NL2024998A - Gas extraction pipe applicable to upbound borehole tending to collapse - Google Patents
Gas extraction pipe applicable to upbound borehole tending to collapse Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NL2024998A NL2024998A NL2024998A NL2024998A NL2024998A NL 2024998 A NL2024998 A NL 2024998A NL 2024998 A NL2024998 A NL 2024998A NL 2024998 A NL2024998 A NL 2024998A NL 2024998 A NL2024998 A NL 2024998A
- Authority
- NL
- Netherlands
- Prior art keywords
- pipe body
- extraction
- borehole
- coal
- gas extraction
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 113
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003818 cinder Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000034994 death Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000517 death Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F7/00—Methods or devices for drawing- off gases with or without subsequent use of the gas for any purpose
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
- E21B17/02—Couplings; joints
- E21B17/04—Couplings; joints between rod or the like and bit or between rod and rod or the like
- E21B17/07—Telescoping joints for varying drill string lengths; Shock absorbers
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/20—Driving or forcing casings or pipes into boreholes, e.g. sinking; Simultaneously drilling and casing boreholes
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C27/00—Machines which completely free the mineral from the seam
- E21C27/20—Mineral freed by means not involving slitting
- E21C27/22—Mineral freed by means not involving slitting by rotary drills with breaking-down means, e.g. wedge-shaped drills, i.e. the rotary axis of the tool carrier being substantially perpendicular to the working face, e.g. MARIETTA-type
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C35/00—Details of, or accessories for, machines for slitting or completely freeing the mineral from the seam, not provided for in groups E21C25/00 - E21C33/00, E21C37/00 or E21C39/00
- E21C35/20—General features of equipment for removal of chippings, e.g. for loading on conveyor
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
- Sewage (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention discloses a gas extraction pipe applicable to an upbound borehole tending to collapse, including a pipe body and a coal breaking device disposed at an end portion of the pipe body, the pipe body includes a main pipe body and a 5 telescopic pipe body, the telescopic pipe body is sleeved in the main pipe body, a sidewall of the main pipe body is provided with several extraction holes, a sidewall of the telescopic pipe body is provided with several auxiliary extraction holes, and the coal breaking device is disposed at an end portion of a free end of the telescopic pipe body. The gas extraction pipe of the present invention adopts a telescopic feed operation, and 10 can break medium and small collapsed coals along the way in an upbound borehole of a roadway, and can directly break large collapsed coals at the top. The broken cinders can slip off the roadway along the bottom of the upbound borehole, so that the gas extraction pipe can be filled in the entire upbound borehole. Because a main pipe and a telescopic pipe of the gas extraction pipe are both provided with extraction holes, the extraction of 15 the entire borehole gas is ensured, the extraction efficiency is high, and the continuity is strong.
Description
BACKGROUND Technical Field The present invention relates to the field of coal mine gas extraction equipment, and in particular, to a gas extraction pipe applicable to an upbound borehole tending to collapse. Related Art Coal 1s the major consumption energy in China. Currently, coal accounts for about 60% of the primary energy consumption structure in China, and the coal-oriented pattern will not change in a very long time. The geological structure of coal seams in China is relatively complex, where high gas coal seams account for about 50%-70%, and low permeability coal seams account for about 70% of the high gas coal seams. Among severe accidents of more than 10 underground deaths in China, gas accidents account for 80%. Therefore, strengthening gas treatment is a priority for coal mine safety production. The experience of gas treatment in China shows that gas extraction is the most effective technical means for reducing the gas content in coal seams and avoiding gas disasters. Borehole gas extraction is extracting gas from coal seams under the negative pressure, and transporting the gas to specified locations through pipelines, thereby reducing the gas content in the coal seams, and achieving the objective of safety production. Meanwhile, the extracted gas may serve as clean energy for use. Based on borehole angles, gas extraction boreholes are classified into upbound boreholes, horizontal boreholes, and downbound boreholes. An upbound borehole is a common borehole. Due to the action of the coal body structure and the force around the borehole, coals around the upbound borehole often collapse, and quite a lot of small or medium collapsed coals are stacked on a lower wall surface of the upbound borehole, which will impede the delivery of the gas extraction pipe, making it impossible for the gas extraction pipe to quickly reach an expected location, which affects the entire gas extraction work. Large collapsed coals are mostly blocked in the upbound borehole and are not easily removed, which not only brings inconvenience to the delivery of the gas extraction pipe, but also makes it difficult to effectively extract gas in the rear section of the upbound borehole behind the large coals, which further reduces the gas extraction amount and extraction efficiency, causesa waste of the rear section of the borehole, and even causes gas in the coals to be accumulated in the borehole, leading to gas accidents during mining at the borehole.
SUMMARY The objective of the present invention is to provide a gas extraction pipe applicable to an upbound borehole tending to collapse, to resolve the problem in the prior art, so that the gas extraction pipe can break coals along the way in a borehole, to smoothly enter an upbound borehole to extract gas. To achieve the objective, the present invention provides the following solutions. The present invention provides a gas extraction pipe applicable to an upbound borehole tending to collapse, including a pipe body and a coal breaking device disposed on an end portion of the pipe body, the pipe body includes a main pipe body and a telescopic pipe body, the telescopic pipe body is sleeved in the main pipe body, a sidewall of the main pipe body is provided with several extraction holes, a sidewall of the telescopic pipe body is provided with several auxiliary extraction holes, and the coal breaking device is disposed at an end portion of a free end of the telescopic pipe body. Preferably, the coal breaking device includes a coal breaking power device, a coupling, and a coal breaking blade group, the coal breaking power device is connected to the coal breaking blade group through the coupling, and the coal breaking power device is disposed at the end portion of the free end of the telescopic pipe body. Preferably, the coal breaking blade group is a fan-shaped blade group, and a work radius of the coal breaking blade group is not less than a radius of the main pipe body. Preferably, the extraction holes and the auxiliary extraction holes are both arranged on the pipe body in straight line. Preferably, when the telescopic pipe body is in the main pipe body, the centers of the auxiliary extraction holes overlap the centers of the extraction holes on the outside. Preferably, diameters of the auxiliary extraction holes are less than diameters of the extraction holes. Preferably, the telescopic pipe body is a multi-stage sleeved extension pipe body. Preferably, the diameters of the auxiliary extraction holes of any stage of the telescopic pipe body are greater than the diameters the auxiliary extraction holes of a neighboring next stage of the telescopic pipe body. Preferably, the quantity of the auxiliary extraction holes of any stage of the telescopicpipe body is greater than the quantity of the auxiliary extraction holes of a neighboring next stage of the telescopic pipe body.
Compared with the prior art, the present invention achieves the following technical effects:
1. The coal breaking device is disposed at the end portion of the gas extraction pipe of the present invention and can effectively break medium and small collapsed coals in a borehole, so that the gas extraction pipe can be quickly delivered into the upbound borehole, to ensure smooth running of the gas extraction work.
2. The coal breaking device of the gas extraction pipe of the present invention is disposed at the end portion of the telescopic pipe body and can further break large coals stuck in the upbound borehole, to dredge the entire upbound borehole, which helps improve the high efficiency and production safety of gas extraction.
3. The gas extraction pipe of the present invention adopts a telescopic feed operation, the medium and small collapsed coals along the way can be broken in the upbound borehole of the roadway, and the large collapsed coals at the top can be directly broken. The broken cinders can slip off the roadway along the bottom of the upbound borehole, so that the gas extraction pipe can be filled in the entire upbound borehole. Because a main pipe and a telescopic pipe of the gas extraction pipe are both provided with extraction holes, the extraction of the entire borehole gas is ensured, the extraction efficiency is high, and the continuity is strong.
4. The quantity and diameters of the auxiliary extraction holes of the telescopic pipe body of the gas extraction pipe of the present invention are reduced stage by stage, so that while the high efficiency of the ensure gas extraction is ensured, the strength of the telescopic pipe body is ensured, and the coal breaking blade group at the front end is effectively supported to break coals.
5. The gas extraction pipe applicable to an upbound borehole tending to collapse of the present invention has a simple structure, convenient operations, low investment of human and material resources, and strong practicability.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS To describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or in the existing technology more clearly, the following briefly describes the accompanyingdrawings required for describing the embodiments. Apparently, the accompanying drawings in the following description show merely some embodiments of the present invention, and a person of ordinary skill in the art may still derive other drawings from these accompanying drawings without creative efforts. FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a gas extraction pipe in an upbound borehole according to the present invention; FIG. 2 is a schematic work diagram of a gas extraction pipe in an upbound borehole according to the present invention; and FIG. 3 is a coal breaking blade group of a gas extraction pipe according to the present invention. 1-Coal seam, 2-Roadway, 3-Upbound borehole, 4-Large collapsed coal, 5-Medium and small collapsed coal, 6-Main pipe body, 7-Extraction holes, 8-Telescopic pipe body, 9-Auxiliary extraction holes, 10-Coal breaking power device, 11-Coupling, 12-Coal breaking blade group, and 13-Broken cinders.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION The following clearly and completely describes the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments instead of all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art according to the embodiments of the present invention without creative effects shall fall within the protection scope of the present disclosure. The objective of the present invention is to provide a gas extraction pipe applicable to an upbound borehole tending to collapse, to resolve the problem in the prior art, and the medium and small collapsed coals in a borehole can be effectively broken, so that the gas extraction pipe can smoothly enter the upbound borehole, to ensure smooth running of the gas extraction work. To make the foregoing objectives, features, and advantage of the present invention clearer and more understandable, the following further describes the present invention in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific implementations. Embodiment 1
As shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 3, this embodiment provides a gas extraction pipe applicable to an upbound borehole 3 tending to collapse, including a pipe body and a coal breaking device disposed at an end portion of the pipe body, the pipe body includes a main pipe body 6 and a telescopic pipe body 8, a sidewall of the main pipe body 6 1s 5 provided with several extraction holes 7, and a sidewall of the telescopic pipe body 8 is provided with several auxiliary extraction holes 9. Diameters of the auxiliary extraction holes 9 are less than diameters of the extraction holes 7, the telescopic pipe body 8 is sleeved in the main pipe body 6, the telescopic pipe body 8 is a multi-stage sleeved extension pipe body, a diameter of each stage of the telescopic pipe body 8 gradually decreases by stage, and the coal breaking device is disposed at an end portion of a free end of the telescopic pipe body 8.
The coal breaking device is disposed in a pipe body with a minimum diameter of the telescopic pipe body 8. Because the coal breaking device needs some support strength, diameters of the auxiliary extraction holes 9 of any stage of the telescopic pipe body 8 are greater than diameters of the auxiliary extraction holes 9 of a neighboring next stage of the telescopic pipe body 8, and the quantity of the auxiliary extraction holes 9 of any stage of the telescopic pipe body 8 is greater than the quantity of the auxiliary extraction holes 9 of a neighboring next stage of the telescopic pipe body 8. Such setting 1s to ensure that when the pipe body strength of the telescopic pipe body 8 gradually decreases, the quantity and diameters of the auxiliary extraction holes 9 are reduced, which further ensures the strength of the coal breaking device at the end portion.
Specifically, the coal breaking device includes a coal breaking power device 10, a coupling 11, and a coal breaking blade group 12. The coal breaking power device 10 is connected to the coal breaking blade group 12 through the coupling 11, and the coal breaking power device 10 is disposed at the end portion of the free end of the telescopic pipe body 8. As shown in FIG. 3, the coal breaking blade group 12 is a fan-shaped blade group, and a work radius of the coal breaking blade group 12 is not less than a radius of the main pipe body 6. Such design not only can better break medium and small collapsed coals 5 along the way, but also can break large collapsed coals 4 in the borehole. All types of collapsed coals can be broken and broken cinders 13 slip off along the bottom of the borehole, and these break cinders 13 are not stuck between the pipe body and the borehole. The collapsed coals in the borehole are effectively cleaned, and it is ensured that the gasextraction pipe is smoothly delivered into the borehole.
As shown in FIG. 2, the extraction holes 7 and the auxiliary extraction holes 9 of the gas extraction pipe of this embodiment are both arranged on the pipe body in straight line, and when the telescopic pipe body 8 is in the main pipe body 6, and the centers of the auxiliary extraction holes 9 overlap the centers of the extraction holes 7 at the outside, so that the gas extraction pipe can normally extract gas through the extraction holes 7 and the auxiliary extraction holes 9 without being extended. Whether the telescopic pipe body 8 is inside or outside the main pipe body 6, gas of the inner wall of the upbound borehole 3 can be extracted.
The work principle of the present invention is as follows: First, the upbound borehole 3 is operated in a roadway 2 of a coal seam 1, and after the upbound borehole 3 drills completely, the pipe body of the gas extraction pipe with the coal breaking device at the front end is delivered into the upbound borehole 3. In the delivery process, when encountering the medium and small collapsed coals 5, the coal breaking blade group 12 in the front of the pipe body of the gas extraction pipe rotatably cuts the medium and small collapsed coal 5 under the drive of the coal breaking power device 10, and the broken cinders 13 formed after the cutting fall down along a gap between the gas extraction pipe and the upbound borehole 3 under the action of gravity. Then, the pipe body of the gas extraction pipe continues to be delivered, and when encountering the medium and small collapsed coals 5 again, the gas extraction pipe repeats the cutting process. The broken cinders 13 are formed, and the gas extraction pipe implements a quick delivery phase.
After the gas extraction pipe is delivered to the specified location, the telescopic pipe body 8 at the front section is extended, to push the coal breaking blade group 12 at the top of the telescopic pipe body 8 to the deep of the upbound borehole 3. When encountering the large collapsed coals 4 stuck in the upbound borehole 3, the coal breaking blade group 12 rotatably cuts the large collapsed coals 4 under the drive of the coal breaking power device 10 until the broken cinders 13 are formed. The telescopic pipe body 8 continuously extends to the end of the upbound borehole 3, to dredge the borehole section blocked by the collapsed coals, to smooth the entire extraction tunnel. This is an implementation phase of a deep borehole dredge phase.
Finally, the gas is extracted through the extraction holes 7 and the auxiliary extractionholes 9.
The gas extraction pipe of the present invention adopts a telescopic feed operation, the medium and small collapsed coals along the way can be broken in the upbound borehole of the roadway, and the large collapsed coals at the top can be directly broken.
The broken cinders can slip off the roadway along the bottom of the upbound borehole, so that the gas extraction pipe can be filled in the entire upbound borehole. Because a main pipe and a telescopic pipe of the gas extraction pipe are both provided with extraction holes, the extraction of the entire borehole gas is ensured, the extraction efficiency is high, and the continuity is strong.
Adaptive changes made according to actual requirements all fall within the protection scope of the present invention. The sleeve connection manner of the telescopic pipe body of the present invention is merely a form to implement the telescopic function, and another manner may also be adopted. The coal breaking blade group of the present invention is not limited to a fan-shaped blade, as long as the coal breaking blade group can break the collapsed coals in the borehole.
Specific examples are applied in the present invention to describe the principles and implementations of the present invention, and the foregoing description of the embodiments is merely used for helping understand the method and the core concept of the present invention. In addition, for a person of ordinary skill in the art, changes may be made to the specific implementations and application ranges according to the concept of the present invention. In conclusion, the content of this specification shall not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.
Claims (9)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910164948.3A CN109653788B (en) | 2019-03-05 | 2019-03-05 | Gas extraction pipe suitable for easy-collapse up-hole drilling |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NL2024998A true NL2024998A (en) | 2020-09-11 |
| NL2024998B1 NL2024998B1 (en) | 2021-04-21 |
Family
ID=66123909
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NL2024998A NL2024998B1 (en) | 2019-03-05 | 2020-02-26 | Gas extraction pipe applicable to upbound borehole tending to collapse |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN109653788B (en) |
| NL (1) | NL2024998B1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111141563A (en) * | 2020-02-26 | 2020-05-12 | 安徽理工大学 | Air quality acquisition device and method for mining safety engineering |
| CN112647875A (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2021-04-13 | 山西石泉煤业有限责任公司 | Device and method for dust fall and gas collection of drill hole |
| CN114320443B (en) * | 2021-12-24 | 2022-10-28 | 安徽理工大学 | This coal seam gas drainage device |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN201826762U (en) * | 2010-08-20 | 2011-05-11 | 马新江 | Synchronous two-way gas drill rod |
| CN201851151U (en) * | 2010-11-11 | 2011-06-01 | 淮南矿业(集团)有限责任公司 | Flow guide pipe for gas drainage and gas acquisition device |
| CN102619476B (en) * | 2012-04-10 | 2014-03-26 | 中国矿业大学 | Pipe body structure of step type hole protecting pipe for gas extraction hole in soft coal bed |
| CN104453728B (en) * | 2014-11-18 | 2017-03-08 | 费鸿禄 | A kind of anti-collapse aperture apparatus |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3934649A (en) * | 1974-07-25 | 1976-01-27 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Energy Research And Development Administration | Method for removal of methane from coalbeds |
| CN102587828B (en) * | 2012-03-06 | 2013-12-04 | 中国矿业大学 | Gas extraction and drilling cooperative drilling and protecting integrated system for soft coal seams and process |
| RU2553699C2 (en) * | 2013-10-23 | 2015-06-20 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Сибирский государственный индустриальный университет" | Method of methane capture during mining of coal layers by powered mining complex |
| CN204703947U (en) * | 2015-06-29 | 2015-10-14 | 山东鼎安检测技术有限公司 | A kind of soft coal petrography in mine up drilling gas pressure observation system |
| CN205225321U (en) * | 2015-10-22 | 2016-05-11 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Scalable riser remote control gas drainage device in colliery collecting space area |
| CN105422069B (en) * | 2015-11-30 | 2017-08-25 | 中国矿业大学 | A kind of high methane projecting coal bed " brill blanking " couples release anti-reflection method |
| CN205503011U (en) * | 2016-01-11 | 2016-08-24 | 河南理工大学 | Coalbed gas takes out and adopts dowelling jig and protect and take out integrated device |
| CN209557031U (en) * | 2019-03-05 | 2019-10-29 | 安徽理工大学 | A kind of gas drainage pipe suitable for the drilling of easy slump uplink |
-
2019
- 2019-03-05 CN CN201910164948.3A patent/CN109653788B/en active Active
-
2020
- 2020-02-26 NL NL2024998A patent/NL2024998B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN201826762U (en) * | 2010-08-20 | 2011-05-11 | 马新江 | Synchronous two-way gas drill rod |
| CN201851151U (en) * | 2010-11-11 | 2011-06-01 | 淮南矿业(集团)有限责任公司 | Flow guide pipe for gas drainage and gas acquisition device |
| CN102619476B (en) * | 2012-04-10 | 2014-03-26 | 中国矿业大学 | Pipe body structure of step type hole protecting pipe for gas extraction hole in soft coal bed |
| CN104453728B (en) * | 2014-11-18 | 2017-03-08 | 费鸿禄 | A kind of anti-collapse aperture apparatus |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NL2024998B1 (en) | 2021-04-21 |
| CN109653788B (en) | 2023-08-29 |
| CN109653788A (en) | 2019-04-19 |
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| MM | Lapsed because of non-payment of the annual fee |
Effective date: 20230301 |