NL1010140C2 - Katalysatoren voor de selectieve oxidatie van koolmonoxide in waterstofhoudende gassen. - Google Patents
Katalysatoren voor de selectieve oxidatie van koolmonoxide in waterstofhoudende gassen. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NL1010140C2 NL1010140C2 NL1010140A NL1010140A NL1010140C2 NL 1010140 C2 NL1010140 C2 NL 1010140C2 NL 1010140 A NL1010140 A NL 1010140A NL 1010140 A NL1010140 A NL 1010140A NL 1010140 C2 NL1010140 C2 NL 1010140C2
- Authority
- NL
- Netherlands
- Prior art keywords
- catalyst
- oxidation
- amount
- gas
- hydrogen
- Prior art date
Links
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 94
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 94
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 15
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title description 14
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 13
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 8
- 229940105305 carbon monoxide Drugs 0.000 abstract 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 23
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 16
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 8
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910018404 Al2 O3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000282326 Felis catus Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012812 general test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 2
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006187 pill Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 salts ruthenium nitrosyl nitrate Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000629 steam reforming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetaminophen Chemical compound CC(=O)NC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002621 H2PtCl6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000010718 Oxidation Activity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002848 Pt–Ru Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013065 commercial product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011491 glass wool Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- YLPJWCDYYXQCIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitroso nitrate;ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru].[O-][N+](=O)ON=O YLPJWCDYYXQCIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001745 non-dispersive infrared spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000011837 pasties Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005381 potential energy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005297 pyrex Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052594 sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010345 tape casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/50—Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification
- C01B3/56—Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification by contacting with solids; Regeneration of used solids
- C01B3/58—Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification by contacting with solids; Regeneration of used solids including a catalytic reaction
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/50—Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification
- C01B3/56—Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification by contacting with solids; Regeneration of used solids
- C01B3/58—Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification by contacting with solids; Regeneration of used solids including a catalytic reaction
- C01B3/583—Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification by contacting with solids; Regeneration of used solids including a catalytic reaction the reaction being the selective oxidation of carbon monoxide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/04—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a purification step for the hydrogen or the synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0435—Catalytic purification
- C01B2203/044—Selective oxidation of carbon monoxide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/04—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a purification step for the hydrogen or the synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0465—Composition of the impurity
- C01B2203/047—Composition of the impurity the impurity being carbon monoxide
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
- Industrial Gases (AREA)
Priority Applications (15)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NL1010140A NL1010140C2 (nl) | 1998-09-21 | 1998-09-21 | Katalysatoren voor de selectieve oxidatie van koolmonoxide in waterstofhoudende gassen. |
| US09/787,639 US6673327B1 (en) | 1998-09-21 | 1999-09-21 | Method for the selective oxidation of carbon monoxide in hydrogen-containing gases |
| EP99946448A EP1115651B1 (en) | 1998-09-21 | 1999-09-21 | The selective oxidation of carbon monoxide in hydrogen-containing gases |
| PCT/NL1999/000584 WO2000017097A1 (en) | 1998-09-21 | 1999-09-21 | Catalysts for the selective oxidation of carbon monoxide in hydrogen-containing gases |
| CA002344449A CA2344449A1 (en) | 1998-09-21 | 1999-09-21 | Catalysts for the selective oxidation of carbon monoxide in hydrogen-containing gases |
| KR1020017003559A KR20010079869A (ko) | 1998-09-21 | 1999-09-21 | 수소 함유 가스중의 일산화탄소의 선택적 산화용 촉매 |
| JP2000574016A JP2002526358A (ja) | 1998-09-21 | 1999-09-21 | 水素含有ガス中の一酸化炭素の選択的酸化用触媒 |
| DE69905736T DE69905736T2 (de) | 1998-09-21 | 1999-09-21 | Die selektive oxidation von kohlenmonoxid in wasserstoff enthaltenden gasen |
| AT99946448T ATE233715T1 (de) | 1998-09-21 | 1999-09-21 | Die selektive oxidation von kohlenmonoxid in wasserstoff enthaltenden gasen |
| AU58850/99A AU748488B2 (en) | 1998-09-21 | 1999-09-21 | Catalysts for the selective oxidation of carbon monoxide in hydrogen-containing gases |
| CN99811178A CN1319074A (zh) | 1998-09-21 | 1999-09-21 | 选择性氧化含氢气体中一氧化碳的催化剂 |
| BR9913988-0A BR9913988A (pt) | 1998-09-21 | 1999-09-21 | Método para a oxidação catalìtica seletiva de monóxido de carbono (co) em gases ricos em h2, contendo co2 e h2o |
| IDW20010636A ID28628A (id) | 1998-09-21 | 1999-09-21 | Katalis untuk oksidasi selektif karbon monoksida di dalam gas yang mengandung hidrogen |
| DK99946448T DK1115651T3 (da) | 1998-09-21 | 1999-09-21 | Selektiv oxidation af carbonmonoxid i hydrogenholdige gasser |
| NO20011404A NO20011404L (no) | 1998-09-21 | 2001-03-20 | Katalysatorer for selektiv oksidasjon av karbonmonoksid i hydogenholdige gasser |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NL1010140A NL1010140C2 (nl) | 1998-09-21 | 1998-09-21 | Katalysatoren voor de selectieve oxidatie van koolmonoxide in waterstofhoudende gassen. |
| NL1010140 | 1998-09-21 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NL1010140C2 true NL1010140C2 (nl) | 2000-03-22 |
Family
ID=19767849
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NL1010140A NL1010140C2 (nl) | 1998-09-21 | 1998-09-21 | Katalysatoren voor de selectieve oxidatie van koolmonoxide in waterstofhoudende gassen. |
Country Status (15)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6673327B1 (enExample) |
| EP (1) | EP1115651B1 (enExample) |
| JP (1) | JP2002526358A (enExample) |
| KR (1) | KR20010079869A (enExample) |
| CN (1) | CN1319074A (enExample) |
| AT (1) | ATE233715T1 (enExample) |
| AU (1) | AU748488B2 (enExample) |
| BR (1) | BR9913988A (enExample) |
| CA (1) | CA2344449A1 (enExample) |
| DE (1) | DE69905736T2 (enExample) |
| DK (1) | DK1115651T3 (enExample) |
| ID (1) | ID28628A (enExample) |
| NL (1) | NL1010140C2 (enExample) |
| NO (1) | NO20011404L (enExample) |
| WO (1) | WO2000017097A1 (enExample) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2001081242A1 (en) * | 2000-04-14 | 2001-11-01 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Process for the selective oxidation of carbon monoxide |
Families Citing this family (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2001083365A2 (en) * | 2000-05-02 | 2001-11-08 | Honeywell International Inc. | Method for removal of carbon monoxide from reformate |
| US6409939B1 (en) * | 2000-05-31 | 2002-06-25 | Uop Llc | Method for producing a hydrogen-rich fuel stream |
| US7247592B2 (en) | 2000-09-18 | 2007-07-24 | Osaka Gas Co., Ltd. | Method of activating catalyst for carbon monoxide removal |
| CA2657329C (en) | 2001-03-28 | 2010-05-04 | Osaka Gas Co., Ltd. | Method of removing carbon monoxide, method of operating fuel reforming system, carbon monoxide removal reactor, fuel reforming system using the removal reactor, and filter |
| US7345007B2 (en) | 2002-06-24 | 2008-03-18 | Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo K.K. | Catalyst for selective oxidation of carbon monoxide in reformed gas |
| JPWO2004000458A1 (ja) * | 2002-06-24 | 2005-10-20 | 田中貴金属工業株式会社 | 改質ガス中の一酸化炭素の選択酸化触媒 |
| FR2875809B1 (fr) | 2004-09-28 | 2006-11-17 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Procede de desulfuration selective des essences olefiniques comprenant une etape de purification de l'hydrogene |
| TWI294413B (en) * | 2004-11-19 | 2008-03-11 | Ind Tech Res Inst | Method for converting co and hydrogen into methane and water |
| CN101569861B (zh) * | 2008-04-28 | 2013-03-27 | 汉能科技有限公司 | 一种选择性氧化富氢重整气中co的整体式催化剂 |
| CN103093838B (zh) * | 2013-01-15 | 2014-07-23 | 西安交通大学 | 套管式棒状燃料组件及采用该组件的超临界水冷核反应堆 |
| KR102697807B1 (ko) * | 2021-11-16 | 2024-08-21 | 아주대학교산학협력단 | 암모니아 분해 반응용 루테늄 촉매, 이의 제조 방법 및 이를 이용하여 수소를 생산하는 방법 |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4334983A1 (de) * | 1993-10-14 | 1995-04-20 | Daimler Benz Ag | Verfahren zur katalytischen Entfernung von CO in H¶2¶-reichem Gas |
| US5491120A (en) * | 1991-11-26 | 1996-02-13 | Engelhard Corporation | Oxidation catalyst with bulk ceria, a second bulk metal oxide, and platinum |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3216782A (en) * | 1962-10-09 | 1965-11-09 | Engelhard Ind Inc | Process for selectively removing carbon monoxide from hydrogen-containing gases |
| US5271916A (en) * | 1991-07-08 | 1993-12-21 | General Motors Corporation | Device for staged carbon monoxide oxidation |
| JPH0930802A (ja) * | 1995-05-15 | 1997-02-04 | Toyota Motor Corp | 一酸化炭素濃度低減装置及びメタノール濃度低減装置並びに燃料改質装置 |
| US6162558A (en) * | 1998-09-16 | 2000-12-19 | General Motors Corporation | Method and apparatus for selective removal of carbon monoxide |
-
1998
- 1998-09-21 NL NL1010140A patent/NL1010140C2/nl not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1999
- 1999-09-21 WO PCT/NL1999/000584 patent/WO2000017097A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1999-09-21 JP JP2000574016A patent/JP2002526358A/ja active Pending
- 1999-09-21 DK DK99946448T patent/DK1115651T3/da active
- 1999-09-21 ID IDW20010636A patent/ID28628A/id unknown
- 1999-09-21 EP EP99946448A patent/EP1115651B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-09-21 AT AT99946448T patent/ATE233715T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-09-21 KR KR1020017003559A patent/KR20010079869A/ko not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-09-21 CA CA002344449A patent/CA2344449A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-09-21 US US09/787,639 patent/US6673327B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-09-21 BR BR9913988-0A patent/BR9913988A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-09-21 DE DE69905736T patent/DE69905736T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-09-21 CN CN99811178A patent/CN1319074A/zh active Pending
- 1999-09-21 AU AU58850/99A patent/AU748488B2/en not_active Ceased
-
2001
- 2001-03-20 NO NO20011404A patent/NO20011404L/no not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5491120A (en) * | 1991-11-26 | 1996-02-13 | Engelhard Corporation | Oxidation catalyst with bulk ceria, a second bulk metal oxide, and platinum |
| DE4334983A1 (de) * | 1993-10-14 | 1995-04-20 | Daimler Benz Ag | Verfahren zur katalytischen Entfernung von CO in H¶2¶-reichem Gas |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2001081242A1 (en) * | 2000-04-14 | 2001-11-01 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Process for the selective oxidation of carbon monoxide |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE69905736D1 (de) | 2003-04-10 |
| EP1115651A1 (en) | 2001-07-18 |
| KR20010079869A (ko) | 2001-08-22 |
| ATE233715T1 (de) | 2003-03-15 |
| DK1115651T3 (da) | 2003-07-07 |
| AU5885099A (en) | 2000-04-10 |
| US6673327B1 (en) | 2004-01-06 |
| CN1319074A (zh) | 2001-10-24 |
| NO20011404D0 (no) | 2001-03-20 |
| JP2002526358A (ja) | 2002-08-20 |
| ID28628A (id) | 2001-06-21 |
| WO2000017097A1 (en) | 2000-03-30 |
| CA2344449A1 (en) | 2000-03-30 |
| DE69905736T2 (de) | 2004-02-05 |
| AU748488B2 (en) | 2002-06-06 |
| EP1115651B1 (en) | 2003-03-05 |
| NO20011404L (no) | 2001-03-20 |
| BR9913988A (pt) | 2002-04-23 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PD2B | A search report has been drawn up | ||
| SD | Assignments of patents |
Owner name: SHELL INTERNATIONALE RESEARCH MAATSCHAPPIJ B.V. |
|
| VD1 | Lapsed due to non-payment of the annual fee |
Effective date: 20070401 |