CN103646347B - A kind of method for determining crop amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer - Google Patents
A kind of method for determining crop amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method for determining crop amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer, it is characterised in that the amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer is calculated as follows：In above formula：Nf‑optRecommend amount of nitrogen for crop；Y is target output；NPE is nitrogenous fertilizer physiological use efficiency；NREoptTo recommend the apparent accumulative rate of recovery under the conditions of amount of nitrogen.Really it is simple and quick accurate that the method for ordered goods amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer of the invention calculates, and scientific in principle, reliable in parameters, is a kind of nitrogen fertilizer recommendation method based on accumulative utilization rate and crop yield.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural plantation technology field, is determined more particularly to one kind based on accumulative utilization rate and crop yield
The method of crop amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer.
Background technology
Crop recommends amount of nitrogen on the one hand can increase utilization rate of fertilizer so as to increase the income of peasant, on the other hand can be with
Reduce nitrogenous fertilizer to lose from soil plant system, reduce environmental pollution.But the amount of nitrogen of accurate and simple and quick ordered goods really
Never solve well.Due to the mutability of nitrogen, plus nitrogen absorption by crop, soil, weather and nitrogen application
The restriction of the factors such as quantity, mode, time, the utilization ratio research of nitrogen is an extremely complex job.Therefore, this season of nitrogen
Utilization rate has very big variation, for example this season utilization rate of wheat nitrogen can change between 0.3% to 89%, and unit applies nitrogen
Caused economic benefit is but declining.It is reported that the agronomy efficiency of Wheat in China nitrogen（Seed dry caused by per kilogram nitrogen
Amount）1981-1983 10kg/kg N are reduced to from 1958-1963 about 10-15kg/kg N；Corn is corresponding
Period drops to 13.4kg/kg N from 20-30.This is primarily due to the increase of agriculturally nitrogen fertilizer amount.After so bringing
Fruit is that excessive nitrogenous fertilizer will lose from plant-soil system, polluted underground water and surface water.
The key for solving problem above is Optimal Nitrogen Application amount.It is all with this season that the recommendation of current most of nitrogenous fertilizer, which is applied,
Utilization rate and method of fertilization for target yield are theoretical foundation.This method is to propose nineteen sixty earliest, gradually expanded later.This method
In, this season utilization rate of Accurate Determining nitrogen is crucial.For now, nitrogen this season utilization rate measure has two methods, Yi Zhongshi
Minusing, first, tracer method.Supposed premise when in use all be present in two methods.The former assumes to be added to soil
In nitrogenous fertilizer will not change absorption of the crop to soil nitrogen itself；And the latter assumes plant to the various isotopes of nitrogen in physiology profit
Use no difference.Typically, in the case where soil available nitrogen is higher, to be less than using minusing measured value and use same position
Plain trace method, and soil available nitrogen is relatively low, then conversely.What this mainly complicated mineral nitrogen supply feature determined.It is unlucky
It is up to the present, to be obtained without a kind of method for determining mineral nitrogen supply ability under different edaphic condition and climate zone
Extensive approval.
Therefore, it is a preferably selection to invent a kind of method for being relatively easy to estimate the accumulative rate of recovery of nitrogen.At one
In longer time, the mineralising of the Soil Nitrogen based on agricultural system and fixation are in the state of balance, and a simple soil-
Families of plant nitrogen balance can often be established.In this approach, only it is used for the nitrogen from fertilizers input as input item, and on the ground
Partly total absorbed nitrogen is unique output item.Furthermore what the nitrogenous fertilizer accumulation and needs in soil considered.Due to tiring out for nitrogenous fertilizer
The variation of product utilization rate is smaller, and Billy has very big advantage with this season utilization rate, so it is simple and quick accurate to establish one kind
The nitrogen fertilizer recommendation method based on accumulative utilization rate and crop yield be science and feasible.
Recommendation method on amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer mainly has three classes：(1) soil and plant test class, including pass through soil
And/or plant
Test to determine the various methods of optimum nitrogen rate；(2) field test method, tested with field amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer as base
The recommendation method of plinth, i.e., carry out substantial amounts of field nitrogen fertilizer amount for a certain crop and test, in terms of this nitrogenous fertilizer of each field is fitted
Preferably apply
Dosage；（3）The suitable amount of application method of zone leveling, and a kind of field test method, i.e., for a certain crop at one
Region carries out substantial amounts of field nitrogen fertilizer amount experiment, and takes it averagely to draw the zone leveling optimum nitrogen rate of the crop.Test
The various methods of class are always the study hotspot of many scientific and technical personnel, and the purpose is to make every effort to meet identified amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer
Being actually needed there and then.But actually this kind of method can only achieve sxemiquantitative recommended levels for various reasons.This
It is primarily due to：(1) some used parameters are obtained from lot of experiments when according to test result calculations amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer
The average value gone out, such as nitrogenous fertilizer this season utilization rate, their variation is bigger, is had with the actual numerical value of specific field certain
Difference；(2) index of soil nitrogen deliverability, the correlation between soil nitrogen deliverability and test value are also lacked now
It is relatively low, it is impossible to meet the needs of recommended fertilizer；(3)
Inevitable Field sampling error.So small in China's field, quantity is big, and variation is big, the high feelings of multiple crop index
Under condition, the workload of test is very big, not in time, it is impossible to meets the needs of China's agricultural.Nitrogenous fertilizer is determined using field test method
Recommended amounts, this method is time-consuming to take a lot of work, it is impossible to timely reflects the needs of this season crop.Existing frequently-used method is region fertilising
Method, according to past test data, so that it is determined that the amount of nitrogen of some region and certain crop, but this method application condition
Greatly, it is impossible to amount of nitrogen is determined according to target output, does not also consider the Nitrogen Availability in soil.
The field test method that related existing nitrogen fertilizer application in crops determines, it is time-consuming to take a lot of work, it is impossible to timely to reflect this season crop
Needs；Soil Available N method, measure can not reflect edaphic condition and crop needs well；Region fertilization method, belong to half
Quantitative method, it is impossible to meet the otherness of field.These methods easily cause excessive applied nitrogen, cause environmental pollution.This
A little methods can't accomplish quickly, simple and accurate.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to propose to a kind of method for determining crop amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer, to solve the recommendation of crop nitrogen fertilizer application amount
In it is time-consuming, it is complicated and inaccurate the problem of, especially fertilizer accumulates in soil causes problem of environmental pollution.
Term " recommendation amount of nitrogen " is the amount of nitrogenous fertilizer that crop is applied in actual production in the present invention, also referred to as " optimal
Amount of nitrogen ".
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, present invention employs following technical scheme：One kind determines crop amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer
Method, the amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer calculates by formula 1：
Formula 1
In formula 1：Nf-optRecommend amount of nitrogen for crop；Y is target output；NPE is nitrogenous fertilizer physiological use efficiency；NREoptFor
Recommend the apparent accumulative rate of recovery under the conditions of amount of nitrogen.
The method as described above for determining crop amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer, target output may be used as thing past few years average product
1.1 times estimated, or the maximum output obtained under local kind of Best Management Practices as target output.
The present invention also provides a kind of method for determining Wheat Maize Rotation system amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer, calculates wheat respectively and pushes away
Recommend amount of nitrogen and corn recommends amount of nitrogen；
Wheat Maize Rotation system amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer=wheat recommends amount of nitrogen+corn to recommend amount of nitrogen.
The method for determining Wheat Maize Rotation system amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer as described above,
Wheat Maize Rotation system amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer=wheat yield/29.6+ corn yield/38.4.
The present invention also provides a kind of method for determining wheat-rice Rotation System amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer, calculates wheat respectively and pushes away
Recommend amount of nitrogen and rice recommends amount of nitrogen；
Wheat-rice Rotation System amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer=wheat recommends amount of nitrogen+rice to recommend amount of nitrogen.
The method for determining wheat-rice Rotation System amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer as described above,
Wheat-rice Rotation System amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer=wheat yield/25.2+ corn yield/35.2.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are：The present invention is to be based on substantial amounts of long term monitoring data, knot
Close using new ideas and the crop yield for accumulating utilization rate, testing expense is high in the nitrogen fertilizer recommendation of overcoming over, and process is complicated, field
Between test time consuming, again can not be timely and effectively the shortcomings that, computational methods of the invention are simple and quick accurate, not only concept
Newly, scientific in principle, and reliable in parameters are a kind of brand-new thinkings and simple and quick are accurately based on accumulative utilization rate and crop
The nitrogen fertilizer recommendation method of yield.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is to utilize present invention determine that the wheat that the method for Wheat Maize Rotation system amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer calculates is recommended to apply
The relation for the optimal nitrogenous fertilizer amount of nitrogen that nitrogen quantity is obtained with field test.
Fig. 2 is to utilize present invention determine that the corn that the method for Wheat Maize Rotation system amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer calculates is recommended to apply
The relation for the optimal nitrogenous fertilizer amount of nitrogen that nitrogen quantity is obtained with field test.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail with reference to specific embodiment, but it is not as a limitation of the invention.
The cardinal principle of the inventive method is that the apparent accumulation rate of recovery based on nitrogenous fertilizer is calculated.Apparent accumulative recovery
Rate（(NRE) computational methods are crop aerial parts（Seed and stalk）Total absorption of nitrogen（Np, kg N/ha）Divided by nitrogenous fertilizer
Total input amount（Nf, kg N/ha）, formula is as follows：
I is Cultivation time in above formula.
When under the conditions of amount of nitrogen is recommended, recommend the apparent accumulative rate of recovery under the conditions of amount of nitrogen（NREopt）It can pass through
Formula below calculates：
NREopt=Np/Nf-opt
Because for same kind, under the conditions of recommending amount of nitrogen, nitrogen content is more stable numerical value in crop, so making
The total amount of nitrogen sucking of thing（Np）It may be used as thing seed and stalk amount of nitrogen sucking sum calculated.The nitrogenous fertilizer physiological use efficiency of specific crop
It is (NPE, referring to the incrementss for the grain yield that crop overground part is obtained per absorbance units nitrogen) and more stable, so,
Total amount of nitrogen sucking (N in cropp) can be calculated by nitrogenous fertilizer physiological use efficiency (NPE) and target output (Y)：Np=Y/NPE.
So based on the apparent accumulation utilization rate of nitrogenous fertilizer and target output（Y）Recommendation amount of nitrogen accounting equation it is as follows：
Formula 1
In formula 1：Nf-optRecommend amount of nitrogen for crop；Y is target output；NPE is nitrogenous fertilizer physiological use efficiency；NREoptFor
Recommend the apparent accumulative rate of recovery under the conditions of amount of nitrogen.
The method as described above for determining crop amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer, target output may be used as thing past few years average product
1.1 times estimated, or the maximum output obtained under local kind of Best Management Practices as target output.
Embodiment 1
Embodiment 1 provides a kind of method for determining Wheat Maize Rotation system amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer, calculates wheat respectively and recommends
Amount of nitrogen and corn recommend amount of nitrogen；
Analysis is monitored to the data of " national fertility with fertilizer efficiency monitoring net " for a long time by us, obtain wheat-
Under Corn Rotation System system：NPEWheatFor 37.0kg seeds/kg N, NPECornFor 48.0kg seeds/kg N；NREWheat MaizeFor 0.80.
Wheat Maize Rotation system amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer=wheat yield/29.6+ corn yield/38.4.
If target output wheat 6000kg/ha, corn 7000kg/ha, then it is 203kg N/ to recommend amount of nitrogen wheat
Ha, corn 182kg N/ha.
Embodiment 2
Embodiment 2 provides a kind of method for determining wheat-rice Rotation System amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer, calculates wheat respectively and recommends
Amount of nitrogen and rice recommend amount of nitrogen；
Analysis is monitored to the data of " national fertility with fertilizer efficiency monitoring net " for a long time by us, obtain wheat-
Under rice Rotation System：NPEWheatFor 31.5kg seeds/kg N, NPERiceFor 44.0kg seeds/kg N；NREWheat-riceFor 0.80.
Wheat-rice Rotation System amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer=wheat yield/25.2+ corn yield/35.2.
If target output rice 6000kg/ha, wheat 4000kg/ha, then it is 170kg N/ to recommend amount of nitrogen rice
Ha, wheat 159kg N/ha.
Embodiment 3
In order to verify the recommendation amount of nitrogen under the Wheat Maize Rotation system that acquisition is calculated in embodiment 1 whether close by science
Reason, itself and optimal amount of nitrogen reported in the literature are compared（See Fig. 1 and Fig. 2）.As a result the calculating side of the present invention is shown
The recommendation amount of nitrogen that method is obtained substantially is distributed in 1 with optimal amount of nitrogen obtained by field test:1 left and right, illustrate the present invention's
Simple and easy method is feasible.
Above example is only the exemplary embodiment of the present invention, is not used in the limitation present invention, protection scope of the present invention
It is defined by the claims.Those skilled in the art can make respectively in the essence and protection domain of the present invention to the present invention
Kind modification or equivalent substitution, this modification or equivalent substitution also should be regarded as being within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
- A kind of 1. method for determining crop amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer, it is characterised in that the amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer is calculated by formula 1：In formula 1：Nf-optRecommend amount of nitrogen for crop；Y is target output；NPE is nitrogenous fertilizer physiological use efficiency；NREoptTo recommend The apparent accumulative rate of recovery under the conditions of amount of nitrogen；Wherein, described nitrogenous fertilizer physiological use efficiency refers to the increase for the grain yield that crop overground part is obtained per absorbance units nitrogen Amount；The computational methods of the described apparent accumulative rate of recovery are total inputs of the total absorption of nitrogen of crop aerial part divided by nitrogenous fertilizer Amount, its computational methods are：<mrow> <msub> <mi>NRE</mi> <mrow> <mi>o</mi> <mi>p</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <munderover> <mo>&Sigma;</mo> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </munderover> <msub> <mi>N</mi> <mrow> <mi>p</mi> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <munderover> <mo>&Sigma;</mo> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </munderover> <msub> <mi>N</mi> <msub> <mi>f</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> </msub> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow>I is Cultivation time in above formula, NpiFor 1 year absorption of nitrogen, NfiFor total input amount of 1 year nitrogenous fertilizer.
- 2. the method according to claim 1 for determining crop amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer, it is characterised in that target output may be used as 1.1 times of thing past few years average product are estimated, or the maximum output obtained under local kind of Best Management Practices as Target output.
- 3. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that for determining Wheat Maize Rotation system amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer, Calculating wheat respectively recommends amount of nitrogen and corn to recommend amount of nitrogen；In above formula：NPEWheatThe incrementss of the grain yield obtained by wheat overground part per absorbance units nitrogen；NPECornFor The incrementss for the grain yield that corn overground part is obtained per absorbance units nitrogen；NREWheat MaizeComputational methods be wheat-jade Rice Rotation System recommends the total of the total absorption of nitrogen of Wheat Maize Rotation system aerial part under the conditions of amount of nitrogen divided by nitrogenous fertilizer Input amount；Wheat Maize Rotation system amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer=wheat recommends amount of nitrogen+corn to recommend amount of nitrogen.
- 4. according to the method for claim 3, it is characterised in thatWheat Maize Rotation system amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer=wheat yield/29.6+ corn yield/38.4.
- 5. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that for determining wheat-rice Rotation System amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer, Calculating wheat respectively recommends amount of nitrogen and rice to recommend amount of nitrogen；In above formula：NPEWheatThe incrementss of the grain yield obtained by wheat overground part per absorbance units nitrogen；NPERiceFor The incrementss for the grain yield that rice overground part is obtained per absorbance units nitrogen；NREWheat-riceComputational methods be wheat-water Rice Rotation System recommend amount of nitrogen under the conditions of wheat-total absorption of nitrogen of rice Rotation System aerial part divided by nitrogenous fertilizer it is total Input amount；Wheat-rice Rotation System amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer=wheat recommends amount of nitrogen+rice to recommend amount of nitrogen.
- 6. according to the method for claim 5, it is characterised in thatWheat-rice Rotation System amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer=wheat yield/25.2+ corn yield/35.2.
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| CN105279324B (en) * | 2015-10-11 | 2018-07-24 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | A kind of determination method putting into environmental threshold value based on regional scale dry crop nitrogen |
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| CN110495293A (en) * | 2019-09-26 | 2019-11-26 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | A kind of fertilizing method in Huang-Huai-Hai Wheat Maize Rotation area |
| CN111398565A (en) * | 2020-04-10 | 2020-07-10 | 中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所 | Method for monitoring soil nitrogen mineralization characteristics in field in-situ state |
| CN115049220B (en) * | 2022-05-25 | 2023-07-28 | 广东省科学院生态环境与土壤研究所 | Distributed regional nitrogen application amount estimation method, system, computer equipment and medium |
| CN115413462B (en) * | 2022-09-29 | 2024-03-22 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | Determination method for rice nitrogen fertilizer application amount |
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