NL2006783C2 - METHOD FOR CONSTRUCTING A BUILDING OF WALL ELEMENTS AND A BUILDING CONSTRUCTED WITH THE METHOD. - Google Patents

Description

100,040NLpd

Method for constructing a building from wall elements and a building constructed with the method

The present invention relates to a method according to the preamble of claim 1. The invention also relates to a building constructed with that method.

Such a method is known in the art. For example, NL1008128 describes a method in which prefabricated building blocks of EPS (expanded polystyrene) are placed on a foundation and glued together. Through openings are provided in the building blocks. The openings in the superimposed building blocks must be aligned with each other.

After forming a wall with these building blocks, a curable material is introduced into the openings and allowed to cure. The columns of the curable material formed therewith provide strength to the wall, resulting in a load-bearing structure.

This known technique has the disadvantage that when constructing a building the building blocks must be accurately aligned on top of each other. Furthermore, separate building blocks must be manufactured for the positions where a window opening, a door opening or the like is provided.

20 This results in high costs and a difficult construction process.

The invention now has for its object to provide an improved method of the type mentioned in the preamble.

In particular, it is an object of the invention to provide a method of the type mentioned in the preamble which is simpler, more flexible and cheaper to implement than the known methods. By the term "flexible" is meant here that it is easily possible to make adjustments to a basic design of the building, both at the design stage and during the construction phase.

It is also an object of the invention to provide a building that can be constructed more cheaply than the buildings constructed so far.

It is also an object of the invention to provide a building that can be changed in design even during or after the construction phase.

In addition, the invention has for its object to provide a method in which the logistics of the building materials to and on the construction site are simpler.

In order to obtain at least one of the aforementioned advantages, the invention according to a first embodiment 5 provides a method which comprises the features of claim 1. This method has the advantage that the support columns can be arranged in any desired position, depending on the design of the building. The columns need not be arranged on a fixed grid size, but only at those positions to provide a necessary strength. When a single-storey building is constructed, fewer or thinner supporting columns can be provided than when the building becomes several storeys high and in which case the supporting columns in the walls of the lower floor must in any case support one or more other floors. A smaller number of relatively thick support columns can also be provided instead of a larger number of relatively thinner support columns.

The building blocks can simply be placed on the foundation, without having to take into account an accurate alignment of the building blocks. The method according to the invention can therefore be carried out faster and cheaper. Also the fact that according to the invention building blocks are always used which have a simple form provides a method in which inexpensive building materials can be used.

It is particularly preferred for the wall to be provided with: - a bottom surface that faces the foundation, - main surfaces facing away from the bottom surface and from the foundation, and - a main surface adjoining the main surfaces and facing the surface. top surface located on the bottom surface, and wherein the through openings extend from the bottom surface to the top surface or to a part of one of the main surfaces located near the top surface. As a result, a method is provided which can provide strong support columns, the method nevertheless being very flexible.

It is further preferred that a longitudinal direction of the wall 35 extends in a direction parallel to the main surfaces and the bottom surface, and wherein the method also comprises the step of forming a recess extending in a longitudinal direction of the wall in the top surface wherein at least a part of the 3 openings provided opens into the recess. A beam can be formed in the recess by filling the recess with concrete, preferably with a reinforcement included. A reinforcement provided in the support columns will preferably be connected to the reinforcement in the beam. As a result, the support columns form a sturdy supporting structure that rests on the foundation and is also connected to the beam on the top of the wall. Such a construction is suitable to serve as a supporting unit for a roof construction or an upper floor. In particular when the beam extends over the entire wall, and wherein the wall extends as a continuous wall of the building, a ring beam is formed which provides great strength to the building. Even two or more, for example substantially parallel, beams or ring beams can be formed.

The ring beam can be made thicker (higher and / or wider) at a position where fewer supporting columns are arranged or where a greater load is exerted on the ring beam. The recess formed in the top surface of the wall can then be made in-depth, with a correspondingly larger amount of reinforcement, whereby the strength is increased and a greater load can be absorbed.

Because the recess for the beam, for example the ring beam, is arranged in the wall and the wall serves as a mold and remains after the concrete has hardened, the beam can be made conically, with a wider bottom side and a narrower top side. . This produces a beam with a higher deflection resistance with a smaller amount of concrete than a purely rectangular beam.

The invention furthermore relates to a method comprising the steps of: - placing a column reinforcement in the through openings, - connecting the column reinforcement with the foundation or with a reinforcement provided in the foundation, - inserting into the through openings of a curable construction material, and - allowing it to cure to form the support column. The provision of a reinforcement in the columns formed in the through openings provides an extremely strong and sturdy construction that can withstand a high pushing and pulling load.

The invention also relates to a method comprising the step of placing a reinforcement in the recess, - connecting the reinforcement in the recess to the reinforcement in the through openings, - arranging a curable in the recess construction material, and - curing the curable construction material to form a ring beam. The reinforcement in the ring beam provides a further strength to the construction of the building.

In addition, the invention relates to a method in which at least one of the through openings extends at an angle other than 90 ° in the longitudinal direction of the wall, preferably at an angle of 40 ° to 85 ° with respect to the horizontal, more preferably from 45 ° to 75 °. As a result, at least one support column is arranged obliquely in the longitudinal direction of the wall. The cross connections that are necessary when only vertical support columns are used can hereby be dispensed with.

The invention further relates to a method in which a first part of the through openings extends from the recess in the top surface to a position of the bottom surface relatively close to a first main surface and a second part of the through openings extends from the ring beam to a position 20 of the bottom surface relatively close to a second main surface. As a result, the support columns are not all placed vertically in the wall, but a first part of the columns, viewed from the ring beam, will run obliquely to a first main surface and a second part of the support columns will be inclined to a second main surface of the wall. expired. As a result, higher forces can be resisted than when all supporting columns are vertically accommodated in the wall. It is possible here that a part of the columns is positioned obliquely and another part of the columns is vertical. All columns can also be positioned at an angle. For example, it may be advantageous to provide vertical columns on either side with a door opening or a window opening.

It is also preferred that the method also includes the step of providing through-going recesses in the wall to form a window opening, a door opening, or the like. These openings are made after constructing the wall.

By providing the recesses only after constructing the wall, the advantage is obtained that the building blocks for the entire wall, and therefore the entire building, are identical. This means that 5 errors in work preparation are excluded. The process can therefore be carried out with more certainty and inexpensively.

In addition, the invention relates to a method, comprising the step of providing recesses in the wall, for example for placing pipes, fixing elements or finishing elements therein, such as pipes for electricity, water, gas and the like, and filling the recesses with a filling material after placing the pipes or fixing elements.

The filling material can be the same material as the building blocks are made of. Optionally it can be a similar or entirely different material. A condition that can be imposed on the filler material is that it can be attached to, or adhered to, the material of the building blocks. Pur-foam (a polyurethane agent) is particularly suitable for this, but not exclusively.

The recesses may have a shape suitable for placing a finishing element such as a TV screen, for example.

The recess can also have the shape of a soap holder, a handrail, etc. Near a door opening on either side of the door hinge, a recess can also be provided in which the opened door 20 can be received. The opened door will then not take up any space outside the wall.

Examples of various fastening elements that can be incorporated in the wall are fastening means for fastening stair railings, soap holders, TV screens, monitors, lamps, doors, shower fittings and so on.

In order to obtain a solid wall surface, while at the same time improving the overall structural strength of the wall, it is preferred that the method comprises a step of attaching a reinforcement mesh to the wall and applying a finishing layer over it. The finishing layer can preferably absorb compressive and tensile forces, and may, for example, but not exclusively, be a stucco layer or a spray layer. The reinforcement mesh will preferably be provided after receiving the pipes in the wall and filling the formed recesses. The reinforcement mesh on either side of the wall can for instance be interconnected with tension anchors. By applying tension to the tension anchors, the wall is fixed against the columns, whereby the stiffness of the wall increases considerably.

6

To finish a building ready for use, the method comprises the step of providing a roof, and connecting structural parts of the roof to structural parts provided in the ring girder. The roof can for instance comprise supporting beams which are fixed to the ring beam by means of construction parts. The structural parts may consist of a trimmer anchor or the like. The roof, or the roof beams, can be supported on the ring beam as well as hung on the ring beam.

A particularly advantageous embodiment is obtained when the roof is covered with photovoltaic panels. This provides the advantage that the building can become self-sufficient, in particular also because the EPS is a very good thermal insulator. The heating costs in the winter will then be very low, while the building excludes heat well in the summer. Moreover, EPS is a very inexpensive material which, with the method according to the invention, is suitable for use in components that are used as load-bearing components in traditional construction. EPS is generally available in a flame-retardant form.

For example, the roof can be covered with insulating plates, for example made of EPS or another insulating material, such as polyurethane, glass wool, rock wool or the like. For example, the roof beams can be covered with a roof boarding and EPS plates (or the other aforementioned material) can be fitted between the roof beams. Pipes, for example for electricity, can be led through the EPS plates, after which finishing panels, such as gypsum boards, can lock up the beams and the EPS plates.

In order to be able to construct a building suitable for use with the method according to the invention, the method preferably also comprises the step of installing a floor in the building, formed by the steps of: - between walls of the building placing insulating bottom elements, - arranging recesses extending between two walls in the bottom elements, - placing a reinforcement in the recesses, - connecting the reinforcement in the recesses with the foundation or with the reinforcement in the foundation, - filling the recesses with a curable construction material, and - allowing the curable construction material to cure. The recesses in the bottom elements then form reinforced and load-bearing floor beams. Similarly, a 7-reinforced concrete type can be used which contains fibers and which replaces the combination of concrete and pre-applied reinforcement. The invention then relates to a method comprising arranging a floor in the building formed by the steps of: - placing insulating messenger elements between walls of the building, - arranging in the bottom elements between two walls extending recesses, - filling the recesses with a reinforced concrete type and bringing the concrete into contact with the foundation or with reinforcement in the foundation, and - allowing the concrete to harden.

In particular, it is preferred that the building blocks, and preferably also the bottom elements, be made of expanded polystyrene. A wall with a high thermal insulating value can hereby be obtained, wherein openings can easily be provided to form the support columns. Other thermally insulating material can also be suitably used, insofar as it can easily be machined to provide an opening for forming a supporting column, such as, for example, polyurethane or the like.

Finally, the invention relates to a building constructed with a method according to any one of the preceding claims. Such a building provides the advantage that the construction costs are very low. Because the weight of the building is very low, the method can even be applied to water homes, i.e. floating homes. The foundation can then be formed by an EPS layer, optionally provided with a ring beam.

The invention has the great advantage that no foreign substances and materials have to be used, so that no inspections for new materials are necessary.

The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to a drawing. The drawing here shows in: Fig. 1 a wall made according to the present invention, Fig. 2 a schematic representation of a building constructed according to the present invention, and Fig. 3 a schematic representation of a wall according to the invention shows.

In the figures, the same parts are indicated by the same reference numerals. However, the parts necessary for a practical implementation of the invention are not all shown, due to the simplicity of the representation.

FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a part of a wall 1 which in the shown embodiment is built up from separate building blocks 2, 2 '. The wall 1 is not completely finished, but is shown in a partially finished condition in the figure. The building blocks 2 here have a size of approximately 50x100x200 cm (thickness D x height H x length L). Of course, other sizes are possible without any limitation, provided that they are suitable for use in the manufacture of a building. The thickness D of the wall is 50 cm due to the stacking shown in Figure 1. The building block 2 'as shown in Fig. 1 is cut halfway through its length, whereby a half-brick relationship is obtained here in the stack. The building blocks 15 are glued together to provide a sufficient strength. A bottom row of building blocks 2 is placed on a foundation 3 and preferably attached to it, for example by gluing, such as with PUR foam.

The wall 1 has a bottom surface that is placed on the foundation 3. Furthermore, the wall 1 has two opposite main surfaces 9, 10 (only surface 9 is visible in Fig. 1), and a top surface 11. After a wall 1 has been completely built up, a slot 6 is provided in the top surface 11. In the embodiment shown, the slot 6 is provided over the entire length of the wall 1. In the slot, openings 4, 4 ', 4 "are formed in the wall 1. The openings 4, 4', 4" can be formed, as shown in Fig. 1, from the slot 6 to the foundation 3. A reinforcement can then be provided in the openings 4, 4 ', 4 ", after which concrete is poured into the opening 4, 4', 4", which is then allowed to cure. Supporting columns 12, 12 ', 12 "(see Fig. 2) are hereby formed. The concrete will also fill the slot 6 provided with a reinforcement 7, so that an annular beam 8 situated in the top surface 11 of the wall is formed. The reinforcement 5 is preferably connected to the foundation 3 or, more preferably, to reinforcement in the foundation 3, which results in a very strong connection of the support columns formed in the openings 4, 4 ', 4 ". The openings 4, 4 ', 4 "can be arranged vertically, as shown as opening 4. According to a preferred embodiment, at least a part of the openings 4, 4', 4" is formed at an oblique angle in the wall, as is is shown with the openings 4 ', 4 ". The openings 4, 4', 4" all open at the top surface 11 in the slot 6, whereby the reinforcement 5 can be connected to the reinforcement 7 in the slot 6. This a high strength obtained from the supporting structure formed by the foundation 3, the support columns 12, 12 ', 12 "and the ring beam 8.

FIG. 3 shows a variant thereof, wherein the column 12 'is arranged obliquely in the longitudinal direction of the wall 1. This is to compensate for missing cross connections in the embodiment shown, which are necessary when all the support columns 12 are positioned vertically.

A mesh structure 13 is provided on the main surfaces 9, 10 of the wall 1. This mesh structure is known in the art and provides a strength on the wall 1. Preferably, the mesh structures on both surfaces 9, 10 are connected to each other by means of tension anchors. This provides a firm fixation of the mesh structures and provides a tensile stress on the wall surfaces 20, whereby it obtains a greater strength. In fact, the wall construction obtained in this way can be compared to a sandwich construction. A stucco layer can be applied as a finish over the mesh structure.

FIG. 2 gives a schematic representation of a building constructed by the method according to the invention. The building comprises walls 1. These are only partially shown. A number of support columns 12 is shown, the envelope wall 1 and the foundation 3 at the location of the support columns 12 being omitted for the purpose of clarifying the invention. In the embodiment shown in FIG. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 2, all support columns 12 are positioned vertically.

A window recess 14 is shown schematically between two support columns 12. This window recess 14 can be formed after the entire wall 1 has been built up. When constructing the wall 1, a closed wall circumference of the building is constructed, after which recesses 14 for windows and doors are provided.

In particular when the walls 1 are formed from expanded polystyrene, these operations can be easily performed.

10

Fig. 3 shows an alternative embodiment of the wall 1, wherein a part of the mesh structure 13 on the wall 1 has been omitted. The surface 15 of the building block 2 is clearly visible herein.

A further major advantage is that the method is suitable for expanding the polystyrene at the construction site, because a simple device that produces a single-form building block is sufficient to construct a building.

The invention is not limited to the embodiments described above and shown in the figures. The invention is only limited by the appended claims.

The invention also extends to any combination of individual measures described above independently of each other or in combination.

15

Claims (15)

Method for constructing a building, comprising the steps of: - providing a foundation, - providing building blocks, and - placing the building blocks on the foundation to form a wall, characterized in that the method also comprises the step of: - after placing the building blocks, arranging through openings through the building blocks, which openings extend at least up to the foundation, and - forming support columns in the through openings. 2. Method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the wall is provided with: -a bottom surface which rests against the foundation, - main surfaces facing away from the bottom and away from the foundation, and - connecting to the main surfaces and top surface opposite the bottom surface, and wherein the through openings extend from the bottom surface to the top surface or to a portion of one of the main surfaces near the top surface. 3. Method as claimed in claim 2, wherein a longitudinal direction of the wall extends in a direction parallel to the main surfaces and the bottom surface, and wherein the method also comprises the step of forming in the top surface a longitudinal direction of the wall extending recess, with at least a portion of the openings provided opening into the recess. 25 Method as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, further comprising the steps of: - placing a column reinforcement in the through openings, - connecting the column reinforcement with the foundation or with a reinforcement provided in the foundation, - the introducing a curable structural material into the through openings, and allowing it to cure to form the support column. 5. Method as claimed in claims 3 and 4, comprising the step of placing a reinforcement in the recess, - connecting the reinforcement in the recess with the reinforcement in the through openings, - arranging a reinforcement in the recess curable construction material, and - curing the curable construction material to form a ring beam. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one of the through openings extends at an angle other than 90 ° in the longitudinal direction of the wall, preferably at an angle of 40 ° to 85 ° with respect to the horizontal, more preferably from 45 ° to 75 °. 10 7. Method as claimed in any of the foregoing claims, wherein a first part of the through openings extends from the recess in the top surface to a position of the bottom surface relatively close to a first main surface and a second part of the through openings extends from the ring beam to a position of the bottom surface relatively close to a second main surface. 8. Method as claimed in any of the foregoing claims, wherein it also comprises the step of providing continuous recesses in the wall, for forming a window opening, a door opening or the like opening. 9. Method as claimed in any of the foregoing claims, comprising the step of arranging recesses in the wall, for instance for placing pipes, fixing elements or finishing elements therein, and filling the pipes after placing the pipes or fixing elements. recesses with a filling material. 10. Method as claimed in any of the foregoing claims, comprising the step of attaching a reinforcement mesh to the wall and applying a finishing layer over it. 11. Method as claimed in any of the foregoing claims, further comprising the step of providing a roof, and connecting structural parts of the roof to structural parts provided in the ring girder. 12. Method as claimed in any of the foregoing claims, comprising of arranging a floor in the building formed by the steps of: - placing insulating bottom elements between walls of the building, - arranging between two walls in the bottom elements recesses extending from walls, - placing a reinforcement in the recesses, - connecting the reinforcement in the recesses with the foundation or with the reinforcement in the foundation, - filling the recesses with a curable construction material, and - allowing it to cure of the curable construction material. 10 13. Method as claimed in any of the foregoing claims, comprising of arranging a floor in the building formed by the steps of: - placing insulating bottom elements between walls of the building, - arranging in the bottom elements extending between two walls recesses, - filling the recesses with a reinforced concrete type and bringing the concrete into contact with the foundation or with reinforcement in the foundation, and - allowing the concrete to harden. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the building blocks are made of expanded polystyrene or another thermally insulating material. 15. Building constructed with a method according to any one of the preceding claims.