MXPA99010880A

MXPA99010880A - Filling package of film for induction of helicoidal gas flow in heat transfer and mass contact appliance with auto separation filling plates

Info

Publication number: MXPA99010880A
Application number: MXPA/A/1999/010880A
Authority: MX
Inventors: P Carter Thomas; H Harrison Richard; F Garrish Bryan; l ferrari Sarah
Original assignee: Baltimore Aircoil Company Inc
Priority date: 1998-11-25
Filing date: 1999-11-24
Publication date: 2000-12-06

Abstract

The present invention relates to a filling sheet for film filling packages of heat transfer and mass transfer devices, the devices have means for transferring gas and fluid stream through the filling packages, each filling package has at least two filler sheets, the filler sheets comprise: each filler sheet has a reference plane, each filler sheet has an obverse surface and a back surface, a plurality of ridges and grooves, each ridge and The groove has a first end and a second end, the plurality of ridges and grooves are arranged in a plurality of ridge and groove classifications, each surface of the front and back surface has an array formed with a pattern of repeating the classifications of crests and grooves, each classification has at least one point above the reference plane and at least one valley below the reference plane, one of the first and second ends of each ridge and groove ends in a single point vertically above the reference plane on each surface of the front and back, the other of the first and second ends of each ridge and groove extends to the at least one valley below the reference plane, each filling sheet positioned in a packing pack to provide the pencils and valleys of one of the front and back surfaces in substantial confrontation alignment with the pencils and valleys of one of the other front and back surfaces of an adjacent filler sheet to define a plurality of channels between the obverse and back surfaces of adjacent filler sheet, the clashing classifications of aligned peaks separated by a separating aperture

Description

PACKAGE OF FILM FILLING FOR INDUCTION OF GAS FLOW HELICOIDAL IN HEAT TRANSFER AND CONTACT DEVICE MASS WITH FILLING PLATES OF SELF SEPARATION DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a liquid and gas contact apparatus for heat transfer and mass transfer apparatus. More specifically, the invention relates to the heat and mass transfer medium, or film packing pack, used within the cooling tower as a gas-liquid contact apparatus for cooling a heat transfer fluid. The heat and mass transfer medium, or packing pack material is generally oriented vertically with the flow of fluid over the material and a stream of air is directed transversely through the stacked or loose material. of separate packing pack to interact with the fluid for heat and mass transfer. The filler pack material generally provides a structural apparatus that inhibits the fluid flow rate between a fluid feeder device in the upper portion of the tower to a manifold at its lower level, which inhibited fluid flow. increase the contact time between the fluid and the air or gas moving in the transverse direction. _ Various structures, materials and physical arrangements have been provided in an attempt to improve the interaction between gas or air and fluid in the fill pack materials. This will promote the efficiency of the heat and mass transfer operation and therefore the efficiency of the heat and mass transfer devices, such as the cooling towers. The thermal efficiency of a cooling tower is related to the mass of air flowing through the tower, the fluid-air interface per unit of fluid flowing through the tower, and also the degree of turbulence in the tower. flow of air and water adjacent to the interface. An attempt to accommodate a greater interaction between the aixe and the fluid, and therefore increase the efficiency of the tower is noted in. U.S. Patent No. 3,286,999 to Takeda. In this structure, the alternative arrangements of corrugated reinforcement in bands across the filler strip are illustrated, ie, with or without planar strips, but both arrangements have hollow arrangements that extend over the corrugated surfaces. The sheet material may be a polyvinyl chloride with a specified bandwidth and slot inclination. A clamp ensures that the fine powder fills the filler sheet surfaces. It is determined that the fine powder or other material acts as a wetting agent to distribute the water on the surface of the sheets. In addition, the improvement of surface wetting is proposed by the addition of a surfactant to water. U.S. Patent No. 4,548,766 to Kinney, Jr. , et al., describes a filler sheet formed for cross flow water cooling towers, whose filler sheet has a repeating chevron pattern with edges on one face of the sheet defining the grooves on the other face. An improvement in heat transfer is attributed to the angularity of the edge sections one with respect to the other, the vertical height of the pattern, the transverse angularity of the edges and the separation of the adjacent sheets. The W-shaped spacers projecting in opposite directions from each of the sheets have complementary notches to receive the end portions of the spacer to hold the adjacent sheets in the required horizontal spacing ratios. These spacers are angled to provide minimum interference of the air flow. The pattern in the form of a chevron is repeated in alternative rows of angled edges and grooves. However, there are circular grooves placed along vertical lines on opposite sides of the sheet and are operable as ejectors for receiving support bars. The use of the separators in the form of are determined to assist the assembly of the filling package at the tower site by avoiding the filler requirement of the filling material. _ The Patent of the United States. Do not . __ 3, 599, 943, for Munters teaches a product of contact filler material with a corrugated structure of pleats or folds. _ The contact fillers are vertically thin layers or sheets formed with folds each passing through adjacent layers. The layers may be celluloses or asbestos impregnated with a stiffening or reinforcing substance, such as a resin. The crossed folds support each other to form channels with wide and continuously variable both vertically and horizontally. This is intended to improve air to water contact to make water cooling more effective. A similar glued section of filler material is illustrated in U.S. Patent No. 3,395,903 to Norback, et al. The corrugated sheets of the material have the corrugated at an angle with the sheets joined together at their edges and provide channels between the corrugated layers. A thin sheet material with alternating corrugations, which flexes transverse to its plane along a plurality of lines transverse to the corrugations, is shown in U.S. Patent No. 3,540,702. A plurality of the sheets are joined back to back so that the flexed portions of adjacent plates extend in opposite directions to form large gas flow passages with the corrugations forming flow passages for a liquid. Another illustration of a corrugated and angularly slotted filler sheet is shown in U.S. Patent No. 4,361,426 to Carter et al. The angularly grooved filler material is separated by extending horizontally, corrugated and vertically oriented with its improved surface by alternating angled grooves. This material increases the exposed wet surface area of the fill and causes air turbulence in the passages between the fill sheets. The purpose of the improved flow and surface areas was to increase the contact time of air and water to increase the thermal performance of the fill material. A coil filler packing material is described in United States Patent No. __4, 518, 544 a Cárter et al., Whose filling material _is composed of individual lateral sheets that have serpentine or sinusoidal shapes with ridges or edges. The adjacent sheets have the sinusoidal forms in directly opposite paths. The sheets are supported or held in place by a male locator of separation knob on one edge of any sheet and a female locator of separation sleeve with a valley of any sheet. The groove width varies constantly in an edge or valley from the bottom to the top edge. The sidewall angle of the slot, relative to the perpendicular to the plane of the sheet, is a constant angle at any position in the filling sheet height. U.S. Pat. No. 4,801,410 to Kinney, Jr. et al., provides a vacuum formed filler sheet with separation elements to maintain the separation around the perimeter and the sheet interior. The sheets are formed in a corrugated pattern with the peaks and valleys of adjacent sheets that are slanted in opposite directions to maintain sheet separation. The honeycomb structure formed along the edges of. face and side of adjacent sheets helps maintain sheet separation. The United States Patent No ... 5. , 722, 258 for Aitken illustrates a packing pack with corrugated metal elements arranged with vertical passages between adjacent elements. Perforations are provided in the corrugated sections of the filling material. The corrugations in each section extend at an angle to the horizontal. It was determined that the corrugation function as fins increases the heat transfer area. The heat transfer medium or filler sheets of the present invention particularly improves the thermal efficiency of the filler sheets by providing the following: a specific structure that displaces the adjacent rows of folds or frills from the immediate redundancy; Automatic alignment of edges on adjacent filler sheets to clearly define air flow channels for the development of vertices of air flow in each channel with air flow turn? of adjacent channel in opposite directions; surface structures of filler sheets for compact storage, packaging and ease of assembly at the site of the tower. cooling; clear and specific openings for mounting and support rods without secondary assembly or structure in a cooling tower site; spacers to maintain the separation distance between adjacent sheets without calibration of individual filling sheets; and ease of manufacture of continuous filling sheet by vacuum forming a thermosetting plastic. An angle of. Displacement of corrugations or folds on the surface of filler sheet is noted for the specific fold with? relation to a vertical axis. The relative angular displacement of the filler sheet during manufacture and the method for providing vertical displacement are easily integrated in the manufacture of the filler sheet.

The observed manufacturing method provides the correct sequence or number of panels to produce filling sheets with a continuous repeat pattern. The filler sheets have a seal line between adjacent segments within a die or mold, although the individual mold can be fixed to provide a multiple panel filler sheet or a single panel filler sheet, or the die can provide an individual elongated sheet. Both provisions incorporate mounting passages and support bar passages. The specific die configuration and the size of formed filler sheet or the use of multiple panels for a multiple panel sheet is a design choice. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS In the different figures of the Drawing, similar reference numbers identifying similar components, and in those figures: Figure 1 is an oblique and partial sectional view of a cross flow cooling tower, and the film filler; Figure 1A is a schematic cross-sectional view of a cross type cooling tower as in Figure 1; Figure 2 is an oblique oblique sectional view of the film filling package of the crossflow cooling tower in Figure 1; Figure 3A is a plan view of a filler sheet as formed having a plurality of panels formed with the elliptically trimmed mounting and support passages, and a lattice of water retention on the front edge; Figure 3B is a plan view of a filler sheet as formed as in Figure 3A with the mounting and support passages formed elliptically trimmed, and the vapor eliminator on the trailing edge; Figure 3C is a plan view of a filler sheet as formed as in Figure 3A with the cut-out circular support and assembly passages, and a water retention lattice on the front edge; Figure 3D is a plan view of a filler sheet as it is. formed as in Figure 3B with the vapor eliminator on the trailing edge; Figure 3E is a plan view of a filling sheet as formed with a lattice of water retention, on the front edge and the vapor eliminator on the trailing edge; Figure 4A is a sketch of a two-pane filling sheet mold for which the side edges of the vapor eliminator are formed parallel to the vertical or longitudinal direction, the top and bottom edges. they are angularly positioned from the horizontal axis and it is observed that the starting line for separating the section of two panels as formed from the adjacent two panel section; Figure 4B is an outline of an individual panel fill sheet mold with the water retention lattice section as formed at the center edge; Figure 4C is a cross-sectional view of the water retention lattice taken along the line 6A-6A in Figure 4B; Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of the filling section taken along line 5-5 in? Figures 4A and 4B; Figure 5A is an elevation view of a water retention lattice as shown in Figure 4B; Figure 6A is a cross-sectional view of the vapor eliminator portion taken along line 6-6 in Figure 4A; Figure 6B is an elongated plan view of a segment of the vapor eliminator; Figure 6C is an elongated cross section of a vapor eliminator lattice as taken along the line 6C-6C in Figure 6B; Figure 6D is a cross-sectional view of the microgrooves between the louvers of the steam eliminator taken along the line 6D-6D in Figure ~ 6B; Figure 7 is an elongated plan view of the circular support and ellipse passage in combination as formed which is set forth in Figures 3A to 3B; Figure 7A is an oblique oblique view of the ellipse and circular support passage that is shown in Figure 7; Figure 7B is a cross-sectional sketch of the ellipse and circular support passage of Figure 7; Figure 8 illustrates a prior art chevron-shaped plan view of a filler sheet; Figure 8A is a side view of the prior art filling sheet illustrated in Figure 8; Figure 9 is an elongated end view illustration of three filler sheets assembled with the aligned peak-to-peak arrangement that provides channels between the aligned valleys taken generally along the line 5-5 in Figures 4A and 4B; Figure 9A is an elongated end view as in Figure 9 with surface discontinuities on the front surfaces of filler sheets; Figure 10 is an elongated view of a channel with air flow spiral therein; Figure HA is an elongated plan view of one of the filler sheets in Figure 9 with a surface of three cycles; Figure 11B is an elongated plan view of another of the filler sheets as in Figure 9 with a surface of two cycles; Figure 11C is an oblique perspective view of a portion of a filler sheet; Figure 11D is an end view of a filler sheet surface taken along a line parallel to line 13-13 in Figure HA, Figure HE is an elongated section view of the separators and nodes of the surface in Figure 11C; Figure 12 is an elongated cross-sectional view of a valley and the edge peaks of adjacent grooves taken along line 12-12 in Figure HA, whose flat location of line 12-12 is also seen in Figure 9; Figure 13 is an enlarged view of a peaked sheet surface taken along a line 13-13 in Figure HA, the planar location of line 13-13 also seen in Figure 9; Figure 14 illustrates an elliptical or elongated trace on each panel of each filler sheet, and is seen in Figures 7 and 7B; Figure 14A illustrates a rectangular stroke of each panel of each filler sheet in an alternative embodiment; Figure 15 is the circular trace within the ellipse of Figure 14; Figure 15A is a generally square section within the rectangular profile of Figure 14A with an alternative and illustrative overlay support bar structure; Figure 16 shows the filling sheets as they were manufactured stacked closely with a peak-to-valley coupling between adjacent sheets; Figure 17 is an enlarged and exploded view of the filler sheets as manufactured in Figure 16; Figure 18 illustrates the alignment of filler sheet installed with the sheets suspended from a hanging pipe; Figure 19 is an enlarged and exploded view of the filling sheet alignment as assembled as in Figure 18; Figure 20 is an alternative illustration of the air flow in the channels of the filling sheets as in Figure 9 with interruption of the channel pattern; Figure 21 is another alternative illustration of the air flow in the channels of the filler sheets as in Figure 9 with an alternative channel pattern interruption; Figure 2-2 is an oblique oblique section view of a film backfill pack of a counterflow cooling tower; Figure 23 is a schematic cross sectional view of a counterflow cooling tower against Figure 22. ~ The heat and mass transfer medium is used in a plurality of heat transfer devices and more including cooling towers, catalytic converters, gas scrubbers, evaporative coolers and other apparatus. In Figures 1 and 2, the extended cross-flow cooling tower 10 is shown, in partial cross-sectional view, by observing various components of the overturning. More specifically, the film-filling package 12 with a plurality of individual heat and mass transfer means, or filler sheets 14, are shown along and together with independent water retaining lattices 16, the tower fan 18, the collector 2Q and several structural support members 22. The lattice portion 10 in dotted line is seen in Figure 2 in an elongated view. The filling packs 12 have a plurality of individual parallel filling sheets 14 suspended vertically in the tower 10. The external or front surface 24 of the filling packs 12 is in proximity to the independent water retention louvers 16 and the internal or rear surface 2"is- in proximity to the fan 18. The lower edge of filler sheet 130 of Figure 4B is in proximity to the manifold 20 in Figures 1, and 2. The relative position of the cooling tower components, the air flow direction and the water flow direction of the cooling tower 10 are illustrated more clearly in Figure 1A. In this schematic figure, the direction of air flow is observed by the arrow 30, the direction of flow of water or fluid is shown by arrows 32, inside the packing pack 12 and the discharge or heated air flow or gas it is indicated by the arrows 34. The steam eliminators 28 are integrally formed with filler sheets 14 and are generally located at the trailing edge 26. The water distribution source 36 at the top of the tower 38 has distribution nozzles 40. for uniform distribution of the hot water over the packing packs 12 whose sources or conduits 36 are also seen in Figure 1. The cooling towers 10 reduce the temperature of the water used in the cooling systems and the reduction of the temperature is generally achieved by transferring the air at a first temperature of the water circulation on the filling sheets 14, whose water is at a second temperature. highest ratio. _E1 cooler air reduces the temperature of the water through sensible heat transfer and latent heat transfer by evaporating a small portion of water on the surface of the filler sheet. The water through the filling sheets 14 is recovered in a manifold 20 by recycling the indicated cooling system. It is generally considered correlative that the temperatures of the coolant water in the manifold 20 result in a more economical and efficient operation for a cooling system. Figure 8 illustrates a prior art backfill sheet 270 in plan view, which sheet of backfill sheet has a plurality of alternate rib strips similar to chevrons or corrugated lined on its surface. In the vertical herringbone arrangement 270 indicated in the figure, the thicker ~ dark lines represent edges 163 and the alternating soft and thin lines represent valleys or grooves 165 between adjacent edges 163 of a horizontal row of edge 167. The bands or edges in each row 167 are angled in alternating directions to direct the flow of water down the surface of the infill sheet 270. The obverse surface 271 and the reverse surface 273 of the prior art infill sheet 270 they are shown in the side view of Figure 8A, and appear as flat surfaces.Although they are operable, the surfaces do not cooperate with adjacent filler sheet surfaces to provide clearly defined air channels to improve airflow and formation generation of spiral of air flow The surfaces 271 and 273 of the filling sheets of the prior art 270_have a plan view of the linear lines 275 and peak lines 277 on flat surfaces 271 and 273. In a non-illustrated embodiment, the projections may be provided to maintain the spacing between adjacent sheets. The cross flow cooling tower 10 will be used as a reference structure for the following description of the preferred embodiment of filler sheets 14 with media or film pack 12 unless otherwise indicated. The filling sheets 14 are frequently used with means 12 for heat transfer and mass transfer equipment. The alternative arrangements of filler sheets 14 of the present invention are indicated in Figures 3A to 3E, and more specifically it is considered that the filler sheets illustrated in Figures 3A and 3B, as well as 3C and 3D, are, or can be be assembled as pairs from side to side. The filler sheet structure resulting from the side-by-side assembly, which are filler sheets 5 ~ 0.5 ~ 2 ~ and 58, 6Ci will provide a sheet structure similar to the continuous and individual filler sheet form 14 shown in FIG. Figure 3E. These side-by-side filler sheet structures can provide greater widths along the bottom edge 154 in Figures 3A to 3E. The resulting filler sheets 50, 52 or 58, 60 remain similar to the filler sheets of the individual panel 14 both functionally and structurally. The specific structures of the filler sheets 14 of Figures 3A to 3E are illustrative of filler sheets as they were made. whose illustrations are illustrative and not limiting. In Figures 3A and 3B, the pair of filler sheet 50 and 52 is shown with six filler sheet panels 54 and 56 respectively, which sheets 50, 52 cooperate to provide a first filler sheet A 14 of a film package 12. The pair of filler sheet 58 and 60 with panels 54 and 56 of Figures 3C and 3D, respectively, are assembled in a similar manner to provide a filler sheet B or second 14 of the same pack of film 12. The sheets of 50, 52 and 58, 60 in the above-mentioned side-to-side relationship, is shown with water retaining lattices integrally formed 16 on the front or air inlet side 24, and vapor eliminators integrally formed 28 in the rear or exhaust side 26.

Each of the panels 54 and 56, or filler sheet 14 in Figure 3E has mounting passages 70 and 72 delineated on the base sheet or panel 54, 56 and 14 that are illustrated in Figures 7, 7A, 7B, 14 and 15. In these figures, only passage 70 will be described although the description will be: "" applicable to passage 72. Passage 70 in Figure 14 has a generally elliptical shape having a major axis 82, a first minor axis 84 and second minor axis 86. Main axis 82 is shown offset at an angle 88 from the vertical or longitudinal axis of tower 8-0 which is indicated in Figures 1A, 3A and 3B. In Figures 3A to 3D, the passages 70 and 72 have main axes 82 generally parallel to side edges 24 and 26, which are also offset from the vertical axis 80 by the angle 88. In Figure 14, the elliptical path of the passage 70 has the first focus 3U and the second focus 92 which are separated by the space distance 96. The circle 94 in Figure 15 has a vertical diameter along the main axis 82, a transverse diameter along the minor axis 86, as an illustration, and its center is indicated at the focus 92 within the passage 70. A geometrically more accurate description of the passage 70 in Figure 14 indicates a first tracing of the circle within a center of the focus 90 and a second circular tracing within a center in the second focus 92. The intersection of diameters 84 and 86 of its respective circles in perimeters or circumferences 98 are joined by tangential lines. These passage structures widely imply a generally elliptical shape in the layout and are therefore indicated for this description. In Figure 7, the ellipse perimeter 98 has the edge butt 100. The fill sheet 14 in Figures 7 and 7B have unformed flat surfaces 104 in proximity to the edge 100 with an upward sloping side wall 106. The edge 100 and the side wall 106 cooperate to provide the perimeter 98 of the tracing 70 ,, Similarly, the inner formed side wall 108, which is tangentially joined to the side wall 106 at the intersection of the "diameter 82, is the arched tracing of the circle 94 with the inner edge 110. The edges 100 and 110, as well as their respective side walls 106, 108, act as reinforcement or consolidation members for the reception of support rods 112, which are shown in Figures 16, 17 , 18 and 19, through intersecting tracings of ellipse 70 and circle 94. "The cross-sectional view of elliptical tracing 70 and eltircle 94 in Figure 7B denotes edges 100 and 110, as well as side walls 106, 108 What s Mounting passages 70 and 72 are shown in the different figures as curved shapes, which are an illustration and not a limitation. The passages 470 and 472 are shown in Figures 14A and 15A with generally rectangular shapes. More specifically, the 470 passages appear as square contact paths stacked on top of each other. The diagonals 474 of the respective squares intersect in the foci 476 and 478 with the gap 96 between them. In this alternative structure, a rectangular or C-shaped channel 482 is used as a support bar. The molds 120, 122 in Figures 4A and 4B provide a field or arrangement of corrugations or chevrons 158 formed in the sheet 150, whose field 158 has an iterative pattern with a plurality of rows of chevron-like shapes. 9, a schematic cross-sectional view of the corrugated or sardine-like field 158 of the flat sheet 150 refers to the arrangement of peaks and valleys of the reverse surface 151 and the reverse surface 153. The field 158 in FIGS. "and HA is shown for three-cycle filler sheets, whose corrugated field 158 is in the form of an array of planes inclined toward the vertical axis 160. Field 158 is shown as a uniform continuous curve in Figure 9 cones or edges inclined 163 and depth profile from peak to peak 200 between peaks or vertices _163 envelope. either side of the flat sheet 150. In Figure 9, the faces of adjacent filler sheets 14 are labeled as front face 151 and back face 153. However, the chevron field 158 is repeated on both sides of the sheet 150 and the field description 158 generally refers to any surfaces 151 and 153. The arrangement or field 158 appears for the cycle around the neutral axis 16-0 with peaks 163A and linear valleys 164, whose axis 160 is co-planar with the flat surface 150 and approximately normal to the horizontal axis 126. In the different previous figures, the filling sheets 14 or 50, 52 and 58, 60 have been described. Widely with the corrugated top or in the shape of a chevron or on the face of the front 151 and the bottom or reverse face 153. The chevrons provide an undulating surface with a repetitive peak or vertex and the pattern of valleys on the front side or upper 151 and the reverse or lower face 153 of each filler sheet 14 or 50, 52 and 58, 60. This pattern is generally equivalent on the obverse surface 151 and the reverse surface 153, so that only the surface of front 151 will be described although the description will generally apply to field 158 of reverse surface 153. The additional reference will only be made to filler sheets 50, 52 and 58, 60, although the description generally applies to the individual filler sheet 14. The side-to-side assembly of the sheet structures of Figures 3A and 3B is indicated as a structure A or first. Similarly, a second structure B s is indicated by the side-by-side arrangement of the sheet structures in Figures 3C and 3D. The distinguishing feature between these indicated structures A and 'B are the specific mounting passages cut through the lines 70 and 72. More specifically the sheeting assembly passages A have the elliptical pattern traced by the trimmed perimeter edge 100. to provide opening 194 in Figures 3A, 3B, 17 and 19. The sheet mounting assembly B has the circle pattern 94 trimmed to provide circular ports 196, as shown in Figures 3C, 3D, 17 and 19 In addition, the "sheet structures A" are cut or cut to length by cutting along one of the definition or cut lines 15-2, while the sheet structures B are provided by cutting, Along one of the definition or cutting lines 154. The cutting line 152 or 154 used in the continuous sheet sequence as, or was produced by, the filling sheets 50, 52 or 56, 70 and 14 is determined by the number of panels 54 and 56 required to provide a design length for fill sheets 50, 52 and 58, 60 and 14. The same number "" of panels are generally provided for both the fill sheets of structure A and B. The mounting passages 70 and 72 are cut to receive mounting bars 112. However, the line or shape of the opening as cut 194 is an ellipse and the shape of the port 94 is a circle. In Figures 17 and 19, sheet structures A 50, 52, and sheet structures B 58, 60 have mounting bars 112 that extend through a plurality of parallel and alternate fill sheets. In Figures 16 and 17, the side-by-side sheet structures 50, 52 are positioned on the bar 112 extending along the center 92 of each opening 194. At these positions along the focus 92, the The chevron pattern surfaces 151, 153 of each filler sheet can be coupled against or stacked with the adjacent filler sheet surface 151 or 153 after manufacture for ease of packaging and shipping. This hermetically-shaped arrangement of filler sheets 50, 52 and 58, 60 or 14 is shown in Figure 16 with side-by-side sheets 50, 52 and 58, 60 having their respective corrugated surfaces 151 and 153 stacked narrowly. . The upper edges 128 of the filling sheets 50, 52 are displaced upwardly by the space distance 96 from the upper edges 128 of the filling sheets 58, 60. A similar edge displacement space 96 is indicated at the bottom edge 130 of the closely packed sheets in FIG. Figure 16 whose space distance 96 is associated with the original cutting position and the alternately cut openings 194 and ports 196. This small offset or space 96 is only about three percent of the length of the mold, which is significantly less than the current use of about fifteen percent of the length of the mold for stacking or attaching filler sheets 14 for storage and shipping. When the filling sheets 50, 52 and 58, 60 are packed or stacked narrowly, the lines 210 of the peaks or apexes 163A of a first face of the filler sheet face 151 can be stacked within the linear valleys 164 of FIG. a back side of laminate, of adjacent second filler 153, thereby reducing the overall volume occupied by a collection of filler sheets 50, 52 and 58, 60 or 14 provided for the film package 12. It is understood that the lines 210 appear as a continuation in Figure HA, although peaks 163 A may be discrete, as shown in Figure 11D. The stacked fill sheets 50, 52 and 58, 60 improve the stability and strength of the individual filling sheets, while improving handling and reducing the shipping volume prior to assembly at the site. The hermetically-shaped sheet arrangement is also considered to improve the strength of filler sheets 50, 52, and 58, 60, which prevents damage during storage and transportation.

In the assembly or assembly of the film packages 12 in the tower 10, the film packages 12 are suspended vertically, and the filling sheets 50, 52, which have a style A structure move downward to provide bars or support bars 112 along the center 90 of each opening 194. The sheets 58, 60 are mounted on the bar 112 lengthwise. of the. focus 92 and maintain that location in the stacked arrangement and in the state as they were assembled from the sheets 50, 52 and 58, 60, "which therefore align the alternate foci 90 and 92 of the filling sheets A and B 50, 52, and 58, 60 respectively The resultant alignment of alternating style sheets A and B 50, 52 and 58, 60, their openings 194 and ports 196, and therefore their respective bulbs 90, 92 are indicated in Figure 19 for the different representative filler sheets 50, 52 and 58, 60. The assembly at the site provides alternating sheets in the profiled alignment of Figure 18 and in this film pack configuration 12 the edges "Upper 128 of all the filling sheets 50, 52 and 58, .60 are in substantial alignment. Similarly, the lower edges of the filler sheet 130 are aligned, the alignment of which is achieved by the downward displacement of the opening 194, according to the space distance 96 is equivalent to the gap 149 between the cut lines 152 and 154 The geometry of the space 96 and the gap 149 provides the peaks 163A on an obverse face 151 of a first filler sheet A or B 50, 52, and 58, 60 in proximity to the peaks 163A on a reverse side 153 of an adjacent and opposite filler sheet A or B 50, 52 and 58, 60. The fill sheet ratio, peak to peak proximity and alignment are illustrated schematically in Figures 9 and 18. In Figure 18, the film pack 12 has been suspended vertically to allow the sheets of filling 50, 52 and 58, 60 assume their position and assembled relationship. As indicated above, the vertical suspension of the film pack 12 in a tower 10 allows the sheet structures A 50, 52 having the hanger bar 112 through the elliptical openings 194, to move vertically downwards until the bar position 122 generally along the foci. 90 in the openings 194 while maintaining the sheet structures B along the focus 92. This orientation of the sheet structures A 50, 52 and sheet structures B 58, 60 horizontally align the top edges 128 and the edges. lower edges 130 of the filling laminates 14 and provide the film package 12 with one. substantial external appearance at the edges 24 similar to the structure of the film package 12 indicated in Figures 1 and 1A. The lower edges 130 are illustrated as aligned in Figure 18, although alternative fabrication methods may have noticed the lamina A and lamina B structures of unequal lengths, which would provide upper edges 128 in alignment with lower alignment edges 130. The aforementioned side sheet structures 50, 52 and 58, 60 are related to the filler sheets shown in Figures 3A to 3D with individual panels and the side-to-side splice of. necessary requirement to accommodate the filler sheets provided by those structures. It is iteractive that the filler sheets 14 can be a single sheet structure, as shown in Figure 3E, with multiple vertical panels placed to provide a desired sheet length. The "choice of individual sheet or panel structures from side to side is a choice of design and application and not a functional constraint." Therefore, the following description of faces 151 and 153 and the resulting ratio of 163A peaks and linear valleys 164 will also be applicable to the filler sheet structures provided by assembling the individual sheet filler sheets 14 shown in Figure 3E.

The following discussion generally relates to front and back surfaces of adjacent filler sheets. However, it is recognized that the outer face surfaces 151 or 153 of the outer filler sheets 50, 52 and 58, 60 which are the outer surfaces of a single film pack 12 do not have face surfaces from-a filler sheet adjacent 58, 60 or 50, 52, respectively, as indicated in Figure 18. The width of a film pack is not limited to a specific number of filler sheets but can be any acceptable width and number of filler sheets 50, 52 and 58, 60 or 14, to accommodate an application or cooling tower. However, the adjacent filler sheets 50, 52 and 58, 60 are parallel and the internal fill sheet peaks 163A of. a first sheet A or B, the front face 151 is in proximity to, and aligned with, the peaks 162 of a second adjacent sheet A or B of the reversed reverse face 153. The linear valleys 164 or the front surfaces 151, 153 of adjacent filler sheets A and B 50, 52 and 58", 60 are aligned in a manner similar to lines 210 of peaks 163A, whose linear valleys 164, are presented between aligned and adjacent peak lines 210. These alignments are evident In Figures 9 and 11A, according to the relationship between the filling sheets A and B 50, 52 and 58, 60 and the related peaks 163A and the linear valleys 164 is the same, only a single pair of sheets 50, 52, and 58 60 will be described, although the description will be applicable to the rest of the filler sheets A or B 50, 52 and 58, 60. The aligned peaks 163A and the linear valleys 164 in Figures 9 and 18 cooperate to form a plurality of channels 220, 222 which are generally ^ horizontal. The openings 194, ports 196 and separation spaces 149 create discontinuities in pattern channels 220, 222. However, the general pattern of channels 220, 222 will be present between front surfaces 151 and 153 of adjacent filler sheets 50, 52 and 58, 60 or 14. The surfaces 151 and 153 are not planar and more specifically, the obverse surface 131"in Figure HA has a plurality of continuous edges 163 progressively descending vertically from the linear valley 164 from the upper edge of filler sheet 179. Edges 163 project out of plane 150 to peaks 163A on line 210. Edges 163 are angled down or angled on surface 151 at angles. of rotation 278 to horizontal lines 164 and 210 and advance between peaks 163A or peak line 210 in plane 150 to edge base 163B in linear valley 164. Edges 163 continue upward from edge base 163B and linear valley 164 to the next peak 163A at the subsequent peak line 210. The wave motion of each edge 163 continues in and out of the flat sheet 150, although, in Figure HA, the edge 163 changes direction approximately at an angle ninety degrees after advancing in three rows or half cycles 167 of the edges 163. The angle 278 is preferably around 49 °, but it has been found that the angle of rotation 278 can vary between about 25 ° and 75 ° to provide a permissible rotation angle for gas flow through channels 220 and 222. The angle of rotation 278 is provided by observing the plane of surfaces 151 or 153 in one. perpendicular direction, as indicated by the double arrow line 15-15 in Figure 9. The angle of rotation 278 provides the proper rotation towards the helical air flow, since excessive rotation will induce an excessive pressure drop across the channels 220 or 222, but inadequate rotation will not induce the requisite helical air with channels 220 or 222. In addition, excessive rotation has been found to induce air movement between channels 220 or 222, which inhibits uniform operation and the transfer of air through the packing pack 12. The slots 165 in Figure HA are indicated between adjacent edges 163 and advance toward the face of the front face 151 generally parallel to the projected lines of the edges 163. In this figure, the slots 165 are continuous lines projecting downward from a line 210 of peaks 163A in the plane 150 and below the linear valley 164 to the primary valley 165B. The slot 165 continues vertically downward from the surface 151 in Figure HA and simultaneously out of the plane 150 to intersect the line 210 at the top point 165A below the apex of adjacent edge peaks 163A. The groove 165 therefore advances vertically downwardly of the obverse surface 151 in a manner almost parallel to the edges 163. Although the upper point 165A is indicated as a discrete point, the depth below the apex 163A may be very nominal and almost not perceptible. This results in the appearance of a continuous line 210. Figure 9 can be considered a view. in cross section, of the filling sheets 50, 52 and 58, 60 and in this, the reverse face 153 of the. blade.-A. or first 50, 52 is in confronting alignment with the obverse face 151 of the lamina B or second 58, 60. The peaks 163A_ of confronting surfaces 151, 153 are in close proximity to one another. In this figure, line 210 of peaks 163A and linear valleys 164 appear as lines or continuous projections in a side view from either edge 24 and 26. Linear valleys 164 are at the intersection of descending slopes of adjacent edges 163 on the surfaces 151, 153, whose edges 163 in this side view are at the first angle 276 towards the neutral axis 160 or flat surface 15Q. The first angle 276 is preferably about 40 ° from the neutral axis 160, although it may extend between about 20 ° and 60 °. The discrete peaks 163A in continuous arrangements 158 on the obverse surface 161 and the reverse surface 153 cooperate to provide peak lines 210 in Figures HA, 11B and 11C. Figure 11C is an oblique perspective view of filler sheets 14, however, the different angles, edges 163, peaks 163A, edge bases 163B, grooves 165, linear valleys 164 and the primary valley 165J3 will be individually described to provide them in the form suitable within the context of an individual filler sheet. The repeated reference of Figure 9 will be used to orient the location of angles, planes, edges, valleys and peaks that will be described further with respect to composite angles'. As noted above, the filler sheets 14 or 50, 52 and 58, 60 have a plurality of projection and angled planes, edges, valleys and peaks, which result from the formation of planar materials at composite angles in a three-dimensional layout. The neutral axis 160 is co-planar with the uniform flat sheet 150"and parallel to the vertical axis 80, whose flat sheet or" surface 150"is indicated in Figure 6A. In Figures 5, ~~ 9, HA, 11B, 16 and 18, the peaks 163A project to equal distances on the flat surface 150 of the reverse and reverse faces 151, 153. The peaks 163A occur at the junction of two edges 163 of adjacent edge rows or degrees 167, whose edges 163 have associated side walls 178. In the plan views of Figures 11A and 11B the linear valley 164 and the primary valley 165B appear collinear, since the corners of parallelograms that form the edges, valleys and peaks are all, collinear, with these respective edges and valleys. In the various figures of the preferred embodiment, the side walls 178 are approximately parallelogram shapes projecting angularly from the plane 150 as seen in Figure 11D. Figure 12 is a sectional view illustrating an actual view of the relationship as formed between the side walls 178, the slot 165 and the elevation or height 181 of a chevret as formed along the edge 163. The heights 181 and 183 are not equivalent in Figure 9, but may be "equivalent in" a specific structure of the arrangement 158. The angle 177 between the side walls 178 is similarly placed on the side of the normal 175 a the "slot 165" in Figure 12. Alternatively the angle 177 may be positioned unequally from the vertical axis 175 and out-of-phase as seen by the dotted line in Figure 12, to one side or the other axis 175 in a fixed angular displacement or deviation from the axis 175. As a consequence, one of the side walls 178 would be larger than the other of the side walls 178. The angle of deviation 193 may vary between 0o and 20 ° in any direction from the axis 175. In a preferred embodiment, the angle of improvement 177 between the side walls 178 is 110 ° and the height 181 is 0.347 cm (0.137 inches) with an angle of deviation of 0 ° 193. The improvement includes the angle 177, it can vary between approximately 75 ° and 145 °. In the illustrative parallelogram structure indicated in Figure 11D, the side walls 178 are shown as generally rectangular plots and can be considered to have a first and larger side along the slot 165, and a second longer and parallel side that coincides with the edge 163. In Figures 9 and 11D, the shorter third side 183 extends from the linear valve 164 to the primary valley 165B. The parallelogram shapes are broadly indicated in the plan view in Figures HA and 11B with dotted and alternating solid perimeters along the edge 163, slot 165, linear valley 164 and peak line 210. However , the angular displacement of the parallelogram shape is noted in Figure 13, which is a sectional view taken along a peak line 210 and specifically between the adjacent peaks 163A. The general shape of slot 165 is similar to the illustration of Figure 12. However, angle 179 is 118 ° and larger than angle 177, and height 183 in a specific example ~ is 0.434 cm (0.171). inches) which is larger than the height 181. This effect from the angle 179 which is greater than the angle 177 can be considered by observing the vertical axis of the valley 175 in Figures 12 with equal angular displacement on either side of the axis 175 to provide angle 177. Alternatively, in Figure 13, angular displacement 287 on one "side of shaft 175 is greater than angle 283 on the other side of shaft 175. This results in a shorter or smaller side wall 178 in proximity to the angle 281 on one of the sides, but a greater angular displacement 281. In Figure 11D, each of the panels or side walls 178 will be considered to extend downward from an edge 163 within the plane of the drawing and ending in a slot 165. In this figure, the longer "" sides of the parallelogram are edges 163 and grooves 165, and the shorter sides are the height 183. In addition, the relative locations of the inflection points in the linear valley 164 and the primary valley 165B are indicated in Figure 11D. The intersections of panels 178 at the points or peaks 163A in Figure 11D appear as points and only as an example and not as a limitation. The peaks 163A are not acute angles but are more generally rounded corners, as indicated in Figure 9, due to the manufacturing process, whose more uniform corners help control the movement of water or coolant through the surfaces of filler sheets 151 or 153. The sharp corners along the edges 163 and at the peaks 163A are also considered to be harmful to the controlled flow of fluid on the surfaces 151 or 153, as well as the retention on the surfaces 151, 153. In Figure HA, the surface 151 has the row or category 167 of edges 163 at the top of the panel 279, whose edges 163 and associated slots 165 are inclined to the right in the figure, and outside the plane of the drawing to intersect a peak line 210. A second row 167 of edge 163 and slot 165 emanating from the peak line is similarly inclined to the right, although in the plane of the drawing to intersect the linear valley 164. A third row 167 of edges 163 and grooves 165 advances to the right and out of the plane of the drawing or flat surface 150, to intersect in a peak line 210 This cycle of three edge rows 163 and slots 165 is in an array 158 of three cycles, which is -exhausted to be-a preferred embodiment. Other cyclic patterns may include a multiple of two in edge cycles 163 and slots.165 as shown in Figure 11E. In addition, tests have been run with cycles of five rows or edges 163 and slots 165 which are directed in a single direction. The choice of the number of cycles or rows 167 of edges 163 and slots 165 in a single direction is left to the discretion of the designer, although the number of cycles is preferably 1 and 9 cycles. The number of cycles and angles of rotation 278 impact the movement of the cooling water or the refrigerant along the surface of the obverse surface 151 or the reverse surface 153 towards either the water retention trusses 16 or the eliminator 28. steam. In Figure 9, the peaks or apexes 163A of the reverse surface 153 and the obverse surface 151 are in close proximity to each other, although they are not in direct contact. Such contact would inhibit and interrupt the flow of the cooling fluid on surfaces 151 and 153, and would also inhibit gas or air contact with surfaces 151 and 153. The confronting relationship in the assembled state of fill pack 12 results in channels 220 and 222 that are joined between adjacent surfaces 151, 153 of adjacent style A and B filler sheets. The channels 220 and 222 are physically similar, although the edges 163 and the grooves 165 of vertically adjacent channels 220 and 222 are inclined in opposite directions. 40 remaining alternates 220 and 222 in Figure 9. Arrows 224 and 226 are indicative of the pattern of air flow stimulated between adjacent surfaces 151, 153 of fill sheets 14 or 50, 52 and 58, 60. The flow pattern Air 224 or 226 may be considered to be a spiral apex or precession along channel 220 or 222 from the air inlet side 24 to the outlet air side 28 as shown in Figure 1A. The helical air pattern is generally considered to induce by the direction of the arrows of the edges 163, the peaks 163A, the linear valleys 164 and the slot 165, whose direction of arrows. The diaphragms 167 forming the channels 220 and 222 on the adjacent sheets A and B 50, 52 and 58, 60 which is itself.The air spiral formation in a channel 220 or 222i ~ results in greater contact between the cooling fluid and the air, which provides improved heat transfer between the two media.In addition, the helical air has a low pressure drop from the air inlet side 24 to the air outlet side 28 through the filling package. 12. Figure 10 illustrates a longitudinal view along a channel 220 with the helical air flow clockwise to the air flow 30 illustrated as a sinusoidal curve, however, this linear illustration is a view in FIG. An illustrative analogy for serious consideration would be to consider the channel 220 with a V-shaped groove Figure 10 illustrates a channel 220 with a clockwise direction of the gas flow therein. from the peak line 210 and a linear valley 164 illustrate edges 163 and grooves 165 on f the obverse surface 151, while dotted lines represented edges 163 and grooves 165 on the reverse surface 153. Those edge sets 163 and grooves 165 on the confronting surfaces 151 and 153 of the illustrated channel are inclined opposite the valley. linear 164 and the peak line 210. Similarly, the channel 222 in Figure 9 has a counter-clockwise direction of gas flow with the edges 163 and the grooves 165 of the obverse surface 151 inclined in a direction opposite that of the illustration of Figure 10. The side of air inlet or edge 24 in the Figure 11B has arrows 30 indicating an inlet air flow, or gas flow, the direction, whose air flow direction 30 is also indicated in Figure 1A and HA. The air flow direction 30 in Figure 9 is considered to be in the plane of the paper. The channel 220 in Figure 9 has arrows directed to the right 224 ^ which indicate the movement of helical air in the channel .220, and the channel 222 includes the arrow of the opposite direction to the hands of the. clock 226. Similar arrows are indicated on the channels provided by the linear valley 164 between the lines 210 of the vertices 163A. As an image, the coiled telephone wire could extend along the valley 164 to visualize the project of a spiral airflow pattern. In Figure 9, the channels 220 and 222 are cross-sectional views of the channel lengths. Each of these channels has a first cross-sectional area generally between the lines indicated as edges 163 and a second cross-sectional area generally at half the distance between the edges 163 and the slot 165 of adjacent filler sheets. The first cross-sectional area is considered to be the total area of the channel .220 or 222, and the second cross-sectional area is considered to be the thick cross-sectional area. The ratio of the total area to the gross area of the channels in the preferred embodiment is approximately 0.76, although the effect of "desired spiral formation is expected to be operative over at least a range of relationships between approximately 0.4 to 0.9." The desired helical air pattern is produced in an open cell or channel 220 or 222, whose channels are generally delineated by the position of peak lines 210 and linear valleys 164. It has been found that if the surfaces ^ of adjacent sheets 151 and 153 they are too close to each other, then the surfaces 151 and 153 do not generate a helical air pattern as active as desired.Alternatively, if the surfaces 151 and 153 have too large a gap 202, it can be an inhibition to maintain the vertices -224, 226 within respective channels or passages 220 or 222. In Figure 9 as a specific example, the peaks 163A on the surfaces 151 and 153 d e the filling sheet 50, 52 are separated by the depth of profile 200 with a peak-to-peak value of 1.33 cm (0.525 inches). However, the separation space 202 between the neighboring peaks 163A of surfaces. of filler sheet 151 and 153 is only 0.571 cm (0.225 inches). The sum of the profile depth 200 and the space dimension 202 provides the space dimension 271 of 1.90 cm (0.750 inches). As noted above, if the adjacent sheet surfaces 151 and 153 are too close to one another, then the surface or surfaces are not as active as desired.

Therefore, the desired ratio between the spacing space 202 and the profile depth is approximately 0.43, although the structure is operable over a range of relationships between 0.04 and 0.9. The aforementioned operating parameters provide measurements of the characteristics of filler sheet for filler sheets 50, 52, 58, 60 or 14, for the filling pack 12.

In particular, the filling sheets 14 or 5Q, 52 and 58, 60 are produced with edges 24 and 26 parallel to the vertical or longitudinal axis 80, although the upper edge 128 and the lower edge 130 are inclined at an angle 89, which is preferably about 4.8 ° although it may vary between about 0.0 ° and 10.0 °. In the assembly in the crossflow cooling tower illustrated 10, the filling sheets 14 or 50, 52 and 58, 60 will assume a position with the upper edge 128 and the lower edge 130 approximately parallel to the horizontal axis 126. The length of the filling sheet can "be nominated only by the specification of a particular number of panels 54 or 56 on a single length of a filler sheet The individual panels 54, 56 are preferably approximately 61 cm (two feet) in length, which allows the filler sheet lengths of a length uniform are provided by a combination of multiple panels 54, 56. The steam eliminator 28 on the mold 122 and the filling sheet 14 are shown in a cross-sectional view in Figure 6A. generally of bell projecting above the flat surface 150 with inclined side walls 170, the peak 172 and the reinforcing rib 174, whose rib 174 is, in proximity to, and ex- it extends along the outer edge 26 between the bottom of the filler sheet 130 and the top 128. As shown in Figures 6B and 6C, the vapor eliminator 28 has a plurality of double-sided C-shaped lattices. 176 that extend at an acute angle from the side edge 26 through the width 180 of the eliminator 28. The louvers 176, have inclined side walls 170 and peaks 172 that form an edge or second chevron 182 on the underside of the eliminator 173 with a peak forming a similar deformation 172. "The peaks 172, 182 and the side walls 170 of the louvers 176 minimize the discharge of water vapor from the tower 10 and re-direct the moisture towards the sheet surface filler 151. The louvers 176 also help to re-direct Q-angular the air exiting towards the fan 18 in Figure 1A. The sharp angle of each chevron-shaped slot 176 provides the outer edge 186 at the outer edge 26 of each lattice 176 vertically offset over "the inner edge 188 of the adjacent edge of each face 151, 153, as shown in Figure 6B , which inhibits the discharge of water outwards and improves the return flow of water to the filling surface 151. The lattice 176 on the upper part or obverse face 151 can be considered to be the rear face of the lower face lattice peak 182. Similarly, the lower face groove 184 is the rear face or surface of the upper face lattice 176.

The louvers 176 in this preferred embodiment are presented with a separation distance of approximately 7.62 cm (three inches). Between the lattices 176 on the surface of. The front side 151 and the reverse side 183 of the vapor eliminator 18 are in a plurality of micro-grooves 185, as indicated in Figures 6B and 6D.The micro-grooves 185 have a peak-to-peak slot height 187, which is Approximately forty thousandths of a height Microgrooves 185 have internal edges 189 vertically __ below the outer edges 191, and act in a similar manner to the louvers 176 to redirect water towards the surface of filler sheet 151. The lattice water retention 16 of the filler sheet 14, and as delineated in the mold 122 in Figure 4B, are indicated in a cross-sectional view in Figure 4C with lattice peaks 190 and lattice valleys 192 between the peaks 190 on the upper part of the filler sheet or the obverse face 151, The displacement of material formed for the water retention lattice 16 results in a generally equivalent image of the top face 151 on the bottom. do of filler sheet or. the reverse side 153 for the provision of the same illustrative lattice lattice pattern. The individual chevrons of this lattice pattern have external end points 193 of peaks 190 and valleys 192 in proximity to the lateral edge 24 and "moved vertically over the inner end point 195 of the lower adjacent chevron spike 190 or valley 192. This displacement of vertical end point inhibits the transfer of water from the film pack 12 to the outer edge 24 and directs trapped water downward toward the obverse surface of the fill sheet 151. The edges or peaks 190 of a lattice section on a surface of the front 151 are in contact with the edges .190 of a lattice section of a back surface of adjacent filler sheet 153, thereby inhibiting the discharge of water between adjacent filler sheets 14. In the specific example indicated above for the spacing 202 and the profile depth .2 0, the Borders 190 of the water retention lattice 16, would have a depth of profile of 1.90 cm (three quarters of an inch). In Figure 11C, a partial oblique perspective view of the obverse surface 151. of a. filler sheet 14, 50, or 58 is indicated together with the passageway as formed 70 or 72, and louvers 16 at the side edge 24. More specifically, this panel is a three cycle panel with an upper edge 128 cut to along the dividing line 152, which would provide a section panel A 54, as shown in Figure 3A, Figure 11C particularly provides an illustration of the previously observed discontinuities that generally occur in the repetitive pattern of filler sheets 14 or 50, 52 and 58, 60. The discontinuities include division lines 152, and 154, ports or passages 70 or 72, and vertical corridor 25Q on the surface 151, whose corridor 250 is parallel to the main axis 82 and the lateral edge 24. The inverse of the improvement pattern can create a double vertex 224 and 226 of air flow vertices in opposite directions within a channel 220 or 222. The "double vertices are indicated in three of the channels 2 20 or 222 in Figure 9. However, the impact of these inverses on the panels and the relationship to the sardinette-like pattern is shown in plan view in Figures 20 and 21, where there is a continuous diamond grid distribution that observe the alternate step cycle frequencies of three cycles and five cycles respectively. Channels 220 or 222 with double vertices are indicated by the letter F indicating a double vertex channel in Figures 20 and 21. In. For the smaller step cycle of Figure 20, a greater occurrence of the double vertex phenomenon has been observed. _ The hall 250, which is in the plane of the uniformed plastic sheet and the neutral ee 160 in Figure 11C, extends between the upper edge 128 and the bottom edge 130 of each panel 54, 56 or filler sheet 14, 50, or 58 The male spacers 252 extend over the face face 151, which have a height 253 and are positioned along the aisle 250 at a pre-set spacing distance 255 from the female spacer 234, as shown in Figures 11C and HE . The female spacers 254 also extend over the obverse surface 151 of the corridor 25Q a short height 257, relative to the height of spacer 253. The adjacent male spacers 252 and adjacent female spacers 254 on the upper edge 128 in Figure 11C are indicated, placed closely with duplicate female spacers 254 between male repairers adjacent 252 to accommodate the alternative positions for the. sheet structures A and B. Both male spacers 252 and female spacers 254 are hollow, and therefore provide open cavities in the reverse side 153 of the filling sheets 14. As shown in FIG. HE, the male spacers 252 have first cavities 259, which male spacers 252 have a generally conical shape with an elliptical base to maintain a vertical position. The female spacers 254 have a generally conical shape with a first guide section 267 and fingernail second cavity 261 for receiving the upper end 263 of a mating male separator 252 in final assembly of the -t f f film package 12. The coupling of the male spacers 252 with the female spacers 254 in the final assembly is achieved easily as the separation distance 255 between the adjacent male spacers 252 and the adjacent female spacers 254 equals the separation distance 96 between the spots 90 and 92 of the passage 70 in Figure 14. This equivalence places the male spacers 252 , and more particularly to the upper end 263 extending from the obverse surface 151 of a first filler sheet 14, in registration with second cavities 261 of the female separators 254 on the reverse surface 153 of an adjacent filler sheet. During shipping and storage, the filler sheets 14, or 50, 52 and 58, 60 can be fitted as illustrated in Figure 16, with spacers 252 that engage with first spacers 259 on a sheet of adjacent landing. Embedded configuration allows the edges 163 to engage the confronting linear valleys to decrease the volume of the film packages 12 through as much as a ratio of 20 to 1, which conserves space for storage, shipping and handling. The smaller offset or gap 255, which in the previous example is about 3.81 cm (one and a half inches), allows the adjacent sheet male separators 252 to engage a cavity 259 on an adjacent filler sheet 14 on the surface , of confronting back 153. Historically, this engagement has normally required at least the length of a panel as occurred when the filling sheet structure of a packing pack 12 was pre-packaged. In the present illustration, the packing of filler sheet can be accommodated by extending sheets alternated approximately 3.81 cm (one and one-half inches) in a segment of filler sheet of 1.27 cm (4/8 inch). It is recognized that the length of a filler sheet 14 can be longer than the segment as it occurred, since these segments can be provided on a continuous sheet of raw material. Therefore, the increased portion required more than about 3.1 percent of the segment co or occurred indicated for example, but in any case it will be less than one third of the individual formed segment as produced used to provide the filler sheet 14. production of multiple segments to provide filler sheets 14 of various lengths. will describe right away. In addition, this closely-fitted configuration of a multiplicity of filler sheets 14 provides a substantially stronger laminate-type structure for improved handling, the laminate of which can be considered analogous to plywood. The film pack assembly 12, the male spacers 252 and the female spacers 254 are displaced from their storage positions relative to the adjacent filler sheet surfaces 151 and 153 for coupling the male spacers 252 with the Female Surface Repairers 254 Reverse 153. In, their coupled positions, the spacers 252 extend suitably on the obverse surface 151 to accommodate the separation distance 202 between the confronting peaks 163A on the surfaces 151 and 153. This position provides a mechanical separation for ensuring the maintenance of the space 202 between the adjacent filler sheets 14 and the direct alignment of the adjacent filler sheets 14 within the filler pack 12. The filler sheets 14 or 50, 52 and 58, "60 as shown in Figures 3A to 3E, have a pattern of improvement on their respective obverse surfaces 151 and the reverse surfaces 153. Those surface patterns on the confronting surfaces of filler sheet adjacent style A and B 14 are generally mirror images of one another, whose mirror image structure in the final assembly provides the channels 222 and 222. In the preferred embodiment, each sheet surface 151, 153 has a distance between adjacent peaks 163A on a line 2107 which is indicated as step 265 in Figure A. The vertical cycle for the breeding pattern in Figure 11A has a repeating cycle of three ... rows 167 of the edges 163 inclined in the same angular direction from the horizontal axis 126. In a specific embodiment, the improvement pattern moves the cooling water along the sheet surface 151 or 153, and in this preferred embodiment, the water moves horizontally along the sheet surface 151 or 153 one and a half steps 265, by a "vertical cycle or two vertical rows 167. The step-by-step relationship is generally preferred to be any of the ratios of half cycle, such as 0.5, 1.5, 2.5 and so on. Similarly, the improved flow is provided for any of the step-by-step relationships without an integer. Filler sheets, or heat transfer medium and dough 14 are frequently formed from plastic material, such as a continuous polyvinyl chloride or PVC feed sheet, by thermoforming processes as are known in the art. The choice of material for the filler sheets 14 is a design choice, and the PVC example is not a limitation. Alternative examples of the materials include stainless steel for high temperature applications, such as catalytic converters. In Figures 4A, the mold 120 is operable to form similar filler sheets 52 and 60 which are indicated in Figures 3B and 3D, respectively. The mold 120 has division lines 124 to provide the aligned width of sheets 14 and side edges 26, "whose line indicates a location for separation or compartment.The similar molds with alternative sheet tracings can be provided to produce sheet traces with louvers 16 and side edge 24 as indicated in Figure 4B, although only a larger but individual panel is illustrated, the specific width and length of any of the panels 54, 56, as well as the individual panel sheet pattern. of filling 14 in Figure 3E, are available to the designer, although the illustrations of the molds 120 and 122 are merely illustrative and not a limitation of the alternatives and available mold arrangements.The length of any filler sheet 14 can be provided indicating a continuously connected plurality of panels 54 and 56. The molds 120 and 122 are shown with lateral edges 24 and 26 parallel to the vertical 80, although the horizontal axis 126 is positioned from the upper edge of the panel 128 and the lower edge of the panel 130 by the angle 89, which is equal to the angle 88 indicated in Figures 3A and 3B. The manufacture of the filler blades 14 provides the main shaft 82 of the elliptical passages 70, 72 parallel to the side edges 24 and 26. In Figures 4A and 4B, the molds 120 and 122 are positioned with the side edges 24 and 26 parallel to the vertical of the mold or longitudinal axis 81 to illustrate an illustrative manufacturing process and do not compose a limitation. In the mold configuration of Figures 4A, the mold 27 is parallel to the side edge 26, whose edge 27 will be spliced to a second filler sheet 50 or 58 to provide a filler sheet 14 of a desired width. The filler sheets 52 or 60 can be used independently of a splice sheet. The specific sheet arrangement is considered as one. design selection, ie, a side-by-side filler sheet, a one-piece filler sheet, "filler sheets with or without lattices and steam eliminators, or combinations of such arrangements." As noted above, the filler sheets 14 they can be formed from a formable plastic sheet, which can be discrete sheets or a sheet continuously fed from a roll of plastic sheet, for example The unformed plastic sheet is a generally flat sheet 150 with an obverse surface 151 and a back surface 153. The finished or formed plastic sheet has cut lines 152 and 154 on each of the panels 54, 56 of the filler sheets 14. The cut lines 152 and 154 appear in the figures as parallel double lines with a space 149 therebetween to define a linear position for cutting or separation The cutting lines 152 and 154 are indicated on the filling sheets 50, 52, 58 and 60 in the Figures s 3A to 3D The upper cut line 152 in Figures 4A and 4B is also operable as a stamp line for mold 120, 122 during manufacture. In a specific example, the cut lines 152 and 154 are approximately 0.95 cm (three "eighths of an inch) wide.The structure of the filler sheets 14" or 50, 52 and 58, 60 is largely provided by A thermoforming process, however, molds 120 and 122 provide only a two-panel arrangement whose panels are approximately 60.9 cm (twenty-four inches) in length, thus providing a single 1.27 cm infill sheet ( four-eighths of an inch in length on any individual pressing.) Although the sheets are provided in increments of 1.27 cm (four-eighths of an inch), which is the result of the arrangement of two panels, each panel 54, 56 requires only one phase shift 3.81 cm (one and one-half inches) more specifically, as noted above, filler sheets 14 or 50, 52 and 58, 60 are produced in sequence A and B, and historically this has required Separate molds, or different configurations within the same mold, for each sheet style. The sheets formed were then cut in the division lines A or B 152, 154, which were approximately 60.9 cm (24 inches) of separation, thus providing various filling sheets on separate piles or platforms. If both sheets were fitted on top of one another, the nested group would protrude from the body of the film pack 12 approximately at a mean index or 60.9 cm (twenty-four inches) in the current case. This pre-shipment assembly operation is uncomfortable and results in difficult shipping and packing problems. Alternatively, the on-site assembly of alternate fill sheets is considered to be efficient and requires maintenance and a remote assembly operation from the production cycle, which is considered to be an unacceptable manufacturing practice, due to loss of control and evaluation of the finished product. The molds 120 and 122 are respectively used to provide filler sheets 14050.52 and 58.60. It is recognized that the mold 120 does not illustrate the inclusion of the lattice segment 16, and similarly that mold 122 does not illustrate the inclusion of the vapor eliminator 28, which elements can be provided by insertion of the segment. of the appropriate mold to produce the desired configuration. The illustrated molds 120 and 122 were provided as examples of available structures, not as constraints, the molds 120. and 122 are provided as assemblies of various inserts, the inserts of which provide the desired packing sheet configurations, as indicated in the Figures. 3A and 3E, and can be added or removed as is known in the art.

In an alternative embodiment, the filler sheets 14 or 50, 52 and 58, 60 can be mounted in a counterflow cooling tower 310, which is indicated in Figure 22. The schematic illustration of the tower 310 in Figure 23 shows the arrangement of various components and sections of the cooling tower 310 with the manifold 20, the fan 18, the conduit 36 and ~ "the nozzles 40 generally indicated in the same relation as in the tower 10 of Figure 1A. configuration, the tower 31Q is generally open in the lower section 312 with the upper section 314 having side walls 316 and support members 318. The air flow 30 is extracted in the horizontally open section 312 and the water retaining louvers 16 However, the filler sheets 14 are provided on, above the manifold 20 between the manifold 20 and the fan 18. The water or fluid from the nozzles 40 is directed onto the reed sheets. filled 14, which have peak lines 210 and linear valleys 164 positioned generally vertically for communication of the air flow through the filling sheets 14. In this illustration, Figure 9 would be considered to represent a plan view of the film filler pack 12 ^ In this counterflow tower 310, the filler sheets 14 do not include the integral water retention lattices 16 or steam eliminators 28 as edges 24 and 26 are not directly exposed to an ambient volume, but rather are restricted within the closed upper section 314. The filler blades 14 in the tower 310 of Figures 22 and 23 are positioned on either of the edges 24 and 26 on the lateral support members 318, which support members 318 they are transverse to the vertical axis 80 or the longitudinal distance of the filler sheets 14 in Figure 3D. The support members 318 are held in position by ribs 320 coupled to the tower structural members 22. More particularly, the filler sheets 14 can be produced in a similar manner on the molds 120 by inserting mold inserts as shown in FIG. described earlier. In a specific structure, it is considered that the sheet width 324 in Figure 3E is preferably between 40.64 cm (sixteen inches) and 60.9 cm (twenty-four inches). In this arrangement of nominal width, the filling sheets 14 can be manufactured, packaged, shipped and assembled in a similar manner to the vertically suspended filling sheets described above 14. However, the. filler sheets 14 in this arrangement are placed with one of edges 24 and 26 that contact side members 318 and the other edge vertically placed in tower 310. Filler sheets 14 in tower 310 have side edges 24 and 26 generally "parallel to" the horizontal axis of the tower 390. In the tower 310, the alternate filling sheet configuration A and B is maintained "as in the vertical fill sheet arrangement described above. B in the assembled structure is provided by any means known in the art including manual separation of individual filler sheets after placement of a film package 12 in the tower 310 on side members 318. It is evident that the filler sheets are relatively narrow 14 are capable of supporting a short height filler sheet while maintaining the individual filler sheets 14 in this arrangement. It is secured on the edge by the close proximity of the filling sheets 14 and the coupling of the male spacers 252 with the female spacers 254 for improved mechanical support. Furthermore, in this filling sheet arrangement supported by the edge, the mounting bars 112 are not used, which avoids the need to cut the sheets. 14. In this horizontal arrangement of Figures 22 and 23, the filler blades 14 have vertically oriented peak lines 210 and the corresponding linear valleys 164 between the peak lines 210 are similarly directed vertically. The horizontally assembled fill sheets 14 again have peak lines 210 of the adjacent back surface 153 and the obverse surface 151 of adjacent filler sheets 14 in close proximity and alignment to the delineated channels 220 and 222 in a configuration vertical for transfer of air flow or gas flow through the filler sheets 14. The edges 163 and the slot 165 cooperate again with the peaks 163 and the linear valleys 164 to form the helical vertices within. channels 220, 222 to improve heat transfer. between the gases and fluids that flow. In a further embodiment, the side support members 318 may be provided in a counterflow cooling tower 10 to hold filling sheets placed vertically 14. In such a configuration, the support bars 112 may be removed and the length or height of the filler sheets 14 can be varied to accommodate the requirement separation between the vertically adjacent, lateral support m-thmhms 318. While only some specific embodiments of the invention have been described and shown, it is clear that they can be made several modifications. and alterations to it. Therefore, it is the intention of the appended claims to cover all such modifications and alterations insofar as they may fall within the true scope of the invention.

Claims

REJVINDICATIONS 1. A filler sheet for film filler packages of heat transfer and mass transfer devices, such devices having means for transferring gas and fluid flow through the filler packs, each packet of filler that has at least two of the filler sheets, such filler sheets are characterized in that they comprise: each filler sheet has a reference plane, each filler sheet has an obverse surface and a reverse surface, a plurality of edges and grooves, each edge and groove having a first end and a second end, "such a plurality of edges and grooves placed in a plurality of classifications of the edges and grooves, each surface of the front and each surface of the back having an arrangement formed with a repeating pattern of edge classifications, and slots, each classification having at least one vertex on the p reference and at least one valley below the reference plane, one of the first ends and second ends of each edge and groove ending at one vertex vertically above the reference plane on each surface of the front and back, the other of the first ends and second ends of each edge and groove extending up to at least the valley below the reference plane, each filling sheet that can be placed in a packing pack to provide the vertices and valleys of the surfaces of front and back in. substantial confrontation alignment with the vertices and valleys of another, of the front and back surfaces of an adjacent filler sheet to define a plurality of channels between the front and back surfaces of the adjacent filler sheet.
2. The filler sheet for film filling packages of mass and heat transfer devices according to claim 1, characterized in that the matching clashes of aligned peaks are separated by a gap, the gap of approximately 0.571 cm
3. The filling sheet for film filling packages of heat and mass transfer devices according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat transfer and mass transfer devices have means for holding the film filling packages. .
4. The filling sheet for film filling packages of heat and mass transfer devices according to claim 3, characterized in that said support means have a plurality of lateral members; such heat and mass transfer devices having a housing, such side members mounted in the housing, such film filling packages placed on the side members to provide the channels in one of the horizontal arrangement and a vertical arrangement of the channels .
The filler sheet for film filler packets according to claim 1, characterized in that each filler sheet has a first side edge and a second side edge, such edge and groove classifications that generally extend between the first and second edge, each surface of front and back of each classification having at least one discontinuity defining at least one offset of said classifications between the first edge and the second edge on each surface, the phase shift defining at least one second discontinuity in such channels between the first edge and the second edge, the second discontinuity in a channel angularly deviating at least part of the gas flow in the channel and the discontinuity with such confronting classifications of the aligned peaks separated by a gap .
6. The filler sheet for film filling packages of heat and mass transfer devices according to claim 3characterized by each filling sheet has an upper edge, a lower edge, a first side edge, a second side edge, a transverse axis, a longitudinal axis and at least one mounting passage print with a first stroke having a first main axis with a first length, a second trace defined on the first trace and having a central position on the main axis, the first trace having a central position on the main axis moved from the second central position of stroke, - - - the first main axis generally parallel to one of the longitudinal and transverse axes and extending through the first central position trace and the second central position, at least a second minor axis with a second shorter length than the first length , the second minor axis that extends through at least one of the first trace and the second trace of central positions; one of the first and second assembly passage tracing defining a first aperture, the other of the traces of the passage of the first and second assembly passage defining a second aperture, one of the first and second apertures provided in each filler sheet in the filling pack, the filling pack having at least two sheets of adjacent filling, at least one of the filling sheets with the first opening and the other with at least two adjacent sheets of filling having according to the openings " provided in the filling package, such means for supporting the extension through the first and second filling sheets with "adjacent openings for at least one of the placement and support of the filling sheets in an ordered arrangement of the filling package .
The filler sheet for film filler packages of heat and mass transfer devices according to claim 4, characterized in that said support means further comprises a plurality of lateral members; each filler sheet having an upper edge, a lower edge, a first side edge, a longitudinal axis and a transverse axis; such heat transfer and mass transfer devices having housings, the housing for each device having a vertical axis and a horizontal axis, such side members mounted in the housing, such filling packages placed on side members in one of such edges for positioning the channels in "general alignment with one of the vertical and horizontal axes
8. The filling sheet for film filling packages of heat transfer and mass transfer devices according to claim 6, characterized in that the first central stroke position and the second stroke position are separated by a gap, one of the first aperture filler sheets and the second of aperture filler sheets placed along the main axis on the means for supporting that extend through the first and second openings to provide the leaf vertices and valleys padding displaced on the obverse and reverse surfaces in substantial alignment with the other of the first and second openings of the filler sheet on the obverse and back surface of vertices and valleys of adjacent filler sheets in the film filler pack .
9. The filling sheet for film filling packages of heat transfer and mass transfer devices according to claim 8, characterized in that the first stroke is of a generally elongated shape and the second stroke is circular, each print of Mounting passage is provided on one of the obverse and reverse surfaces, each first and second mounting passage tracings have a perimeter, - - a vertical rib provided on each first and second stroke perimeter, the rib extending generally normal to the filler sheet surface and that provides strength and stiffness to the filler sheet on the support means in the first and second apertures.
The filler sheet for film-filling packages of heat transfer and mass transfer devices according to claim 1, and characterized in that it further comprises means for separating each filler sheet from adjacent filler sheets in a pack of stuffing.
The filling sheet for film filling packages of heat transfer and mass transfer devices according to claim 10, characterized in that the separation means have a plurality of male separators and female separators, each male and female separator placed on one of the obverse surfaces and reverse surface of each filler sheet, each female separator being hollow and open on the other of the obverse and reverse surfaces, the male separator protrudes on one of the obverse and reverse surfaces at a first height, the separator protruding on one of the obverse and reverse surfaces at a second height less than the first height, the male separator of a first filling sheet with a surface engageable with the female separator of another surface of a Adjacent filling sheet of the film filling package in the heat and mass transfer devices. to advance the filler sheet surfaces in a desired position within the film filler pack and the heat transfer and mass transfer devices.
12. The filler sheet for film transfer of heat transfer and mass transfer devices in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that the filling package has a plurality of the filling sheets, each filling sheet that has an upper edge and a lower edge that cooperate to form the first pair of edgeseach filler sheet having a first lateral edge and a second lateral edge cooperating to form a second pair of edges, the filling package in the device having a horizontal axis and a vertical axis normal to the horizontal axis, one of the pair of edges and the second pair of edges that are generally parallel to the horizontal axis in the fill pack, and the other pair of edges offset from the vertical axis at an angle between approximately 0.0 ° and 10. 0 °.
13. The filler sheet for film filling packages of heat transfer and mass transfer devices according to claim 1, characterized in that the gas is air and the fluid is water.
14. The filler sheet for film transfer packages of heat transfer and mass transfer devices according to claim 1, characterized in that the mass transfer and heat transfer device is a crossflow cooling tower.
15. The filler sheet for film transfer packages of heat transfer and mass transfer devices according to claim 1, characterized in that the mass transfer and heat transfer device is a counterflow cooling tower. .
16. The filling sheet for film filling packages of heat transfer and mass transfer devices according to claim 1, characterized in that each filling sheet has an upper edge and a lower edge, a first side edge, a second lateral edge, a transverse axis _ and a longitudinal axis, ~ the upper edge and the lower edge generally _ parallel and cooperating to define a first pair of edges, the first lateral edge and the second lateral edge generally parallel and cooperating to defining a second pair of edges, the heat transfer and mass transfer devices having housings, the housing for each device having a vertical axis and a horizontal axis, such channels between the adjacent filling sheets generally parallel to the horizontal axis and lodging and approximately normal to the first pair and to the second pair of edges, the pair of edges generally perpendicular r to the gas flow, each filler sheet having entrance to the gas flow at one of the edges of the pair of perpendicular edges, and a gas discharge at the other of the perpendicular edges of gas flow, each filler sheet that it has a vapor eliminator, the vapor eliminator that extends between the other pair of edges, the vapor eliminator mounted on the filler sheet and the discharge edge of the gas flow and to inhibit the transfer of fluid transfer from input from the film package and the heat transfer and mass transfer devices.
17. The filling sheet for film filling packages of heat transfer and mass transfer devices according to claim 1, characterized in that each filling sheet has an upper edge and a lower edge, a first side edge a second lateral edge, a transverse axis and a longitudinal axis, the upper edge and the lower edge generally parallel and cooperating to define a first pair of edges, first lateral edge and the second lateral edge generally parallel and cooperating to define a second pair of edges, the heat transfer and mass transfer devices having housings, the housing for each device having a vertical axis and a horizontal axis, the channels between the adjacent filler sheets generally parallel to the horizontal housing axis and approximately normal to one of the first and second pairs of edges, a pair of generally perpendicular edges to the gas flow, each filler sheet having an inlet to the gas flow at one such edge in the pair of perpendicular edges, and a gas discharge in the other from the perpendicular edges of gas flow, a plurality of lattices water retention, each filler sheet having a row of water retention trusses provided at the gas flow inlet edge, the row of water retention truss blades extending between the other pair of rims and operable to inhibit the transfer of water from the cooling tower along the gas flow inlet edge.
18. The filler sheet for film transfer packages of heat transfer and mass transfer devices according to claim 17, characterized in that each filler sheet further comprises a vapor eliminator at the discharge edge for inhibition of the transfer of water that enters from the filling pack.
19. The filler sheet for film filling packages of heat transfer and mass transfer devices in accordance with the claim 17, "" characterized in that each lattice of water retention on each filler sheet has an upper surface and r a lower surface in plane alignment with the obverse surface and the reverse surface of the filler sheet, respectively, each lattice having an inner edge in proximity to such channels and in proximity to the gas flow inlet edge, each lattice of any of the upper or lower surfaces having a raised surface with a first slot vertically on the raised surface and a second slot vertically below of the raised surface, the raised surface parallel to the lower groove and the upper groove, each external louvered end vertically on the internal lattice end of an adjacent internal vertically rising lattice end to inhibit the transfer of fluid from the transfer devices of heat and mass transfer.
The filler sheet for film-filling packages of heat transfer and mass transfer devices according to claim 19, characterized in that the raised surface on an upper and lower surface is molded to one of the first slot and the second groove in the other of the upper and lower surfaces.
The filler sheet for film filling packages of heat transfer and mass transfer devices according to claim 1, characterized in that the classifications of edges and grooves of the arrangement formed on a crsection for the reference plane they are at a predetermined angle on both front and back surfaces. ~,
22. The filler sheet for film filling packages of heat transfer and mass transfer devices according to claim 21, characterized in that the predetermined angle is between about 20 ° and 60 °.
23. The filler sheet for film filling packages of heat transfer and mass transfer devices according to claim 1, characterized in that said edges in the classification are aligned generally in parallel, one of the grooves provided between adjacent edges in such classifications, a plurality of flat surfaces on the arrangement, a flat surface extending between each of the adjacent grooves and edges, each groove having a vertical axis normal to the groove, the flat surfaces extending from each groove toward edges adjacent on the arrangement positioned at an angle of improvement from the vertical axis, such angles of improvement between each flat surface and the vertical axis which are equal and cooperate to provide an angle of improvement for the arrangement.
24. The filler sheet for film filling packages of heat transfer and mass transfer devices according to claim 1, characterized in that said edges in the classification are generally aligned in parallel, one of the grooves provided between the edges adjacent in such classifications, a plurality of flat surfaces on the arrangement, a flat surface extending between each adjacent edge and slot, adjacent edges having a first adjacent edge and a second adjacent edge, each slot having a normal vertical axis to the slot, such flat surfaces extending from each slot towards the first adjacent edge of the array positioned at a first enhancement angle from the vertical axis, such flat surface extending from the slot towards the second adjacent edge placed at a second angle of improvement to the vertical axis, the first and second angles of improvement cooperating to provide an angle of improvement for the arrangement, one of the first and second angles greater than the other of the first and second improvement angles to deflect the angle of improvement of the arrangement .
25. The filler sheet for film transfer packages of heat transfer and mass transfer devices according to claim 1, characterized in that the angle of improvement of arrangement between adjacent flat surfaces of groove is between approximately 75 ° and 145 °. °.
26. The filler sheet for film filling packages of heat transfer and mass transfer devices according to claim 1, characterized in that the vertices defining each channel are adjacent, such adjacent vertices and the valley between them of each one. of the obverse and reverse surface cooperates with one of the obverse and reverse surfaces of the adjacent infill sheet of adjacent apices and the valley to define a channel, such apices defining the cooperating channel for defining a first planar surface with a First total cross-sectional area of the channel, the valleys defining the cooperating channel to define a second flat surface with a second thick cross-sectional area of the channel, the first and second cooperating areas to define a ratio of the net area to the area thick between about 0.40 and 0.90 to provide the spiral formation of the gas flow to tra through the channels.
27. The coating sheet for film coating packages of heat transfer and mass transfer devices according to claim 1, characterized in that the filler sheet surfaces have a plan view, each sheet of filling having an upper edge, a lower edge, a first side edge and a second side edge, a reference axis extending between one of the first side edge and the second side edge, and between the top edge and the bottom edge, the edges and slots inclined from the reference axis in any direction clockwise at a first acute angle and one direction counterclockwise at a second acute angle from such vertices of the classification in the plan view to defining turning angles that provide a controlled turn over the gas flow for spiral formation through each channel.
28. The filler sheet for film filling packages of heat transfer and mass transfer devices according to claim 27, characterized in that the angles of rotation are between 25 ° and 15 a.
29. The filler sheet for film filling packages of heat transfer and mass transfer devices according to claim 1, characterized in that the vertices of an obverse and back surface of a first filler sheet in proximity to the respective front and back surface of a second adjacent filler sheet cooperating to define a gap between such vertices, each filler sheet defining a profile depth between the obverse surface vertices and the back surface vertices, depth of profile and separation space cooperating to define a separation dimension between adjacent filler sheets, the gap and profile depth that cooperate to define a ratio between approximately 0.04 and 0.9.
30. A separation arrangement for heat transfer devices and mass transfer devices characterized in that it has film filling packages, such filling packages having at least two adjacent filling sheets and means for placement, each sheet a filling having a first lateral edge and a second lateral edge, an upper edge, a lower edge, a longitudinal axis and a transverse axis, the separation arrangement comprising: each filling sheet having an obverse surface and a surface of reverse, the adjacent filler sheets initially provided in a nested position and deployable between the disengaged position and an operating position in the heat and mass transfer devices; means for separating each of the filler sheets; such separation means placed on one of the front and back surfaces, the means for separation on adjacent filler sheets engageable in the engaged position, the separable means operable to define a given phase gap between the adjacent filler sheet, in the operating position after offset displacement of the filler sheets on the means of placement.
31. The separation arrangement for heat transfer devices and mass transfer devices, having film filling packages according to claim 30, characterized in that the phase spacing is between approximately 1.27 cm and 30. 8 cm.
32. A separation arrangement for heat transfer devices and mass transfer devices, having film filling packages according to claim 30, characterized in that the mass transfer and heat transfer devices have a horizontal axis, each filler sheet having a longitudinal ee, a horizontal axis, an upper edge, a lower edge, a first side edge, and a second side edge, the filling sheets mounted on the heat transfer and mass transfer devices in the embedded position, each filling sheet in the heat transfer and mass transfer devices and one of the longitudinal axis and the transverse axis generally parallel to the horizontal axis.
33. The separation arrangement for heat transfer and mass transfer devices, having film filling packages according to claim 30, characterized in that the heat transfer and mass transfer devices have a horizontal axis, a longitudinal axis and a transverse axis, _ * each filler sheet having an upper edge, a lower edge, and a first side edge and a second side edge, the filler sheets are mounted on the heat transfer and transfer devices of dough and deployable through the phase shifting space to the operating position, each filling sheet in the heat transfer and mass transfer devices having a longitudinal axis and transverse axis generally parallel to the horizontal axis.
34. The separation arrangement for heat transfer and mass transfer devices having film filler packages according to claim 30, characterized in that each filler sheet further comprises at least one mounting passage print with a first line having a first principal axis with a first length, a second trace defined on the first trace having a central position on the main axis, the first trace having a central position on. the main axis positioned from the central position of the second stroke, the first major axis with a first length extending through the first central stroke position and the second central stroke position, at least a second minor axis with a second length shorter than that of the first length and extending through one of the first stroke and the second stroke, are the central position, one of the first and second stroke of assembly passage that define a first opening., the other of the first and second mounting passage traces defining a second opening, one of the first and second openings provided on each filler sheet in the filler package. at least one of the two adjacent filler sheets of the filling pack having one of the first and second openings and the other of at least two adjacent sheets having the other of the first and second openings, such means for positioning that they extend through the first and second openings of the adjacent filler sheets to provide at least one of the filler sheets in an array and hold the filler sheets in such devices.
35. The separation arrangement for heat transfer device and device for transferring mass in film filling packages according to claim 34, characterized in that such means for positioning are a mounting bar extending through the first and second openings for holding the filling sheets, the first opening being a circle with a center, the second opening which is generally a generally elliptical with the circle in it, part the other * of the filler sheets that has an elliptical folding form on the mounting bar that can provide the filler sheets in an orderly arrangement.
36. The separation arrangement for heat transfer device and mass transfer device having packages of film fillings according to claim 34, characterized in that each first stroke mounting passage has a generally elliptical shape having the axis main assembly passage, the ellipse having a first focus in the first central trace position with the first lower ee through a first focus, and a second focus in the second central trace position with the second minor axis placed vertically down from the first minor axis, the first and second minor axes around approximately normal for the major axis, the second trace which is a circle, the second focus that proportionally a radial center for the second trace, the circle having a defined radius between the radial center and the first trace along the second minor axis, the circle that is cut to provide a second coverage for such means for placement.
37. The separation arrangement for heat transfer devices and mass transfer devices, having film filling packages according to claim 36, characterized in that each first and second mounting passage traces are provided in one of the surfaces of the front and back of each filling sheet. "Each first and second stroke having a perimeter, a vertical rib provided on the first and second stroke perimeters, the rib extending generally normal to the filler sheet surface, the rib providing strength and rigidity to maintain the sheet of filling on the means for placement.
38. The arrangement for separation for heat transfer devices and mass transfer devices, having film filling packages according to claim 36, characterized in that the first focus and the second focus have a predetermined focus interval in the main shaft, each filler sheet having at least one aisle on one of the obverse surfaces or back surface of filler sheet, the corridor extending generally parallel to one of the longitudinal and transverse axes, each filler sheet having a plurality of male spacers and female spacers, each male spacer and each female spacer positioned in a passageway that is understood on one of the front and back surfaces, such male spacers extend generally vertically over the female spacers on the wall. aisle, at least the female spacers that are hollow and are open on the other front and back surface facing away from the surface of the aisle, such male spacers of a dockable filler surface and in register with female spacers of adjacent filler sheet from another surface in the filler pack assembly to maintain a separation distance specified between adjacent front and back surfaces of adjacent filler sheets.
39. The arrangement for separation for heat transfer devices and mass transfer devices, having film filling packages according to claim 36, characterized in that the male spacers and the female spacers are generally aligned on the aisle with a Default record space between adjacent male separators and female separators; the recording space approximately equal to the focus interval to provide each male separator in registration with a female separator gap of an adjacent filler sheet from another surface to maintain the gap between the adjacent filler sheet surfaces in assembly with the pack of stuffing.
40. The arrangement for separation for devices for heat transfer and mass transfer devices, having film filling packages according to claim 36, characterized in that the filling packages have a plurality of filling sheets with first and second alternate aperture for such placement means, each filler sheet having a plurality of rows, edges and grooves on each obverse surface and reverse surface, the rows placed in an array formed of a repeating pattern of the rows, each row it has at least one vertex on the filler sheet surface and at least one valley below the filler sheet surface, the focus range which provides the "adjacent filler foci of the filler sheets with an aperture for moving a fixed distance, the distance fi that moves many vertices on the surfaces of each adversary and the surfaces opposing faces of the adjacent filler sheets in substantial alignment in proximity with the opposing surface apexes to define gas flow channels between the adjacent sheet that confronts, observes and reverses surfaces.
41. The arrangement for separation for heat transfer and mass transfer devices, having film filling packages, according to claim 30, wherein the separation means has a plurality of male spacers and a plurality ^ of female spacers, the male spacers placed on one of the front and back surfaces, the female spacers placed on one of the front and back surfaces, the male spacers and the female spacers on adjacent filler sheets engageable in the engaged position and cooperating to define a predetermined space between one of the adjacent male spacers and the female spacers on a front and back surface of filler sheet, the male spacers and the female spacers on each surface "of the front and back of filling sheet engageable with the male spacers and the female spacers, respectively, of a sheet of adjacent filler in engaged position, - the adjacent filler sheets that can be moved between a nested position and an operating position, the adjacent filler sheets that can be moved into the operating position to provide the male spacers and the female spacers the front and back surface of the filler sheet in alignment with the respective female spacers and male spacers of the other front and back surface of an adjacent one of such filler sheets. ,
42. The arrangement for separation for devices for heat transfer and transfer 10 of dough, having film filler packets according to claim 30, wherein the separating means has a plurality of male separators extending on one of the front and back surfaces and opening on another of the surfaces of front and back, the male spacers on each of the filler sheets of front and back surfaces are adjustable with the male spacers of an adjacent filler sheet in the fitted position, the adjacent filler sheets that can be To move between a nested position and an opefaction position, operable male spacers to contact the other of the obverse and back surfaces of an adjacent infill sheet to provide a space of 25 phase shift between the adjacent filler sheets. v