NL2017678B1 - Noise absorbing wall or ceiling element and method of forming a noise-absoring wall or ceiling - Google Patents

Noise absorbing wall or ceiling element and method of forming a noise-absoring wall or ceiling Download PDF

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Publication number
NL2017678B1
NL2017678B1 NL2017678A NL2017678A NL2017678B1 NL 2017678 B1 NL2017678 B1 NL 2017678B1 NL 2017678 A NL2017678 A NL 2017678A NL 2017678 A NL2017678 A NL 2017678A NL 2017678 B1 NL2017678 B1 NL 2017678B1
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Netherlands
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layer
natural organic
organic fibers
plaster
wall element
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NL2017678A
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Dutch (nl)
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Bond Kevin
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Kbb B V
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/82—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to sound only
    • E04B1/84—Sound-absorbing elements
    • E04B1/86—Sound-absorbing elements slab-shaped
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B13/00—Layered products comprising a a layer of water-setting substance, e.g. concrete, plaster, asbestos cement, or like builders' material
    • B32B13/14—Layered products comprising a a layer of water-setting substance, e.g. concrete, plaster, asbestos cement, or like builders' material next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/022—Non-woven fabric
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B9/00—Ceilings; Construction of ceilings, e.g. false ceilings; Ceiling construction with regard to insulation
    • E04B9/001—Ceilings; Construction of ceilings, e.g. false ceilings; Ceiling construction with regard to insulation characterised by provisions for heat or sound insulation
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/10—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products
    • E04C2/16—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products of fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/26—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups
    • E04C2/284—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating
    • E04C2/288—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating composed of insulating material and concrete, stone or stone-like material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/06—Vegetal fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/10—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular acoustical properties
    • B32B2307/102—Insulating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2419/00—Buildings or parts thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2607/00—Walls, panels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B2001/742—Use of special materials; Materials having special structures or shape
    • E04B2001/743—Animal products, e.g. wool, feathers
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B2001/742—Use of special materials; Materials having special structures or shape
    • E04B2001/745—Vegetal products, e.g. plant stems, barks
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/82—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to sound only
    • E04B1/84—Sound-absorbing elements
    • E04B2001/8457—Solid slabs or blocks
    • E04B2001/8461—Solid slabs or blocks layered
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/24—Structural elements or technologies for improving thermal insulation
    • Y02A30/244—Structural elements or technologies for improving thermal insulation using natural or recycled building materials, e.g. straw, wool, clay or used tires

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a wall element for an interior wall or ceiling, to wall or ceiling having such a wall element and to method for assembling and using such wall elements. The wall element a sound absorbing wall element and is formed as a plate having at least two layers. A first layer comprises a non-woven layer of natural organic fibres, wherein the first layer contains at least 95% natural organic fibres. The first layer has an average thickness of at least 4 mm. The natural organic fibres are bonded in the non-woven by pressing, thermal bonding or mechanically intertwining. The resulting first layer of natural organic fibres is self-supporting. A second exterior layer comprises a plaster or stucco. The second layer is fixed to the first layer of natural organic fibres. The plaster or stucco layer can be at least 1 mm thick.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [002] Noise is defined as unwanted sound, which can be perceived as unpleasant and/or loud and may interfere with hearing. Long-term exposure to noise can create significant disturbances and health problems to both human and animals. Noise can have manifold origins, ranging from environmental (e.g. traffic) and industrial sources to domestic sources, and its reduction below an accepted level therefore presents a general issue. Various technical solutions for noise absorption exist, such as noise barriers and sound baffles. In interior spaces, noise can be reduced using suitable building materials, e.g. for walls or ceilings.
[003] Glass and stone fibres are mineral fibres, sometimes also referred to as glass wool and stone wool or mineral wool, are commonly used for thermal insulation, filtration and noise proofing. From the perspective of a building material for construction, glass and mineral fibres have many beneficial chemical and mechanical properties, namely fire resistance, chemical inertness and low weight. However, from the viewpoint of healthcare, these fibres can cause itching/pruritus, pulmonary fibrosis and/or eczema/contact dermatitis, and may contribute to the sick building syndrome. Some types of glass wool are also known to cause cancer.
[004] Animal wool can be used for the purposes of noise absorption and has a range of advantages over the commonly used materials, such as glass and mineral wool. Animal wool contains harmless and naturally occurring proteins and amino acids and is therefore inherently environmentally friendly. Keratin is an ecological, secondary resource and therefore has minimal environmental burden. The energy consumption during the production of raw animal wool is minimal, while the life span of the final product is around 100 years. Furthermore, animal wool is flame-resistant, i.e. of low flammability, is incombustible, and has thus no fire-nurturing properties. Animal wool has a better noise absorption than mineral wool. Additionally, animal wool is able to regulate humidity: At a high relative humidity, it can absorb up to 35% of water, with respect to its own weight. Once the relative humidity sinks, water is again released into the environment. Notably, animal wool has no carcinogenic properties, i.e. does not cause any DNA damage, as is for example known from glass wool. It does not contribute to the Sick building syndrome either.
[005] Natural organic fibres derived from plants or plant material can also be used for thermal insulation and noise proofing. These natural organic fibres include organic cotton, linen/flax, hemp, cork, coco, wood fiber and cellulose.
[006] The use of natural organic fibres for the purpose of noise reduction has been anticipated in the prior art. DE00004316695 describes the use of natural fibres for the design of building facades and surfaces of supporting structures. Animal wool, especially sheep's wool is used as a raw material for the permanent heat-insulating of cladding and design of surfaces of supporting structures and building facades. EPI 264943 describes a panel for construction of walls, ceilings and noise protection structures comprising plate elements consisting of wood wool or wood wool composites, and an interposed profile element glued to the plate elements. CN104514332 describes a sound-absorbing plate. The sound-absorbing plate is characterized by comprising a wood-wool sound-absorbing plate layer. NZ 241150 discloses panels made from sugar cane. [007] The above mentioned conventional and alternative materials are manufactured to form semi-finished products, typically in combination with other materials that provide mechanical strength. Such materials include extruded polystyrene, concrete, natural stone or rocks (granite, limestone, marble, travertine, sandstone, quartzite and slate), plaster, stucco and coco. Semifinished products are often shaped as plates and fabricated at a size so that they can be handled well depending on the type of construction work. Attachment to walls, ceilings, frames and scaffolds is done using e.g. rivets, bolts, screws, clout nails or glue. Such building elements find broad use, e.g. in industrial buildings, along busy roads, on public places and in private housing. [008] Closest prior art, is FR 2 841 580 Al, which discloses a panel for sound absorption. However FR 2 841 580 Al does at least not disclose a self-supporting layer of organic fibres, nor a plaster or stucco layer of at least 1 mm thickness.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION [009] The present invention describes a semi-finished product for noise-absorption to be used in construction and the finished product is formed as a panel for an interior wall or ceiling of the construction. The semi-finished product can be a wall element, such as a panel, for an interior wall or can be mounted to a ceiling. The wall element is formed as a plate having at least two layers. A first layer is formed by a non-woven layer of natural organic fibres. The first layer is the layer that is mounted to the wall or ceiling, forming the layer that is not directly visible. In embodiments the first layer is connected, mechanically or chemically or otherwise, to the ceiling or wall. The second layer is formed by plaster or stucco and forms the layer of the end product that is turned to the viewer. That is, if the stucco or plaster is not covered by a further layer, that stucco/plaster layer will be the visible layer of the finished wall or ceiling. The anticipated semifinished product will normally be fabricated in the form of a plate, but other shapes are also possible and should not limit the invention described herein.
[0010] Generally the plate has a flat shape extending in a length and width direction with a predetermined average thickness and surface area. A rectangular plate is preferred. In an embodiment, the layer of natural organic fibres has an average thickness of at least 4 mm, preferably at least 8 mm and more preferably at least 12 mm. The plate of natural organic fibres is self-supporting, which in the context of this application means that it has enough rigidity to be lifted and mounted into position maintaining its generally flat plate like shape. This allows using the semi-finished product as a panel to be mounted onto a wall or ceiling.
[0011] In an embodiment, the layer of natural organic fibres contains at least 95%, preferably at least 98% natural organic fibres. The layer of natural organic fibres serves the purpose of noise absorption. The natural organic fibres are of animal or plant origin. The raw material, harnessed from an animal or extracted from plant material, is processed to meet several requirements, such as durability and stability. Specifically, the natural organic fibres harnessed from animals primarily refer to wool obtained from lamb, sheep, goat, muskox, Angora rabbit and camelids. In a second instance, this group of fibres also includes silk. Natural organic fibres extracted from plants typically include organic cotton, linen/flax, hemp, cork, coco, wood fiber and cellulose. [0012] Most preferred is sheep’s and/or lamb’s wool. Sheep wool is a thermal / acoustic insulation material with unique performance in terms of sustainability and health. The technical characteristics of sheep go far beyond the minimum requirement insulation. Liquid regulation, heat accumulation and sound absorption actively improve the indoor environment with positive effects on well-being, health and productivity, contribute to a higher performance level of a building. In embodiments sheep wool is made from 100% high-quality animal fiber from sheep wool.
[0013] In embodiments, the layer of sheep/lamb wool contains no chemical binders, flame retardants or other additives. Sheep wool is a renewable ecological raw sheep wool which is very environmentally friendly.
[0014] Insulation with sheep's wool is more than just an energy saving measure. It is a conscious choice for a material with good properties:
insulating: the primary function of insulation in the winter is to keep the cold out and the heat inside, in order for energy costs to remain limited; the insulating effect is also important in the summer; the heat accumulating properties of sheep wool are significantly higher relative to traditional insulation; in summer, it therefore remains pleasantly cooler inside the construction and less thermal fluctuations in the construction are observed, reducing the risk of structural damage such as crack formation; moisture behavior: sheep wool will, at a high relative humidity, absorb water vapor and will at a low humidity, emit this water vapor to the surroundings; at the same time, sheep wool is waterproof, which means that it absorbs water in liquid form; despite Sheep wool absorbing water vapor in gaseous form, this process barely affects the insulation, fire safety: sheep wool insulation is a safe choice in case of fire, partly because it is selfextinguishing and produces no flaming droplets; preferably sheep wool is Euro Class E by itself, without the use of flame retardants, such as boric acid, borax or ammonium compounds; the layer of natural organic fibres will not cause toxic smoke evolution;
- Human Friendly: sheep wool contains no irritating fibers or chemical additives and may be applied without any precautions; working with sheep wool is perceived as very pleasant; sheep wool contains no additives, whereby allergies are ruled out; once applied, sheep wool actively contributes to a higher level of performance of the building, especially when it comes to the indoor environment;
Environmentally friendly: by using keratin, sheep wool, as a renewable raw material the wall element is environmentally very friendly; in addition, the energy requirement in the production is very low; the service life is more 100 years, while retaining all the beneficial properties;
Economie: although sheep wool is relatively expensive. The additional cost outweigh potential disadvantages and costs of conventional insulation materials; condensation, mold, health issues or thermal breakdown are avoided.
Air Purification: sheep wool has the unique ability to extract harmful gases and unpleasant odors from the air; sheep wool will purify the indoor air of a building.
[0015] The layer of natural organic fibres is self-supporting. It has enough rigidity to maintain its form and can e.g. stand up-right. To that end, the layer of natural organic fibres is bonded in the non-woven layer by pressing, thermal bonding or mechanically intertwining. Preferably, the mechanical intertwining comprises needlepunching or needlefelting. Further, the noise-absorbing plate can be formed from any single material or a combination of raw materials by various production steps, such as pre-treatment of the raw fibre material, mechanical linking and/or chemical cross-linking of the natural organic fibres. These production steps are intended to provide the product durability by minimising fouling, to establish cohesion between the natural organic fibres and to establish rigidity. The pre-treatment typically involves washing and scouring to remove unwanted ingredients, in the case of animal wool, grease, dead skin and residual sweat. Optionally, the natural organic fibres can also be dyed. Mechanical linking can comprise a range of techniques, such as spraying, weaving, pressing and/or gluing. Additionally, chemical cross-linking can be employed to form molecular, i.e. chemical, bonds between the natural organic fibres. Both mechanical and chemical (cross)linking establish cohesion and bonding between the natural organic fibres, yielding a firm and stable plate.
[0016] In an embodiment, the plaster or stucco layer of the wall element is fixed to the layer of natural organic fibres. A glue or a primer, e.g. a synthetic resin, can be used. The plaster or stucco forms an exterior layer which can have different finishes, such as smooth, fine-grained, medium-grained and coarse-grained. The layer is typically fabricated by spraying, even spreading of the material and subsequent polishing. Depending on the desired properties of the final product, this sequence of steps - spraying, spreading and polishing - is carried out once, twice or three times.
[0017] The thickness of the several plates forming the wall element has been optimised with respect to cost and noise absorption efficiency. In the embodiment the non-woven or pressed plate comprising the layer natural organic fibres has an average thickness between 4 and 55 mm. In an embodiment, the plate of natural organic fibres has an average thickness between 5 and 25 mm and more preferably between 6 and 15 mm. The plaster or stucco layer preferably has an average thickness of at least 1 mm, more preferably at least 1,2 mm. The plaster or stucco layer can have a thickness of 2-10 mm. In embodiments, the plaster or stucco layer is at least 2, preferably at least 3 mm thick, and/or the plaster or stucco layer is at most 15 mm, preferably at most 12 mm, more preferably at most 10 mm thick.
[0018] In embodiments, the semi-finished element comprises a further layer, preferably a coco fibre plate, preferably sandwiched between the layer of natural organic fibres and the plaster/stucco layer. This embodiment is hereafter referred to as the “combination plate”. The coco fibre plate can have a thickness of at least 5 mm. Preferably, it is at most 15 mm thick. The coco fibre plate can be a woven plate. In embodiments, the coco fibre plate comprises at least 90% natural fibres.
[0019] In embodiments, the stucco or plaster comprises cellulose. Such stucco or plaster increases the sustainability of the combination plate. In embodiments, the cellulose comprising stucco or plaster is sprayed onto the non-woven plate of natural organic fibres.
[0020] In embodiments, the wall or ceiling elements are part of a ceiling system. Such panel elements are connected to a frame of the ceiling. Such a panel system is easily mounted at low costs. In some of those embodiments, the stucco or plaster layer comprises a sound absorbing fleece that is glued to the layer of natural organic fibres. Preferably the fleece is a mineral fleece layer. Preferably the mineral fleece has a acoustic open finishing.
[0021] In embodiments the wall element comprises a plate that has a generally flat shape extending in a length and width direction generally having a predetermined average thickness, wherein preferably the plate is at least 25 cm .
[0022] In embodiments the wall element is at least 10 mm thick and has noise reduction quantified by an aW value of at least 0.3, preferably at least 0.4 and more preferably at least 0.5 In an embodiment the wall element has an NRC value of at least 0.4, preferably at least 0.5 and more preferably 0.6. For acoustic testing measurements NEN-EN-ISO 354:2003 andNEN-ENISO 11654:1997 are available. aW and NRC values of a semi-finished wall or ceiling product can be obtained accordingly.
[0023] The invention also relates to noise-absorbing interior wall or ceiling comprising one or more wall or ceiling elements or combination plates according to any of the embodiments. Further, the invention also relates to an interior wall or ceiling comprising a construction, e.g. a wall or ceiling element, a scaffold or a frame, with one or more semi-finished products according to any of the herein disclosed embodiments mounted to that construction.
[0024] According to a further aspect a method of forming an interior wall or ceiling is provided. The method comprises providing a construction such as a wall, a ceiling, a scaffold or a frame and mounting a wall element according to any of the disclosed embodiments onto the construction.
[0025] According to yet another aspect a method of forming an interior wall or ceiling is provided. The method comprises providing a construction such as a wall, a ceiling, a scaffold or a frame. Further, a non-woven plate is provided comprising a layer of natural organic fibres to the construction. The non-woven plate is connected to the construction. The non-woven plate is part of a semi-finished product for noise absorption to be used for interior walls or ceilings. The non-woven plate is self-supporting.
[0026] In further embodiments the method comprises attaching a plaster to the layer of natural organic fibres and/or attaching stucco to the layer of natural organic fibres and/or attaching a coco fibre plate to the layer of natural organic fibres, wherein preferably a plaster or stucco is attached to the coco fibre plate. In some embodiments the plaster or stucco is sprayed onto the layer of natural organic fibres. In some embodiments the stucco or plaster comprises cellulose. The spraying can be done after mounting the layer of natural organic fibres to the construction. The spraying is part of finishing the interior wall or ceiling.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Figure 1 shows schematically an embodiment of a finished ceiling comprising semifinished ceiling elements;
Figure 2 shows an interior semi-finished wall element according to an embodiment;
Figure 3 shows a finished system ceiling according to an embodiment;
Figure 4 shows a system ceiling according to an embodiment; and
Figure 5 shows an embodiment of a method of forming a ceiling according to an embodiment.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS [0027] Figure 1 shows a construction in the form of a ceiling 10. Ceiling 10 is an example of a construction to which an interior wall element or interior ceiling element 18 can be mounted. In the shown embodiment, the ceiling 10 comprises an L-shaped aluminum profile 11 mounted to the ceiling. The basis of the L-shaped profile is glued 13 to an interior side of the ceiling 10. The interior side of the ceiling 10 according to this embodiment is formed with mounting means 12, here glue. Also mechanical mounting means can be used.
[0028] A ceiling element 18 is fixed to the ceiling. The ceiling element 18 comprises several layers. Ceiling element 18 can be a semi-finished comprising at least a natural organic layer 15 and a stucco or plaster layer 17. The stucco or plaster layer is facing towards the interior side of the room that has ceiling 10. The natural organic layer 15 faces towards the ceiling 10 [0029] Ceiling element 18 in Figure 1 has several layers, comprising a layer of natural organic fibres 15, a layer of coco 16 and two layers of exterior finish stucco or plaster layer 17. The coco layer 16 forms in this embodiment the outside layer of the semi-finished element 18 that faces the ceiling 10.
[0030] The natural organic fibres layer 15 comprises sheep or lambs wool. The layer is nonwoven using needlepunching. In other embodiments, the layer is thermo-bonded. The layer is self-supporting, that is, the layer has sufficient rigidity to maintain its general plate shape. The layer 15 is at least 3mm, preferably at 4mm and more preferably at least 5mm thick. The soundabsorbing qualities of the natural organic layer will increase with thickness. Also other qualities can increase with thickness.
[0031] The coco layer 16 is attached using a suitable connection to the exposed side of the ceiling 10. Frame 11 can be used for further support.
[0032] In some embodiments the frame 11 is connected to the natural organic fibres layer 15 before mounting the frame 11 and ceiling element 18 to the ceiling 10.
[0033] The coco layer 16 can be connected using a suitable adhesive to the natural organic fibres layer 15. Further, a primer can be used to allow connecting of the coco to the natural organic fibres layer. Preferably the coco layer 16 is connected to the natural organic fibres layer before mounting the ceiling element 18 to the ceiling 10.
[0034] The finishing layer 17 can be sprayed onto the natural organic fibres layer 15. A suitable finishing technique can be used. The stucco or plaster layer 17 can be a double-layer as illustrated. The stucco or plaster layer 17 acts as an acoustic finishing layer, because the stucco or plaster has an open structure, such as an open cell structure, e.g. embodied by using cellulose as material of the stucco or plaster.
[0035] In figure 2 a semi-finished product 20 is shown. A layer of natural organic fibres is mechanically intertwined to form a self-supporting plate 21. Preferably, no chemical adhesives are used to form the natural organic fibres layer 21. A stucco or plaster layer is formed on at least one side, here two sides 22,24 of the natural organic fibres layer 21. The stucco or plaster layer
22,24 is at least 1 mm thick.
[0036] Acoustic measurements at different frequencies were performed with a 10 mm 100% sheep wool mechanically bonded non-woven layer:
Hz 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000
as 0,62 0,93 0,89 0,92 0,95 0,92
<xsm 0,872 [0037] In embodiments, the specific weight of a 10 mm 100% sheep wool non-woven (needlepunched) layer is between 1100 - 1400 gr/m2. The specific volumetric weight is preferably between 105 - 145 Kg/m3. The PH-value at 20° is between 6,6 - 7,4.
[0038] In an embodiment, the natural organic fibres have a flash point around 560 - 620 °C. The layer of natural organic fibres is thermally stable under 160°C. Thermal decomposition of the natural organic fibres layer occurs at temperatures over 240 °C.
[0039] Figure 3 shows a finished ceiling formed by ceiling elements. The formed ceiling is a system ceiling 30. Several ceiling elements 31 are mounted to the ceiling using a suitable connection or attachment. The semi-finished product 31 is a plate comprising two layers. A first layer 36 facing upwards, towards the ceiling, of natural organic fibres and a second layer of stucco or plaster 37. The system ceiling 30 is formed on the interior side of a room having side walls 32 and a window 33 with a glass plate 34.
[0040] Figure 4 shows schematically a ceiling system 50 having a anchor 51 connected to the ceiling. An arm 52 extends from the anchor 51, having two support fingers 53. Semi-finished plates comprising a layer of natural organic fibres 60 are supported by the fingers 53. A finishing layer of stucco or plaster 61 is formed on the exterior side forming the finished surface of the formed ceiling that will be visible to visitors of the room having ceiling system 50.
[0041] Figure 5 shows an embodiment of a method of forming a noise reducing ceiling 100. In a chamber, scaffolding 106 supports workers 103,105. In a first step, worker 103 attaches wall elements 102 to the ceiling 101, The wall elements 102 comprise at least a layer of natural organic fibres that are mechanically intertwined.
[0042] A finishing exterior layer of stucco or plaster is sprayed onto the layer of natural organic fibres by worker 104. A primer or a suitable adhesive can be used. The plaster or stucco layer is preferably spread evenly and preferably polished, wherein spraying and/or spreading and/or polishing is preferably repeated once or twice.
[0043] The plaster/stucco can further be finished using a paint applied by worker 105.
[0044] The following numbered clauses set out embodiments of the invention.

Claims (24)

Clauses Clause 1. Wall element for an interior wall or ceiling, wherein the wall element is formed as a plate having at least two layers, comprising a non-woven layer of natural organic fibres, wherein the layer contains at least 95%, preferably at least 98%, natural organic fibres and the layer of natural organic fibres has an average thickness of at least 4 mm, wherein the natural organic fibres are bonded in the non-woven by pressing, thermal bonding or mechanically intertwining, preferably by needlepunching or needlefelting, the layer of natural organic fibres being self-supporting; and as an exterior layer, a plaster or stucco layer, fixed to the layer of natural organic fibres, the plaster or stucco layer preferably having at least 1 mm thickness. Clause 2. Wall element according to clause 1, wherein the stucco or plaster layer is sprayed onto the layer of natural organic fibres, wherein preferably a primer is applied to the layer of natural organic fibres before spraying the stucco or plaster layer. Clause 3. Wall element according clause 1 or 2, wherein the stucco or plaster comprises cellulose. Clause 4. Wall element according to any of the previous clauses, wherein the plaster or stucco layer is at least 2, preferably at least 3 mm thick, and/or wherein the plaster or stucco layer is at most 15 mm, preferably at most 12 mm, more preferably at most 10 mm thick; and/or wherein the plaster or stucco layer forming the exterior layer has a smooth, fine-grained, medium-grained or coarse-grained finish. Clause 5. Wall element according to any previous clauses, the wall element further comprises a coco fibre plate, preferably sandwiched between the layer of natural organic fibres and the plaster/stucco layer. Clause 6. Wall element according to clause 5, wherein the coco fibre plate has a 5 thickness of at least 5 mm, wherein the coco fibre plate is woven, wherein the coco fibre plate comprises at least 90% natural fibres. Clause 7. Wall element according to any of the previous clauses, wherein the stucco or plaster layer comprises a sound absorbing fleece glued to the layer of natural organic fibres. Clause 8. Wall element according to any of the previous clauses, wherein the layer 10 of natural organic fibres is further formed by pre-treating, mechanically linking and/or chemically cross-linking the natural organic fibres to provide durability, cohesion and rigidity between the natural organic fibres, wherein pre-treating preferably comprises washing, scouring and dyeing, wherein mechanical linking preferably comprises spraying, weaving, pressing and/or gluing or any combination thereof, and wherein chemical cross-linking comprises formingClauses Clause 1. Wall element for an interior wall or ceiling, the wall element is formed as a plate having at least two layers, including a non-woven layer of natural organic fibers, containing the layer contains at least 95%, preferably at least 98%, natural organic fibers and the layer of natural organic fibers has an average thickness of at least 4 mm, natural organic fibers are bonded in non-woven by pressing, thermal bonding or mechanically intertwining, preferably by needle punching or needlefelting , the layer of natural organic fibers being self-supporting; and as an exterior layer, a plaster or stucco layer, fixed to the layer of natural organic fibers, the plaster or stucco layer preferably having at least 1 mm thickness. Clause 2. Wall element according to clause 1, the stucco or plaster layer is sprayed onto the layer of natural organic fibers, preferably a primer is applied to the layer of natural organic fibers before spraying the stucco or plaster layer. Clause 3. Wall element according to clause 1 or 2, containing the stucco or plaster consists of cellulose. Clause 4. Wall element according to any of the previous clauses, the plaster or stucco layer is at least 2, preferably at least 3 mm thick, and / or the plaster or stucco layer is at most 15 mm, preferably at most 12 mm, more preferably at most 10 mm thick; the plaster or stucco layer forming the exterior layer has a smooth, fine-grained, medium-grained or coarse-grained finish. Clause 5. Wall element according to any previous clauses, the wall element further comprising a coco fiber plate, preferably sandwiched between the layer of natural organic fibers and the plaster / stucco layer. Clause 6. Wall element according to clause 5, where the coco fiber plate has a 5 mm thickness or at least 5 mm, where the coco fiber plate is woven, where the coco fiber plate comprises at least 90% natural fibers. Clause 7. Wall element according to any of the previous clauses, stucco or plaster layer comprising a sound absorbing fleece glued to the layer of natural organic fibers. Clause 8. Wall element according to any of the previous clauses, according to the layer 10 of natural organic fibers is further formed by pre-treating, mechanically linking and / or chemically cross-linking the natural organic fibers to provide durability, cohesion and rigidity between the natural organic fibers, pre-treating preferably comprises washing, scouring and dyeing, mechanical linking preferably comprises spraying, weaving, pressing and / or gluing or any combination, and chemical cross-linking comprises forming 1. Wandelement voor een binnenwand of plafond, waarbij het wandelement wordt gevormd als een plaat met ten minste twee lagen, omvattendeA wall element for an inner wall or ceiling, wherein the wall element is formed as a plate with at least two layers, comprising a. een niet-geweven laag van natuurlijke organische vezels, waarbij de laag ten minste 95%, bij voorkeur ten minste 98%, natuurlijke organische vezels van wol die afkomstig is van schaap of lam heeft en de laag van natuurlijke organische vezels een gemiddelde dikte heeft van ten minste 4 mm, waarbij de natuurlijke organische vezels in de niet-geweven laag gebonden zijn door middel van persing, thermische binding of mechanische weving, bij voorkeur door middel van naaldponsen of naaldvilten, waarbij de laag van natuurlijke organische vezels zelfdragend is; ena. a non-woven layer of natural organic fibers, wherein the layer has at least 95%, preferably at least 98%, natural organic fibers of wool from sheep or lamb and the layer of natural organic fibers has an average thickness has at least 4 mm, wherein the natural organic fibers are bonded in the non-woven layer by pressing, thermal bonding or mechanical weaving, preferably by means of needle punching or felting, wherein the layer of natural organic fibers is self-supporting; and b. een gips- of stuclaag als buitenlaag, bevestigd aan de laag van natuurlijke organische vezels, waarbij de gips- of stuclaag bij voorkeur een dikte heeft van minstens 1 mm.b. a plaster or stucco layer as an outer layer attached to the layer of natural organic fibers, the plaster or stucco layer preferably having a thickness of at least 1 mm. 2. Wandelement volgens conclusie 1, waarbij de natuurlijke organische vezels in de niet geweven laag gebonden zijn door middel van naaldponsen of naaldvilten.2. Wall element according to claim 1, wherein the natural organic fibers are bound in the non-woven layer by means of needle punching or needle felting. 3. Wandelement volgens conclusie 1 of 2, waarbij het wandelement verder omvat een kokosvezelplaat die bij voorkeur tussen de laag van natuurlijke organische vezels en de gips/stuclaag is ingeklemd.3. Wall element according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the wall element further comprises a coconut fiber plate which is preferably sandwiched between the layer of natural organic fibers and the plaster / plaster layer. 4. Wandelement volgens één van de voorgaande conclusies, waarbij het stucwerk of de gips een dubbele laag is.Wall element according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the stucco or plaster is a double layer. 5 stuclaag een dikte heeft van minimaal 2 mm, bij voorkeur minimaal 3 mm, en/of waarbij de gipsof stuclaag een dikte kent van maximaal 15 mm, bij voorkeur maximaal 12 mm, bij grotere voorkeur maximaal 10 mm.Stucco layer has a thickness of at least 2 mm, preferably at least 3 mm, and / or wherein the plaster or stucco layer has a thickness of at most 15 mm, preferably at most 12 mm, more preferably at most 10 mm. 5. Wandelement volgens een van voorgaande conclusies, waarbij het stucwerk of de gips is gevormd op ten minste een kant van de niet-geweven laag van natuurlijke organische vezels.Wall element as claimed in any of the foregoing claims, wherein the stucco or plaster is formed on at least one side of the non-woven layer of natural organic fibers. 5 needlepunching or needlefelting, the layer of natural organic fibres being selfsupporting; and wherein the method further comprises applying the semi-finished plate product to the construction.5 needle punching or needle felting, the layer of natural organic fibers being self-supporting; and applying the method further comprises applying the semi-finished plate product to the construction. ConclusiesConclusions 6. Wandelement volgens één van de voorgaande conclusies, waarbij de gips- of stuclaag op de laag van natuurlijke organische vezels wordt gespoten, waarbij er bij voorkeur een voorstrijkmiddel, bijvoorbeeld op basis van een kunstharsdispersie, is aangebracht op de laag van natuurlijke organische vezels alvorens de stuc- of gipslaag te spuiten.Wall element as claimed in any of the foregoing claims, wherein the plaster or plaster layer is sprayed on the layer of natural organic fibers, wherein a primer, for example on the basis of a synthetic resin dispersion, is preferably applied to the layer of natural organic fibers before spray the plaster or plaster layer. 7. Wandelement volgens één van de voorgaande conclusies, waarbij het stucwerk of de gips bestaat uit cellulose.Wall element according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the stucco or plaster consists of cellulose. 8. Wandelement volgens één van de voorgaande conclusies, waarbij de gips- of stuclaag als buitenlaag een gladde, fijnkorrelige, mediumkorrelige of grofkorrelige afwerking heeft.Wall element according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the plaster or stucco layer has a smooth, fine-grained, medium-grained or coarse-grained finish as an outer layer. 9. Wandelement volgens een van de voorgaande conclusies, waarbij de gips- ofWall element according to one of the preceding claims, in which the plaster or 10 afgewerkt.10 finished. 10. Wandelement volgens een van de voorgaande conclusies, waarbij de gips- of stuclaag die de buitenlaag vormt met een fijne korrel, gemiddelde korrel of grove korrel isWall element according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the plaster or plaster layer that forms the outer layer is with a fine grain, medium grain or coarse grain 11. Wandelement volgens een van de voorgaande conclusies, waarbij het wandelement verder een kokosvezelplaat omvat die bij voorkeur tussen de laag van natuurlijke organische vezels en de gips-/stuclaag is ingeklemd.11. Wall element according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the wall element further comprises a coconut fiber plate which is preferably sandwiched between the layer of natural organic fibers and the plaster / plaster layer. 12. Wandelement volgens conclusie 12, waarbij de kokosvezelplaat een dikte heeft 15 van ten minste 5 mm, waarbij de kokosvezelplaat geweven is, waarbij de kokosvezelplaat ten minste 90% natuurlijke vezels omvat.12. Wall element according to claim 12, wherein the coconut fiber plate has a thickness of at least 5 mm, wherein the coconut fiber plate is woven, wherein the coconut fiber plate comprises at least 90% natural fibers. 13. Wandelement volgens een van de voorgaande conclusies, waarbij de stuc- of gipslaag een geluidsabsorberend fleece omvat dat aan de laag van natuurlijke organische vezels is verlijmd.Wall element as claimed in any of the foregoing claims, wherein the stucco or plaster layer comprises a sound-absorbing fleece that is glued to the layer of natural organic fibers. 2020 14. Wandelement volgens een van de voorgaande conclusies, waarbij de laag van natuurlijke organische vezels verder wordt gevormd door middel van voorbewerking, een mechanische verbinding en/of een chemische verknoping om duurzaamheid, cohesie en rigiditeit tussen de natuurlijke organische vezels te bewerkstelligen.A wall element according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the layer of natural organic fibers is further formed by means of pre-processing, a mechanical connection and / or a chemical crosslinking to achieve durability, cohesion and rigidity between the natural organic fibers. 15. Wandelement volgens conclusie 14, waarbij de voorbewerking spuiten, weven,The wall element according to claim 14, wherein the pre-treatment is spraying, weaving, 25 persen en/of lijmen of een combinatie daarvan omvat, en waarbij de chemische verknoping de formatie van moleculaire bindingen tussen de natuurlijke organische vezels omvat.Comprises pressing and / or gluing or a combination thereof, and wherein the chemical cross-linking comprises the formation of molecular bonds between the natural organic fibers. 15 molecular bonds between the natural organic fibres.15 molecular bonds between the natural organic fibers. Clause 9. Wall element according to any of the previous clauses, wherein the natural organic fibres comprise wool harnessed from sheep or lamb, preferably at least 95% from sheep or lamb.Clause 9. Wall element according to any of the previous clauses, the natural organic fibers include wool harnessed from sheep or lamb, preferably at least 95% from sheep or lamb. Clause 10. Wall element according to any of the previous clauses, wherein the plate 20 has a generally flat shape extending in a length and width direction generally having a predetermined average thickness, wherein preferably the plate is at least 25 cm .Clause 10. Wall element according to any of the previous clauses, requiring the plate 20 has a generally flat shape extending in a length and width direction generally having a predetermined average thickness, preferably the plate is at least 25 cm. Clause 11. Wall element according to any previous clauses, wherein the noise reduction over the semi-finished product is quantified by an aW value of at least 0.3 and an NRC value of at least 0.4.Clause 11. Wall element according to any previous clauses, the noise reduction on the semi-finished product is quantified by an aW value of at least 0.3 and an NRC value of at least 0.4. 25 Clause 12. Wall element according to any previous clauses, the natural organic fibres comprise wool harnessed from animals including but not limited to goat, muskox, Angora rabbit and camelids, organic cotton, linen, silk or hemp.25 Clause 12. Wall element according to any previous clauses, the natural organic fibers include wool harnessed from animals including but not limited to goat, muskox, Angora rabbit and camelids, organic cotton, linen, silk or hemp. Clause 13. Noise-absorbing interior wall or ceiling comprising a wall element according to any of the previous clauses.Clause 13. Noise-absorbing interior wall or ceiling including a wall element according to any of the previous clauses. Clause 14. Interior wall or ceiling according to clause 13, comprising a construction, e.g. a wall or ceiling element, a scaffold or a frame, with the semi-finished product mounted to the construction.Clause 14. Interior wall or ceiling according to clause 13, including a construction, e.g. a wall or ceiling element, a scaffold or a frame, with the semi-finished product mounted to the construction. Clause 15. Method of forming an interior wall or ceiling, comprising providing a construction such as a wall, a ceiling, a scaffold or a frame and mounting a wall element according to any of the clauses 1-12 onto the construction.Clause 15. Method of forming an interior wall or ceiling, including a construction such as a wall, a ceiling, a frame and mounting a wall element according to any of the clauses 1-12 onto the construction. Clause 16. Method of forming an interior wall or ceiling comprising providing a construction such as a wall, a ceiling, a scaffold or a frame and mounting a non-woven plate comprising a layer of natural organic fibres to the construction, wherein the layer contains at least 95%, preferably at least 98%, natural organic fibres and the layer of natural organic fibres has an average thickness of at least 4 mm, wherein the natural organic fibres are bonded in the non-woven by pressing, thermal bonding or mechanically intertwining, preferably by needlepunching or needlefelting, the layer of natural organic fibres being self-supporting; and wherein the method further comprises applying a plaster or stucco layer as an exterior layer fixed to the layer of natural organic fibres, the plaster or stucco layer preferably having at least 1 mm thickness.Clause 16. Method of forming an interior wall or ceiling including a construction such as a wall, a ceiling, a frame and mounting a non-woven plate including a layer of natural organic fibers to the construction, containing the layer at least 95%, preferably at least 98%, natural organic fibers and the layer of natural organic fibers has an average thickness of at least 4 mm, the natural organic fibers are bonded in the non-woven by pressing, thermal bonding or mechanically intertwining, preferably by needle punching or needlefelting, the layer of natural organic fibers being self-supporting; and applying the method further comprises applying a plaster or stucco layer as an exterior layer fixed to the layer of natural organic fibers, the plaster or stucco layer preferably having at least 1 mm thickness. Clause 17. Method according to clause 16, wherein the method further comprises attaching a plaster to the layer of natural organic fibres and/or attaching stucco to the layer of natural organic fibres and/or attaching a coco fibre plate to the layer of natural organic fibres, wherein preferably a plaster or stucco is attached to the coco fibre plate.Clause 17. Method according to clause 16, the method further comprises attaching a plaster to the layer of natural organic fibers and / or attaching stucco to the layer of natural organic fibers and / or attaching a coco fiber plate to the layer of natural organic fiber, preferably a plaster or stucco is attached to the coco fiber plate. Clause 18. Method according to any of the clauses 15 - 17, wherein the method further comprises spraying a plaster to the layer of natural organic fibres and/or spraying stucco to the layer of natural organic fibres, wherein the stucco or plaster preferably comprises cellulose.Clause 18. Method according to any of the clauses 15 - 17, according to the method further comprises spraying a plaster to the layer of natural organic fibers and / or spraying stucco to the layer of natural organic fibers, containing the stucco or plaster preferably comprises cellulose . Clause 19. Method of forming an interior wall or ceiling comprising: providing a construction such as a wall, a ceiling, a scaffold or a frame; providing a semi-finished plate product formed by a non-woven plate comprising a layer of natural organic fibres and a plaster or stucco layer as an exterior layer fixed to the layer of natural organic fibres, the plaster or stucco layer preferably having at least 1 mm thickness; and mounting the semi-finished plate products to the construction wherein the layer of natural organic fibres contains at least 95%, preferably at least 98%, natural organic fibres and the layer of natural organic fibres has an average thickness of at least 4 mm, wherein the natural organic fibres are bonded in the nonwoven by pressing, thermal bonding or mechanically intertwining, preferably byClause 19. Method of forming an interior wall or ceiling including: providing a construction such as a wall, a ceiling, a scaffold or a frame; providing a semi-finished plate product formed by a non-woven plate containing a layer of natural organic fibers and a plaster or stucco layer as an exterior layer fixed to the layer of natural organic fibers, the plaster or stucco layer preferably having at least 1 mm thickness; and mounting the semi-finished plate products to the construction of the layer of natural organic fibers contains at least 95%, preferably at least 98%, natural organic fibers and the layer of natural organic fibers has an average thickness of at least 4 mm, in which the natural organic fibers are bonded in the nonwoven by pressing, thermal bonding or mechanically intertwining, preferably by 16. Wandelement volgens een van de voorgaande conclusies, waarbij de plaat een overwegend platte vorm heeft en zich in de lengte en breedte uitstrekt met een in het algemeen vooraf bepaalde gemiddelde dikte, waarbij de plaat liefst minstens 25 cm is.A wall element according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the plate has a predominantly flat shape and extends in length and width with a generally predetermined average thickness, the plate preferably being at least 25 cm. 17. Wandelement volgens een van de voorgaande conclusies, waarbij de geluidsabsorptie van het half afgewerkte product wordt gekwantificeerd op basis van een aWwaarde van ten minste 0,3 en een NRC-waarde van ten minste 0,4.A wall element according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the sound absorption of the semi-finished product is quantified on the basis of an aW value of at least 0.3 and an NRC value of at least 0.4. 18. Wandelement volgens een van de voorgaande conclusies, waarbij de natuurlijke organische vezels bestaan uit wol afkomstig van dieren, waaronder maar niet uitsluitend geit, muskusos, angorakonijn en kameelachtigen, biologische katoen, linnen, zijde of hennep.A wall element according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the natural organic fibers consist of wool originating from animals, including but not limited to goat, musk ox, angora rabbit and camelid species, organic cotton, linen, silk or hemp. 19. Geluidsabsorberende binnenwand of plafond omvattende uit een wandelement volgens een van de voorgaande conclusies.Sound-absorbing inner wall or ceiling comprising a wall element according to one of the preceding claims. 20. Binnenwand of plafond volgens conclusie 19, omvattende een constructie, zoals een wand- of plafondelement, een steiger of een frame, waarbij het half afgewerkte product aan de constructie is bevestigd.An inner wall or ceiling as claimed in claim 19, comprising a construction, such as a wall or ceiling element, a scaffolding or a frame, wherein the semi-finished product is attached to the construction. 21. Werkwijze voor het vormen van een binnenwand of plafond, omvattende het verschaffen van een constructie, zoals een wand, een plafond, een steiger of een frame, en het bevestigen van een wandelement volgens een van de conclusies 1-18 aan voornoemde constructie.A method of forming an inner wall or ceiling, comprising providing a structure, such as a wall, a ceiling, a scaffolding, or a frame, and attaching a wall element according to any of claims 1-18 to said structure. 22. Werkwijze volgens conclusie 21, waarbij de werkwijze verder omvat het spuiten van gips op de laag van natuurlijke organische vezels en/of het spuiten van stucwerk op de laag van natuurlijke organische vezels, waarbij de stuc- of gipslaag bij voorkeur cellulose omvat.The method of claim 21, wherein the method further comprises spraying plaster on the layer of natural organic fibers and / or spraying stucco on the layer of natural organic fibers, wherein the stucco or plaster layer preferably comprises cellulose. 23. Werkwijze voor het vormen van een binnenwand of plafond, omvattende:A method of forming an interior wall or ceiling, comprising: het verschaffen van een constructie, zoals een muur, een plafond, een steiger of een frame;providing a structure, such as a wall, a ceiling, a scaffolding, or a frame; het verschaffen van een half afgewerkt plaatproduct dat wordt gevormd door een niet-geweven plaat bestaande uit een laag van natuurlijke organische vezels bestaande uit wol dat bij voorkeur voor ten minste 95% afkomstig is van schaap of lam en een gips- of stuclaag die als buitenlaag is aangebracht op de laag van natuurlijke organische vezels, waarbij de gips- of stuclaag bij voorkeur een dikte kent van ten minste 1 mm, waarbij de laag van natuurlijke organische vezels ten minste 95%, bij voorkeur ten minste 98%, natuurlijke organische vezels omvat en de laag van natuurlijke organische vezels een gemiddelde dikte heeft van ten minste 4 mm, waarbij de natuurlijke organische vezels in de niet-geweven laag zijn gebonden door middel van persing, thermische binding of mechanische weving, waarbij de laag van natuurlijke organische vezels zelfdragend is; en waarbij de werkwijze verder het aanbrengen van het half afgewerkte plaatproduct op de constructie omvat.providing a semi-finished plate product formed by a non-woven plate consisting of a layer of natural organic fibers consisting of wool, preferably at least 95% coming from sheep or lamb and a plaster or plaster layer which is used as an outer layer is applied to the layer of natural organic fibers, the plaster or plaster layer preferably having a thickness of at least 1 mm, the layer of natural organic fibers comprising at least 95%, preferably at least 98%, natural organic fibers and the natural organic fiber layer has an average thickness of at least 4 mm, the natural organic fibers being bonded in the non-woven layer by pressing, thermal bonding or mechanical weaving, the natural organic fiber layer being self-supporting ; and wherein the method further comprises applying the semi-finished plate product to the structure. 24. Werkwijze voor het vormen van een binnenwand of plafond volgens conclusie 25, waarbij de werkwijze verder omvat het door middel van naaldponsen of naaldvilten binden van de natuurlijke organische vezels in de niet-geweven laag.The method of forming an inner wall or ceiling according to claim 25, wherein the method further comprises binding the natural organic fibers into the non-woven layer by means of needle punching or needle felting. ηη CN oCN o CMCM Figure 4 ηFigure 4 η inin
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US20150197069A1 (en) * 2014-01-16 2015-07-16 Faurecia Innenraum Systeme Gmbh Carrier for a vehicle interior trim part, a vehicle interior trim part, as well as a method for manufacturing a carrier

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