NL2012863B1 - Load-bearing structure of a hardened mixture of contaminated soil and an immobilizing agent. - Google Patents
Load-bearing structure of a hardened mixture of contaminated soil and an immobilizing agent. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NL2012863B1 NL2012863B1 NL2012863A NL2012863A NL2012863B1 NL 2012863 B1 NL2012863 B1 NL 2012863B1 NL 2012863 A NL2012863 A NL 2012863A NL 2012863 A NL2012863 A NL 2012863A NL 2012863 B1 NL2012863 B1 NL 2012863B1
- Authority
- NL
- Netherlands
- Prior art keywords
- load
- soil
- retaining wall
- bearing structure
- mass
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 230000003100 immobilizing effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 7
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 7
- 241000271566 Aves Species 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 244000062645 predators Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009415 formwork Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000272517 Anseriformes Species 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000282414 Homo sapiens Species 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010882 bottom ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B1/00—Dumping solid waste
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
- E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/30—Landfill technologies aiming to mitigate methane emissions
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
Disclosed is a load-bearing structure, comprising a mass of reusable soil substantially surrounded by a retaining wall. The retaining wall comprises a hardened mixture of contaminated soil and an immobilizing agent, and has a natural looking outer surface. The structure is useful as a sheltering place for birds for instance, and provides a solution to store contaminated soil. A method for manufacturing the load-bearing structure is also disclosed. The method comprises providing a mass of (optionally reusable) soil, providing a trench in said mass of (optionally reusable) soil, filling said trench with a mixture of contaminated soil and immobilizing agent, and hardening the mixture to obtain a load-bearing retaining wall having an outer irregular surface.
Description
LOAD-BEARING STRUCTURE OF A HARDENED MIXTURE OF CONTAMINATED SOIL AND AN IMMOBILIZING AGENT
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to a load-bearing structure of a hardened mixture of contaminated soil and an immobilizing agent. The invention also relates to a method for manufacturing such a load-bearing structure.
It is often desirable to store a mass of contaminated soil without harming the environment. Known methods involve treating such a mass of contaminated soil and store it in a container, for instance underground. Another known method cleans the mass of contaminated soil to convert it to reusable soil.
It is also desirable to provide shelter structures for animals and/or flora, in particular in industrial areas. Such structures should preferably not be easily accessible to undesirable creatures, such as human beings and/or animals that are predators to the sheltering animals and/or flora.
An aim of the invention is to provide a solution to store a mass of contaminated soil without harming the environment. A further aim is to provide a useful load-bearing structure, for instance as a shelter for birds and other animals.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The invention thereto provides a load-bearing structure comprising a mass of soil substantially surrounded by a retaining wall, comprising a hardened mixture of contaminated soil and an immobilizing agent. The mass of soil surrounded by the retaining wall may be uncontaminated soil, reusable soil and/or contaminated soil. Preferably, a mass of reusable soil is used.
Reusable soil is defined as a (contaminated) soil that has been cleaned to a degree that it may be used in the open.
The contaminated soil may be any soil that contains any contaminant to any content. Suitable contaminated soils comprise but are not limited to soil, bottom-ash and/or dredged spoils, comprising contaminants such as heavy metals, oils, and the like. Typical contaminating elements include but are not limited to copper, lead, zinc, cadmium.
The wording ‘substantial’ or ‘substantially’ in the context of the present invention means at least 80%, more preferably at least 90% and most preferably at least 95% of the indicated quantity.
In an embodiment of the invention, a load-bearing structure is provided wherein the retaining wall has a height of at least 2 m, more preferably of at least 4 m and most preferably of at least 6 m. Such an embodiment makes it possible to obtain structures such as artificial hills, embankments and/or islands. The rather large heights of these embodiments may provide an adequate shelter to particular animals, such as birds. Preferably, an outer surface of the retaining wall is also relatively steep, and an outer slope of the retaining wall makes an angle of more than 70° with the horizontal direction, more preferably of more than 80°, and most preferably of more than 85°. Steep slopes prevent the entrance of predators and other less desired animals from the outside.
The structure of the invention may be built in any surroundings. It may be built on land or in water, and may be surrounded by water to hinder access of predators that are unable to fly and/or swim. Locating the structure in a water mass has a beneficial esthetic effect also.
In yet another embodiment of the invention, a load-bearing structure is provided wherein the retaining wall has a width at its foot of at least 2 m, more preferably of at least 4 m and most preferably of at least 6 m. Increasing the width of the foot of the retaining wall improves the load-bearing properties of the wall and may, in a preferred embodiment, avoid the use of armament or rebar’s in the retaining wall structure.
The load-bearing structure may be as long as desired and any length may be achieved. Preferred lengths are in excess of 100 m, more preferably in excess of 300 m, and most preferably in excess of 500 m. A further useful embodiment comprises a load-bearing structure wherein the mass of reusable soil is substantially covered by a cover. A load-bearing structure according to another embodiment of the invention is provided with a cover comprising a hardened mixture of contaminated soil and an immobilizing agent. This embodiment may provide a relatively smooth surface without substantial vegetation. This may prevent less desired animals, such as geese, from living onto the load-bearing structure. A cover of a hardened mixture of contaminated soil and an immobilizing agent is particularly suitable to accommodate materials or objects that influence the surface roughness of the cover. The cover may for instance be provided with fields of shells that serve as a breeding place for birds like the tern.
The immobilizing agent may be selected in accordance with its use. A suitable immobilizing agent comprises cement.
The amount of immobilizing agent may also be selected within a wide range, depending on the properties of the contaminated soil. A useful embodiment of the invention provides a load-bearing structure wherein the hardened mixture comprises from 30-80% by mass of the immobilizing agent, more preferably from 35-75% by mass, and most preferably from 40-70% by mass. A suitable immobilizing agent adequately immobilizes contaminants present in the contaminated soil. Immobilization may be carried out by physical and/or chemical means. Physical immobilization essentially comprises confining or encapsulating a contaminant, whereas chemical immobilization essentially comprises chemical bonding of a contaminant to the immobilizing agent. Inorganic contaminants may be more effectively immobilized by physical means, whereas organic contaminants may be more effectively immobilized by chemical means.
The invention further relates to a method for manufacturing a load-bearing structure in accordance with the invention. The method comprises providing a mass of (optionally reusable) soil, providing a trench in said mass of (optionally reusable) soil, filling said trench with a mixture of contaminated soil and immobilizing agent, and hardening the mixture to obtain a load-bearing retaining wall having an outer irregular surface. The mass of soil is used as a formwork for the retaining wall and has the advantage that an outer irregular surface is formed. Such surface has a natural appearance.
An embodiment of the invention relates to a method wherein an outer part of the mass of soil is removed to uncover the outer surface of the load-bearing retaining wall. This embodiment not only reveals the naturally looking outer surface of the retaining wall but at the same time may provide a retaining wall having a relatively steep outer surface. The outer surface of the retaining wall is defined as the surface opposite an inner surface of the retaining wall, which inner surface contacts the mass of reusable soil, which mass forms the core of the load-bearing structure.
The inner space surrounded by the retaining wall may already be (partly) provided with reusable soil. In a useful embodiment a method is provided wherein the inner space surrounded by the retaining wall is at least partly supplied with reusable soil.
In order to increase the strength of the retaining wall, an embodiment of the method according to the invention is provided wherein the trench is filled with a number of layers of the mixture of contaminated soil and immobilizing agent, and said layers are each consolidated.
In particular when using a mass of contaminated soil to enclose with the retaining wall, a floor of a mixture of contaminated soil and immobilizing agent is applied before filling the trench and/or filling the inner space in an embodiment of the method.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The invention will now be elucidated in more detail with reference to the accompanying figures, without otherwise being limited thereto. In the figures:
Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view from above of an embodiment of a load-bearing structure according to the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a schematic front view of an embodiment of a load-bearing structure according to the invention;
Fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a load-bearing structure according to the invention; and
Fig. 4A-4C schematically illustrate a method for manufacturing the load-bearing structure in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
DETAIFED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
With reference to figure 1, a load-bearing structure 1 according to an embodiment of the invention is shown. The load-bearing structure 1 forms an embankment with a perimeter of about 670 m, and a height of about 5 m. The load-bearing structure 1 is surrounded by a water mass 17. The structure 1 is covered with a cover that comprises a plurality of shell fields 3. These serve as breeding place for birds. The structure 1 may be located close to an industrial zone 4, as shown.
As shown in the cross-section of figure 3, the load-bearing structure 1 comprises a mass of reusable soil that is provided on a natural foundation 11, which may be soil, or may comprise a foundation plate and/or foundation piles for instance. The mass of reusable soil 10 is substantially surrounded by a retaining wall 12 with a height 13 of about 5 m. The retaining wall 12 has a width 14 at its foot of about 4 m (the drawing is not to scale) and does not contain any armament, although armament may be included in other embodiments.
The retaining wall 12 is entirely made of a hardened mixture of contaminated soil and an immobilizing agent, which in the present embodiment comprises about 50 % by mass of cement. The mass of reusable soil 10 is substantially covered by a cover 15, which in the embodiment described also comprises a hardened mixture of contaminated soil and an immobilizing agent, such as cement. The hardenable mixtures used in the wall 12 and the cover 15 may be the same but may also differ in composition. The retaining wall 12 at one side is built against a mass of soil 16, whereas it contacts a mass of water 17 at another side of the wall 12.
Figures 4A to 4C illustrate some steps of a method for manufacturing the load-bearing structure 1. The shown method in a first step comprises providing a mass of (optionally reusable) soil 20. The mass 20 extends over a substantial length distance and preferably forms a closed embankment. A trench 21 is then excavated in the mass of soil 20 as shown in figure 4A by the dotted line. The trench 21 preferably also extends along the entire length of the mass of soil 20. The trench 21 is then filled with a mixture 22 of contaminated soil and immobilizing agent. This is preferably carried out by applying a number of consecutive layers (22a, 22b, ...) of the mixture 22 and consolidating each of said layers (figure 4B). When the trench has been filled to the desired height 13 of the retaining wall 12, the mixture 22 is hardened to obtain a load-bearing retaining wall 12. Since the mass of soil 20 is used as a formwork for the retaining wall 12, an outer irregular surface 12a is formed. Such a surface 12a has a natural appearance, as is also apparent from figure 2.
After having hardened the mixture 22 at least partially, an outer part 20a of the mass of soil 20 is removed to uncover the outer surface 12a of the load-bearing retaining wall 12. In another step, the inner space 22 surrounded by the retaining wall 12 is at least partly supplied with reusable soil 10. A structure 1 is particularly useful as a sheltering place for birds for instance, and provides a solution to store contaminated soil.
Claims (11)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NL2012863A NL2012863B1 (en) | 2014-05-22 | 2014-05-22 | Load-bearing structure of a hardened mixture of contaminated soil and an immobilizing agent. |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NL2012863A NL2012863B1 (en) | 2014-05-22 | 2014-05-22 | Load-bearing structure of a hardened mixture of contaminated soil and an immobilizing agent. |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NL2012863A NL2012863A (en) | 2016-03-03 |
| NL2012863B1 true NL2012863B1 (en) | 2016-07-21 |
Family
ID=51453811
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NL2012863A NL2012863B1 (en) | 2014-05-22 | 2014-05-22 | Load-bearing structure of a hardened mixture of contaminated soil and an immobilizing agent. |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| NL (1) | NL2012863B1 (en) |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0985211A (en) * | 1995-09-25 | 1997-03-31 | Teruo Takei | Engineering technique for solidifying cinder harmlessly and stably using shielding partition wall |
| JP4473763B2 (en) * | 2005-03-30 | 2010-06-02 | 住友大阪セメント株式会社 | Containment method for contaminated soil |
| JP6034121B2 (en) * | 2012-10-05 | 2016-11-30 | 株式会社竹中工務店 | Construction method of underground structure |
-
2014
- 2014-05-22 NL NL2012863A patent/NL2012863B1/en active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NL2012863A (en) | 2016-03-03 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| HC | Change of name(s) of proprietor(s) |
Owner name: DEME ENVIRONMENTAL NL B.V.; NL Free format text: DETAILS ASSIGNMENT: CHANGE OF OWNER(S), CHANGE OF OWNER(S) NAME; FORMER OWNER NAME: AANNEMINGSMAATSCHAPPIJ DE VRIES & VAN DE WIEL B.V. Effective date: 20240405 |