CN111398565A - Method for monitoring soil nitrogen mineralization characteristics in field in-situ state - Google Patents
Method for monitoring soil nitrogen mineralization characteristics in field in-situ state Download PDFInfo
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- CN111398565A CN111398565A CN202010279474.XA CN202010279474A CN111398565A CN 111398565 A CN111398565 A CN 111398565A CN 202010279474 A CN202010279474 A CN 202010279474A CN 111398565 A CN111398565 A CN 111398565A
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 285
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 144
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- 230000033558 biomineral tissue development Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrous Oxide Chemical compound [O-][N+]#N GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000003621 irrigation water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000001272 nitrous oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000009933 burial Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- MMDJDBSEMBIJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[NH6+3] Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[NH6+3] MMDJDBSEMBIJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011002 quantification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005527 soil sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000020681 well water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002349 well water Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/24—Earth materials
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/24—Earth materials
- G01N33/245—Earth materials for agricultural purposes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/007—Determining fertilization requirements
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Fertilizing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for monitoring soil nitrogen mineralization characteristics in a field in-situ state, which comprises the following steps: taking field measurement pits of an underground permeameter as a test platform, and before testing, arranging a gaseous nitrogen monitoring device for monitoring ammonia volatilization and nitrous oxide emission in each measurement pit; respectively collecting the measured pits by a five-point mixing method; meanwhile, according to the automatic data acquisition device for nutrients and salinity of the soil solution at different burial depths of the test pit, monitoring the original mineral nitrogen content of the deep soil solution; after sowing and fertilizing, recording and detecting the nitrogen application amount and the nitrogen content in the irrigation water source each time; on the basis of early test monitoring, the mineralized amount of nitrogen in different periods can be calculated at any time according to a nitrogen balance formula by monitoring the mineral nitrogen in shallow soil and deep soil solution and the amount of nitrogen carried by crops. The invention solves the problem that the current research on nitrogen mineralization cannot truly reflect the nitrogen mineralization characteristics of field in-situ soil.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural industry, in particular to a method for monitoring soil nitrogen mineralization characteristics in a field in-situ state.
Background
The nitrogen balance of the farmland system takes the input and output of the nitrogen of the farmland system into consideration, is usually expressed by the balance of the nitrogen of the farmland in a period of time, can be used for measuring the nutrient balance of the farmland system, systematically studies the acquisition and loss paths of the nitrogen of the farmland and improves the utilization efficiency of the nitrogen; the comprehensive analysis of nitrogen balance in a farmland system is beneficial to optimizing nitrogen fertilizer input and reducing environmental risks, and is used for evaluating the nitrogen circulation of farmland soil and the healthy development state of agricultural environment on a large scale or a regional scale.
Farmland nitrogen balance is mostly used as a tool at home and abroad, but deep research and discussion are not given to each outlet and each inlet of nitrogen balance, and partial research only adopts a simpler equation for estimation. The application focuses on two aspects, and on one hand, the production efficiency of farmland nitrogen and the surplus condition of farmland nitrogen are mainly researched. On the other hand, the focus of research still focuses on the production of agricultural yield, and the pollution or potential pollution caused by the leaching loss of the nitrogen in the drainage basin to the environment is researched, so that an optimization management measure is provided for agricultural fertilization. However, it is worth noting that the basic conditions of different countries are inconsistent, and there are differences in the amount of fertilizer reduction, such as shortage of Ukran nitrogen, and the need to increase the input of organic fertilizer and the like to ensure the yield, while for other countries in the world, if nitrogen is more surplus, measures such as optimized distribution of nitrogen fertilizer and reasonable management in the field are required to properly reduce the surplus of nitrogen in the farmland, so as to prevent the surplus nitrogen from polluting water bodies by leaching, and ensure the production and reduce pollution.
The mineralization of soil nitrogen is crucial to the improvement of the utilization efficiency of nitrogen, the mineralization process of nitrogen is influenced by soil microorganisms, fertilization, C/N ratio, soil texture, pH, temperature and humidity and other factors, the mineralization mechanism is very complex, and the mineralization of nitrogen can be stimulated by the addition of exogenous nitrogen and organic substances. Currently, the research on nitrogen mineralization is mainly based on indoor culture tests. Although the test conditions can be well controlled, the difference between the test environment and the field state is large, and the nitrogen mineralization characteristics of the field in-situ soil cannot be truly reflected. In the field state, due to the limitation of deep soil sampling conditions and the complexity of a nitrogen circulation process, in-situ nitrogen mineralization monitoring is difficult to perform.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for monitoring soil nitrogen mineralization characteristics in a field in-situ state, which solves the problem that the current research on nitrogen mineralization cannot truly reflect the nitrogen mineralization characteristics of field in-situ soil.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
a method for monitoring soil nitrogen mineralization characteristics in an in situ field condition, comprising the steps of:
(1) taking field measurement pits of an underground permeameter as a test platform, and before testing, arranging a gaseous nitrogen monitoring device for monitoring ammonia volatilization and nitrous oxide emission in each measurement pit;
(2) respectively collecting five layers of soil samples of 0-20 cm, 20-40 cm, 40-60 cm, 60-80 cm and 80-100 cm in a test pit by a five-point mixing method, and measuring the basic physicochemical properties of soil to be tested and the content of nitrogen in each form;
(3) meanwhile, according to the automatic data acquisition device for nutrients and salinity of the soil solution at different burial depths of the test pit, monitoring the original mineral nitrogen content of the deep soil solution;
(4) after sowing and fertilizing, recording and detecting the nitrogen application amount and the nitrogen content in the irrigation water source each time; on the basis of early test monitoring, the mineralization quantity of nitrogen in different periods can be calculated at any time by monitoring the mineral nitrogen in shallow soil and deep soil solutions and the quantity of nitrogen carried by crops according to a nitrogen balance formula;
nitrogen balance formula:
Nm＝Nv+Ne+Nc+Na+Nl-Nf-Ni-Nw(1)
in the formula
NmAmount of mineralization of nitrogen
NvAmount of ammonia volatilized
NeNitrous oxide emissions
Nc-amount of nitrogen taken up by crop after harvesting
NaAccumulation of mineral nitrogen in the superficial layers of the soil
NlAccumulation of mineral nitrogen in the deep layers of the soil
NfAmount of Nitrogen fertilizer applied
NiMeasuring the initial mineral nitrogen content of the soil in the pit
Nw-nitrogen content in irrigation water source
Accumulation amount of mineral nitrogen (N) of each soil layer in soil profilemin，kg·hm-2) Calculated as follows:
Nmin＝0.1d PbC (2)
where 0.1-conversion factor
d-thickness of soil layer
PbSoil volume weight (g cm)-3)
C-mineral nitrogen content in a certain soil layer (mg. kg)-1)。
Wherein, preferably, the depth of the deep soil in the step (3) is 1.3m, 1.8m, 2.3m, 2.8m, 3.3m, 3.8m, 4.3m, 4.8m and 5.3 m.
Wherein, preferably, said NaThe mineral nitrogen accumulation amount of the soil shallow layer is 0-80cm in depth.
Wherein, preferably, theN lThe mineral nitrogen accumulation amount in the deep layer of the soil is 80-530cm deep.
Wherein, preferably, the mineral carbon is nitrate nitrogen or ammonium nitrogen.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention monitors the nitrogen leaching loss of the deep soil solution by using the field measuring pit of the underground permeameter, considers the nitrogen emission and the nitrogen input and nitrogen loss in a fertilizer water source, and initiatively provides a set of combined facilities and an idea method capable of realizing field in-situ monitoring and real-time accurate quantification of soil nitrogen mineralization.
The invention creatively utilizes the pit measuring platform of the underground permeameter to research the nitrogen mineralization characteristics of the field in-situ soil. The underground permeameter keeps the state of field in-situ soil to the maximum extent, can also collect the mineral nitrogen content in deep soil solution (the maximum depth is 5.3m) in real time, and can accurately calculate the nitrogen mineralization quantity of each treated soil according to the nitrogen balance formula of a farmland system by matching with in-situ monitoring facilities such as nitrogen discharge and the like.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
A method for monitoring soil nitrogen mineralization characteristics in an in situ field condition, comprising the steps of:
(1) taking field measurement pits of an underground permeameter as a test platform, and before testing, arranging a gaseous nitrogen monitoring device for monitoring ammonia volatilization and nitrous oxide emission in each measurement pit;
(2) respectively collecting five layers of soil samples of 0-20 cm, 20-40 cm, 40-60 cm, 60-80 cm and 80-100 cm in a test pit by a five-point mixing method, and measuring the basic physicochemical properties of soil to be tested and the content of nitrogen in each form;
(3) meanwhile, according to the automatic acquisition device for the nutrient and salinity data of the soil solution at different burial depths of the test pit, the original mineral nitrogen content of the deep soil (1.3m, 1.8m, 2.3m, 2.8m, 3.3m, 3.8m, 4.3m, 4.8m and 5.3m) solution is monitored;
(4) after sowing and fertilizing, recording and detecting the nitrogen application amount and the nitrogen content in the irrigation water source each time; on the basis of early test monitoring, the mineralization quantity of nitrogen in different periods can be calculated at any time by monitoring the mineral nitrogen in shallow soil and deep soil solutions and the quantity of nitrogen carried by crops according to a nitrogen balance formula;
the nitrogen input and nitrogen output in the field system are equal. The nitrogen input quantity comprises 4 items of irrigation water source bringing, nitrogen fertilizer application, soil original mineral nitrogen and nitrogen mineralization, and the nitrogen output quantity comprises 3 items of crop absorption, residual inorganic nitrogen and nitrogen apparent loss (ammonia volatilization, nitrogen emission, nitrogen deep leaching loss and the like). Therefore, under the test condition, the nitrogen mineralization quantity of the soil treated is calculated according to a nitrogen balance formula.
Nm＝Nv+Ne+Nc+Na+Nl-Nf-Ni--Nw(1)
In the formula
NmAmount of mineralization of nitrogen
NvAmount of ammonia volatilized
NeNitrous oxide emissions
Nc-amount of nitrogen taken up by crop after harvesting
NaAccumulation of mineral Nitrogen in shallow soil layers (0-80cm)
NlMineral nitrogen accumulation in the deep soil layer (80-530cm)
NfAmount of Nitrogen fertilizer applied
NiMeasuring the initial mineral nitrogen content of the soil in the pit
Nw-nitrogen content in irrigation water source
Accumulation amount of mineral nitrogen (nitrate nitrogen or ammonium nitrogen) of each soil layer in soil section (N)min，kg·hm-2) Calculated as follows:
Nmin＝0.1d PbC (2)
where 0.1-conversion factor
d-thickness of soil layer
PbSoil volume weight (g cm)-3)
C-mineral nitrogen content in a certain soil layer (mg. kg)-1)。
Examples
The test was developed in a test pit of a penetrometer in the ground. Two groups of organic fertilizers and chemical fertilizer treatments with equal nitrogen input are designed in a test, namely organic fertilizer high nitrogen treatment and chemical fertilizer high nitrogen treatment, organic fertilizer low nitrogen treatment and chemical fertilizer low nitrogen treatment; the irrigation mode is well water ridge irrigation, and the irrigation quota is 900m3/hm2And the irrigation period: the water for turning green (3 months and 8 days), and the jointing-heading water (4 months and 15 days), wherein nitrogen fertilizers with equal nitrogen content are applied by the high-nitrogen group treatment and the low-nitrogen group treatment respectively during water irrigation. The base fertilizer is applied by 75kg/hm before sowing according to local farmer habits2The nitrogen application amount of the high nitrogen group is 291N kg/hm (calculated by pure nitrogen) in total2The nitrogen application amount of the low nitrogen group is 183N kg/hm2(ii) a The phosphorus fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer are potassium dihydrogen phosphate which is used as base fertilizer and is applied at one time with the concentration of 150kg/hm2(i.e., P)2O578kg/hm2，K2O 51kg/hm2). The rest field management is carried out according to the routine habit of farmers. The experiment was set with 4 treatments, each of which was repeated 3 times for a total of 12 cells. The basic physical and chemical properties of the soil are shown in table 1. The mineral nitrogen balance and nitrogen mineralization calculations during the jointing-heading period (4 months and 20 days) of winter wheat are shown in table 2 (since the nitrogen content of the crops at each treatment interval is very small, the difference is not considered in the present case).
TABLE 1 basic physicochemical Properties of the soil before the test
TABLE 2 Calculations of mineral Nitrogen balance and Nitrogen mineralization in the jointing-heading stage (4 months and 20 days) of winter wheat
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (5)
1. A method for monitoring soil nitrogen mineralization characteristics in an in situ state in a field is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) taking field measurement pits of an underground permeameter as a test platform, and before testing, arranging a gaseous nitrogen monitoring device for monitoring ammonia volatilization and nitrous oxide emission in each measurement pit;
(2) respectively collecting five layers of soil samples of 0-20 cm, 20-40 cm, 40-60 cm, 60-80 cm and 80-100 cm in a test pit by a five-point mixing method, and measuring the basic physicochemical properties of soil to be tested and the content of nitrogen in each form;
(3) meanwhile, according to the automatic data acquisition device for nutrients and salinity of the soil solution at different burial depths of the test pit, monitoring the original mineral nitrogen content of the deep soil solution;
(4) after sowing and fertilizing, recording and detecting the nitrogen application amount and the nitrogen content in the irrigation water source each time; on the basis of early test monitoring, the mineralization quantity of nitrogen in different periods can be calculated at any time by monitoring the mineral nitrogen in shallow soil and deep soil solutions and the quantity of nitrogen carried by crops according to a nitrogen balance formula;
the nitrogen balance formula is as follows:
Nm＝Nv+Ne+Nc+Na+Nl-Nf-Ni-Nw(1)
in the formula
NmAmount of mineralization of nitrogen
NvAmount of ammonia volatilized
NeNitrous oxide emissions
Nc-amount of nitrogen taken up by crop after harvesting
NaAccumulation of mineral nitrogen in the superficial layers of the soil
NlAccumulation of mineral nitrogen in the deep layers of the soil
NfAmount of Nitrogen fertilizer applied
NiMeasuring the initial mineral nitrogen content of the soil in the pit
Nw-nitrogen content in irrigation water source
Accumulation amount of mineral nitrogen (N) of each soil layer in soil profilemin，kg·hm-2) Calculated as follows:
Nmin＝0.1d PbC (2)
where 0.1-conversion factor
d-thickness of soil layer
PbSoil volume weight (gcm-3)
C-mineral nitrogen content in a certain soil layer (mg. kg)-1)。
2. The method for monitoring soil nitrogen mineralization characteristics in an in situ field situation, as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the depth of the deep soil in the step (3) is 1.3m, 1.8m, 2.3m, 2.8m, 3.3m, 3.8m, 4.3m, 4.8m and 5.3 m.
3. The method for monitoring soil nitrogen mineralization characteristics in an in situ field situation, as claimed in claim 1, wherein: said N isaThe mineral nitrogen accumulation amount of the soil shallow layer is 0-80cm in depth.
4. The method for monitoring soil nitrogen mineralization characteristics in an in situ field situation, as claimed in claim 1, wherein: said N islThe mineral nitrogen accumulation amount in the deep layer of the soil is 80-530cm deep.
5. The method for monitoring soil nitrogen mineralization characteristics in an in situ field situation, as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the mineral nitrogen is nitrate nitrogen or ammonium nitrogen.
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| CN202010279474.XA CN111398565A (en) | 2020-04-10 | 2020-04-10 | Method for monitoring soil nitrogen mineralization characteristics in field in-situ state |
| NL2027523A NL2027523B1 (en) | 2020-04-10 | 2021-02-08 | METHOD FOR lN-SITU MONITORING OF SOIL NITROGEN MINERALIZATION IN FIELD |
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| CN202010279474.XA CN111398565A (en) | 2020-04-10 | 2020-04-10 | Method for monitoring soil nitrogen mineralization characteristics in field in-situ state |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113310923A (en) * | 2021-05-11 | 2021-08-27 | 长江水利委员会长江科学院 | Method for improving micro-area soil nitrogen migration and conversion rate |
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