MXPA99010881A

MXPA99010881A - Film fill-pack for inducement of spiraling gas flow in heat and mass transfer contact apparatus with self spacing fill-sheets.

Info

Publication number: MXPA99010881A
Application number: MXPA99010881A
Authority: MX
Inventors: P Carter Thomas
Original assignee: Baltimore Aircoil Co Inc
Priority date: 1999-09-01
Filing date: 1999-11-24
Publication date: 2002-07-22
Also published as: KR100338718B1; CN1286389A; BR9906066A; AU766548B2; CN1327182C; KR20010029551A; HUP9904388A1; IL133018A0; AU2083200A; ID25940A

Abstract

A fill-sheet for film fill-packs of heat transfer and mass transfer devices, said devices having means for transferring gas-flow and fluid through said fill-packs, each said fill-pack having at least two said fill-sheets, said fill sheets comprising: each said fill-sheet having a reference plane, each said fill sheet having an obverse surface and a reverse surface, a plurality of ridges and grooves, each said ridge and groove having a first end and a second end, said plurality of ridges and grooves arranged in a plurality of ranks of said ridges and grooves, each said obverse surface and said reverse surface having a formed array with a repeating pattern of said ranks of ridges and grooves, each said rank having at least one apex above said reference plane and at least one valley below said reference plane, one of said first ends and second ends of each said ridge and groove terminating at an apex vertically above said reference plane on each said obverse and reverse surface, the othe r of said first ends and second ends of each said ridge and groove extending to at least said one valley below said reference plane, each said fill-sheet positionable in a fill-pack to provide said apices and said valleys of one of said obverse and reverse surfaces in substantial facing alignment with said apices and said valleys of an other of said obverse and reverse surfaces of an adjacent fill-sheet to define a plurality of channels between said adjacent fill-sheet obverse and reverse surfaces.

Description

PACKAGE OF FILM FILLING FOR INDUCTION OF GAS FLOW HELICOIDAL IN HEAT TRANSFER AND CONTACT DEVICE MASS WITH FILLING PLATES OF SELF SEPARATION DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present application is a continuation in part of the pending United States patent application number 09 / 200,546, the application of which is incorporated herein by reference. The present invention relates to a liquid and gas contact apparatus for heat transfer and mass transfer apparatus. More specifically, the invention relates to the heat and mass transfer medium, or film filling package, used within the cooling tower as a gas-liquid contact apparatus for cooling a heat transfer fluid. The heat and mass transfer medium, or packing pack material is generally oriented vertically with the flow of fluid over the material and a stream of air is directed transversely through the stacked or loose material. of separate packing pack to interact with the fluid for heat and mass transfer. The filler pack material generally provides a structural apparatus that inhibits the fluid flow rate between a fluid feeder device in the upper portion of the tower to a collector at its lower level, which inhibited the flow of fluid increase the contact time between the fluid and the air or gas moving in the transverse direction. The control of inhibition of the flow velocity of the liquid to increase the contact time with the gas or fluid can be considered liquid handling as a reference term. Various structures, materials and physical arrangements have been provided in an attempt to improve the interaction between the gas or air and the fluid in the fill pack materials. This will promote the eliciency of the heat and mass transfer operation and therefore the efficiency of the heat and mass transfer devices, such as the cooling towers. The thermal efficiency of a cooling tower is related to the mass of air that flows through the tower, the fluid-air interface per unit of fluid that flows through the tower, and also the degree of turbulence in the flow. of air and water adjacent to the interface. An attempt to accommodate a greater interaction between the air and the fluid, and therefore increase the efficiency of the tower is noted in United States Patent No. 3,286,999 to Takeda. In this structure, the alternative arrangements of corrugated reinforcement in strips across the padding web are illustrated, that is, with or without planar strips, but both arrangements have hollow arrangements extending over the corrugated surfaces. The sheet material can be a polyvinyl chloride with a specified bandwidth and slot inclination. A clamp ensures that the fine powder fills the filler sheet surfaces. It is determined that the fine powder or other material acts as a wetting agent to distribute the water on the surface of the sheets. In addition, the improvement of surface wetting is proposed by the addition of a surfactant to water. U.S. Patent No. 4,548,766 to Kinney, Jr. , et al., describes a filler sheet formed for cross flow water cooling towers, whose filler sheet has a repeating chevron pattern with edges on one face of the sheet defining the grooves on the other face. An improvement in heat transfer is attributed to the angularity of the edge sections one with respect to the other, the vertical height of the pattern, the transverse angularity of the edges and the separation of the adjacent sheets. The W-shaped spacers projecting in opposite directions from each of the sheets have complementary notches to receive the end portions of the spacer to hold the adjacent sheets in the required horizontal spacing ratios. These spacers are angled to provide minimal interference of the air flow. The pattern in the form of a chevron is repeated in alternative rows of angled edges and grooves. Nevertheless, there are circular grooves placed along vertical lines on opposite sides of the sheet and are operable as ejectors for the reception of support bars. The use of W-shaped spacers is determined to assist in the assembly of the fill package at the tower site by avoiding the requisite inlay of the fill material. U.S. Patent No. 3,599,943 to Munters teaches a product of contact filler material with a corrugated structure of creases or folds. The contact filler materials are vertically thin layers or sheets formed with folds that each pass through adjacent layers. The layers can be celluloses or asbestos impregnated with a stiffening or reinforcing substance, such as a resin. The crossed folds support each other to form channels with wide and continuously variable both vertically and horizontally. This is intended to improve air to water contact to make water cooling more effective. A similar glued section of filler material is illustrated in U.S. Patent No. 3,395,903 to Norback, et al. The corrugated sheets of the material have the corrugated at an angle with the sheets joined together at their edges and provide channels between the corrugated layers. A sheet-thin filler material with alternating corrugations, which flexes transverse to its plane along a plurality of lines transverse to the corrugations, is shown in U.S. Patent No. 3,540,702. A plurality of the sheets are joined back to back so that the flexed portions of adjacent plates extend in opposite directions to form large gas flow passages with the corrugations forming flow passages for a liquid. Another illustration of a corrugated and angularly slotted filler sheet is shown in U.S. Patent No. 4,361,426 to Carter et al. The angularly grooved filler material is separated by extending horizontally, corrugated and vertically oriented with its improved surface by alternating angled grooves. This material increases the exposed wet surface area of the fill and causes air turbulence in the passages between the fill sheets. The purpose of the improved flow and surface areas was to increase the contact time of air and water to increase the thermal performance of the fill material. A coil filler packing material is described in U.S. Patent No. 4,518,544 to Carter et al. , whose filling material is composed of individual side sheets having serpentine or sinusoidal shapes with ridges or edges. The adjacent sheets have the sinusoidal forms in directly opposite paths. The sheets are supported or held in place by a male locator of separation knob on one edge of any sheet and a female locator of separation sleeve with a valley of any sheet. The groove width varies constantly in an edge or valley from the bottom to the top edge. The sidewall angle of the slot, relative to the perpendicular to the plane of the sheet, is a constant angle at any position in the filling sheet height. U.S. Patent No. 4,801,410 to Kinney, Jr. et al., provides a vacuum formed filler sheet with separation elements to maintain the separation around the perimeter and the interior of the infill pack. The individual sheets are formed in a corrugated pattern with the peaks and valleys of adjacent sheets that are slanted in opposite directions to maintain sheet separation. The honeycomb structure formed along the side and side edges of adjacent sheets helps to maintain sheet separation. United States Patent No. 5, 722, 258 for Aitken illustrates a packing pack having corrugated metal elements arranged with vertical passages between adjacent elements. Perforations are provided in the corrugated sections of the filling material. The corrugations in each section extend at an angle to the horizontal. It was determined in the description that the corrugations function as fins to increase the heat transfer area. The heat transfer medium or filler sheets of the present invention particularly improve the thermal efficiency of the filler sheets by providing the following: a specific structure that displaces the adjacent rows of folds or chevrons from the immediate redundancy; automatic edge alignment on adjacent filler sheets to clearly define air flow channels for the development of air flow vertices in each channel with adjacent channel air flow rotation in opposite directions; surface structures of filler sheets for compact storage, packaging and ease of assembly at the site of the cooling tower; clear and specific openings for mounting and support rods without secondary assembly or structure in a cooling tower; spacers to maintain the separation distance between adjacent sheets without calibration of individual filling sheets; and ease of manufacture of continuous filling sheet by vacuum forming a thermosetting plastic. An angle of displacement of corrugations or folds on the filler sheet surfaces is noted for the specific fold relative to a vertical axis. The relative angular displacement of the filler sheet during manufacture and the method for providing vertical displacement are easily integrated in the manufacture of the filler sheet. A steam scavenger assembly and a water retention lattice assembly are provided on the respective discharge and ingress edges either integrally or independently of the filler sheets to inhibit refrigerant fluid losses from the air inlet or the flow of water. coolant fluid. The water retention trusses described improved operating efficiency by reducing the air pressure flows through the lattice surfaces. The vapor eliminator assembly has an asymmetric cross section of each vapor eliminator element with elongated S-shaped slots and micro-grooves between the adjacent S-shaped slots for transfer of trapped fluid to the fill sheets and the cooling tower manifold . Both sets of grooves extend at an upward angle from the inner edge to the outer and discharge edge.

The observed manufacturing method provides the correct sequence or number of panels to produce filling sheets with a continuous repeat pattern. The filler sheets have a seal line between adjacent segments within a die or mold, although the individual mold can be fixed to provide a multiple panel filler sheet or a single panel filler sheet, or the die can provide a individual elongated blade. Both provisions incorporate mounting passages and support bar passages. The specific die configuration and the size of filler sheet formed or the use of multiple panels for a multiple panel sheet is a design choice. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS In the different figures of the Drawing, similar reference numbers identifying similar components, and in those figures: Figure 1 is an oblique and partial sectional view of a cross flow cooling tower, and the film filler; Figure 1A is a schematic cross-sectional view of a cross-type cooling tower as in Figure 1; Figure 2 is an oblique oblique sectional view of the film filling package of the crossflow cooling tower in Figure 1; Figure 3A is a plan view of a filler sheet as formed having a plurality of panels formed with the elliptically trimmed mounting and support passages, and a lattice of water retention on the front edge; Figure 3B is a plan view of a filler sheet as formed as in Figure 3A with the mounting and support passages formed elliptically trimmed, and the vapor eliminator on the trailing edge; Figure 3C is a plan view of a filler sheet as formed as in Figure 3A with the cut-out circular support and assembly passages, and a water retention lattice on the front edge; Figure 3D is a plan view of a filler sheet as formed as in Figure 3B with the vapor eliminator on the trailing edge; Figure 3E is a plan view of a filler sheet as it was formed with a lattice of water retention on the front edge and the vapor eliminator on the trailing edge; Figure 3F is a top plan view of a steam eliminator of the present disclosure; Figure 3G is a top plan view of the steam eliminator of the prior art; Figure 4A is a trace of a two-panel filler sheet mold for which the side edges of the vapor eliminator are formed parallel to the vertical or longitudinal direction, the upper and lower edges are angularly positioned from the horizontal axis and it is noted that the starting line for separating the two panel section as formed from the adjacent two panel section; Figure 4B is a trace of an individual panel fill sheet mold with the water retention lattice section as formed at the center edge; Figure 4C is a cross-sectional view of the water retention lattice taken along line 6A-6A in Figure 4B; Figure 4D is an end view of a lattice of individual water retention; Figure 4E is an end view of a lattice assembly of water retention in Figure 4D and the resulting cell structure is observed with equilateral hexagonal cells; Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of the filling section taken along line 5-5 in Figures 4A and 4B; Figure 5A is an elevation view of a water retention lattice as shown in Figure 4B; Figure 6A is a cross-sectional view of the vapor eliminator portion taken along line 6-6 in Figure 4A; Figure 6B is an elongated plan view of a segment of the vapor eliminator; Figure 6C is an elongated cross section of a vapor eliminator lattice as taken along line 6C-6C in Figure 6B; Figure 6D is a cross-sectional view of the microgrooves between the louvers of the steam eliminator taken along the line 6D-6D in Figure 6B; Figure 6E is an end view of an individual water retention lattice of the present disclosure; Figure 6F is a front elevation view of the water retention lattice of Figure 6E; Figure 6G is an end view of the lattice assembly of water retention of the present invention with a cellular structure of the non-equilateral hexagonal cells; Figure 7 is an elongated plan view of the circular support and ellipse passage in combination as formed that is set forth in Figures 3A to 3B; Figure 7A is an oblique oblique view of the ellipse and circular support passage that is displayed on the Figure 7; Figure 7B is a cross-sectional trace of the ellipse and circular support passage of Figure 7; Figure 8 illustrates a prior art chevron-shaped plan view of a filler sheet; Figure 8A is a side view of the prior art filling sheet illustrated in Figure 8; Figure 9 is an elongated end view illustration of three filler sheets assembled with the aligned peak-to-peak arrangement providing channels between the aligned valleys taken generally along line 5-5 in Figures 4A and 4B; Figure 9A is an elongated end view as in Figure 9 with surface discontinuities on the front surfaces of filler sheets. Figure 10 is an elongated view of a channel with air flow spiral therein; Figure HA is an elongated plan view of one of the filler sheets in Figure 9 with a surface of three cycles; Figure 11B is an elongated plan view of another of the filler sheets as in Figure 9 with a surface of two cycles; Figure 11C is an oblique perspective view of a portion of a filler sheet; Figure 11D is an end view of a filler sheet surface taken along a line parallel to line 13-13 in Figure HA, Figure HE is an elongated section view of the spacers and nodes of the surface in Figure 11C; Figure 12 is an elongated cross-sectional view of a valley and the edge peaks of adjacent grooves taken along line 12-12 in Figure HA, whose flat location of line 12-12 is also observed in Figure 9; Figure 13 is an enlarged view of a peaked sheet surface taken along a line 13-13 in Figure HA, the planar location of line 13-13 also seen in Figure 9; Figure 14 illustrates an elliptical or elongated trace on each panel of each filler sheet, and is seen in Figures 7 and 7B; Figure 14A illustrates a rectangular stroke of each panel of each filler sheet in an alternative embodiment; Figure 15 is the circular trace within the ellipse of Figure 14; Figure 15A is a generally square section within the rectangular profile of Figure 14A with an alternative and illustrative overlay support bar structure; Figure 16 shows the filling sheets as they were manufactured stacked closely with a peak-to-valley coupling between adjacent sheets; Figure 17 is an enlarged and exploded view of the filler sheets as manufactured in Figure 16; Figure 18 illustrates the alignment of filler sheet installed with the sheets suspended from a hanging pipe; Figure 19 is an enlarged and exploded view of the filling sheet alignment as assembled as in Figure 18; Figure 20 is an alternative illustration of the air flow in the channels of the filling sheets as in Figure 9 with interruption of the channel pattern; Figure 21 is another alternative illustration of the air flow in the channels of the filler sheets as in Figure 9 with an alternative channel pattern interruption; Figure 22 is an oblique oblique section view of a film backfill pack of a counterflow cooling tower; Figure 23 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a counterflow cooling tower versus Figure 22. The heat and mass transfer medium is used in a plurality of heat transfer devices and more including cooling towers, catalytic converters. , gas scrubbers, evaporative coolers and other apparatus. In Figures 1 and 2, the extended cross-flow cooling tower 10 is shown in partial cross-sectional view by observing several components of the tower 10. More specifically the film-filling package 12 with a plurality of transfer means of individual heat and mass, or filler sheets 14, are shown along and along independent water retention trusses 16, the tower fan 18, the manifold 20 and various structural support members 22. The lattice portion 10 in dotted line of the Figure 1 is seen in Figure 2 in an elongated view. The filling packs 12 have a plurality of individual parallel filling sheets 14 suspended vertically in the tower 10. The external or front surface 24 of the filling packs 12 is in proximity to the independent water retention louvers 16 and the internal or rear surface 26 is in proximity to the fan 18. The lower edge of filler sheet 130 of Figure 4B is in proximity to the manifold 20 in Figures 1, 2 and 2. The relative position of the cooling tower components, the air flow direction and the water flow direction of the cooling tower 10 are illustrated more clearly in Figure IA. In this schematic figure, the direction of air flow is observed by the arrow 30, the direction of flow of water or fluid is shown by arrows 32, inside the infill pack 12 and the discharge or heated air or gas flow. it is indicated by the arrows 34. The steam eliminators 28 are formed integrally with filler sheets 14 and are generally located at the trailing edge 26-. The water distribution source 36 in the upper part of the tower 38 has distribution nozzles 40 for uniform distribution of the hot water over the filling packs 12 whose sources or conduits 36 are also seen in Figure 1. The cooling towers 10 they reduce the temperature of the water used in the cooling systems and the reduction of the temperature is generally achieved by transferring the air at a first temperature of the water circulation onto the filling sheets 14, whose water is at a second higher temperature. Cooler air reduces the water temperature through sensible heat transfer and latent heat transfer by evaporating a small portion of water on the filler sheet surface. The water through the filling sheets 14 is recovered in a manifold 20 by recycling the indicated cooling system. It is generally considered correlative that the temperatures of the coolant water in the manifold 20 result in a more economical and efficient operation for a cooling system. Figure 8 illustrates a prior art backfill sheet 270 in plan view, which sheet of backfill sheet has a plurality of alternate rib strips similar to chevrons or corrugated lined on its surface. In the vertical herringbone arrangement of the filler sheet 270 indicated in the figure, the thicker and darker lines represent edges 163 and the alternating thin and wispy lines represent valleys or grooves 165 between adjacent edges 163 of a horizontal row of edge 167. The bands or edges in each row 167 are angled in alternating directions to direct the flow of water down from the surface of the filler sheet 270. The obverse surface 271 and the reverse surface 273 of the filler sheet Prior art 270 is shown in the side view of Figure 8A, and appears as "planar surfaces." Although operable, the surfaces do not cooperate with adjacent filler sheet surfaces to provide clearly disjointed air channels to improve airflow. and the generation of air flow spiral formation The surfaces 271_ and 273 of the prior art filling sheets 270 have a plan view of linear valleys 275 and peak lines 277 on flat surfaces 271 and 273. In a non-illustrated embodiment, the projections may be provided to maintain the spacing between adjacent sheets. The cross flow cooling tower 10 will be used as a reference structure for the following description of the preferred embodiment of filler sheets 14 with media or film pack 12 unless otherwise indicated. The filling sheets 14 are frequently used with means 12 for heat transfer and mass transfer equipment. The alternative arrangements of filler sheets 14 of the present invention are indicated in Figures 3A to 3E, and more specifically it is considered that the filler sheets illustrated in Figures 3A and 3B, as well as 3C and 3D, are, or can be assembled as side-by-side pairs. The filler sheet structure resulting from the side-by-side assembly, which are filler sheets 50, 52 and 58, 60 will provide a sheet structure similar to the continuous individual sheet form 14 shown in Figure 3E. These side-by-side filler sheet structures can provide greater widths along the bottom edge 154 in Figures 3A to 3E. The resulting filler sheets 50, 52 or 58, 60 remain similar to the filler sheets of the individual panel 14 both functionally and structurally. The specific structures of the filler sheets 14 of Figures 3A to 3E are illustrative of filler sheets as manufactured 14 whose illustrations are illustrative and not limiting. In Figures 3A and 3B, the pair of filler sheet 50 and 52 is shown with six filler sheet panels 54 and 56 respectively, which sheets 50, 52 cooperate to provide a first filler sheet A 14 of a film package 12. The pair of filler sheet 58 and 60 with panels 54 and 56 of Figures 3C and 3D, respectively, are assembled in a similar manner to provide a filler sheet B or second 14 of the same pack of film 12. The sheets of filling 50, 52 and 58, 60 in the above-mentioned side-to-side relationship is shown with water retaining lattices integrally formed 16 on the front or air inlet side 24, and steam eliminators integrally formed 28 on the side rear or air outlet 26. Each of the panels 54 and 56, or filler sheet 14 in Figure 3E has mounting passages 70 and 72 delineated on the base sheet or panel 54, 56 and 14 which are illustrated in FIGS. Figures 7, 7A, 7B, 14 and 15. In these figures s, only passage 70 will be described although the description will be applicable to passage 72. Passage 70 in Figure 14 has a generally elliptical shape having a major axis 82, a minor first axis 84 and a minor minor axis 86. The principal axis 82 is shown offset at an angle 88 from the vertical or longitudinal axis of tower 80 which is indicated in Figures IA, 3A and 3B. In Figures 3A to 3D, the passages 70 and 72 have main axes 82 generally parallel to side edges 24 and 26, which are also offset from the vertical axis 80 by the angle 88. In Figure 14, the elliptical path of the passage 70 has the first focus 90 and the second focus 92 which are separated by the space distance 96. The circle 94 in Figure 15 has a vertical diameter along the main axis 82, a transverse diameter along the minor axis 86, as an illustration, and its center is indicated at the focus 92 within the passage 70. A geometrically more accurate description of the passage 70 in Figure 14 indicates a first tracing of the circle within a center of the focus 90 and a second circular tracing within a center in the second focus 92. The intersection of diameters 84 and 86 of their respective circles in perimeters or circumferences 98 are joined by tangential lines. These passage structures widely imply a generally elliptical shape in the layout and are therefore indicated for this description.

In Figure 7, the ellipse perimeter 98 has the edge butt 100. The fill sheet 14 in Figures 7 and 7B have unformed flat surfaces 104 in proximity to the edge 100 with an upward sloping side wall 106. The edge 100 and side wall 106 cooperate to provide the perimeter 98 of the tracing 70. Similarly, the inner formed side wall 108, which is tangentially joined to the side wall 106 at the intersection of the diameter 82, is the arched tracing of the circle 94. with the inner edge 110. The edges 100 and 110, as well as their respective side walls 106, 108, act as reinforcement or consolidation members for the reception of support rods 112, which are shown in Figures 16, 17, 18 and 19, through intersecting paths of ellipse 70 and circle 94. The cross-sectional view of elliptical tracing 70 and circle 94 in Figure 7B denotes edges 100 and 110, as well as side walls 106, 108. Mounting passages 70 and 72 are shown in the different figures as curved shapes, which are an illustration and not a limitation. The passages -470 and 472 are shown in Figures 14A and 15A with generally rectangular shapes. More specifically, the 470 passages appear as square contact paths stacked on top of each other. The diagonals 474 of the respective squares intersect in the foci 476 and 478 with the gap 96 between them. In this alternative structure, a rectangular or C-shaped channel 482 is used as a support bar. The molds 120, 122 in Figures 4A and 4B provide a field or arrangement of corrugations or chevrons 158 formed in the sheet 150, which field 158 has an iterative pattern with a plurality of rows of chevron-like shapes. In Figure 9, a schematic cross-sectional view of the corrugated or sardine-like field 158 of the planar sheet 150 refers to the arrangement of peaks and valleys of the obverse surface 151 and the reverse surface 153. The field 158 in the Figures 9 and HA are shown for three-cycle filler sheets, whose corrugated field 158 is in the form of an arrangement of planes inclined toward the vertical axis 160. The field 158 is shown as a uniform continuous curve in Figure 9 with faces or faces. inclined edges 163 and peak-to-peak profile depth 200 between the peaks or vertices 163A on either side of the flat sheet 150. In Figure 9, the faces of adjacent filler sheets 14 are labeled as face face 151 and face of back 153. However, the chevron field 158 is repeated on both sides of the sheet 150 and the description of the field 158 generally refers to any surface 151 and 153. The layout or field 158 ece for the cycle around the neutral axis 160 with peaks 163A and linear valleys 164, whose axis 160 is coplanar with the flat surface 150 and approximately normal to the horizontal axis 126. In the different previous figures, the filling sheets 14 or 50, 52 and 58, 60 have been described extensively with the corrugated or chevron-shaped upper part or on the obverse face 151 and the lower or reverse face 153. The chevrons provide an undulating surface with a repetitive peak or vertex and the pattern of valleys on the front or top face 151 and the back or bottom face 153 of each filler sheet 14 or 50, 52 and 58, 60. This pattern is generally equivalent on the obverse surface 151 and the reverse surface 153, so that only the obverse surface 151 will be described although the description will generally apply to the field 158 of the reverse surface 153. The additional reference will only be made to filler sheets 50, 52 and 58, 60, although the description is generally applicable to the single filler sheet 14. The side-by-side assembly of the sheet structures of Figures 3A and 3B is indicated as a structure A or first. Similarly, a structure B or second is indicated by the side-by-side arrangement of the sheet structures in Figures ~ 3C and 3D. The distinguishing feature between these indicated structures A and B are the specific mounting passages cut through the lines 70 and 72. More specifically, the film assembly passages A have the elliptical pattern traced by the perimeter edge 100 cut out for provide the opening 194 in Figures 3A, 3B, 17 and 19. The sheet mounting passage B has the circle pattern 94 trimmed to provide circular ports 196, as shown in Figures 3C, 3D, 17 and 19. In addition , the sheet structures A are cut or cut to length by cutting along one of the definition or cut lines 152, while the sheet structures B are provided by cutting along one of the lines. definition or cutting lines 154. The cutting line 152 or 154 used in the continuous sheet sequence as it was produced or from the filling sheets 50, 52 or 56, 70 and 14 is determined by the number or panels 54 and 56 required to provide a design length for fill sheets 50, 52 and 58, 60 and 14. The same number of panels are generally provided for both the fill sheets of structure A and B. The passages of assembly 70 and "72 are cut to receive mounting bars 112. However, the line or shape of the opening as cut 194 is an ellipse and the shape of port 94 is a circle. In Figures 17 and 19, the sheet structures A 50, 52, and the sheet structures B 58, 60 have mounting bars 112 that extend through a plurality of parallel and alternate filling sheets. In Figures 16 and 17, the side-by-side sheet structures 50, 52 are placed on the bar 112 extending along the center 92 of each aperture 194. At these positions along the focus 92, the surfaces of the chevron pattern 151, 153 of each filler sheet can be coupled against or stacked with the adjacent filler sheet surface 151 or 153 after fabrication for ease of packing and shipping. This hermetically configured arrangement of filler sheets 50, 52 and 58, 60 or 14 is shown in Figure 16 with side-by-side sheets 50, 52 and 58, 60 having their respective corrugated surfaces 151 and 153 stacked in a narrow manner. The upper edges 128 of the filling sheets 50, 52 are displaced upward by the space distance 96 from the upper edges 128 of the filling sheets 58, 60. A similar edge displacement space 96 is indicated at the lower edge 130 of the narrowly packed sheets in Figure 16 whose space distance 96 is associated with the original cutting position and the alternately cut openings 194 and ports 196. This small phase shift or space 96 is only about three percent of the length of the mold, which is significantly less than the current use of about fifteen percent of the length of the mold for stacking or attaching filler sheets 14 for storage and shipping. Therefore, the filler sheets 14 require significantly less storage space and the trimmed length is considered to improve the handling of multiple sheet stacking. When the filling sheets 50, 52 and 58, 60 are packed or stacked narrowly, the lines 210 of the peaks or vertices 163A of a first face of the filler sheet face 151 can be stacked, within the linear valleys 164 of FIG. a back side of adjacent second filler sheet 153, thereby reducing the overall volume occupied by a collection of filler sheets 50, 52 and 58, 60 or 14 provided for the film package 12. It is understood that the lines 210 appear as a continuation in Figure HA, although the 163 A peaks may be discrete, as shown in Figure 11D. The stacked fill sheets 50, 52 and 58, 60 improve the stability and strength of the individual filling sheets, while improving handling and reducing the shipping volume prior to assembly at the site. The hermetically configured sheet arrangement is also considered to improve the strength of filler sheets 50, 52, and 58, 60, which prevents damage during storage and transportation.

In the assembly or assembly of the film packages 12 in the tower 10, the film packages 12 are suspended vertically, and the filling sheets 50, 52, which have a style A structure move downward to provide bars or support bars 112 along the center 90 of each opening 194. The sheets 58, 60 are mounted on the bar 112 along the focus 92 and maintain that location in the stacked arrangement and in the state as they were assembled from the sheets 50, 52 and 58, 60, which therefore align the alternate foci 90 and 92 of the filling sheets A and B 50, 52, and 58, 60 respectively. The resulting alignment of alternating style sheets A and B 50, 52 and 58, 60, their openings 194 and ports 196, and therefore their respective focuses 90, 92 are indicated in Figure 19 for the different sheets of representative fillings 50, 52 and 58, 60. The on-site assembly provides alternating sheets in the profiled alignment of Figure 18 and in this film package configuration 12 the upper edges 128 of all the filling sheets 50, 52 and 58 , 60 are in substantial alignment. Similarly, the lower edges of the filler sheet 130 are aligned, the alignment of which is achieved by the downward displacement of the opening 194, according to the space distance 96 is equivalent to the gap 149 between the cut lines 152 and 154 The geometry of the space 96 and the gap 149 provides the peaks 163A on an obverse face 151 of a first filler sheet A or B 50, 52, and 58, 60 in proximity to the peaks 163A on a reverse side 153 of an adjacent and opposite filler sheet A or B 50, 52 and 58, 60. The fill-sheet ratio, peak-to-peak proximity and alignment are illustrated schematically in Figures 9 and 18. In FIG. Figure 18, the film pack 12 has been suspended vertically to allow the filling sheets 50, 52 and 58, 60 to assume their position and assembled relationship. As indicated above, the vertical suspension of the film pack 12 in a tower 10 allows the sheet structures A 50, 52 having the hanger bar 112 through the elliptical openings 194, to move vertically downwards until the bar position 122 generally along the foci 90 in the openings 194 while maintaining the laminate structures B along the focus 92. This orientation of the laminate structures A 50, 52 and laminate structures B 58 60 align horizontally the upper edges 128 and the lower edges 130 of the filling sheets 14 and provide the film package 12 with a substantial external appearance at the edges 24 similar to the structure of the film package 12 indicated in the Figures 1 and ÍA. The lower edges 130 are illustrated as aligned in Figure 18, although alternative fabrication methods may have noticed the lamina A and lamina B structures of unequal lengths, which would provide upper edges 128 in alignment with lower alignment edges 130. previously indicated side-by-side sheet structures 50, 52 and 58, 60 are related to the filler sheets shown in Figures 3A to 3D with individual panels and the required side-to-side splice to accommodate the filling sheets provided. for those structures. It is iteractive that the filler sheets 14 can be a single sheet structure, as shown in Figure 3E, with multiple vertical panels placed to provide a desired sheet length. The choice of individual sheet or panel structures from side to side is a choice of design and application and not a functional limitation. Therefore, the following description of the faces 151 and 153 and the resulting ratio of peaks 163A and linear valleys 164 will also be applicable to the filling sheet structures provided by assembling the individual sheet filling sheets 14 shown in the Figure 3E.

The following discussion generally relates to front and back surfaces of adjacent filler sheets. However, it is recognized that the outer face surfaces 151 or 153 of the outer filler sheets 50, 52 and 58, 60 which are the outer surfaces of a single film pack 12 do not have face surfaces from an adjacent filler sheet 58, 60 or 50, 52, respectively, as indicated in Figure 18. The width of a film pack is not limited to a specific number of filler sheets but can be any acceptable width and number of filler sheets 50. , 52 and 58, 60 or 14, to accommodate an application or cooling tower. However, the adjacent filler sheets 50, 52 and 58, 60 are parallel and the peaks of the internal filler sheet 163A of a first sheet A or B, the obverse face 151 is in proximity to, and aligned with, the peaks. 162 of a second adjacent sheet A or B of the reverse reverse side 153. The linear valleys 164 or the front surfaces 151, 153 of adjacent filler sheets A and B 50, 52 and 58, 60 are aligned in a manner similar to those in FIG. lines 210 of peaks 163A, whose linear valleys 164 are presented between aligned and adjacent peak lines 210. These alignments are evident in Figures 9 and HA. As the ratio between the filling sheets A and B 50, 52 and 58, 60 and the related peaks 163A and the linear valleys 164 is the same, only a single pair of sheets 50, 52, and 58, 60 will be described, although the Description will be applicable to the rest of the filler sheets A or B 50, 52 and 58, 60. The aligned peaks 163A and the linear valleys 164 in Figures 9 and 18 cooperate to form a plurality of channels 220, 222 that are generally horizontal . It is recognized that the openings 194, ports 196 and spacing 149 create discontinuities in pattern channels 220, 222. However, the general pattern of channels 220, 222 will be present between front surfaces 151 and 153 of adjacent filler sheets. 50, 52 and 58, 60 or 14. In addition, the indicated discontinuities may produce discontinuous channels 220, 222 that would only partially extend across the width of the adjacent filler sheets 50, 52 and 58, 60. As noted in FIG. Figure 9A, the resulting end view of a fill pack will provide channels 220, 222 between peak 163A and valley 164, although channels 220, 222 in the body of the fill pack will be out of phase with channels 220, 222 at the edge of the pack. air inlet of the filling pack. If there are a plurality of offset peaks 163A and valleys 164 in the arrangement of peaks and valleys through the sheet width of adjacent surfaces 151 to 153 of the sheets 50, 52 and 58, 60, then there will be a plurality of channels 220, 222 offset from the linearly adjacent channels at the entry edge of the infill pack. The effect of these phase shifts is to divert at least part of the air flow from its linear path at the entry edge of the infill pack. The surfaces 151 and 153 are not planar and more specifically, the obverse surface 151 in Figure 11A has a plurality of continuous edges 163 progressively descending vertically from the linear valley 164 from the top edge of the infill sheet 179. The edges 163 project out of the plane 150 to the peaks 163A on the line 210. The edges 163 are angled down or inclined on the surface 151 at angles of rotation 278 and 378 towards horizontal lines 164 and 210 and advance between peaks 163A or the peak line 210 in the plane 150 to the edge base 163B in the linear valley 164. The edges 163 continue upward from the edge base 163B and the linear valley 164 to the next peak 163A in the subsequent peak line 210 The wave motion of each edge 163 continues in and out of the flat sheet 150, although, in Figure HA, the edge 163 changes direction approximately at a ninety degree angle afterwards. and advancing in three rows or half cycles 167 of the edges 163. The angles 278 and 378 are preferably around 49 °, but it has been found that the turning angles 278 and 378 can vary between about 25 ° and 75 ° to provide an allowable turning angle for gas flow through the channels 220 and 222. The turning angles 278 and 378 are provided by observing the plane of the surfaces 151 or 153 in a perpendicular direction, as indicated by the double arrow line 15-15 in Figure 9. The rotation angles 278 and 378 provide the proper rotation toward the air flow helical, since excessive rotation, will induce excessive pressure drop through channels 220 or 222, but inadequate rotation will not induce the helical air requirement with channels 220 or 222. In addition, excessive rotation has been found to induces air movement between channels 220 or 222, which inhibits uniform operation and air transfer through fill pack 12. It should be noted that turning angles 278 and 378 are not of equal value r. The slots 165 in Figure 11A are indicated between adjacent edges 163 and advance down the obverse face 151 generally parallel to the projected lines of the edges 163. In this figure, the slots 165 are solid lines projecting downward from a line 210 of peaks 163A in the plane 150 and below the linear valley 164 to the primary valley 165B. The slot 165 continues vertically downward from the surface 151 in Figure HA and simultaneously out of the plane 150 to intersect the line 210 at the top point 165A below the apex of adjacent edge peaks 163A. The groove 165 therefore advances vertically downwardly of the obverse surface 151 in a manner almost parallel to the edges 163. Although the upper point 165A is indicated as a discrete point, the depth below the apex 163A can be very nominal and almost not perceptible. This results in the appearance of a continuous line 210. Figure 9 can be considered a cross-sectional view of the filling sheets 50, 52 and 58, 60 and in this figure the reverse face 153 of the sheet A or first 50, 52 is in confronting alignment with the obverse face 151 of the lamina B or second 58, 60. The peaks 163A of confronting surfaces 151, 153 are in close proximity to one another. In this figure, line 210 of peaks 163A and linear valleys 164 appear as lines or continuous projections in a side view from either edge 24 and 26. Linear valleys 164 are at the intersection of descending slopes of adjacent edges 163 on the surfaces 151, 153, whose edges 163 in this side view are at the first angle 276 towards the neutral axis 160 or flat surface 150. The first angle 276 is preferably "approximately 40 ° from the neutral axis 160, although may extend between about 20 ° and 60 ° The discrete peaks 163A in continuous arrangements 158 on the obverse surface 161 and the reverse surface 153 cooperate to provide peak lines 210 in Figures HA, 11B and 11C. an oblique perspective view of filler sheets 14, though, the different angles, edges 163, peaks 163A, edge bases 163B, grooves 165, linear valleys 164 and the primary valley or 165B will be individually described to provide them in an appropriate manner within the context of a single filler sheet. The repeated reference of Figure 9 will be used to orient the location of angles, planes, edges, valleys and peaks that will be described further with respect to composite angles. As noted above, the filler sheets 14 or 50, 52 and 58, 60 have a plurality of projection and angled planes, edges, valleys and peaks, which result from the formation of planar materials at composite angles in a three-dimensional layout. The neutral axis 160 is co-planar with the uniform flat sheet 150 and parallel to the vertical axis 80, whose flat sheet or surface 150 is indicated in Figure 6A. In Figures 5, 9, HA, 11B, 16 and 18, the peaks 163A project at equal distances onto the flat surface 150 of the reverse and reverse faces 151, 153. The peaks 163A occur at the junction of two edges 163 of adjacent edge rows or degrees 167, whose edges 163 have associated side walls 178. In the plan views of Figures HA and 11B the linear valley 164 and the primary valley 165B appear collinear, since the corners of the parallelograms that they form the edges, valleys and peaks are all collinear, with these respective edges and valleys. In the various figures of the preferred embodiment, the side walls 178"are approximately parallelogram shapes projecting angularly from the plane 150 as seen in Figure 11 D. Figure 12 is a sectional view illustrating a view actual relationship as formed between the side walls 178, the slot 165 and the elevation or height 181 of a chevret as formed along the edge 163. Heights 181 and 18-3 are not equivalent in Figure 9, but they can be equivalent in a specific structure of the arrangement 158. The angle 177 between the side walls 178 is likewise placed on the side of the normal 175 to the slot 165 in Figure 12. Alternatively the angle 177 can being positioned unequally from the vertical axis 175 and out of phase as seen by the dotted line in Figure 12, to one side or the other axis 175 in a fixed angular displacement or deviation from the axis 175. As a consequence, one of the side walls 178 would be larger than the other of the side walls 178. The angle of deviation 193 may vary between 0 ° and 20 ° in any direction from the axis 175. In a preferred embodiment, the angle of improvement 177 between the side walls 178 is 110 ° and the height 181 is 0.347 cm (0.137 inches) with a deviation angle of 0 or 193. The improvement includes the angle 177, may vary between about 75 ° and 145 °. In the illustrative parallelogram structure indicated in Figure 11D, the side walls 178 are shown as generally rectangular plots and can be considered to have a first and larger side along the slot 165, and a second longer and parallel side that coincides with the edge 163. In Figures 9 and 11D, the shorter third side 183 extends from the linear valley 164 to the primary valley 165B. The parallelogram shapes are broadly indicated in the plan view in Figures HA and 11B with dotted and alternating solid perimeters along the edge 163, slot 165, linear valley 164 and peak line 210. However , the angular displacement of the parallelogram shape is noted in Figure 13, which is a sectional view taken along a peak line 210 and specifically between the adjacent peaks 163A. The general shape of slot 165 is similar to the illustration of Figure 12. However, angle 179 is 118 ° and larger than angle 177, and height 183 in a specific example is 0.434 cm (0.171 inch). which is larger than the height 181. This effect from the angle 179 which is greater than the angle 177 can be considered by observing the vertical axis of the valley 175 in Figures 12 with equal angular displacement on either side of the axis 175 to provide the angle 177. Alternatively, in Figure 13, the angular displacement 287 on one side of the shaft 175 is greater than the angle 283 on the other side of the shaft 175. This results in a shorter or smaller side wall 178 in proximity to the angle 281 on one of the sides, but a greater angular displacement 281. In Figure 11D, each of the panels or side walls 178 will be considered to extend down from an edge 163 within the plane of the drawing and t erminar in a slot 165. In this figure, the longer parallelogram sides are edges 163 and grooves 165, and the shorter sides are height 183. In addition, the relative locations of the inflection points in the linear valley 164 and the primary valley 165B are indicated in Figure 11D . The intersections of panels 178 at the points or peaks 163A in Figure 11D appear as points and only as an example and not as a limitation. The peaks 163A are not acute angles but are more generally rounded corners, as indicated in Figure 9, due to the manufacturing process, whose more uniform corners help control the movement of water or coolant through the surfaces of filler sheets 151 or 153. The sharp corners along the edges 163 and at the peaks 163A are also considered to be harmful to the controlled flow of fluid on the surfaces 151 or 153, as well as the retention on the surfaces 151, 153. In Figure HA, the surface 151 has the row or category 167 of edges 163 at the top of the panel 279, whose edges 163 and associated slots 165 are tilted to the right in the figure, and outside the drawing plane to intersect a peak line 210. A second row 167 of edge 163 and slot 165 emanating from the peak line 210 is similarly slanted to the right, although in the plane of the drawing to intersect the linear valley 1 64. A third row 167 of edges 163 and slots 165 advances to the right and out of the plane of the drawing or flat surface 150, to intersect at a peak line 210. This cycle of three edge rows 163 and slots 165 is in an array ordinate 158 of three cycles, which is considered to be a preferred embodiment. Other cyclic patterns may include a multiple of two in edge cycles 163 and slots 165 as shown in Figure 11B. In addition, tests have been run with cycles of five rows or ~ edges 163 and slots 165 which are directed in a single direction. The choice of the number of cycles or rows 167 of edges 163 and slots 165 in a single direction is left to the discretion of the designer, although the number of cycles is preferably 1 and 9 cycles. The number of cycles and angles of rotation 278 and 378 impact the movement of the cooling water or the refrigerant along the surface of the obverse surface 151 or the reverse surface 153 towards any of the water retention trusses 16 or the steam eliminator 28 More particularly, in Figure HA, when the angle 278 is of greater value than the angle 378, the cooling fluid moves vertically downward in the figure that is directed towards the air inlet edge indicated by the arrows 30. Similarly, when the angle 378 is of greater value than the angle 278, the cooling fluid will be directed toward the opposite edge or air discharge. In Figure 9, the peaks or apexes 163A of the reverse surface 153 and the obverse surface 151 are in close proximity to each other, although they are not in direct contact. Such contact would inhibit and interrupt the flow of the cooling fluid on the surfaces 151 and 153, and also inhibit the contact of gas or air with the surfaces 151 and 153. The confronting relationship in the assembled state of the packing 12 results in the channels 220 and 222 that are joined between adjacent surfaces 151, 153 of adjacent style A and B filler sheets. The channels 220 and 222 are physically similar, although the edges 163 and the grooves 165 of vertically adjacent channels 220 and 222 are inclined in opposite directions. Figure 10 illustrates a channel 220 with a clockwise direction of the gas flow therein. The solid lines inclined from the peak line 210 and a linear valley 164 illustrate edges 163 and grooves 165 on the obverse surface 151, while the dotted lines represented edges 163 and grooves 165 on the reverse surface 153. Those edge sets 163 and grooves 165 on confronting surfaces 151 and 153 of the illustrated channel are inclined opposite to linear valley 164 and peak line 210. Similarly, channel 222 in Figure 9 has a counter-clockwise direction of gas flow with edges 163 and slots 165 of obverse surface 151 inclined in a direction opposite that of the illustration of Figure 10. The air inlet side or rim 24 in Figure 11B has arrows 30 indicating an inflow of air, or gas flow, the direction, whose air flow direction 30 is also indicated in Figure IA and HA. The air flow direction 30 in Figure 9 is considered to be in the plane of the paper. The channel 220 in Figure 9 has arrows directed to the right 224 indicating the movement of helical air in the channel 220, and the channel 222 includes the counter-clockwise direction arrow 226. Similar arrows are indicated in the channels remaining alternates 220 and 222 in Figure 9. The arrows 224 and 226 are indicative of the pattern of air flow stimulated between the adjacent surfaces 151, 153 of the fill sheets 14 or 50, 52 and 58, 60. The flow pattern Air 224 or 226 may be considered to be a spiral apex or precession along channel 220 or 222 from the air inlet side 24 to the outlet air side 28 as shown in Figure 1A. The helical air pattern is generally considered to induce by the direction of the arrows of the edges 163, the peaks 163A, the linear valleys 164 and the groove 165, whose confronting arrow direction 167 forms the channels 220 and 222 on the sheets A and adjacent B 50, 52 and 58, 60 which is the same. The air spiral formation in a channel 220 or 222 results in greater contact between the refrigerant fluid and the air, which provides improved heat transfer between the two media. In addition, the helical air has a low pressure drop from the air inlet side 24 to the air outlet side 28 through the infill pack 12. Figure 10 illustrates a longitudinal view along a channel 220 with the helical air flow clockwise to the air flow 30 illustrated as a sinusoidal curve. However, this linear illustration is a plan view. An illustrative analogy for consideration would be to consider the channel 220 with a V-shaped slot provided by the linear valley 164 between the lines 210 of the vertices 163A. As an image, the coiled telephone wire could extend along the valley 164 to visualize the project of a spiral airflow pattern. This is only to provide a visualization aid to assist in the perception of a spiral air flow through a channel and is not a limitation. In Figure 9, channels 220 and 222 are cross-sectional views of the channel lengths. Each of these channels has a first cross-sectional area generally between the lines indicated as edges 163 and a second cross-sectional area generally at half the distance between the edges 163 and the slot 165 of adjacent filler sheets. The first cross-sectional area is considered to be the total area of the channel 220 or 222, and the second cross-sectional area is considered to be the thick cross-sectional area. The ratio of the total area to the coarse area of the channels in the preferred embodiment is approximately 0.76, although the desired spiral formation effect is expected to be operative over at least a range of relationships between approximately 0.4 to 0.9.

The desired helical air pattern is produced in an open cell or channel 220 or 222, whose channels are generally delineated by the position of peak lines 210 and linear valleys 164. It has been found that if the surfaces of adjacent sheets 151 and 153 are too close to one another, then surfaces 151 and 153 do not generate a helical air pattern as active as desired. Alternatively, if the surfaces 151 and 153 have too large a gap 202, it may be an inhibition to keep the vertices 224, 226 within respective channels or passages 220 or 222. In Figure 9 as a specific example, the peaks 163A on surfaces 151 and 153 of fill sheet 50, 52 are separated by profile depth 200 with a peak to peak value of 1.33 cm (0.525 inches). However, the gap 202 between the neighboring peaks 163A of filler sheet surfaces 151 and 153 is only 0.571 cm (0.225 inches). The sum of the profile depth 200 and the space dimension 202 provides the space dimension 271 of 1.90 cm (0.750 inches). As noted above, if the adjacent sheet surfaces 151 and 153 are too close to one another, then the surface or surfaces are not as active as desired. Therefore, the desired relationship between the gap 202 and the profile depth is approximately 0.43, although the structure is operable over a range of relationships between 0.04 and 0.9. The aforementioned operating parameters provide measurements of the filling sheet characteristics for filling sheets 50, 52, 58, 60 or 14, for the filling package 12. In particular, the filling sheets 14 or 50, 52 and 58 , 60 are produced with edges 24 and 26 parallel to the vertical or longitudinal axis 80, although the upper edge 128 and the lower edge 130 are inclined at an angle 89, which is preferably approximately 4.8 ° although it may vary between approximately 0.0 ° and 10.0 °. In the assembly in the cross flow cooling tower illustrated 10, the filler sheets 14 or 50, 52 and 58, 60 will assume a position with the upper edge 128 and the lower edge 130 approximately parallel to the horizontal axis 126. The length of Filler sheet can be nominated only by specifying a particular number of panels 54 or 56 on a single length of a filler sheet. The individual panels 54, 56 are preferably approximately 61 cm (two feet) in length, which allows the filler sheet lengths of uniform length to be provided by a combination "of multiple panels 54, 56. The eliminator 28 The vaporizer on the mold 122 and the filling sheet 14 are shown in a cross-sectional view in Figure 6A The eliminator 28 has a generally bell-shaped curve projecting above the flat surface 150 with inclined side walls 170, the peak 172 and the reinforcing rib 174, whose rib 174 is in proximity to, and extends along the outer edge 26 between the bottom of the filler sheet 130 and the top 128. As shown in Figures 6B and 6C, the steam eliminator 28 has a plurality of double-sided C-shaped lattices 176 extending at an acute angle from the side edge 26 through the width 180 of the scavenger 28. The lattices 17 6, has inclined side walls 170 and peaks 172 that form an edge or second chevron 182 on the underside of the eliminator 173 with a peak that forms a similar deformation 172. The peaks 172, 182 and the side walls 170 of the louvers 176 reduce at least the discharge of water vapor from the tower 10 and re-direct the moisture towards the surface of the filling sheet 151. The louvers 176 also help re-direct or angle the air exiting towards the fan 18 in FIG. . The acute angle of each chevron-shaped slot 176 * provides the outer edge 186 at the outer edge 26 of each lattice 176 moved vertically on the inner edge 188 of the adjacent edge of each face 151, 153, as shown in Figure 6B, which inhibits the outward discharge of water and improves the return flow of water to the filling surface 151. The lattice 176 on the top or face face 151 can be considered to be the rear face of the lower face lattice peak 182. Similarly, the lower face slot 184 is the rear face or surface of the upper face lattice 176. The lattices 176 in this preferred embodiment are presented with a distance of separation of approximately 7.62 cm (three inches) between the louvers 176 on the obverse surface 151 and the reverse face 183 of the steam eliminator 28 are in a plurality of micro-grooves 185, as indicated in Figures 6B and 6D. micro-grooves 185 has a peak-to-peak slot height 187, which is approximately forty thousandths of a height.The micro-grooves 185 have internal edges 189 vertically below the outer edges 191, and act similar to the louvers 176 for redirecting the water to the filler sheet surface 151. The water retention louvers 16 of the filler sheet 14, and as delineated in the mold 122 in Figure 4B, are indicated in a cross-sectional view in Figure 4C with lattice peaks 190 and lattice valleys 192 between the peaks 190 on the top of the infill sheet or the obverse face 151. The displacement of material formed for the lattice of retention of water 16 results in a generally equivalent image of the top face 151 on the bottom of filler sheet or the reverse face 153 for provision of the same illustrative lattice pattern of lattice. The individual chevrons of this lattice pattern have external end points 193 of peaks 190 and valleys 192 in proximity to the lateral edge 24 and vertically shifted on the inner end point 195 of the lower adjacent chevron spike 190 or valley 192. This point offset vertical end inhibits the transfer of water from the film pack 12 at the outer edge 24 and directs the trapped water downward towards the obverse surface of the filler sheet 151. The edges or peaks 190 of a lattice section on a surface of obverse 151 are in contact with the edges 190 of a lattice section of an adjacent backsheet surface of adjoining sheet 153, thereby inhibiting the discharge of water between adjacent filler sheets 14. In the specific example indicated above for the space of separation 202 and depth of profile 200, edges 190 of the water retention lattice 16, would have a pro profile depth of 1.90 cm (three quarters of an inch). In Figure 11C, a partial oblique perspective view of the obverse surface 151 of a filler sheet 14, 50, or 58 is indicated together with the passageway as formed 70 or 72, and the louvers 16 at the side edge 24 More specifically, this panel is a three-cycle panel with an upper edge 128 cut along the dividing line 152, which would provide a section panel A 54, as shown in Figure 3A. Figure 11C provides in particular an illustration of previously observed discontinuities that generally occur in the repeating pattern of fill sheets 14 or 50, 52 and 58, 60. The discontinuities include division lines 152, and 154, ports or passages. 70 or 72, and the vertical passage 250 on the surface 151, whose passage 250 is parallel to the main axis 82 and the lateral edge 24. The reverse of the improvement pattern can create a double vertex 224 and 226 of air flow vertices in opposite directions within a channel 220 or 222. The double vertices are indicated in three of the channels 220 or 222 in Figure 9. However, the impact of these inverses on the panels and the relationship to the pattern similar to chevrons is shown in plan view in Figures 20 and 21, where there is a continuous diamond grid distribution that observes the alternate pitch cycle frequencies of three cycles and five cycles respectively. The channels 220 or 222 with the double vertices are indicated by the letter F indicating a double vertex channel in Figures 20 and 21. In the smaller step cycle of Figure 20, a greater occurrence of the double vertex phenomenon is has observed.

The passage 250, which is in the plane of the uniformed plastic sheet and the neutral axis 160 in Figure 11C, extends between the upper edge 128 and the lower edge 130 of each panel 54, 56 or filler sheet 14, 50 , or 58. The male spacers 252 extend over the face face 151, which have a height 253 and are positioned along the aisle 250 at a pre-set spacing distance 255 from the female spacer 234, as shown in the Figures. 11C and HE. The female spacers 254 also extend over the corridor obverse surface 151 of a short height 257, relative to the height of spacer 253. The adjacent male spacers 252 and adjacent female spacers 254 on the upper edge 128 in Figure 11C are indicated, closely spaced with duplicate female spacers 254 between the adjacent male spacers 252 to accommodate the alternative positions for the A and B sheet structures. Both male spacers 252 and female spacers 254 are hollow, and therefore provide open cavities in the face of reverse 153 of the filler sheets 14. As shown in Figure HE, the male spacers 252 have first cavities 259, which male spacers 252 have a generally conical shape with an elliptical base to maintain a vertical position. The female spacers 254 have a generally conical shape with a first guide section 267 and a second cavity 261 for receiving the upper end 263 of a dockable male separator 252 in final assembly of the film pack 12. The coupling of the male spacers 252 with female spacers 254 in the final assembly is easily achieved as the separation distance 255 between the adjacent male spacers 252 and the adjacent female spacers 254 equals the separation distance 96 between the spots 90 and 92 of the passage 70 in Figure 14. This equivalence places the male spacers 252, and more particularly the upper end 263 which extends from the obverse surface 151 of a first filling sheet 14, in registration with second cavities 261 of the female spacers 254 on the reverse surface 153 of an adjacent filler sheet. During shipping and storage, the filler sheets 14, or 50, 52 and 58, 60 can be fitted as illustrated in Figure 16, with spacers 252 that engage with first spacers 259 of spacers on an adjacent filler sheet. This nested configuration allows the edges 163 to engage the confronting linear valleys to decrease the volume of the film packages 12 by at least as much as a ratio of 20 to 1, which conserves space for storage, shipping and handling. The smaller offset or spacing 255, which in the previous example is about 3.81 cm (one and a half inches), allows the adjacent sheet male separators 252 to engage a cavity 259 on an adjacent filler sheet 14 in the back confronting surface 153. Historically, this housing normally required at least the length of a panel as occurred when the filling sheet structure of a packing pack 12 was pre-packaged. In the present illustration, the packing of filler sheet can be accommodated by the extension of alternate sheets approximately 3.81 cm (one and one-half inches) in a segment of filler sheet of 1.27 cm (4/8 inch). It is recognized that the length of a filler sheet 14 can be longer than the segment as it occurred, since these segments can be provided on a continuous sheet of raw material. Therefore, the increased portion required more than about 3.1 percent of the segment as occurred for example indicated, but in any case it will be less than one third of the individual formed segment as produced used to provide the filler sheet 14. The production of multiple segments to provide filler sheets 14 of various lengths will be described below. further, this tightly fitting configuration of a multiplicity of filler sheets 14 provides a substantially stronger laminated type structure for improved handling, the laminate of which can be considered analogous to plywood. The assembly of the film pack 12, the male spacers 252 and the female spacers 254 are moved from their storage positions relative to the adjacent filler sheet surfaces 151 and 153 to couple the male spacers 252 with the female spacers 254 of surfaces Reverse 153. In their coupled positions, the spacers 252 extend suitably on the obverse surface 151 to accommodate the separation distance 202 between the confronting peaks 163A on the surfaces 151 and 153. This position provides mechanical separation to ensure maintaining space 202 between adjacent filler sheets 14 and direct alignment of adjacent filler sheets 14 within filler package 12. Filler sheets 14 or 50, 52 and 58, 60 as shown in Figures 3A at 3E, they have a pattern of improvement on their respective obverse surfaces 151 and the reverse surfaces 153 Those surface patterns on the facing surfaces of adjacent A and B style filler sheets 14 are generally mirror images of one another, whose mirror image structure in the final assembly provides the channels 22Q and 222. In the Preferred embodiment, each sheet surface 151, 153 has a distance between adjacent peaks 163A on a line 210, which is indicated as step 265 in Figure Ia. The vertical cycle for the breeding pattern in Figure 11A has a repeating cycle of three rows 167 of the edges 163 inclined in the same angular direction from the horizontal axis 126. In a specific embodiment, the breeding pattern moves the water from cooling along the sheet surface 151 or 153, and in this preferred embodiment, the water moves horizontally along the sheet surface 151 or 153 one and one half steps 265, by a vertical cycle or two vertical rows 167 The step-to-step ratio is generally preferred to be any of the half-cycle ratios, such as 0.5, 1.5, 2.5 and so on. Similarly, the improved flow is provided for any of the step-by-step relationships without an integer. Filler sheets, or heat transfer medium and dough 14 are frequently formed from plastic material, such as a continuous polyvinyl chloride or PVC feed sheet, by thermoforming processes as are known in the art. The. Choosing the material for the filler sheets 14 is a design choice, and the PVC example is not a limitation. Alternative examples of the materials include stainless steel for high temperature applications, such as catalytic converters. In Figures 4A, the mold 120 is operable to form similar filler sheets 52 and 60 which are indicated in Figures 3B and 3D, respectively. The mold 120 has division lines 124 to provide the "aligned width of sheets 14 and side edges 26, the line of which indicates a location for separation or compartment.The similar molds with alternative sheet traces can be provided to produce sheet traces with lattices 16 and side edge 24 as indicated in Figure 4B, although only a larger but individual panel is illustrated.The specific width and length of any of the panels 54, 56, as well as the individual panel stroke of filler sheets 14 in Figure 3E, are available to the designer, although the illustrations of the molds 120 and 122 are merely illustrative and not a limitation of the alternatives and mold arrangements available The length of any filler sheet 14 can be provided by indicating a continuously bonded plurality of panels 54 and 56. The molds 120 and 122 are shown with side edges 24 and 26 parallel to the vertical axis 80, although the horizontal axis 126 is positioned from the upper edge of the panel 128 and the lower edge of the panel 130 by the angle 89, which is equal to the angle 88 indicated in Figures 3A and 3B. The manufacture of the filling sheets 14 provides the main shaft 82 of the elliptical passages 70, 72 parallel to the side edges 24 and 26. In Figures 4A and 4B, the molds 120 and 122 are positioned with the side edges 24 and 26 parallel to the vertical of the mold or longitudinal axis 81 for illustration of an illustrative manufacturing process and not as a limitation. In the mold configuration of Figures 4A, the mold 27 is parallel to the side edge 26, whose edge 27 will be spliced to a second filler sheet 50 or 58 to provide a filler sheet 14 of a desired width. The filler sheets 52 or 60 can be used independently of a splice sheet. The specific sheet arrangement is considered as a design selection, i.e., a side-by-side filler sheet, a one-piece filler sheet, filler sheets with or without louvers and steam eliminators, or combinations of such provisions . As noted above, the filler sheets 14 can be formed from a formable plastic sheet, which can be discrete sheets or a sheet fed continuously from a roll of plastic sheet, for example. The non-formed plastic sheet is a generally flat sheet 150 with an obverse surface 151 and a reverse surface 153. The finished or formed plastic sheet has cut lines 152 and 154 on each of the panels 54, 56 of the sheets of filling 14. The cutting lines 152 and 154 appear in the figures as "parallel double lines with a space 149 therebetween to define a linear position for cutting or separation.The cutting lines 152 and 154 are indicated on the filling sheets 50. , 52, 58 and 60 in Figures 3A to 3D.The upper cut line 152 in Figures 4A and 4B is also operable as a seal line for mold 120, 122 during manufacture.In a specific example, the lines of cutting 152 and 154 are approximately 0.95 cm (three-eighths of an inch) wide The structure of the filling sheets 14 or 50, 52 and 58, 60 is largely provided by a thermoforming process. 20 and 122 provide only a two-panel arrangement whose panels are approximately 60.9 cm (twenty-four inches) in length, thereby providing a single filler sheet of 1.27 cm (four-eighths of an inch) in length in any individual press. Although the sheets are provided in increments of 1.27 cm (four-eighths of an inch), which is the result of the arrangement of two panels, each panel 54, 56 requires only a phase shift of 3.81 cm (one and one-half inches). More specifically, as noted above, the filler sheets 14 or 50, 52 and 58, 60 are produced in a sequence A and a B, and historically this has required separate molds, or different configurations within the same mold, for each style of sheet. The sheets formed were then cut into the division lines A or B 152, 154, which were approximately 60.9 cm (24 inches) apart, thereby providing various filler sheets on separate piles or platforms. If both sheets were fitted on top of one another, the nested group would protrude from the body of the film pack 12 approximately at a mean index or 60.9 cm (twenty-four inches) in the current case. This pre-shipment assembly operation is uncomfortable and results in difficult shipping and packing problems. Alternatively, the on-site assembly of alternate fill sheets is considered to be efficient and requires maintenance and a remote assembly operation from the production cycle, which is considered an unacceptable manufacturing practice., due to the loss of control and evaluation of the finished product. The molds 120 and 122 are respectively used to provide filler sheets 14 or 50, 52 and 58, 60. It is recognized that the mold 120 does not illustrate the inclusion of the lattice segment 16, and similarly that mold 122 does not illustrate the inclusion of steam eliminator 28, which elements can be provided by insertion of the appropriate mold segment to produce the desired configuration. The illustrated molds 120 and 122 were provided as examples of available structures, not as limitations. The molds 120 and 122 are provided as assemblies of various inserts, the inserts of which provide the desired filler sheet configurations, as indicated in Figures 3A and 3E, and can be added or removed as is known in the art. In an alternative embodiment, the filler sheets 14 or 50, 52 and 58, 60 can be mounted in a counterflow cooling tower 310, which is indicated in Figure 22. The schematic illustration of the tower 310 in Figure 23 shows the arrangement of various components and sections of the cooling tower 310 with the manifold 20, the fan 18, the conduit 36 and the nozzles 40 generally indicated in the same relationship as in the tower 10 of Figure IA. In this configuration, the tower 310 is generally open in the lower section. 312 with upper section 314 having side walls 316 and support members 31 &; The air flow 30 is withdrawn in the horizontally open section 312 and the water retaining louvers 16. However, the filler sheets 14 are provided on, above the manifold 20 between the manifold 20 and the fan 18. Water or fluid from the nozzles 40 is directed over the filler sheets 14, which have peak lines 210 and linear valleys 164 positioned generally vertically for communication of the air flow through the filler sheets 14. In this Figure 9 would be considered to represent a plan view of the film-filling package 12. In this counter-flow tower 310, the filling sheets 14 do not include the integral water retention lattices 16 or steam eliminators 28 as edges. 24 and 26 are not directly exposed to an ambient volume, but are restricted within the closed upper section 314. The filling sheets 14 in the tower 310 of the F Figures 22 and 23, are positioned on either of the edges 24 and 26 on the lateral support members 318, which support members 318 are transverse to the vertical axis 80 or the longitudinal distance of the filling sheets 14 in Figure 3D. The support members 318 are held in position by ribs 320 coupled to the tower structural members 22. More particularly, the filler sheets 14 can be produced in a similar manner on molds 120 by inserting mold inserts as described previously. In a specific structure, it is considered that the sheet width 324 in Figure 3E is preferably between 40.64 cm (sixteen inches) and 60.9 cm (twenty-four inches). In this nominal width arrangement, the filling sheets 14 can be manufactured, packaged, shipped and assembled in a manner similar to the vertically suspended filling sheets described above 14. However, the filling sheets 14 in this arrangement are placed with one of the edges 24 and 26 that make contact with side members 318 and the other edge vertically placed in the tower .310. The filling sheets 14 in the tower 310 have lateral edges 24 and 26 generally parallel to the horizontal axis of the tower 390. In the tower 310, the alternate filling sheet configuration A and B is maintained as in the filling sheet arrangement vertical described above. The alignment of filler sheet A and B in the assembled structure is provided by any means known in the art including manually separating individual filler sheets after placement of a film pack 12 in tower 310 on side members 318. It is evident that the relatively narrow filling sheets 14 are capable of supporting a short height filler sheet although the maintenance of the individual filling sheets 14 in this arrangement on the edge is strengthened by the close proximity of the filling sheets 14 and the coupling of male spacers 252 with female spacers 254 for improved mechanical support. Furthermore, in this filling sheet arrangement supported by the edge assembly bars 112 are not used, which avoids the need to cut the filling sheets 14. In this horizontal arrangement of Figures 22 and 23, the filling sheets 14 have vertically oriented peak lines 210 and the corresponding linear valleys 164 between the peak lines 210 are similarly directed vertically. The horizontally assembled filler sheets 14 again have beak lines 210 of the adjacent back surface 153 and the obverse surface 151 of adjacent filler sheets 14 in close proximity and alignment to the delineated channels 220 and 222 in a configuration vertical for transfer of air flow or gas flow through the filler sheets 14. The edges 163 and the slot 165 cooperate again with the peaks 163 and the linear valleys 164 to form the helical vertices within the channels 220, 222 to improve the transfer of heat between the gases and fluids that flow. In a further embodiment, the side support members 318 may be provided in a counterflow cooling tower 10 to hold filling sheets placed vertically 14. In such a configuration, the support bars 112 may be removed and the length or height of the filler sheets 14 can be varied to accommodate the requirement gap between the vertically adjacent side support members 318. The cross flow cooling tower 10 in Figures 1 and 2 includes independent water retention louvers 16. The surface The front of the filling pack 24 is in proximity to the blinds illustrated 16 in the Figures, whose blinds 16 are shown as integral with the filling sheets 14 and operable to eliminate or inhibit the discharge of fluid 32 from the filling packages 12. notes that the water retention lattice 16 is shown as integral with the filling sheets 14 in the preferred embodiment of the fill mines 14, but the water retention lattice 16 is not required to make an integral element and can be an independent component. The individual filler sheet 14 is illustrated in Figure 3 in plan view, whose filler sheet 14 is integrally joined to the lattice structure 16 on the chevron pattern surface 151, 153 to provide the edge 24 placed from the pattern surface 151, 153 as seen in FIGS. Figure 4B and 11C. Alternatively, the lattice structure 16 can be considered to be interposed between the edge 24 and the chevron pattern surface 151, 153. The lattice structure 16 in Figure 5A has lattice blades 451, whose individual blades 451 are the pattern of repetition of elements between the same points on adjacent contact surface 457, lattice lengths 459 or front lengths 470. Lattice crouches 451 are oriented at an angle 350 relative to a horizontal line, as illustrated by lines 126 and lattice length 459 in Figure 5A, whose lattice array 16 directs the drain for fluid droplets captured to flow within the fill pack 12. Figure 4D is a cross-sectional illustration of prior art cell-type latticework 455 with a corrugated pattern 460 on the obverse face 462 and the reverse face 464 of the lattice 455. The corrugated pattern 460 has generally vertical arms or lengths 470 on both the front and back faces 462, 464, the lengths of which extend between the adjacent but opposite inclined walls 466 and 468 extending from each contact surface 457. In the assembly of a pack of Filling 12 using corrugated pattern lattice structure 455, the lattice structure and adjacent face lengths 470 of front and back faces 462 and 464 are in contact and provide a plurality of equilateral hexagonal cells 472 shown in Figure 4E. This form of equilateral cell 472 results from substantial contact between the adjacent filler sheets 14 and the lattice structure * 455, whose substance contact produces air flow and limited fluid zones. The lattice structures 455 of Figure 4D are illustrated in plan view of Figure 5A. In this example, the lattice structures 455 have the outer edge 24 and the inner edge 145, whose edge is in proximity to the obverse surface of the filling sheet 151. Each section 457 and lattice blade 451 of corrugated pattern 460 is inclined at an angle 350 towards the horizontal and extends from the outer edge 24 towards the inner edge 145. Each front length 470 at the outer edge 24 is the term of the generally planar or rectangular section 457 of the lattice 455. The section 457 it also terminates in contact length or arm 458 in proximity to the obverse and back surface of filler sheet 151 and 153. The length 459 of the lattice rectangular section 457 extends between the front length 470 and the contact length 458. In the illustration of Figure 5A, the front length 470"and" the contact length 458 are the shortest extremities of an upper segment in lattice-shaped lattice 455 with the segment longer or lattice length 459 which joins the shorter rhomboidal ends 458 and 470. As a clarification, it is noted that in Figure 5A, the beveled region 464 has the upper arm 465 extending from a point 463 at length of the lower lattice length 459 towards the vertically superior extremity 469 of the internal contact length 458 along the inner edge 145. The beveled region 464 thus presents a discontinuity towards the rectangular section of lattice 457 but appears as a segment flat in a plan view. Consequently, full contact of lattice sections 457 is provided along lattice length 470, which generates the appearance of hexagonal cells 472 in Figure 4E. In general, lattice blades 451 and lattice sections 457 are tilted downwardly from outer edge 24 toward inner edge 145 at an angle 350. It is desirable to minimize the value of angle 350 to facilitate the ingress of air towards and passing the filler sheet surface 151 and 153. The specific combination of the angle 350 and the lattice length 459 provides a covering distance 454 in Figure 5A that is to say, the dimensional value of the vertical protection provided by each individual lattice cell 472 for fluid retention in the cooling tower 10 or infill pack 12, and in FIG. 5A the distance 454 is the vertical height between the endpoints of the lattice length 459_ on the outer edge 24 and the inner edge 145. Another physical dimension of the lattice structures 16 and 445 includes the lattice height 462 in Figure 5A which is the vertical distance between the similar positions of adjacent rectangular sections 457. Lattice height 462 can be considered to be an open height repeat pattern 456 and contact length or height 458. Open height 456 and contact height 470 cooperate with similar segments of adjacent lattice knives 451 is say lattice sections 457 on adjacent adverse and reverse surfaces to form the cellular structure illustrated in Figure 4E. The relationships between the different lengths and dimensions influence the lattice operating capacity and these relationships can be used as determination guides in the 455 or 16 evaluation structures. A design guide or design parameter is nominated as an observation line relationship , that is to say the relation between the cover 454 and the open height 456. This observation line relationship is considered to be indicative of the protection measure against the horizontal movement of the fluid drops. As an example of the use of this design parameter, it is considered that a droplet of falling fluid makes contact with the angular surface can displace or bounce in a direction with a horizontal and vertical component. This displacement distance is a function of the vertical fall distance. The maximum distance that a drop of fluid can fall within the lattice structure or region is open height 456. In a line of sight ratio of 1.0, the potential vertical displacement of a drop of fluid to the distance necessary to traverse the The height of the lattice would be the same. Therefore, the higher the observation line ratio, the greater the difference between the maximum drop bounce and the vertical distance required to exit the lattice structures 455 at the entry edge 24. In consideration of this physical characteristic, the determination of a first lattice pattern with a first line-of-sight relationship as the reference ones, a second lattice pattern with a greater open height 456 or higher lattice height 462 would require greater coverage distance 454 to provide the same degree of prevention against the fluid drop discharge, that is, the same observation line ratio. This condition can be achieved by a change in the angle 350 for the same lattice length 457 or by increasing the lattice length 459. Both alternatives are considered to have a negative impact on the efficiency or cost of the lattice 455. In the reverse direction, the reduction of the lattice height 462 can result in the maintenance of the first observation line relationship and is considered to provide a more effective and compact lattice arrangement 455. The current lattice structure 16 is operable over a range of lattice relations. Observation line between 0.70 and 3.0. However, in the present lattice structure 16 or 455 in Figure 5A, the contact surface 454 is combined in the beveled region 464 from the full width of the surface 457 at a point 463 of the lattice length 459 to a contact knitted 469 on inner edge 145. In this configuration, a drop of fluid may fall in from the lattice structure or region from point 469 of a top lattice section to the next lower point 469 on an adjacent lattice section 457 Therefore, the maximum vertical distance that a drop of fluid can fall within the lattice region is lattice height 462. Consequently, the coverage height ratio 454 at the lattice height 462, as a second mediation of design parameters, is another appropriate descriptor or measure of the level of protection achieved by a lattice of water retention. The coverage ratios between about 0.70 and 3.0 is the coverage scale provided by the present invention for various contact heights 470 and heights 454. Figure 5A shows an existing cell-type lattice arrangement, which is shown in FIG. edge view in Figure 4D. Typical structural characteristics of the corrugated pattern 460 include angled lengths 466 and 468, as well as vertical lengths 470. The vertical lattice lengths 470 contact adjacent lattice lengths of adjacent infill sheet 14 to the assembly within the lattice package or package of filler sheet 12. The lattice structure 16 or 455 in the present description is indicated as an integral component of filler sheets 12, and therefore are included within the packing packages in the assembly of the tower 10 in the embodiment In the lattice package assembly, the vertical lengths 470 contact adjacent lattices of adjacent filler sheets at their respective vertical lengths 470. In an existing assembled arrangement, the adjacent angled lengths 466, 468 and the vertical lengths 470 are equal and cooperate to provide a plurality of hexagonal cells generates 472 in Figure 4E. In this cellular arrangement of Figure 4E, cells 472 have an open cell width 475 and an open cell height 476, whose width ratio 475 at height 476 or aspect ratio, provides an additional descriptor of lattice structure with a cellular type structure and more particularly lattice structure 16 or 455. In the present embodiment, this cell aspect ratio may be between 0.50 and 2.5. However, it is preferred that the aspect ratio be about 1.0 and preferably about 2.0. Specifically, the illustrated equilateral cell shape 472 of Figure 4E induces the substantial contact area on the surface or blades 457 between adjacent louvers 16, or 455 of filler sheet 14. The adjacent louvre contact regions create areas where the air flow and fluid flow are limited, which results in little or no discharge action through the cells 472. The regions of limited flow, or low discharge action, through the foil packages Fillers are considered conductors to mineral deposition and biomass growth, which are undesirable conditions. The aspect ratio observed in the lattice structure of the present disclosure is greater than 1.0, which implies that the width of cell 475 is always greater than the height of cell 476. Figure JE shows an extreme view of a lattice design typical with lattice blades 451 and sections 457 that slope downward and inward toward the surface of filler sheets 151 and 153, as illustrated in Figure 5A. The inclination of the sections 457 is indicated as an angle 450 from the horizontal. It is desirable to minimize the value of the angle 350 to provide ease of air entry into the lattice structure 16 and the infill sheet pack 14. However, the lattice structures 16 or 455 are designed to retain the fluid inside the tower 10 preventing discharge or splashing of fluid circulation on the surface of filler sheets 14 or other lattice cooling tower means 451. The length of contact surface or lattice knife 457 multiplied by the geometric sine from an entrance angle 350 closely approximates the cover height 454.//// This is dimensional value or tolerance of the vertical drop of fluid provided by each individual lattice cell 472 against the discharge of "fluid or splash" " The previous description, as well as the line of sight and aspect relationships described, broadly imply that lattice design with greater open height 465 or fall distance 462 will require proportionally greater coverage distances 454 to provide equivalent protection for the prevention of "fluid splash" . In Figures 6E and 6F, an alternative compressed non-equilateral cell lattice design 480 with rib 482 is illustrated on the outer edge 24, which is an illustration of the lattice structure 16 d of the present disclosure. In Figure 6E, the lattice height 470 is indicated as significantly shorter n length than any inclined wall 466 or 468. The illustrated vertical end view of the rib 482 which can be considered as a central axis 467 and used as a plane reference. In this embodiment, rib 482 provides a degree of stability or stiffness to improve alignment between adjacent lattice structures 455 in a compact design with relatively minimal contact area along rectangular sections 454 and contact lines 470. In Figure 6F, the contact height 458 is illustrated as being significantly shorter than the open height 456. As a consequence, for the same angle 350, the lattice length 459 could be reduced while the water retention performance of the lattice 16 is at least equal to the predecessor lattice structures mentioned above, whose improved structure results in both space and cost savings. An assembled high-efficiency lattice arrangement 16 is illustrated in Figure 7 in an end view, and illustrates a hexagonal array of shapes, which is not composed of equilateral hexagonal cells. In particular, the cell width 475 is greater than the cell height 476. In this lattice assembly 455, the water retention characteristics of requirement can be determined while reducing lattice assembly width 455 between the outer edge 24 and the inner edge 145. Steam eliminators 28 are indicated and described above with respect to Figures 6A, 6B, 6C and 6D.

Figure 3F illustrates the additional features of the scavengers 28 where the first steam scavenger sheet 510 and the second steam sheet 512 have shaping shapes cooperating to provide a zone or channel 514 for transfer of air cut by fluid from the medium of cooling tower, such as the infill sheet pack 12, to a central region of the tower 10 for communication by passing the fan 18 in Figures 1, IA and 22. However, it is undesirable to transport the cooling fluid from the medium from the cooling tower 10 to the surrounding environment. Thus, the steam scavengers 28 are used in cooperation with filler means or sheets 14 to capture the moisture that enters with the air or fluid for redirection towards the filler sheet surface 151, 153 and the collector 20. In a Typically bell-shaped eliminator of the prior art, the hood shape of the eliminator would result in the air stream traversing through the channels 514 contacting the same angle that changes if the displacement from the first end 522 to the second end 524 or vice versa. This bell-shaped eliminator was functional and provides vapor removal to a nominal degree, although it was not considered an optimal design for fluid drop capture and control. The view in Figure 3F demonstrates the broad concept of a curved or generally bell shaped steam eliminator 28 from an upper edge of the view of Figure 6A, whose shape has been used for counterflow and towers cross flow style 10. Although it is recognized that the infill sheet pack 12 includes a plurality of vapor eliminators on the inner edge 26 which cooperate to form a plurality of channels 514, only one of the channels thus formed 514 will be described . In this illustration, air transporting moisture is indicated at the inlet port 531 of channel 514 by arrow 532 and discharge air is indicated at outlet port 534, by arrow 536. Steam eliminators 28 are used for removing fluid droplets, which are more frequently water although they may be of another type of fluid, from the air stream that transports fluid 532 passing through cooling towers 10, or other liquid interface device to direct gas. The impact of the heavier fluid droplets on a side wall of scavenger blade 526 or 528 after a change in direction of air stream 532 is considered to be a consequence of the greater momentum of the heavier fluid droplets. Such droplets impact the side wall 526 or 528, agglomerate and flow generally along the side wall 526 or 528 to return to the filler sheet surface 151 or 153 and the collector 20 in Figures 1 and IA.

Figure 3G is an illustration of a current design of a steam eliminator 511, the implemented design of parallel straight wall sections to allow equalization and stabilization of the fluid carrying air stream 532 enters the 531 entry station and the channel 514. The channel 514 is joined by the upper side wall 526, an obverse surface of the first sheet 510, and the lower side wall 528, a reverse surface of the second sheet 512. In the illustration of Figure 3G the current of air 532 obtains initial equalization and stabilization in the base zone 560, which has generally parallel wall segments. The initial change of direction of the air stream 532 is indicated at the first inclination angle 516, which is + 40 ° from the vertical line 518 and induces the acceleration of the air stream velocity, v. In this example, the accelerated velocity, v-1 is indicated v / cosine of the angle 516 or 1.305v, in the first velocity equalization and acceleration zone 520. The positive + and - negative symbols implying a diametric change of direction from the vertical reference line 518, that is, the + positive that implies movement to the right and the - negative that implies movement to the left in the figures. The acceleration of the air stream was also induced towards the droplets of fluid that entered resulting in the same velocity of air and fluid. As noted, if the velocity of the inlet air stream v, has a value of 1.00, which can typically be in the order of 212.8 meters per minute (700 feet). After impact with a side wall, the air stream 532 continues to flow through the channel 514. The air stream 532 leaving the zone 520 is about 1.30 times the inlet velocity v, downstream of the first zone of impact 544 and past the recovery of the largest fluid droplets. The accelerated air stream continues through channel 514 to contact the lower wall 528 in the second impact zone 546 with the deposition of moderately dimensioned fluid particles on wall 528. Channel 514 is redirected in a negative direction in the second direction change angle 548, which is about -90 °. At this point, the air stream 532 enters the third equalization and velocity acceleration zone 550 at the third inclination angle 530, which is about -50 ° from the vertical line 518, and thus induces an acceleration at the air flow velocity, v-2, which is v / cosine of the 530 or 1.556v angle. The air stream 532 is then redirected at the third angle of. direction change 537, which is about + 35 ° from its direction of travel, to the air deceleration zone 554 and the exit port 534 in the second 524. The fluid carrier air stream continues downstream in the channel 514 and again impact top wall 526 in third impact zone 552 where finer and smaller fluid dripping particles are deposited for return to the surface of filler sheets 151 and 153 and the collector. The air stream 532 at the outlet port 534 is inclined at a slight angle 558 which is about -15 ° from the vertical line 518. The sum of the total angular changes experienced by the air stream 532 specifically the first angle of inclination 516 to 40 °, the second angle of change of direction 548 to 90 °, and the third angle of change of direction 537 to 35 ° is 165 ° on the length of the channel in the form of coil 514. This existing eliminator is Asymmetric with the second inclination angle greater than its first inclination angle, thus allowing the elimination of successively smaller fluid droplets. However, additional improvements in the scavenger structure have been incorporated to improve fluid recovery and to further reduce pressure drops through channel 514 for better efficiencies and operation. As a comparative reference condition, a shaping steam eliminator in generally bell-shaped or curved-contour shape has the first inclination angle 516 and the second inclination angle 530 approximately equal. There was an induced air acceleration in a bell-shaped contour eliminator with consequent changes in the moment for the air flow and the drops of fluid that entered, although it is desired to improve these characteristics. Removal of small fluid droplets requires an increase in moment between successive downstream adjacent sections of channel 514. The steam eliminator 28 in Figure 3F incorporates the underlying concept of an asymmetric shape while reducing the pressure drop across of the eliminator from the input port 531 to the output port 534. Specifically, the improved eliminator 28 includes an asymmetric shape with different airflow changes of different angular value in proximity to the entry 531 and the exit port 534. Three Impact zones to impact the air stream and progressively capture smaller fluid droplets; a second overlapping impact zone for the discharge region to ensure the total impact of the fluid from the second impact zone; reduction of the total angular changes for the air stream 532 changes more gradually the direction of the air stream; and, the impediment of a phase shift for the discharge port 534 from the input port plane 531, which was required to direct the output air stream at an angle of 15 °, as noted above. This improved design has a first angle of inclination 516 of about + 35 °, a second angle of direction change 548 of about + 75 °, a second angle of inclination 530 of about -40 °, and a third angle of change of direction of about + 40 ° to produce a discharge angle 558 of 0 ° at the output port 534. The total angular changes experienced by the air stream 532, specifically the first inclination angle 516, the second angle of change of direction 548 , and the third direction change angle 537 add a total angular change of 150 °. This change in total angularity together with the uniform transitions result in a less severe pressure drop for the eliminator. Those changes incorporated with the S-shaped slot 176 and the micro-grooves 185 provide improved fluid retention and redirection to the filler blades 12, improved steering control for the air stream and pressure drop across the channel eliminator 514 from the inlet port 531 to the outlet port 534, and consequently the transportation of the improved air stream through the eliminator 28. While only some specific embodiments of the invention have been described and shown, it is evident that Several modifications and alterations can be made to it. Therefore, it is the intention of the appended claims to cover all such modifications and alterations insofar as they may fall within the true scope of the invention.

Claims

REVINDINGS 1. A fluid lattice lattice assembly for heat transfer devices and mass transfer with a refrigerant fluid, the lattice assembly is characterized in that it has a plurality of lattice structures, each lattice structure provided on a material of base, the base structure comprising: an upper edge, a lower edge, an inner edge and an outer edge, an obverse surface and a reverse surface, the inner edge, and the outer edge generally parallel and cooperating for define a reference plane between the internal and external edges; a plurality of lattice blade for retaining fluids on each obverse surface and reverse surface, each lattice blade having a first contact arm with a first arm length in proximity to the inner edge, a front arm with a length of front arm in proximity to the outer edge, each first contact arm and the front arm having an upper end and a lower end, a first contact lattice section having a first lattice section length, and a second section length lattice, at least one of first lattice section length and second length extending between a pair of contact arm and upper end of front arm and contact arm and lower ends of front arm; the contact arm, the front arm and the contact lattice section moved from the reference plane at a normal distance to the reference plane on one of the front and back surfaces; a first wall with a first wall length that slopes from a contact lattice section towards the regency plane at a first angle, and a second wall with a second wall length that slopes from the contact section towards the plane of regency at a second angle generally opposite the first angle, a second contact lattice section and a third contact lattice section placed from the reference plane at a second normal distance in an opposite direction from the first contact lattice section , the first inclined wall intercepting one of the second and third contact lattice sections, the second inclined wall intercepting the other of the second and third contact lattice sections, the first and second inclined walls and the first lattice section of contact that cooperate to define a valley on the surfaces of front and back, the first wall length of the inclined wall and the second wall length which is - greater than the front arm length and the first arm length, the plurality of lattice crouches placed in an alternate arrangement with the valley between each pair of lattice contact surfaces. The contact lattice sections, the lattice blades and the valleys inclined downward at an angle from the outer edge to trap and retain fluid droplets within the heat transfer and mass transfer devices; each lattice structure operable to cooperate with an adjacent structure to provide the contact lengths and the lattice contact sections of one of the front and back surface of the lattice structure to contact the lattice sections and the lengths of lattice. contacting another surface of the front and back of the adjacent lattice structure to define a cell matrix in a non-equilateral manner between the adjacent lattice and contact blades and the lattice sections of lattice structures in lattice assembly.
2. The lattice structure of fluid retention according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises the front length of the lattice blade having a vertical top point in proximity to the outer edge, the first contact length of the lattice having an upper vertical point in proximity to the inner edge, the front length and vertical points of contact length cooperating to define the vertical distance between them as a height of coverage, the first section of lattice section length of a first lattice blade and a second lattice section length of an adjacent lattice blade of the lattice structure cooperating to define the vertical distance between them as an open height, the structure cover height lattice to the open height that cooperates to define a line of sight relationship for the lattice structure, the lattice structure that has a line of sight ratio between approximately 0.70 and
3.0. 3. The lattice structure of fluid retention according to claim 2, characterized in that the observation line ratio is greater than 0.70. The lattice structure for fluid retention according to claim 1, characterized in that the second contact lattice section and the third contact lattice section are separated by a cell height, the structure contact lattice sections. adjacent lattice cells of a matrix cell that cooperate to define a cell width, the cell width for the cell height that cooperates to define an aspect ratio between approximately 0.50 and 3.0. The lattice structure for fluid retention according to claim 1, characterized in that the second contact lattice section and the third contact lattice section are separated by a cell height, the structure lattice contact sections. of adjacent lattice of a cell of the matrix cooperating to define a cell width, the cell width for the cell height cooperating to define an aspect ratio greater than 1.0. 6. The lattice structure for fluid retention according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a plurality of lattice structures placed in a stacked arrangement wherein the front lengths and the lattice section of the lattice blades of a lattice The obverse surface of a first lattice structure makes contact with adjacent face lengths and contact lattice sections of a back surface of an adjacent lattice structure in the stacked array of lattice structures, such lattice contact sections, sloping walls , contact lengths and front lengths cooperating to define a non-equilateral cell structure between adjacent lattice structures of the stacked array for fluid retention in the heat transfer and mass transfer devices and air communication through the array 7 A structure of eliminator d e) Asymmetric steam for capture and retention of the fluid that enters a current of air passing through the eliminator of the heat transfer and mass transfer devices, the vapor eliminating structure characterized in that it comprises: a plurality of vapor eliminating elements , each element having an obverse surface, a reverse surface, a curved cross section, an upper edge, a lower edge, an inner edge and an outer edge, each element having a curved contour between the inner and outer edge, the inner edge and the outer edge generally parallel; the plurality of vapor eliminating elements placed in an adjacent and frontal relationship to provide the vapor stripping structure with the obverse surface of each stripping element parallel to a reverse surface of an adjacent vapor stripping element within the structure, the adjacent curved contours of adjacent eliminating elements cooperating to define an air transfer channel therebetween, each channel having an inlet port, a base zone, a first zone of acceleration and equalization, a second zone of acceleration and equalization , a deceleration zone, an exit port and at least three impact zones for capturing the cooling fluid that enters to return it to the tower, an impact zone downstream and upstream of each release and equalization zone; the port of entry and exit port that generally has horizontal planes through the entry and exit ports, the horizontal sides, a vertical axis that extends between the horizontal planes, the channel that has a first angular direction change for the flow of air flow from the inlet port and the base zone to the first zone of acceleration and equalization, which is included in a first angle of inclination towards the vertical axis, a second change of angular direction in the channel to communication of the air flow downstream of the first zone of acceleration and equalization for the second zone of acceleration and equalization, whose second zone of acceleration is inclined at a second angle of inclination towards the vertical axis, a third change of angular direction in the channel for communication of the air flow from the second zone of acceleration and equalization for the deceleration zone and the port of output, the second angle of inclination which is greater than the first angle of inclination, the first, second and third change of channel angular direction summed a change of total angular direction less than 160 ° for the channel. 8. The asymmetric vapor eliminating structure for capturing and retaining the fluid that enters an air current passing through the eliminator of the heat transfer and mass transfer devices according to claim 7, characterized in that the elimination structure of steam further comprises: a plurality of first groove provided on each obverse and reverse surface element, each first groove having a first groove depth, the first grooves inclined down towards the end edge towards the inner edge, the first generally placed parallel from the upper edge to the lower edge in the vapor eliminator, at least one separation distance provided between first adjacent grooves; a plurality of second grooves with a second groove depth less than the first groove depth; at least one of the grooves provided between each adjacent pair of first grooves, whose second grooves are provided approximately at the inclination of the first grooves, slots and steam eliminators operable to capture the fluid from the air stream and direct the fluid captured within the heat and mass transfer devices. 9. The fluid retention vapor removing structure for heat transfer and mass transfer device according to claim 8, characterized in that the channel and the deceleration zone are generally normal to the outer edge at the outlet port 10. The fluid retention steam removing structure for heat transfer and mass transfer device according to claim 8, characterized in that the first slot has an S-shape, whose first slot generally extends between the inner edge and the edge external of the curved contour of the eliminating element. 11. The fluid retention vapor scavenging structure for heat transfer and mass transfer device according to claim 8, characterized in that the first S-shaped groove extends over the obverse surface and the reverse surface through the eliminating element between the inner edge and the outer edge. 12. The fluid retention steam removing structure for heat transfer and mass transfer device according to claim 8, characterized in that the first downward groove is inclined from the outer edge towards the inner edge at an acute angle from the inner and outer edges, the acute angle between approximately 25 ° and 75 °. 13. A filler sheet for film-filling packages of heat transfer and mass transfer devices, the device having means for transferring gas and fluid flow through the filling packages, each filling package having At least two of the filler sheet, the filler sheets are characterized in that they comprise: each filler sheet having a reference plane, each filler sheet having an obverse surface and a reverse surface, a plurality of edges and slots, each edge and groove having a first end and a second end, the plurality of edges and grooves placed in a plurality of classifications of the edges and grooves, each surface of the front and back surface having an arrangement formed with a pattern of repetition of the classifications of edges and grooves, each classification having at least one vertex on the plane of regency and at least a valley below the reference plane, one of the first ends and second ends of each edge and groove ending at one vertex vertically above the reference plane on each surface of front and back, the other of the first ends and second ends of each edge and groove extending to at least the valley below the reference plane, each filling sheet that can be placed in a packing pack to provide the vertices and valleys of an obverse and reverse surface in confronting alignment substantial with the vertices and valleys of another front and back surface of an adjacent filler sheet to define a plurality of channels between the front and back surface of adjacent filler sheet, each filler sheet having a first side edge, a second lateral, an upper edge and a lower edge, the classifications of edges and grooves that extend generally between the first mere and second lateral edges, each surface of front and back gives each classification having at least one discontinuity that defines at least one offset of the classifications between the first edge and the second edge on each edge of the phase shift that defines at least a second discontinuity in the channels between the first edge and second edge, the second discontinuity in the channel that deflects at an angle at least a portion of the gas flow in the channel at discontinuity with the matching ratings of the peaks aligned separated by a separation interval. 1
4. A separation arrangement for heat transfer and mass transfer devices having film filling packages, filling packages having at least two adjacent filling sheets and means for placement, each filling sheet having a first lateral edge, a second lateral edge, an upper edge, a lower edge, a longitudinal axis and a transverse axis, the separation arrangement characterized in that it comprises: each filling sheet has an obverse surface and a reverse surface, a plurality of male spacers and a plurality of female spacers, the male spacers placed on one of the front and back surfaces, the female spacers placed on an obverse and reverse surface, the male spacers and the female spacers on sheets of adjacent filler sheets engageable in the engaged position and cooperating to define a predetermined phase shift in one of the adjacent male spacers and female spacers on the front and back surface of a filler sheet, the male spacers and the female spacers on each front and back surface of sheet engagable with the male and female spacers, respectively of an adjacent padding sheet in a nested position, the adjacent filler sheets which can be moved between a slotted position and an operating position. Adjacent filler sheets that can be translated in the operating position to provide the male spacers and female spacers of an obverse and back surface of the filler sheet in alignment with the respective female spacers and male spacers in the other of the front and back surfaces of an adjacent filler sheet. 1
5. A separation arrangement for heat transfer and mass transfer devices having film filling packages with at least two adjacent filler sheets and means for placement, each filler sheet having a first side edge, a second lateral edge, an upper edge, a lower edge, a longitudinal axis and a transverse axis, such separation arrangement is characterized in that it comprises: each filling sheet having an obverse surface and a reverse surface, a plurality of male separators which on one of the front and back surfaces and open on the other of the front and back surface, the male spacers on each of the surfaces of the filler sheet engageable with the male spacers of an adjacent filler sheet a fitted position, the adjacent filler sheets that can be moved between a nested position and a position In operation, the male spacers operable to contact the other of the obverse and back surface of an adjacent filler sheet to provide a gap between an adjacent filler sheet. SUMMARY A film-filling package has a plurality of filler sheets with an array of edges and grooves extending generally on a flat surface on both the front and back surfaces of a filler sheet, the filler sheets in a assembled provide the edges and grooves of the confronted front and back surfaces of adjacent filler sheets in an arrangement that provides a plurality of channels between adjacent filler sheets for gas flow therethrough and where the ordered array of edges and grooves induces the spiral formation of the gas flow through the channels for enhanced heat transfer promotion; and, wherein the filler sheets further include a separation arrangement that provides a compact fit of adjacent sheets with minimum displacement from sheet to sheet on at least two of the edges for compact handling, transfer and storage with self-separation of sheets of Adjacent fill in the fill pack assembly. Filling packages generally utilize lattice latches at a gas inlet site to maintain the refrigerant fluid within the infill package structure, whose lattices described have specific relationships as well as their angularity, height and length to minimize their volume while operating characteristics are maintained, and steam eliminators at the air discharge locations are operable to minimize the discharge of refrigerant entering with the gas to retain the fluid within the refrigeration apparatus with control of the angles of the slots of the steam eliminator, the structural cross section of the slots and the use of the micro-slots.