.28 nitro $10.52 | 0.08a | 1213aa | £21.57 | 0.21b | .05a 10.67b | £8.12 gen a a a with orga nic fertili zer High | 291 | 221.65 | 2.79% | 137.041 | 349.32 | 2.64+ | 0.1610 | 110.35 | 84.06 nitro $11.07 | 0.08a | 14.38a | $26.18 | 0.14a | .03a 112.12 | £9.31 gen a a a a with che mical fertili zer Low | 183 |214.91 | 1.12% | 79.1617 | 273.12 | 1.02+ | 0.089% | 60.14+ | 14.61 nitro $12.18 | 0.08a | .07b $19.26 | 0.14c | 0.009b | 7.89d 14.26 gen a b el with orga nic fertili zer Low | 183 | 204.95 | 1.09+ | 83.858 | 266.89 | 0.10+ | 0.091% | 72.56 | 35.35 nitro $12.36 | 0.08a | .66b $18.38 | 0.23c | 0.008b | 6.76c 10.16 gen a b b with che mical fertili
7 zer = | LL LLL LL The foregoing are merely preferred examples of the present disclosure, and are not used to limit the present disclosure.
Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present disclosure shall fall within the protection scope of the present disclosure. 8

Claims (5)

Conclusies:Conclusions: 1. Een methode voor monitoring ter plaatse van stikstofmineralisatie van een bodem in een veld, bestaande uit de volgende stappen: (1) met behulp van monitoringputten van een lysimeter in het veld als een proefplatform, gebruik maken van een stikstofmonitoringapparaat voor het monitoren van het vervliegen van ammoniak en de uitstoot van stikstofoxide bij elke monitorput, voor de proef; (2) bodemmonsters verzamelen van vijf lagen van 0-20 cm, 20-40 cm, 40-60 cm, 60-80 cm en 80-100 cm bij elke monitorput door monsters op te nemen op vijf locaties, en de elementaire fysieke en chemische eigenschappen van de bodemmonsters en de inhoud van stikstof in elke vorm bepalen; (3) ondertussen, wordt er de originele inhoud van minerale stikstof van diepe bodemoplossingen gemonitord op verschillende dieptes van elke monitorput, door middel van een automatisch apparaat voor het opnemen van gegevens over voedingsstof en zoutgehalte van bodemoplossingen; en (4) na het kiemen en bevruchten, het detecteren en registreren van een hoeveelheid stikstof die elke keer wordt toegepast en een stikstofhoeveelheid in een irrigatie waterbron, waarbij hoeveelheden stikstof gemineraliseerd in verschillende perioden kunnen worden berekend op elk moment van gemonitorde hoeveelheden van mineraal stikstof in ondiepe en diepe bodemoplossingen en een hoeveelheid aan gewassen met stikstof volgens de volgende stikstofbalansformule op basis van de voorbereidende proefmonitoring; waarbij de stikstofbalansformule de volgende is: waarbij Nm een hoeveelheid gemineraliseerd stikstof aangeeft, terwijl Nv een hoeveelheid vervlogen ammoniak, Ne een hoeveelheid uitgestoten stikstofoxide, Ne een hoeveelheid stikstof geabsorbeerd in geoogste gewassen, Na een hoeveelheid mineraal stikstof opgestapeld in ondiepe bodem, N; een hoeveelheid mineraal stikstof opgestapeld in diepe bodem, Nr een hoeveelheid toegepaste meststoffen op basis van stikstof, N; een initiële hoeveelheid mineraal stikstof in de bodem in elke monitoringput, en Ny een stikstofhoeveelheid in irrigatiewaterbron; en de hoeveelheid (Nmin, kg-hm?) van mineraal stikstof opgestapeld in elke 9 bodemlaag in bodemprofiel wordt berekend volgens de volgende formule: Nmn =0.1d Po C (2) waarbij 0,1 een omrekeningscoéfficiént is, d is een dikte van een bodemlaag, Pb is een volumegewicht (g-cm-3) van bodem, en C is een inhoud (mg:kg°*) van mineraal 40 stikstof in een bodemlaag.1. A method for on-site monitoring of nitrogen mineralization of a soil in a field, consisting of the following steps: (1) using monitoring wells of a lysimeter in the field as a pilot platform, using a nitrogen monitoring device to monitor the evaporation of ammonia and nitrogen oxide emissions from each monitor well, before the test; (2) collect soil samples from five layers of 0-20 cm, 20-40 cm, 40-60 cm, 60-80 cm and 80-100 cm from each monitor well by taking samples at five locations, and the basic physical and determine chemical properties of the soil samples and the content of nitrogen in each form; (3) Meanwhile, the original mineral nitrogen content of deep soil solutions is monitored at different depths of each monitor well, by means of an automatic device for recording nutrient and salinity data of soil solutions; and (4) after sprouting and fertilization, detecting and recording an amount of nitrogen applied each time and an amount of nitrogen in an irrigation water source, wherein amounts of nitrogen mineralized in different periods can be calculated at each time from monitored amounts of mineral nitrogen. in shallow and deep soil solutions and an amount of crops with nitrogen according to the following nitrogen balance formula based on the preliminary test monitoring; wherein the nitrogen balance formula is: where Nm indicates an amount of mineralized nitrogen, while Nv indicates an amount of lost ammonia, Ne an amount of nitrogen oxide expelled, Ne an amount of nitrogen absorbed in harvested crops, Na an amount of mineral nitrogen accumulated in shallow soil, N; an amount of mineral nitrogen accumulated in deep soil, Nr an amount of applied fertilizers based on nitrogen, N; an initial amount of mineral nitrogen in the soil in each monitoring well, and Ny an amount of nitrogen in irrigation water source; and the amount (Nmin, kg-hm?) of mineral nitrogen accumulated in each 9 soil layer in soil profile is calculated according to the following formula: Nmn = 0.1d Po C (2) where 0.1 is a conversion coefficient, d is a thickness of a soil layer, Pb is a volume weight (g-cm-3) of soil, and C is a content (mg: kg ° *) of mineral nitrogen in a soil layer. 2. De methode voor monitoring ter plaatse van stikstofmineralisatie in de bodem in het veld volgens conclusie 1, waarbij de diepe bodem in stap (3) op de dieptes van 1.3 m,‚1.8m, 23m 28m, 33m, 3.8m, 43m, 48m en 5.3 m kan zijn.The in-field soil nitrogen mineralization method according to claim 1, wherein the deep soil in step (3) is at the depths of 1.3m, 1.8m, 23m, 28m, 33m, 3.8m, 43m, 48m and 5.3m can be. 4545 3. De methode voor monitoring ter plaatse van stikstofmineralisatie in de bodem in het veld volgens conclusie 1, waarbij Na een hoeveelheid mineraal stikstof opgestapeld in ondiepe grond bij een diepte van 0-80 cm is.The method for on-site soil nitrogen mineralization in the field according to claim 1, wherein Na is an amount of mineral nitrogen accumulated in shallow soil at a depth of 0-80 cm. 50 4. De methode voor monitoring ter plaatse van stikstofmineralisatie in de bodem in het veld volgens conclusie 1, waarbij Ny een hoeveelheid mineraal stikstof opgestapeld in diepe grond bij een diepte van 80-530 cm is.The method for on-site soil nitrogen mineralization in the field according to claim 1, wherein Ny is an amount of mineral nitrogen accumulated in deep soil at a depth of 80-530 cm. 5. De methode voor monitoring ter plaatse van stikstofmineralisatie in de bodem in 55 het veld volgens conclusie 1, waarbij het mineraal stikstof nitraatstikstof of ammoniumstikstof is.5. The in-field soil nitrogen mineralization method according to claim 1, wherein the mineral nitrogen is nitrate nitrogen or ammoniacal nitrogen.
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