NL1015520C2 - Werkwijze voor het regeneren van Pd-Katalysatoren. - Google Patents
Werkwijze voor het regeneren van Pd-Katalysatoren. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NL1015520C2 NL1015520C2 NL1015520A NL1015520A NL1015520C2 NL 1015520 C2 NL1015520 C2 NL 1015520C2 NL 1015520 A NL1015520 A NL 1015520A NL 1015520 A NL1015520 A NL 1015520A NL 1015520 C2 NL1015520 C2 NL 1015520C2
- Authority
- NL
- Netherlands
- Prior art keywords
- reaction
- catalyst
- coupling reaction
- bromine
- sub
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000007341 Heck reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000006880 cross-coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000006069 Suzuki reaction reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000002497 iodine compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium Substances [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 32
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 15
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 12
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- -1 bromine compound Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 6
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 241000612182 Rexea solandri Species 0.000 description 5
- CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C=C CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 5
- SNHMUERNLJLMHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodobenzene Chemical compound IC1=CC=CC=C1 SNHMUERNLJLMHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 4
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- SYSZENVIJHPFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N (alpha-D-mannosyl)7-beta-D-mannosyl-diacetylchitobiosyl-L-asparagine, isoform B (protein) Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(I)C=C1 SYSZENVIJHPFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YBYIRNPNPLQARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-indene Natural products C1=CC=C2CC=CC2=C1 YBYIRNPNPLQARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-decene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC=C AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BPIUIOXAFBGMNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexoxyhexane Chemical compound CCCCCCOCCCCCC BPIUIOXAFBGMNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylmethacrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl tert-butyl ether Chemical compound COC(C)(C)C BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000010 aprotic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001502 aryl halides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FJDQFPXHSGXQBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L caesium carbonate Chemical compound [Cs+].[Cs+].[O-]C([O-])=O FJDQFPXHSGXQBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 125000003917 carbamoyl group Chemical group [H]N([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 2
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- HGCIXCUEYOPUTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexene Chemical compound C1CCC=CC1 HGCIXCUEYOPUTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 2
- PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine Chemical compound II PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 2
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HXITXNWTGFUOAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylboronic acid Chemical compound OB(O)C1=CC=CC=C1 HXITXNWTGFUOAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000007420 reactivation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- CYPYTURSJDMMMP-WVCUSYJESA-N (1e,4e)-1,5-diphenylpenta-1,4-dien-3-one;palladium Chemical compound [Pd].[Pd].C=1C=CC=CC=1\C=C\C(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1.C=1C=CC=CC=1\C=C\C(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1.C=1C=CC=CC=1\C=C\C(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 CYPYTURSJDMMMP-WVCUSYJESA-N 0.000 description 1
- SKYXLDSRLNRAPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,4-trifluoro-5-methoxybenzene Chemical compound COC1=CC(F)=C(F)C=C1F SKYXLDSRLNRAPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UIMPAOAAAYDUKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methoxy-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)benzene Chemical group C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(OC)C=C1 UIMPAOAAAYDUKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RHDYQUZYHZWTCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methoxy-4-phenylbenzene Chemical compound C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 RHDYQUZYHZWTCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C=C GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KFDVPJUYSDEJTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethenylpyridine Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=NC=C1 KFDVPJUYSDEJTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004172 4-methoxyphenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(OC([H])([H])[H])=C([H])C([H])=C1* 0.000 description 1
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- GYCMBHHDWRMZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylacrylonitrile Chemical compound CC(=C)C#N GYCMBHHDWRMZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910003244 Na2PdCl4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021605 Palladium(II) bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002666 PdCl2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CC([O-])=O VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000001242 acetic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004448 alkyl carbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000006615 aromatic heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005251 aryl acyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001769 aryl amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005116 aryl carbamoyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005110 aryl thio group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004618 benzofuryl group Chemical group O1C(=CC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 description 1
- GCTPMLUUWLLESL-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCC1=CC=CC=C1 GCTPMLUUWLLESL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001246 bromo group Chemical group Br* 0.000 description 1
- 229910000024 caesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical class OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 description 1
- URYYVOIYTNXXBN-UPHRSURJSA-N cyclooctene Chemical compound C1CCC\C=C/CC1 URYYVOIYTNXXBN-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004913 cyclooctene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000058 cyclopentadienyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC1)* 0.000 description 1
- 238000010908 decantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- WMKGGPCROCCUDY-PHEQNACWSA-N dibenzylideneacetone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1\C=C\C(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 WMKGGPCROCCUDY-PHEQNACWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JBSLOWBPDRZSMB-FPLPWBNLSA-N dibutyl (z)-but-2-enedioate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)\C=C/C(=O)OCCCC JBSLOWBPDRZSMB-FPLPWBNLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZSWFCLXCOIISFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N endo-cyclopentadiene Natural products C1C=CC=C1 ZSWFCLXCOIISFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002541 furyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003454 indenyl group Chemical group C1(C=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000005956 isoquinolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002688 maleic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002902 organometallic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 150000002941 palladium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Pd]Cl PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- INIOZDBICVTGEO-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(ii) bromide Chemical compound Br[Pd]Br INIOZDBICVTGEO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium acetate Chemical compound [K+].CC([O-])=O SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003226 pyrazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003222 pyridines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000714 pyrimidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000168 pyrrolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005493 quinolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JRMUNVKIHCOMHV-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylammonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC JRMUNVKIHCOMHV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000001544 thienyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000005270 trialkylamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributylamine Chemical compound CCCCN(CCCC)CCCC IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-M triflate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K tripotassium phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910000404 tripotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019798 tripotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010626 work up procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/1616—Coordination complexes, e.g. organometallic complexes, immobilised on an inorganic support, e.g. ship-in-a-bottle type catalysts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/90—Regeneration or reactivation
- B01J23/96—Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts comprising metals, oxides or hydroxides of the noble metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/18—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony as complexing atoms, e.g. in pyridine ligands, or in resonance therewith, e.g. in isocyanide ligands C=N-R or as complexed central atoms
- B01J31/1805—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony as complexing atoms, e.g. in pyridine ligands, or in resonance therewith, e.g. in isocyanide ligands C=N-R or as complexed central atoms the ligands containing nitrogen
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/40—Regeneration or reactivation
- B01J31/4015—Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts containing metals
- B01J31/4023—Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts containing metals containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper
- B01J31/4038—Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts containing metals containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper containing noble metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J38/00—Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts, in general
- B01J38/48—Liquid treating or treating in liquid phase, e.g. dissolved or suspended
- B01J38/50—Liquid treating or treating in liquid phase, e.g. dissolved or suspended using organic liquids
- B01J38/54—Liquid treating or treating in liquid phase, e.g. dissolved or suspended using organic liquids halogen-containing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C07B37/00—Reactions without formation or introduction of functional groups containing hetero atoms, involving either the formation of a carbon-to-carbon bond between two carbon atoms not directly linked already or the disconnection of two directly linked carbon atoms
- C07B37/04—Substitution
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/02—Boron or aluminium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
- B01J21/04—Alumina
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/06—Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
- B01J21/08—Silica
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/18—Carbon
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2231/00—Catalytic reactions performed with catalysts classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2231/40—Substitution reactions at carbon centres, e.g. C-C or C-X, i.e. carbon-hetero atom, cross-coupling, C-H activation or ring-opening reactions
- B01J2231/42—Catalytic cross-coupling, i.e. connection of previously not connected C-atoms or C- and X-atoms without rearrangement
- B01J2231/4205—C-C cross-coupling, e.g. metal catalyzed or Friedel-Crafts type
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2231/00—Catalytic reactions performed with catalysts classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2231/40—Substitution reactions at carbon centres, e.g. C-C or C-X, i.e. carbon-hetero atom, cross-coupling, C-H activation or ring-opening reactions
- B01J2231/42—Catalytic cross-coupling, i.e. connection of previously not connected C-atoms or C- and X-atoms without rearrangement
- B01J2231/4205—C-C cross-coupling, e.g. metal catalyzed or Friedel-Crafts type
- B01J2231/4211—Suzuki-type, i.e. RY + R'B(OR)2, in which R, R' are optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, acyl and Y is the leaving group
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2231/00—Catalytic reactions performed with catalysts classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2231/40—Substitution reactions at carbon centres, e.g. C-C or C-X, i.e. carbon-hetero atom, cross-coupling, C-H activation or ring-opening reactions
- B01J2231/42—Catalytic cross-coupling, i.e. connection of previously not connected C-atoms or C- and X-atoms without rearrangement
- B01J2231/4205—C-C cross-coupling, e.g. metal catalyzed or Friedel-Crafts type
- B01J2231/4261—Heck-type, i.e. RY + C=C, in which R is aryl
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
- B01J23/44—Palladium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2531/00—Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2531/02—Compositional aspects of complexes used, e.g. polynuclearity
- B01J2531/0213—Complexes without C-metal linkages
- B01J2531/0222—Metal clusters, i.e. complexes comprising 3 to about 1000 metal atoms with metal-metal bonds to provide one or more all-metal (M)n rings, e.g. Rh4(CO)12
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2531/00—Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2531/80—Complexes comprising metals of Group VIII as the central metal
- B01J2531/82—Metals of the platinum group
- B01J2531/824—Palladium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/06—Halogens; Compounds thereof
- B01J27/128—Halogens; Compounds thereof with iron group metals or platinum group metals
- B01J27/13—Platinum group metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/22—Organic complexes
- B01J31/2204—Organic complexes the ligands containing oxygen or sulfur as complexing atoms
- B01J31/2208—Oxygen, e.g. acetylacetonates
- B01J31/2226—Anionic ligands, i.e. the overall ligand carries at least one formal negative charge
- B01J31/223—At least two oxygen atoms present in one at least bidentate or bridging ligand
- B01J31/2239—Bridging ligands, e.g. OAc in Cr2(OAc)4, Pt4(OAc)8 or dicarboxylate ligands
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/584—Recycling of catalysts
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
Priority Applications (9)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NL1015520A NL1015520C2 (nl) | 2000-06-26 | 2000-06-26 | Werkwijze voor het regeneren van Pd-Katalysatoren. |
EP01943971A EP1294483B1 (fr) | 2000-06-26 | 2001-06-19 | Procede de regeneration de catalyseurs pd |
ES01943971T ES2249447T3 (es) | 2000-06-26 | 2001-06-19 | Procedimiento para regenerar catalizadores de pd. |
US10/297,237 US6921731B2 (en) | 2000-06-26 | 2001-06-19 | Process for regenerating Pd catalysts |
AU2001266429A AU2001266429A1 (en) | 2000-06-26 | 2001-06-19 | Process for regenerating pd catalysts |
AT01943971T ATE303865T1 (de) | 2000-06-26 | 2001-06-19 | Verfahren zur regenerierung von pd-katalysatoren |
DE60113257T DE60113257T2 (de) | 2000-06-26 | 2001-06-19 | Verfahren zur regenerierung von pd-katalysatoren |
PCT/NL2001/000460 WO2002000340A1 (fr) | 2000-06-26 | 2001-06-19 | Procede de regeneration de catalyseurs pd |
JP2002505113A JP2004501744A (ja) | 2000-06-26 | 2001-06-19 | Pd触媒の再生のための方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NL1015520A NL1015520C2 (nl) | 2000-06-26 | 2000-06-26 | Werkwijze voor het regeneren van Pd-Katalysatoren. |
NL1015520 | 2000-06-26 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NL1015520C2 true NL1015520C2 (nl) | 2001-12-28 |
Family
ID=19771592
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NL1015520A NL1015520C2 (nl) | 2000-06-26 | 2000-06-26 | Werkwijze voor het regeneren van Pd-Katalysatoren. |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6921731B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1294483B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2004501744A (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE303865T1 (fr) |
AU (1) | AU2001266429A1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE60113257T2 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2249447T3 (fr) |
NL (1) | NL1015520C2 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2002000340A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN1329117C (zh) * | 2003-06-12 | 2007-08-01 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 用于选择性加氢的钯/碳催化剂的制备方法 |
DE102004049508A1 (de) * | 2004-10-11 | 2006-04-13 | Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München | Eisen- oder Kobalt-katalysierte Kohlenstoff-Kohlenstoff-Kupplungsreaktion von Arylen, Alkenen und Alkinen mit Kupferreagenzien |
CN100355718C (zh) * | 2005-09-21 | 2007-12-19 | 扬子石油化工股份有限公司 | 加氢精制对苯二甲酸的催化剂的再生方法 |
DE602006013688D1 (de) * | 2005-11-16 | 2010-05-27 | Hoffmann La Roche | Neues verfahren zur herstellung von thoc |
CN103028422B (zh) * | 2011-09-29 | 2015-04-08 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 粗对苯二甲酸加氢精制钯炭催化剂的再生方法 |
CN102942429A (zh) * | 2012-11-26 | 2013-02-27 | 大连理工大学 | 一种钯碳催化的制备氮杂或硫杂芳基联芳化合物的方法 |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0514821A1 (fr) * | 1991-05-22 | 1992-11-25 | Bromine Compounds Ltd. | Méthode de production de composés biaryle |
WO1998049128A1 (fr) * | 1997-04-25 | 1998-11-05 | Dsm N.V. | Procede de preparation d'une olefine (hetero)aromatique |
US6005151A (en) * | 1995-02-01 | 1999-12-21 | Aventis | Processs for preparing aromatic olefins using palladacycle catalysis |
US6071843A (en) * | 1996-05-10 | 2000-06-06 | Bayer Aktiengesellschaft | Process for reactivating catalyst systems containing a platinum group metal |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1084159A (fr) * | 1965-07-09 | |||
US3700729A (en) * | 1965-12-06 | 1972-10-24 | Union Oil Co | Preparation of aromatic acids |
DE19512618A1 (de) * | 1995-04-05 | 1996-10-10 | Bayer Ag | Platinmetall enthaltende Träger-Katalysatoren und Verfahren zur Herstellung von Diarylcarbonaten |
-
2000
- 2000-06-26 NL NL1015520A patent/NL1015520C2/nl not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2001
- 2001-06-19 EP EP01943971A patent/EP1294483B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-06-19 DE DE60113257T patent/DE60113257T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-06-19 US US10/297,237 patent/US6921731B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-06-19 WO PCT/NL2001/000460 patent/WO2002000340A1/fr active IP Right Grant
- 2001-06-19 ES ES01943971T patent/ES2249447T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-06-19 JP JP2002505113A patent/JP2004501744A/ja active Pending
- 2001-06-19 AT AT01943971T patent/ATE303865T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-06-19 AU AU2001266429A patent/AU2001266429A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0514821A1 (fr) * | 1991-05-22 | 1992-11-25 | Bromine Compounds Ltd. | Méthode de production de composés biaryle |
US6005151A (en) * | 1995-02-01 | 1999-12-21 | Aventis | Processs for preparing aromatic olefins using palladacycle catalysis |
US6071843A (en) * | 1996-05-10 | 2000-06-06 | Bayer Aktiengesellschaft | Process for reactivating catalyst systems containing a platinum group metal |
WO1998049128A1 (fr) * | 1997-04-25 | 1998-11-05 | Dsm N.V. | Procede de preparation d'une olefine (hetero)aromatique |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
CORTÉS ET AL.: "Palladium(0) Complexes of a 15-Membered Macrocyclic Triolefin as a Recoverable Catalyst", EUR. J. ORG. CHEM., January 2000 (2000-01-01), pages 239 - 243, XP002161460 * |
HERRMANN W A ET AL: "PALLADACYCLES AS STRUCTURALLY DEFINED CATALYSTS FOR THE HECK OLEFINATION OF CHLORO- AND BROMOARENES", ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE. INTERNATIONAL EDITION,DE,VERLAG CHEMIE. WEINHEIM, vol. 34, no. 17, 15 September 1995 (1995-09-15), pages 1844 - 1848, XP002056984, ISSN: 0570-0833 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES2249447T3 (es) | 2006-04-01 |
ATE303865T1 (de) | 2005-09-15 |
EP1294483A1 (fr) | 2003-03-26 |
DE60113257D1 (de) | 2005-10-13 |
DE60113257T2 (de) | 2006-06-22 |
JP2004501744A (ja) | 2004-01-22 |
US20040029714A1 (en) | 2004-02-12 |
AU2001266429A1 (en) | 2002-01-08 |
US6921731B2 (en) | 2005-07-26 |
EP1294483B1 (fr) | 2005-09-07 |
WO2002000340A1 (fr) | 2002-01-03 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
Joucla et al. | Transition Metal‐Catalysed, Direct and Site‐Selective N1‐, C2‐or C3‐Arylation of the Indole Nucleus: 20 Years of Improvements | |
Terasawa et al. | A coordinatively unsaturated, polymer-bound palladium (0) complex. Synthesis and catalytic activities | |
Pytkowicz et al. | Chiral diaminocarbene palladium (II) complexes: synthesis, reduction to Pd (0) and activity in the Mizoroki–Heck reaction as recyclable catalysts | |
Yoshikai | Development of Cobalt-Catalyzed C–H Bond Functionalization Reactions | |
Shaw | Speculations on new mechanisms for Heck reactions | |
Loska et al. | Iron‐Catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck Cross‐Coupling Reaction with Styrenes | |
Herrmann et al. | Application of palladacycles in Heck type reactions | |
He et al. | Phosphinite-and phosphite-based type I palladacycles as highly active catalysts for addition reactions of arylboronic acids with aldehydes, α, β-unsaturated ketones, α-ketoesters, and aldimines | |
Jin et al. | Highly Active, Well‐Defined (Cyclopentadiene)(N‐heterocyclic carbene) palladium Chloride Complexes for Room‐Temperature Suzuki–Miyaura and Buchwald–Hartwig Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Aryl Chlorides and Deboronation Homocoupling of Arylboronic Acids | |
Bulut et al. | Suzuki cross-coupling reaction of aryl halides with arylboronic acids catalysed by Pd (II)-NaY zeolite | |
EP3617182B1 (fr) | Procédé de production d'ester d'acide alpha-fluoroacrylique | |
Consorti et al. | A Simple and Efficient Copper‐Free Catalytic System Based on a Palladacycle for the Arylation of Alkynes | |
Mohammadi et al. | Polystyrene-resin supported N-heterocyclic carbene-Pd (II) complex based on plant-derived theophylline: A reusable and effective catalyst for the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction of arenediazonium tetrafluoroborate salts with arylboronic acids | |
NL1015520C2 (nl) | Werkwijze voor het regeneren van Pd-Katalysatoren. | |
Welton et al. | Palladium catalyzed reactions in ionic liquids | |
Majchrzak et al. | Synthesis of new styrylarenes via Suzuki–Miyaura coupling catalysed by highly active, well-defined palladium catalysts | |
Crawforth et al. | Air‐Stable, Phosphine‐Free Anionic Palladacyclopentadienyl Catalysts: Remarkable Halide and Pseudohalide Effects in Stille Coupling | |
Nair et al. | Increased catalytic productivity for nanofiltration-coupled Heck reactions using highly stable catalyst systems | |
Shokouhimehr et al. | Heterogeneous Heck reaction catalyzed by recyclable polymer-supported N-heterocyclic carbene-palladium complex | |
Gil‐Moltó et al. | Direct Coupling Reactions of Alkynylsilanes Catalyzed by Palladium (II) Chloride and a Di (2‐pyridyl) methylamine‐Derived Palladium (II) Chloride Complex in Water and in NMP | |
NL8403890A (nl) | Katalytische werkwijze voor de selectieve bereiding van geoxygeneerde koolwaterstoffen. | |
JP2922289B2 (ja) | ビアリール化合物の製造方法 | |
Markham et al. | Using speciation to gain insight into sustainable coupling reactions and their catalysts | |
CA2285021A1 (fr) | Procede de synthese d'olefines aromatiquement substituees | |
NL1017138C2 (nl) | Werkwijze voor een homogeen gekatalyseerde C-C koppelingsreactie. |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PD2B | A search report has been drawn up | ||
VD1 | Lapsed due to non-payment of the annual fee |
Effective date: 20050101 |