MXPA99008825A - Discardable formwork for columns - Google Patents

Abstract

The formwork is comprised of a tubular core or body based on a plurality of polystyrene pieces (3-7) fixed to each other by means of adhesive at their union edges (5);the tubular core is internally coated with a plastic sheet (1) or rigid plates (11, 11') made of wood which has been plastified on their internal face or made of rigid plastic material and fixed to each other at their internal face by means of adhesive strips forming an impervious barrier;on the external side, said assembly is complemented by a lattice support consisting of a glass fiber mesh (6-18) which has been wound helically around the tubular core (3-7) and fixed to the latter by means of adhesive (7-19) so that said mesh confers to the assembly the required mechanical strength. Optionally, it is possible to set on the mesh envelope (6) a self-adhesive sealing strip (8) forming a decorative element and a publicity support for the formwork.

Description

- - DISPOSABLE FORMWORK FOR COLUMNS D E S C R I P C I O N OBJECT OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a new disposable formwork for obtaining columns, for example based on reinforced concrete, formwork with which an optimum level of performance is achieved from a simple and consequently economic structure.

The formwork also allows to obtain a perfect surface finish in the columns, so it is usable indistintivamente when it is intended to obtain columns intended to be coated, as when it comes to columns that will offer their surface view and where an optimal finish is required superficial • BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Obviously, to build a column based on, for example, reinforced concrete, it is necessary to have a mold or formwork that confers its configuration and dimensions, this formwork having to combine two different and complementary characteristics, on the one hand ensuring a perfect surface finish for the column, and on the other, especially when dealing with a disposable formwork, that its cost is low enough to make it profitable to the manufacturer.

In the field of disposable formwork and when it comes to obtaining cylindrical columns, formworks are known based on a tubular body, cardboard, with its internal face affected by a waterproof coating that prevents deterioration of the cardboard with moisture released by the concrete, coating obtained from an aluminum complex. In addition, the tubular body has another outer coating, usually plasticized, to also protect the cardboard and to mark the product externally.

When it comes to obtaining polygonal section columns, such as square section columns, polystyrene plates are suitably established and fixed inside the said tubular body, suitably shaped to adapt externally to the cylindrical wall of the tube and to configure internally, as a whole, the polygonal section provided for the column.

These solutions, although functionally valid, are structurally complex and economically expensive, to which must be added certain limitations in terms of the design possibilities for the columns, since they have to introduce and fix the filler plates inside a body pre-existing tubular DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The disposable formwork for columns that the invention proposes resolves in a fully satisfactory manner the problems previously exposed.

For this and more specifically said formwork is constituted by a tubular body, polystyrene or other similar material, based on a plurality of interengaging pieces or plates defining a hollow interior, formally and dimensionally coincident with the column to be obtained, and a external surface which will preferably be cylindrical, but which could also adopt a polygonal configuration, with the special feature of which a plastic sheet, for example of PVC or similar, is fixed to the internal face of said tubular body by means of adhesive. on itself by any conventional means, to also configure a tubular body with a watertight surface, while externally the formwork incorporates a grid-like support, based on a fiberglass mesh which, in the form of a continuous band, is wound helically over the tubular body defined by the pieces of polystyrene, which is also fixed by adhesive.

As a complement to the structure described the formwork can incorporate externally, ie outside the mesh, a band seal, also wound helically on the set, which can completely cover the surface of the mesh or, with a greater step, leave visible part of the same, said seal essentially having a beautifying and advertising support function for the product.

When, due to the implantation conditions foreseen for the corresponding column, it must present a perfectly smooth surface, the described solution may be inadequate since in the plastic sheet of PVC or similar, which constitutes the interior and operative surface of the formwork, they are usually formed small wrinkles, which are subsequently transmitted to the mass of concrete constituting the column and which determine surface irregularities in it, for this purpose it is planned to replace the aforementioned plastic sheet of PVC or similar by plates of reduced thickness, numerical and Dimensionally coinciding with the faces or planes of the column a - - obtain.

These plates of reduced thickness may be obtained based on plasticized wood for example type M.D.F., or may consist of rigid plastic plates.

These plates are fixed to each other to configure the necessary tubular body, with the collaboration of adhesive strips fixed to the one that has to be its internal face, strips that in the specific case of using wooden plates have the complementary purpose of sealing the tubular body avoiding that the water of the concrete penetrates in the edges of the wooden plates, that obviously are not laminated to be able to use commercial boards.

In the case of using rigid plastic plates, where the adhesive strips do not have a sealing function, these can be arranged on the external face of the tubular body, so that they do not leave bursts, despite their reduced thickness, on the surface of the body. column.

According to another feature of the invention, it is provided that in formwork to obtain polygonal columns with beveled edges, replacing the strips of plasticized wood or plastic strips corresponding to such beveled edges, use aubergines plastic that, in addition to determining the plane corresponding to such facets, incorporate lateral grooves properly oriented and dimensioned to allow the coupling of the plates, wood or plastic, which correspond to the larger side walls of the column, these grooves presenting their embouchure enough strangulated so that the coupling of said plates is produced under pressure and with a total sealing for the edges thereof.

In accordance with the above, not only a perfect surface finish is achieved for the column to be obtained, but also because the inner lining of the polystyrene is not fixed by glue to the latter, the assembly is easily removable and reusable, with the consequent ecological impact that this implies.

However, it may be desirable that the surface of the column to be obtained, instead of being totally smooth, presents simulative reliefs of veins and knots of the wood, as would have been used a conventional formwork based on wooden strips conveniently interengaged to define a cylindrical receptacle, in which case and according to another feature of the invention, the use of strips of noble wood, waxed on its internal face to facilitate stripping, which are fixed by glue to the polystyrene tubular body, has been foreseen, prior to the final fixation of the constituent parts thereof, preferably when it is materialized in still two halves, which are finally closed on each other after fixing them, by means of adhesive, of said strips of noble wood.

In any case and in a manner analogous to that envisaged in the main patent, the polystyrene tubular body, conveniently closed and carrying in its interior the coating based on plastic laminated wood plates, plastic plates or strips of noble wood, it is externally surrounded with fiberglass mesh grids, in the form of a continuous band and helically wound, optionally assisted by the same band seal.

Finally and in accordance with another feature of the invention when dealing with polygonal section columns, such as quadrangular or rectangular section, it has been foreseen the placement of signaling seals at the ends of the formwork, in positional correspondence with the edges of the column, to facilitate the -implantation on site of said formwork in the correct position.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS To complement the description that is being made and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, according to a preferred example of practical realization thereof, an assembly of drawings is included as an integral part of said description. With an illustrative and non-limiting character, the following has been represented: Figure 1 shows, according to a schematic representation in cross section, a disposable formwork for columns made according to the object of the present invention, according to a specific case in which it is intended to obtain a column of quadrangular section and with its Beveled edges Figure 2 shows, according to a representation similar to that of the previous figure, a variant embodiment of the disposable formwork for columns in which the watertight and inner lining thereof has been modified.

Figure 3 shows an enlarged detail of the section of the previous figure, at the level of one of the beveled edges, according to a practical embodiment in which for the bevels of the edges of the column eggplants are used.

Figure 4 shows a schematic representation in cross section similar to that of Figure 2, but corresponding to a disposable formwork provided for obtaining a faceted column, directed to the cylinder, with an irregular surface - imitating the wood.

PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION In view of these figures, and more specifically of figure 1, it can be seen how the disposable formwork for columns that is recommended is structured from a plastic sheet (1), PVC or other suitable material to establish a waterproof barrier in the context of the formwork, specifically in correspondence with the inner face of the same, plastic sheet to which, with the collaboration of a layer of glue (2), a series of pieces of polystyrene (3) are fixed, which as a whole make up a tubular body, whose interior (4) is formally and dimensionally adapted to the column to be obtained, and is provided with the inner and watertight coating defined by said sheet (1), these parts (3) also being joined together by their edges (5) of mutual contact, which can adopt the radial configuration represented in said figure 1, a broken configuration or any other, without this affecting in any way the essence of the invention, presents in any case the tubular body defined by the parts - (1) an external surface that preferably will be cylindrical, as in said figure, as it is the most suitable to achieve an adequate fixation between said parts, with a maximum mechanical resistance, generated by the outer envelope (6) that surrounds it, but that could also adopt a polygonal configuration or any other one that is considered convenient, such as an elliptical configuration when it comes to obtaining columns of rectangular section.

In any case, said envelope (6) is embodied in a fiberglass mesh, which is fixed to the tubular body defined by the pieces (3) of polystyrene by means of a layer of adhesive (7).

Finally, the described assembly is complemented with an outer sealing band (8), preferably a self-adhesive band, which aesthetically tops the set, which constitutes the advertising support of the product and which can hide all or part of the mesh (6), or even be part of the latter, so that mesh (6) and seal (8) form a set prior to its application to the tubular body (3).

But as previously mentioned, this formwork offers optimum performance when a perfect surface finish is not necessary on the column, but can nevertheless be improved, when such a surface finish is necessary.

For this and as shown in Figures 2 and 3, it is provided that as a liner or inner layer of the form, instead of the plastic and impermeable sheet (1) of Figure 1, a plurality of plates (11) are used. of reduced thickness, which can be made of plasticized wood or rigid plastic, which correspond formally and dimensionally with the lateral faces of the column to be obtained, and, where appropriate, with the bevels of its edges, for which purpose it will be available. strips (11 ') obviously much narrower, obviously presenting the plastic on the inside, which must be in contact with the concrete, in order that the wood is conveniently protected against moisture of the latter, fixing these plates and strips (11-11 ') with the collaboration of adhesive strips (12) that are fixed to its internal face and that overlap their edges of intercoupling (13), with the dual function of, on the one hand, fixing these plates and strips (11-11 '), const ituiendo a tubular body, and on the other hand and in the specific case of using plastic plates • plasticized, protect from moisture the edges of them, which obviously are not plasticized.

However, in the case of bevelled corner columns as shown in Figure 2, there is the possibility of replacing the strips of wood or plastic (11 ') with aubergines (14), extruded in plastic material, which in addition to defining a internal face (15) flat, in formal and dimensional correspondence with the bevel to be obtained in the column, incorporate lateral grooves (16) for perfectly adjusted coupling of the plates (11), so that this not only are perfectly fixed to each other to through the aubergines (14), but also see their edges perfectly protected from moisture, in the case of wood plates, to be properly fitted into the grooves (16).

In any case and as in the solution of figure 1, this internal lining of the formwork is adapted to a tubular body based on a plurality of pieces (17) of polystyrene, duly interengaged and fixed by adhesive, which determine a matching interior space with the coating defined by the plates (11-11 '), and a cylindrical exterior configuration on which an outer shell (18) is established materialized in a fiberglass mesh that is fixed to the tubular body defined by the pieces (17). ) of polystyrene by means of a layer of adhesive (19), and which can optionally be supplemented with an outer seal band (20), preferably a self-adhesive strip, which aesthetically tops the set, which constitutes the advertising support of the product and which can hide total or partially to the mesh (18), or even form part of the latter, so that mesh (18) and seal (20) form a set prior to its application to the tubular rpo (19).

It follows from the foregoing that the totally smooth surface of the plates (11-11 ') has an effect on obtaining a surface that is also completely smooth for the column to be obtained, which is only affected by the light thickness of the adhesive sheet (12), practically negligible, and which lacks any type of affectation when the aubergines of figure 3 are used.

Finally, and as a complement to the structure described, it is provided that at each end of the formwork and in correspondence with the areas (21) facing the edges of the column to be obtained, small seals are established, not shown in the figures, acting as markers that facilitate the correct positioning of the formwork on the foundation for a correct positioning of the column to be obtained.

However, as previously mentioned, it may be desirable that the column to be obtained, instead of presenting a completely smooth surface, presents a surface with the appearance of the wood, showing the veins and knots of the latter, in which case and in replacement of the plates (11-11 ') which have been mentioned previously, strips or strips (22) of noble wood are used, with no more surface treatment than sanding and waxing to facilitate the subsequent stripping , these wooden strips (22) being fixed to the tubular body defined by the polystyrene pieces (17) by means of adhesive and conveniently interengaged to the end, as can be seen in particular in figure 2.

In this sense, the use of a mold preferably in a half-round (in the case of cylindrical columns) with a curved-convex operating surface, on which the wooden strips (22), conveniently interengaged, are successively arranged, to apply then the adhesive to the external face of all of them and finally to fix the corresponding polystyrene pieces (17) thereon.

According to this embodiment, columns are obtained which, instead of offering a perfectly smooth surface, as in the case shown in figure 2, offer a rough surface, reproducing the veins and knots of the wood and giving the feeling that the Column has been obtained by artisan formwork procedures.

Claims (1)

1. - R E I V I N D I CA C I O N E S Ia.- Disposable formwork for columns, characterized by being constituted from a tubular body, made of polystyrene or other similar material, based on a plurality of pieces (3-17) conveniently interengaged and fixed through their edges (5) and by adhesive, said parts as a whole forming a tubular housing (4) formally and dimensionally coincident with the column to be obtained, and an external preferably cylindrical surface, the inner face of the tubular body defined by said parts (3- 17) of polystyrene is provided with a waterproof coating (1-11-11 '), while its external face is in turn covered by a grid support (6-18), based on a fiberglass mesh, being fixed This outer grid support (6-18) to the tubular body (3-17) of polystyrene, by means of a layer of adhesive (7-19). 2a.- Disposable formwork for columns, according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner impermeable coating is materialized in a plastic sheet (1), preferably made of PVC or other similar material, which is fixed to the tubular body (3) with the collaboration of a layer of adhesive (2), also forming a tubular body suitably sealed by an adhesive strip on its closing edges or by any other appropriate means. 3a.- Disposable formwork for columns, according to previous claims, characterized in that the outer grid support is materialized in a mesh (6-18) of fiberglass wound helically on the polystyrene tubular body (3-17), integrally covering the surface from the last batch. - - 4a.- Disposable formwork for columns, according to previous claims, characterized in that a sealing strip (8-20), also helically wound, preferably self-adhesive, that can cover all or part of the envelope, is incorporated on the grid and cover support (6-18). to the mesh (6-18) and that acts as beautification and advertising support for the formwork. 5a.- Disposable formwork for columns, according to claim 4, characterized in that optionally the seal band (8-20) is integrated in the mesh (6-18) constituting the grid support. 6a.- Disposable formwork for columns, according to previous claims, characterized in that the pieces (3-17) of polystyrene constituting the tubular core can be of continuous or variable section, depending on which is the column to be obtained, and with its surface internal smooth or irregular, in turn depending on the surface configuration provided for the column to be obtained. 7a.- Disposable formwork for columns, according to claims Ia, 3a, 4a, 5a and 6a, characterized in that the impermerable inner coating is materialized in a plurality of rigid plates (11-11 ') of reduced thickness, formally dimensionally coinciding with the faces laterals of the column to be obtained, conveniently fixed to each other but physically independent of the internal face of the tubular body (17) of -polystyrene, to which they adapt in the absence of adhesive, all this in such a way that the inner plates (11-11) ') determine a smooth and watertight surface that is transmitted to the surface of the column to be obtained. - - 8a.- Disposable formwork for columns, according to claim 7a, characterized in that said plates (11-11 ') are made of laminated wood on their internal face. 9a.- Disposable formwork for columns, according to claim 7 -, characterized in that said plates (11-11 ') are made of rigid plastic. 10a.- Disposable formwork for columns, according to claims 7a, 8a and 9a, characterized in that said rigid plates (11-11 ') are fixed to each other with the aid of adhesive strips (12) that are fixed to their internal face in correspondence with the joining edges (13) between them and that in the case of use of wooden plates seal said joints (13) protecting the edges of said plates (11-11 ') from moisture. 11a.- Disposable formwork for columns, according to claims 7a to 10a, characterized in that in the case of columns with beveled edges, replacing the strips (11 ') of wood or plastic corresponding to the said bevels, aubergines are used (14) which, besides offering flat surfaces (15) in correspondence with said bevels, incorporate lateral grooves (16) suitably dimensioned and oriented to receive the corresponding edges of the plates (11) corresponding to the side walls of the column to be obtained. 12a.- Disposable formwork for columns, according to claim 7a, characterized in that when it is intended to obtain columns with an irregular surface, simulating the reliefs of veins and knots of a conventional artisan formwork, the interior wooden cladding of the formwork is obtained on the basis of strips (22), made of noble wood, suitably sanded and waxed to facilitate stripping. 13a.- Disposable formwork for columns, according to previous claims, characterized in that when it comes to polygonal section columns at the ends of the formwork and in correspondence with the edges of the column to be obtained, small actuating seals are established as signaling means that facilitate the correct positioning of the formwork on the foundation. - SUMMARY DISPOSABLE FORMWORK FOR COLUMNS The formwork is structured from a body or tubular core based on a plurality of pieces (3-7) of polystyrene, fixed to each other by adhesive through their joining edges (5), tubular core coated internally by a sheet (1) of plastic nature, or rigid plates (11-11 '), based on plasticized wood by its internal face or rigid plastic, fixed to each other by its internal face with the collaboration of adhesive strips, constituting a waterproof barrier , while externally this set is complemented by a grid support consisting of a mesh (6-18) of fiberglass wound helically on the tubular core (3-7) and fixed thereto by means of adhesive (7-19), in a manner that said mesh confers on the assembly the adequate mechanical rigidity. Optionally on the mesh envelope (6) a self-adhesive seal strip (8) can be established, constituting a bezel and an advertising support for the formwork.