NL2002276C2 - Building, has thermal unit utilized for heating or cooling space and comprising two translucent panels and boards that receive sunlight directly or indirectly, and two heat exchanger plates contacting with two thermal sources - Google Patents

Abstract

The building (1) has a thermal unit utilized for heating or cooling a space. The thermal unit comprises two translucent panels and boards that receive sunlight directly or indirectly. Two heat exchanger plates contact with two thermal sources. Roof plates (14) are made of Lexan(RTM: polycarbonate resin thermoplastic). A glass wall is set on a wooden floor.

Description

BUILDING HEATING AND COOLING

The invention relates to a building, comprising thermal means for optionally heating or cooling the room, for example one or more rooms, within the building. Such a building is known in many designs and is used worldwide.

A known building, for example a building intended for habitation, an office building, an industrial building, or a greenhouse, uses heating means that generate heat by burning fossil fuel and thereby heat the space within the building. Cooling means, for example of the type as in air conditioning installations, are also known, which are adapted to allow cooled air to be cooled to the space to be cooled, or to cool the air present therein via a heat exchanger.

With conventional systems, the efficiency of heating and cooling is very poor.

There are also more advanced systems that can, for example, convert sunlight into usable electricity and / or heat. However, such systems have the disadvantage that in the periods in which the sunlight (sometimes, depending on the local climate and weather conditions) is abundantly available, namely in the summer period, the heat demand is relatively small compared to the winter period, in which, however, the sunlight limited, if not practically absent.

Above a certain latitude, it must therefore be assumed that such systems have such a large payback time that they are not economically meaningful or that even the payback time is longer than the economic lifetime.

There are also, in addition to the known compression coolers with a COP (Coefficient of Performance) in the order of 3-5, indirect evaporative coolers, even dew point coolers, which have a substantially higher COP, for example in the order of 1000 or more. However, such systems cannot yet be practically produced on an industrial scale at this time.

It is an object of the invention to provide a building which, with a single, very simple system, comprises both the heating function and the cooling function and is thereby capable, even in temperate climates such as in the Netherlands, of being completely energy neutral in practice. 15 can work, that is to say, to be able to use all available solar energy for an entire year, namely to be able to use it in warm periods for cooling and in cold periods for heating.

It is a further object of the invention to design and construct a building in such a way that a net energy surplus remains.

In view of the above, the invention provides a building of the type mentioned in the preamble, which is characterized in that the thermal means comprise: at least one panel comprising at least two translucent plates, which panel is arranged such, that it can receive direct or indirect sunlight, which at least two plates are in heat-exchanging contact under the influence of forced flow with a source of heat or cold relative to the ambient temperature.

A planned experimental project in Twekkelo aims to build an experimental home according to the invention, which no longer requires energy to be cooled in the summer and heated in the winter, and which can even produce net energy. The property is lower in construction costs than a normal detached new-build home with the same area. The house looks like an iron farmhouse from the Iron Age, but is fully air-conditioned due to the advanced use of existing materials, only with the use of electricity from a small central heating circulation pump. No solar cells, 5 wind turbines, heat pumps, biomass combustion are required to achieve that performance, only an advanced heat exchange system and energy contact with the underlying meters of soil.

In 2002 the applicant demonstrated that it is possible to have a horticultural greenhouse produce net heat, so that natural gas is no longer needed to heat the greenhouse in the winter, by closing the greenhouse, with highly efficient thin wire heat exchangers fwx the solar heat to harvest, and to use it again in the winter to heat the greenhouse: www.kasalsenerqiebron.nl It appears that net heat remains, so that an adjacent half-surface greenhouse can also be heated with it, or a one hundred homes per hectare of greenhouse. In 2005, the 20 Ministries LNV, VROM, EZ, the Product Board for Horticulture, the province of Gelderland and Rabobank had a 0.25 hectare pilot greenhouse built by Huisman Hydro in Huissen. The greenhouse is now running to full satisfaction, see the interim report from Wageningen University and 25 Research Center via the URL mentioned.

The pilot has attracted considerable international interest, and a dozen countries have already requested such a greenhouse. Projects will be realized in 2008 in Romania, Bosnia, Saudi Arabia and France.

In the city of Groningen a district, De Hoven, has been designed, in which buildings according to the invention are planned. There are also plans to implement the Diamond Exchange in Amsterdam on the basis of the teaching according to the present invention.

In 2008, 15 hectares of Fiwihex greenhouse will rise in the Netherlands. The first greenhouse of 2 hectares has now been completed. All this has been the reason to set up a special transition platform for this 40 technology.

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A greenhouse, for example a tomato greenhouse, can be as high as 30 ° C in the summer, and very humid, so that the fwxs (fwx = fine wire heat exchanger or heat exchanger with thin wires) can cool optimally.

5 A noise level of 60 dBA may also prevail in the greenhouse, and in the winter the greenhouse only needs to be heated to 18 ° C, leaving 30-18 = 12 ° C to put the heat under the ground. and return it to the greenhouse. This is not possible with the usual heat exchangers; a heat pump must then be used that reduces energy savings from 130% [producing energy!] to a maximum of 30%.

In a home the temperature must be between 19 and 25 ° C, and the relative humidity between 50 and 70% RH, so that the technology of the "greenhouse as an energy source" cannot be applied here. Moreover, heat storage in the soil is not efficient enough for something small as a home in the usual way. The groundwater, sometimes 10 meters per year, flows too fast for that.

In housing construction, the cooling technology of the applicant is now much more possible than in the past, because it is now possible to build a house aimed at the sun, because cooling can now be made without a heat pump or cooling machine, and therefore low in costs and energy consumption. built.

According to a specific aspect according to the invention, the building according to the invention has the special feature that the source is one from the group comprising: groundwater, water obtained from the water supply network, sewage water, water from an underground river, surface water, and water originating from an aquifer, i.e. an aqueous layer of earth.

Of great importance is an embodiment in which at least one source is also a heat buffer.

A heat buffer can be regarded not only as a source that has a higher temperature than the space enclosed by the building, but also as a thermal source with a lower temperature than that prevailing in the space in the building. In that case, strictly speaking, there is no question of a heat buffer, but the heat source in this situation could in fact be described as a cold source.

Preferred is an embodiment in which the heat-exchanging contact takes place indirectly via a heat exchanger.

In order to achieve a very high efficiency, the latter embodiment can have the special feature that the heat exchanger comprises: a housing with a supply and an outlet for exchanging heat between a liquid-containing first medium, such as a liquid, such as water, or a liquid-vapor mixture, and a second medium, such as a liquid or a gas, such as air, which heat exchanger also comprises a medium supply and a medium discharge and at least one substantially flat heat exchanger mat, which mat comprises: a number of mutually parallel and mutually equidistant relationship capillaries of heat-conducting material, for example tin-plated copper; and a plurality of wires of thermally conductive material, for example tin-plated copper, which are bonded to the capillaries in thermally conductive, preferably metallic, contact, extend mutually equidistantly in a transverse direction with respect to them and have a mutual distance in the order of magnitude of the diameter of the wires; wherein under the influence of drive means, such as a pump or a fan, second medium can flow along the wires for heat exchange between said second medium and the first medium flowing through the capillaries, through the walls of the capillaries and the wires, which heat exchanger is designed such that the second medium flows along the or each mat and that at least a substantial part of the second medium flows through the mat; and wherein the second medium flows in the longitudinal direction 6 of the wires.

The building according to the invention can further be characterized in that the panel is arranged as a solar panel, so has an oblique, more or less perpendicular to the sun.

Alternatively, the building can have the special feature that the panel is arranged as a wall panel and in particular has a vertical position.

It will be clear that more than one panel can be used and that the aforementioned two embodiments can be used in combination with each other.

According to yet another aspect of the invention, the building has the special feature that at least the outer plate is transparent.

According to yet another aspect of the invention, the building has the special feature that at least one of the surfaces of at least one of the plates is provided with an infrared radiation-reflecting layer 20 and / or with a visible light or at least partially absorbent layer, for example a coating.

In a preferred embodiment the building has the special feature that the thermal means comprise three plates which are adapted to be in heat-exchanging contact with a warm source, a lukewarm source and a cold source, for example with temperatures of (22 ± 2) ° C, (17 ± 2) ° C and (10 ± 2) ° C. The stated temperatures are only indicative and serve to determine the idea. The actual values can deviate, even to a considerable extent, from the said temperatures. After all, these depend on many circumstances, for example the geographical location of the building and climatic conditions.

According to another very important aspect of the invention, the building can be designed such that the thermal means comprise pump means and valve means, and a central processor is present for determining the desired room temperature and the temperatures of the temperature based on the measured room temperature. energizing thermal sources of the pump means and valve means such that, depending on the values of said temperatures, heat is supplied to the space, or heat is extracted from the space, and / or the temperature of at least one of the thermal sources is changed.

The said change in the temperature of one or more of the thermal sources implies a heat source or a cold source, as briefly explained above.

In a practical embodiment, the building has the special feature that the pumping means comprise pumps which, in the non-energized state, are freely flowable for heat transport medium.

Such pumps are generally known per se. For example, centrifugal pumps meet this requirement. Such pumps are therefore generally customary and commercially available.

The invention will now be explained with reference to the accompanying drawings.

In the drawings: figure IA shows a top view of a housing according to the invention; Figure 1B shows a perspective view of the housing according to figure IA; figure 2 shows the vertical middle longitudinal section II - II of figure la; figure 3 shows an example of a part of a polycarbonate Lexan® channel plate, the detail III of figure 2; figure 4 shows a vertical section through a floor of a building according to the invention, the detail IV of figure 2; Figure 5 shows a vertical section through a part of the three-pipe roof construction according to the invention, the detail V of figure 2; figure 6 shows the detail VI of figure 2, namely a vertical section through three glass plates with tubes flowed through δ heat transfer medium; Figure 7 is a graphical representation of the net solar irradiation in the Netherlands as a function of the time in the year derived from the book "Solar irradiation in the Netherlands" by C.A. Velds; Figure 8 is a block diagram of a simple embodiment of the heat exchange system with three thermal sources according to the invention; and figure 9 shows a table of the operation of the system of figure 8.

The building 1 according to figures 1A, 1B and 2 has a living area of 140 m2. There are no floors. All walls are made of HR + glass, which is in contact with the substrate 3 by means of water pipes 2. The roof 14 is transparent, but has a wall which, as in particular Figure 6 shows, comprises three glass plates 4, 5, 6, which are also equipped with pipes 7, 8, 9 which can be flowed through as water heat transfer medium. These heat transfer tubes 7, 8, 9 have, as Figure 6 clearly shows, a rectangular cross-sectional shape and are directly coupled to the glass plates 4, 5, 6 for thermal contact therewith. It is important that the tubes 7 and 9 are placed within the relevant cavity and not on the outside of the respective glass plates 4 and 6. This would make the pipes vulnerable to damage and malfunctions.

The radiated solar heat can be harvested at a high temperature, without the house becoming warmer than 25 ° C. No aquifer drilling is required; twenty 30 standard vertical drains, the aforementioned water pipes 2, in the correct pattern ensure seasonal storage. This storage corresponds to the heat sources 10, 11 and 12 symbolically indicated in Figure 8. At the location of the heat source 12 there is always sufficient water 35 of 12 ° C available. The required amount is a lot

smaller than the legally permitted 10 mVuur in the Netherlands for a cow drinking or irrigation pit. With that water, the outer shell of the house is kept 1 at 10 ° C, even in severe frost, so that no more 40 fires need be used than when it is outside 10 ° C

9 would be.

The house 1 measures 15 x 11 m outside work, and is 3.9 m high. The walls 13 are entirely made of HR + glass, the roof 14 is supported at the edge by a row of pegs 15 which have been driven into the ground, which also provide the wind connection and are supported by poles 28. As a result, no foundation is needed; the glass wall 13 is not load-bearing and stands on a wooden floor 16.

The visible roof 17 is on the outside of reeds or other natural material. The "greenhouse roof" 14 is not visible because it slopes downwards from the ridge 18; the rainwater comes together in the middle and flows through a pipe (not shown) under the ground 3, for example to a ditch.

As, for example, Figure 3 shows, in this embodiment the roof 14 is designed in channel plates, which are made, for example, by extrusion, made of polycarbonate and, inter alia, the name Lexan® is marketed.

Figure 3 shows a four-layered Lexan plate 19. The top side in the drawing is the outside, the bottom side in the drawing is the inside. Groups of pipes 20 and 21, respectively, have been introduced into the channels and serve to collect solar heat, to bring the heat transport medium in question (in particular under water) into contact with the space 22 within the building 1 and / or to supply at least a part of the solar heat on a heat source, in the drawings shown, in particular the soil containing water 30 under the housing 1.

In the cross-section of Figure 2 it can be seen that the channel plate 19 which forms the light-transmitting and heat-harvesting roof slopes downwards. The house is not classified, since every resident has their own ideas about it.

The cross-section according to figure 2 shows that an important part of the house is underground: the heat storage. No aquifer is needed here; a ring of vertical drains 23 and a set of central drains 40 make it possible to stop the groundwater, and since only a few thousand m3 of soil are required for seasonal storage, a depth of a few meters is sufficient. In the middle there are some in use as "hot spring" 10, the outer ring of twenty drains 5 works as "cold spring" 23. In the summer one can harvest heat in the double roof 14 at a temperature of 30 ° C , even if the space 22 is much cooler. The groundwater is still at a temperature of, for example, 23 ° C in the winter, so that it can be used to heat the house 1, due to the special way according to the invention to flow through all ground walls from the inside and outside with groundwater, optionally via a heat exchanger system 25, 26 according to figure 8.

Here the well-known channel plate 19 is the second from above and the lower coupled to the seasonal storage, by threading black PE tube 20, 21 into the channels. This allows the bottom of the roof to stay cool, and the top to heat the water to the temperature required for storage. In the ground 3 below the housing 1 according to figure 2 there is a technical well 32. In it the pumps, valves and other control provisions according to figure 8 are included. A central processor can, if desired, be placed at a different location in the house.

The floor 16 according to figure 4 consists of planks, and provided with a system of water pipes 27 through which it is possible to cool and heat. The usual concrete construction has not been chosen, because that is thermally far too slow and too heavy for such a building 1, which in principle requires no foundation.

Figure 3 shows the three layers of water-carrying tubes 7, 8, 9 in the wall 13 of the housing 1; the outermost 7 serves to heat the outside with water that is always abundantly present, namely groundwater of 12 ° C, so that the heat flow through the wall 13 is limited to that at an outside temperature of 12 ° C. In the visible roof 17 the tubes 7, 8 and 9 are embedded in a layer 31 of insulating material, 40 for example PU.

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The tube 9 is flowed through with water of 22 ° C -> 19 ° C. As a result, all inner surfaces are at a temperature of 19 ° C, and it is known that the comfort in the house is then sufficient, because one is no longer exposed to the radiation loss to cold house walls.

The channels are concealed on the inside and outside in "glass rods" and glued to the glass plates. With HR + glass it is advantageous that the semi-transparent metal layer is not on the inside of the inside glass, but on the outside of the inside glass. This gives a much lesser appearance of the now heated interior window to the outside.

Calculation shows that this house 1 only needs 15 heating from the beginning of November to mid-February. A 30 W pump, commercially available as a central heating circulation pump, can take care of both the outside flow and the inside flow of all house walls.

The graph according to Figure 7 shows that much more heat can be harvested than heat is required to heat the housing 1. In practice, harvesting will take place with a yield of approximately 50%, and part of the soil 3 will also be lost. But even then the house 1 in terms of cooling and heating is equipped with 25 only a few tens of Watts for circulation.

The building 1 according to the invention can, for example, be a greenhouse that consists entirely of multiple glass panels of the type specified above with the associated thermal means. As described, a residential house can also be provided with multi-layered translucent wall panels and / or roof panels.

It is noted here that "translucent" means the optical property of a material or element, that electromagnetic radiation, in particular visible light, infrared radiation and / or possibly ultraviolet radiation can pass through the material or the element produced therefrom without substantial extent to be absorbed or reflected. Frosted glass, opal 40 plastics or the like therefore also qualify as "translucent" under the 12 terminology used. The most extreme example of the "translucent" qualification is "transparent", corresponding to 100% transmission.

The greenhouse as an energy source is known from various publications in the name of the present applicant. With such a technique, which is for instance known from NL-C-1031498, the greenhouse is kept completely closed, in particular known and usual greenhouse windows are not opened and the heat is harvested from the greenhouse air at approximately 30 ° C and a relative humidity on the order of 90% RH. With a thin-wire heat exchanger according to the present applicant (see also NL-C-1031498) that is very well possible, because some noise in a greenhouse is permissible. The heat is introduced into an aquifer. After half a year, a temperature of 23 ° C remains in this case, with which the greenhouse can be fired at 18 ° C in winter and at night, again using the thin-wire heat exchanger. This is not possible with a conventional heat exchanger, at least the system becomes unaffordable and therefore economically completely uninteresting.

This is not possible in a home, an office building or the like. In a home it should not be 30 ° C and no humidity should prevail at 90% RH. 25 Also in the winter there must be a temperature of approximately 21 ° C and the noise level must remain below a standard value of approximately 38 dB (A). In an experiment, homes, also stacked multi-storey homes, are currently being "packed" in a glass greenhouse that is completely closed. All those houses then have a winter garden. Cooling is carried out with the thin wire heat exchanger according to the present applicant, albeit with a glass surface three times as large as in horticultural greenhouses, because the temperature and the relative humidity must be limited, and a heat pump must be used to house in the winter, for example if the temperature is -10 ° C, nevertheless to be kept at 21 ° C, because the aquifer water does not yet reach the required 40 temperature.

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According to the invention, for example, a double or triple greenhouse wall or panel is made. This panel according to the invention can for instance have a vertical position.

The glass plates of the walls are provided with heat-exchanging tubes through which water, for example groundwater, flows by attaching glass rods with a black PE tube therein. PE has the advantage of being UV-resistant and inexpensive. It appears that one needs such a tube every 10 or 20 cm (in the case of a quadruple polycarbonate channel plate every 3 cm) to harvest the heat in the manner according to the invention.

The harvest can be increased by providing the inner plate or the middle plate on one of the surfaces with an infrared radiation reflecting coating. Such a glass type is per se generally known and customary and is known as HR + or HR ++ glass.

The harvest can be further improved by providing at least one of the two surfaces of the inner plate with a visible light-absorbing coating.

Furthermore, in the summer during the day with the 12 ° C cold groundwater, the water is first passed through the inner rods, until the water is heated to a temperature of approximately 20 ° C. The water then flows through the central pane until the heat is harvested at approximately 30 ° C. If the temperature in the home drops below a temperature of 30 20 ° C, the relatively warm water, which after a few months still has a temperature of 23 ° C, is pumped up again and it is then sent through the inner window with the rods with tubes, through which the house "sees" from inside a wall of 20 ° C. The everywhere present groundwater temperature has the value of the average annual temperature and that is considerably higher than the minimum temperature, certainly in a continental climate. If it freezes or if the outside temperature is at least below 12 ° C, then the cold source, which is a temperature of 12 ° C, can be used to keep the outer wall at the temperature of 14, for example, 10 ° C. As a result, much less heat is lost from the inner window through the outer window to the environment. Calculations show that, even with a fully detached house, more heat can be harvested than one needs to keep the house at the right temperature, even in the freezing cold.

It is important to note here that such a glass wall is certainly no more expensive than, for example, a conventional brick cavity wall.

The outer wall of the building according to the invention can therefore be kept at the groundwater temperature if it is considerably colder outside.

The building according to the invention can be cooled in the summer by flowing through the water-carrying inner wall 15 with relatively cold ground water.

Figure 8 shows a block diagram of the heat exchange system of a building according to the invention. The three heat sources 10, 11 and 12, which for example have temperatures of 22 ° C, 17 ° C and 10 ° C, respectively, are connected via two pumps P1, P2 and P3 to two heat exchangers 25, 26. With the pumps P1 and P3, valves VI and V2 are connected in series. This is not the case with the P2 pump. A further analysis of the system according to Figure 8 shows that under all circumstances, i.e. cooling in the summer, heat harvesting in the summer, heating in the winter and cold harvesting in the winter, a series with the pump P2 switched valve should be open under all circumstances. Ergo: it is not useful to include a valve there.

The heat exchangers 25, 26 are of the high efficiency type, for example of the fwx type of the present applicant.

It is noted that these heat exchangers could in principle also be dispensed with. However, they have the advantage that the primary and secondary sides are in close thermal contact with each other, but that the secondary side is only flowed through by "clean" heat transfer medium. Under 40 circumstances, this can effectively prevent malfunctions due to contamination.

Corresponding pumps P4, P5 and P6 are included on the secondary sides, as it were connected in series with the pumps P1, P2 and P3. In series 5 with the pumps P4 and P6, respective valves V3 and V4 are included. According to the diagram shown in Figure 8, the tube 9 of the inner plate 6 is flowed through a valve V5. The tube 8 of the inner plate 5 is flowed through a valve V6 and the tube 7 of the outer plate 4 is flowed through a valve V7. The figure also shows a fwx 27, which receives its heat or cold via a valve V8. Such a fwx 27 is a heat exchanger with very high efficiency of the rotating type, as described in a number of older patents of the applicant. This fwx 27 can effectively serve to heat the air in the room 22.

Attention is drawn to the fact that it is not necessary under all circumstances to heat this space. Moreover, certain surfaces present in the space 20 could also be heated or cooled, for example floors, walls and / or ceilings. Thus, the fwx 27 should only be considered as an example.

If the building 1 has only one floor and no oxygen-permeable PE is used but only metal hollow rods on the glass plates, so that no oxygen can penetrate into the groundwater, the heat exchangers 25 and 26 are not necessary. In the other case they are needed. They are needed to exclude oxygen, which in the long run makes re-injection impossible due to iron precipitation, as well as for recovering the pump energy per floor. It must be borne in mind that the groundwater is an open system, the pressure of which cannot be changed.

Three circuits 35 are added to each house wall according to the diagram in Figure 8, because the orientation towards the sun, which changes during the course of the day, is different. In addition, there is a fwx circuit 27 per floor. The part drawn above the water heat exchangers 25, 26 is therefore different per 40 floors, while the lower part 16 is only needed once.

The pumps P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, P6 and the associated valves VI, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6, V7, V8 are controlled by a central processor on the basis of the relevant temperatures. This works on the basis of the table according to figure 9.

It will be clear that this is an example.

It is generally noted that many modifications are possible within the scope of the invention.

***** 2002276

Claims (12)

A building, comprising thermal means for optionally heating or cooling the room, for example one or more rooms, within the building, characterized in that the thermal means comprise: at least one panel, which comprises at least two translucent plates which panel is arranged such that it can receive direct or indirect sunlight, which at least two plates are in heat-exchanging contact under the influence of forced flow of a heat transport medium with at least two thermal sources with a positive and a negative temperature difference with the temperature prevailing in the room. 15 2. Building as claimed in claim 1, wherein the source is one from the group comprising: groundwater, water taken from the water supply network, sewage water, water from an underground river, surface water, and from an aquifer, i.e. a water containing earth layer, originating from water. The building of claim 1, wherein at least one source is also a heat buffer. 25 4. Building as claimed in claim 1, wherein the heat-exchanging contact takes place indirectly via a heat exchanger. 5. Building as claimed in claim 4, wherein the heat exchanger comprises: 2002276 a housing with a supply and a drain for exchanging heat between a liquid-containing first medium, such as a liquid, such as water, or a liquid-vapor mixture, and a second 5 medium, such as a liquid or a gas, such as air, which heat exchanger also comprises a medium inlet and a medium outlet and at least one substantially flat heat exchanger mat, which mat comprises: a number of thermally conductive capillaries arranged in mutually parallel and mutually equidistant relationship material, for example, tinned copper; and a plurality of wires of thermally conductive material, for example, tin-plated copper, which are bonded to the capillaries in thermally conductive, preferably metallic, contact, extend mutually equidistantly in a transverse direction with respect to them and have a mutual distance in the order of magnitude of the diameter of the wires; wherein under the influence of drive means, such as a pump or a fan, second medium can flow along the wires for heat exchange between said second medium and the first medium flowing through the capillaries, through the walls of the capillaries and the wires, Which heat exchanger is designed such that the second medium flows along the or each mat and it is prevented that at least a substantial part of the second medium flows through the mat; and wherein the second medium flows in the longitudinal direction of the wires. 6. Building as claimed in any of the foregoing claims, wherein the panel is arranged as a solar panel. 35 7. Building as claimed in any of the claims 1-5, wherein the panel is arranged as a wall panel. 8. Building as claimed in any of the foregoing claims, wherein at least the outer plate is transparent. 9. Building as claimed in claim 1, wherein at least one of the surfaces of at least one of the plates is provided with an infrared radiation reflecting layer and / or with a visible light or at least partially absorbing layer, for example a coating. 10 10. Building as claimed in any of the foregoing claims, wherein the thermal means comprise three plates which are adapted to be in heat-exchanging contact with a warm source, a lukewarm source and a cold source, for example with temperatures of (22 ± 2) ° C, (17 ± 2) ° C and (10 ± 2) ° C. 11. Building as claimed in any of the foregoing claims, wherein the thermal means comprise pump means and valve means, and a central processor is present for energizing the pump means and the temperatures of the thermal sources on the basis of the measured room temperature, the desired room temperature and the temperatures of the thermal sources. the valve means that, depending on the values of said temperatures, heat is supplied to the space, or heat is extracted from the space, and / or the temperature of at least one of the thermal sources is changed. 12. Building as claimed in claim 11, wherein the pumping means comprise pumps which are freely flowable for heat transport medium in the non-energized state. 35, 2002276